JPH11174489A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11174489A JPH11174489A JP34746897A JP34746897A JPH11174489A JP H11174489 A JPH11174489 A JP H11174489A JP 34746897 A JP34746897 A JP 34746897A JP 34746897 A JP34746897 A JP 34746897A JP H11174489 A JPH11174489 A JP H11174489A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- display device
- crystal display
- phase difference
- crystal element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、使用形態に応じ
て、視野角特性を任意に設定可能な液晶表示装置に関す
るものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device capable of arbitrarily setting a viewing angle characteristic according to a use mode.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】液晶表示素子は薄型で軽量、かつ低消費
電力のディスプレイ素子であり、テレビやビデオなどの
画像表示装置や、モニター、ワープロ、パーソナルコン
ピュータなどのＯＡ機器に広く用いられている。2. Description of the Related Art Liquid crystal display devices are thin, lightweight, and low power consumption display devices, and are widely used in image display devices such as televisions and videos, and in OA equipment such as monitors, word processors, and personal computers.
【０００３】従来、液晶表示素子として例えば、ネマテ
ィック液晶を用いたツイステッドネマティック（ＴＮ）
モ−ドの液晶表示素子が実用化されているが、応答が遅
い、視野角が狭いなどの欠点がある。Conventionally, for example, a twisted nematic (TN) using a nematic liquid crystal as a liquid crystal display element.
Mode liquid crystal display elements have been put to practical use, but have drawbacks such as slow response and a narrow viewing angle.
【０００４】視野角課題に対しては、配向分割法、画素
分割法やＩＰＳ（面内スイッチング）モード、垂直配向
モードを利用する方法、あるいはこれらの方法とフィル
ム位相板とを組み合わせた方法を用いることにより、大
幅な改善がなされており、上下、左右で１６０度の視野
角特性を有する広視野角液晶表示素子が開発・実用化さ
れている。In order to solve the problem of the viewing angle, an alignment division method, a pixel division method, an IPS (in-plane switching) mode, a method using a vertical alignment mode, or a method combining these methods with a film phase plate is used. As a result, a great improvement has been made, and a wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device having a viewing angle characteristic of 160 degrees vertically, horizontally, and horizontally has been developed and put into practical use.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】一方、液晶表示素子の
使用形態からすれば、多人数で表示を見る場合や、種々
の角度から表示を見る場合などは広視野角特性が要求さ
れるものの、ノートパソコンや携帯端末を利用して個人
的記録を行う場合などは、逆に、他人からは見られない
狭視野角特性が要求されている。On the other hand, in view of the usage of the liquid crystal display element, a wide viewing angle characteristic is required when viewing the display by a large number of people or when viewing the display from various angles. In the case of personal recording using a notebook computer or a portable terminal, on the contrary, a narrow viewing angle characteristic that cannot be seen by others is required.
【０００６】この要求に対して、液晶表示素子観察者側
の偏光板の代わりに、偏光板つき眼鏡を用いる方法や、
必要に応じて、視角により透過・散乱特性が変化する視
角制御板を用いる方法が提案されている。しかしなが
ら、液晶表示装置への装脱着が煩わしいという問題を有
している。In response to this demand, a method of using spectacles with a polarizing plate instead of the polarizing plate on the viewer side of the liquid crystal display element,
As required, a method using a viewing angle control plate whose transmission / scattering characteristics change depending on the viewing angle has been proposed. However, there is a problem that mounting and demounting to and from the liquid crystal display device is troublesome.
【０００７】そこで本発明は、上記の問題点を解決すべ
く、使用形態により任意に、かつ容易に広視野角特性と
狭視野角特性を切り換えることの可能な液晶表示装置を
提供することを主たる目的とする。In view of the above, the present invention mainly aims to provide a liquid crystal display device which can easily and arbitrarily and easily switch between a wide viewing angle characteristic and a narrow viewing angle characteristic depending on a use mode. Aim.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めに、本発明の第１の液晶表示装置は、表示用液晶素子
及び位相差制御用液晶素子を有し、位相差制御用液晶素
子が、プレーナ配向をしているコレステリック液晶また
はカイラルネマティック液晶を内面に電極を有する基板
間に挟持している構成となっている。In order to achieve the above object, a first liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a display liquid crystal element and a phase difference control liquid crystal element, and comprises a phase difference control liquid crystal element. However, a cholesteric liquid crystal or a chiral nematic liquid crystal having a planar orientation is sandwiched between substrates having electrodes on the inner surface.
【０００９】また本発明の第２の液晶表示装置は、表示
用液晶素子及び位相差制御用液晶素子を有し、位相差制
御用液晶素子が、液晶表示装置使用時に等方性であり電
圧印加により垂直配向するネマティック液晶を内面に電
極を有する基板間に挟持している構成となっている。A second liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a display liquid crystal element and a phase difference control liquid crystal element, and the phase difference control liquid crystal element is isotropic when the liquid crystal display device is used, and a voltage is applied. , A nematic liquid crystal that is vertically aligned is sandwiched between substrates having electrodes on the inner surface.
【００１０】さらに本発明の第３の液晶表示装置は、表
示用液晶素子及び位相差制御用液晶素子を有し、位相差
制御用液晶素子が、ランダム配向をしているネマティッ
ク液晶を内面に電極を有する基板間に挟持している構成
となっている。Further, a third liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a display liquid crystal element and a phase difference control liquid crystal element, wherein the phase difference control liquid crystal element has a nematic liquid crystal having random orientation on an inner surface. Is sandwiched between substrates having the same.
【００１１】上記の構成によれば、位相差制御用液晶素
子に印加する電圧を制御することで、液晶表示装置全体
としての視野角特性を容易に変化させることができる。According to the above arrangement, the viewing angle characteristics of the entire liquid crystal display device can be easily changed by controlling the voltage applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態におけ
る液晶表示装置について図面を参照しながら以下に詳述
する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
【００１３】（実施の形態１）図１は本発明の実施の形
態１に関わる液晶表示装置の構成概念を示す断面図であ
る。図１において、液晶表示装置は偏光板１、２０およ
び、それらの間に配置された表示用液晶素子１０と補償
用液晶素子１９とを備えている。(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration concept of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device includes polarizing plates 1 and 20, and a display liquid crystal element 10 and a compensation liquid crystal element 19 disposed therebetween.
【００１４】上記の表示用液晶素子１０は下記のごとく
作製した。まず、透明電極３、８を有する２枚のガラス
基板２、９上に日産化学工業（株）製配向膜塗料ＳＥ−
１２１１をスピンコート法にて塗布し、恒温槽中１８０
℃で１時間硬化させる。その後、レーヨン製ラビング布
を用いて図２に示す方向にラビング処理を施し、積水フ
ァインケミカル（株）製スペーサ５、およびストラクト
ボンド３５２Ａ（三井東圧化学（株）製シール樹脂の商
品名）を用いて基板間隔が３μｍとなるように貼り合わ
せ、表示用液晶セルを作製した。次に、メルク社製液晶
ＭＪ９５１１５２（ＮＩ点＝９１℃、Δｎ＝０．０８２
７）を、真空注入法にて上記の液晶セルに注入し表示用
液晶素子１０とした。The display liquid crystal element 10 was manufactured as follows. First, an alignment film paint SE- manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. is placed on two glass substrates 2 and 9 having transparent electrodes 3 and 8.
1211 is applied by spin coating, and
Cure for 1 hour at ° C. Thereafter, rubbing treatment is performed in the direction shown in FIG. 2 using a rubbing cloth made of rayon, and spacers 5 made by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. and Stract Bond 352A (trade name of seal resin made by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.) are used. Then, the substrates were stuck together so that the distance between the substrates became 3 μm, thereby producing a liquid crystal cell for display. Next, a liquid crystal MJ951152 manufactured by Merck (NI point = 91 ° C., Δn = 0.0082)
7) was injected into the above-mentioned liquid crystal cell by a vacuum injection method to obtain a display liquid crystal element 10.
【００１５】また、位相差制御用液晶素子１９は下記の
ごとく作製した。まず、透明電極１２、１７を有する２
枚のガラス基板１１、１８上に日産化学工業製配向膜塗
料ＳＥ−７４９２をスピンコート法にて塗布し、恒温槽
中１８０℃で１時間硬化させる。その後、レーヨン製ラ
ビング布を用いて図２に示す方向にラビング処理を施
し、積水ファインケミカル（株）製スペーサ１４、およ
びストラクトボンド３５２Ａ（三井東圧化学（株）製シ
ール樹脂の商品名）を用いて基板間隔が８μｍとなるよ
うに貼り合わせ、位相差制御用液晶セルを作製した。次
に、プレーナ配向する液晶として、カイラル材料として
コレステリルノナノエートが添加され、かつ、カイラル
ピッチが８μｍになるように調製されたメルク社製液晶
ＺＬＩ−２４１１（ＮＩ点＝６５℃、Δｎ＝０．１４
０）を、真空注入法にて上記の液晶セルに注入し位相差
制御用液晶セル１９とした。The phase difference controlling liquid crystal element 19 was manufactured as follows. First, 2 having transparent electrodes 12 and 17
An alignment film paint SE-7492 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries is applied on the glass substrates 11 and 18 by spin coating, and cured at 180 ° C. for 1 hour in a thermostat. Then, rubbing treatment is performed in the direction shown in FIG. 2 using a rubbing cloth made of rayon, and spacers 14 manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. and Stract Bond 352A (trade name of seal resin manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.) are used. Then, the substrates were stuck together so that the distance between the substrates became 8 μm, thereby producing a liquid crystal cell for controlling a phase difference. Next, as a liquid crystal to be planar-aligned, cholesteryl nonanoate as a chiral material is added, and a liquid crystal ZLI-2411 manufactured by Merck Ltd. (NI point = 65 ° C., Δn = 0. 14
0) was injected into the above-mentioned liquid crystal cell by a vacuum injection method to obtain a liquid crystal cell 19 for controlling a phase difference.
【００１６】その後、偏光板１、２０を図２の如く表示
用液晶素子光源側基板のラビング方向と偏光板１の偏光
軸方向とが４５゜の角度をなすとともに、２枚の偏光板
の偏光軸方向がお互いに直交配置となるように液晶素子
１０および１９に貼合し、液晶表示装置Ａを作製した。After that, as shown in FIG. 2, the polarizers 1 and 20 are oriented at a 45 ° angle between the rubbing direction of the display liquid crystal element light source side substrate and the polarization axis direction of the polarizer 1, and the polarization of the two polarizers. The liquid crystal display device A was manufactured by bonding the liquid crystal elements 10 and 19 such that the axial directions were orthogonal to each other.
【００１７】次に、定法に従い、本発明の液晶表示装置
Ａの電圧−透過率特性を２５℃において３０Ｈｚ矩形波
を印加しながら測定した。その結果を図３に示す。位相
差制御用液晶素子に１０Ｖの電圧を印加した場合も電圧
無印加の場合もほぼ同一の電圧−透過率特性が得られ
た。Next, the voltage-transmittance characteristic of the liquid crystal display device A of the present invention was measured at 25 ° C. while applying a 30 Hz rectangular wave according to a conventional method. The result is shown in FIG. Approximately the same voltage-transmittance characteristics were obtained both when a voltage of 10 V was applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element and when no voltage was applied.
【００１８】いま、表示用液晶素子に８Ｖを印加した時
の透過率と電圧無印加時の透過率との比をコントラスト
比と定義し、位相差制御用液晶素子に１０Ｖの電圧を印
加した場合と電圧無印加の場合について、コントラスト
比の視野角依存性を測定した。その結果を図４に示す。When the ratio between the transmittance when 8 V is applied to the display liquid crystal element and the transmittance when no voltage is applied is defined as a contrast ratio, and a voltage of 10 V is applied to the phase difference control liquid crystal element. And the case where no voltage was applied, the dependence of the contrast ratio on the viewing angle was measured. FIG. 4 shows the results.
【００１９】図中、実線は位相制御用素子に１０Ｖを印
加した場合の等コントラスト曲線であり、破線は位相差
制御用素子に電圧を印加しない場合の等コントラスト曲
線である。ここにおいて、曲線で囲まれる領域は、コン
トラスト比が１０：１以上の領域であり、階調反転の無
い領域を表している。In the figure, the solid line is an isocontrast curve when 10 V is applied to the phase control element, and the dashed line is an isocontrast curve when no voltage is applied to the phase difference control element. Here, the region surrounded by the curve is a region where the contrast ratio is 10: 1 or more, and represents a region without gradation inversion.
【００２０】図４より明らかなように、本実施の形態の
液晶表示装置は位相差制御用液晶素子に印加する電圧の
有無により液晶表示装置の視野角特性を「広視角←→狭
視角」と切り換えることが可能であり、使用形態により
視野角特性を選択することができる。As is apparent from FIG. 4, the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment changes the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device from “wide viewing angle ← → narrow viewing angle” depending on the presence or absence of a voltage applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element. Switching is possible, and the viewing angle characteristic can be selected according to the usage pattern.
【００２１】本実施の形態における位相差制御用液晶素
子中の液晶分子は、電圧無印加時にはらせんの軸が基板
面に垂直に配向しているプレーナ配列をしており、実効
的には３軸方向の屈折率がｎx＝ｎy＞ｎzの関係を有す
る負の補償板と同等の働きを示すため、素子中で液晶分
子が基板面にほぼ垂直に配向している表示用液晶素子の
位相差の視野角依存性を補償し、本液晶表示装置の位相
差の視野角依存性を大幅に低減させることができ、広視
野角を達成することができる。The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal element for phase difference control according to the present embodiment have a planar arrangement in which the helical axis is oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface when no voltage is applied. Since the refractive index in the direction shows the same function as that of a negative compensator having the relationship of nx = ny> nz, the phase difference of the liquid crystal element for display in which the liquid crystal molecules are oriented almost perpendicular to the substrate surface in the element. The viewing angle dependency can be compensated, the viewing angle dependency of the phase difference of the present liquid crystal display device can be greatly reduced, and a wide viewing angle can be achieved.
【００２２】また、位相差制御用液晶素子に電圧を印加
した場合には、液晶分子は基板面にほぼ垂直に配列する
ため、装置正面では表示用液晶素子単独の特性が観察さ
れるが、装置正面から視角を傾けた場合には位相差制御
用液晶素子の位相差が表示用液晶素子の位相差に加わり
液晶表示装置の視野角特性は大幅に低下する。When a voltage is applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged almost perpendicular to the substrate surface, so that the characteristics of the display liquid crystal element alone are observed in front of the apparatus. When the viewing angle is inclined from the front, the phase difference of the liquid crystal element for controlling the phase difference is added to the phase difference of the liquid crystal element for display, and the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device is greatly reduced.
【００２３】なお、本実施の形態ではコレステリックプ
レーナ配向を達成するためにカイラルネマティック液晶
を用いたが、電圧印加により基板面にほぼ垂直に配向し
さえすれば他のコレステリック液晶を用いても良いこと
は言うまでもない。In this embodiment, a chiral nematic liquid crystal is used to achieve cholesteric planar alignment. However, other cholesteric liquid crystals may be used as long as they are aligned almost perpendicular to the substrate surface by applying a voltage. Needless to say.
【００２４】また、表示用液晶素子は素子中央の液晶分
子がほぼ垂直に配列した状態で黒表示を行う表示モー
ド、例えば、ノーマリーホワイト型捻れネマティックモ
ード、垂直配向型電界誘起複屈折モード、あるいは光学
補償ベンドモードに特に適格である。The display liquid crystal element has a display mode in which black display is performed in a state where liquid crystal molecules at the center of the element are arranged almost vertically, for example, a normally white twisted nematic mode, a vertical alignment type electric field induced birefringence mode, or Particularly qualified for optically compensated bend mode.
【００２５】さらに、表示用素子として、素子中の各画
素が複数の領域、あるいは無数の領域に分割された配向
分割型液晶表示素子を用いた場合にも同様の効果が得ら
れることは言うまでもない。Further, it is needless to say that the same effect can be obtained when an alignment division type liquid crystal display element in which each pixel in the element is divided into a plurality of areas or an innumerable area is used as a display element. .
【００２６】（実施の形態２）以下、本発明実施の形態
２における液晶表示装置について説明する。本実施の形
態は、上記の実施の形態１で提示した図１と同様の構成
を有する液晶表示装置であり、実施の形態１とは、位相
差制御用表示素子の液晶が基本的には異なる。そして本
実施の形態における液晶表示装置Ｂを下記の如く作製し
た。Embodiment 2 Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. This embodiment is a liquid crystal display device having a configuration similar to that of FIG. 1 presented in Embodiment 1 described above, and is basically different from Embodiment 1 in the liquid crystal of the phase difference control display element. . Then, the liquid crystal display device B according to the present embodiment was manufactured as follows.
【００２７】表示用液晶素子１０は下記のごとく作製し
た。まず、透明電極３、８を有する２枚のガラス基板
２、９上に日産化学工業製配向膜塗料ＳＥ−７４９２を
スピンコート法にて塗布し、恒温槽中１８０℃で１時間
硬化させる。その後、レーヨン製ラビング布を用いて図
５に示す方向にラビング処理を施し、積水ファインケミ
カル（株）製スペーサ５、およびストラクトボンド３５
２Ａ（三井東圧化学（株）製シール樹脂の商品名）を用
いて基板間隔が５μｍとなるように貼り合わせ、表示用
液晶セルを作製した。次に、液晶表示装置使用温度範囲
内で等方相を示し、電圧印加により分子が基板に配列す
る液晶として、メルク社製液晶ＺＬＩ−４７９２（ＮＩ
点＝９１℃、Δｎ＝０．０９４）を、真空注入法にて上
記の液晶セルに注入し表示用液晶素子１０とした。The display liquid crystal element 10 was manufactured as follows. First, an alignment film paint SE-7492 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries is applied on two glass substrates 2 and 9 having transparent electrodes 3 and 8 by a spin coating method, and cured at 180 ° C. for 1 hour in a thermostat. Thereafter, rubbing treatment is performed in the direction shown in FIG. 5 using a rubbing cloth made of rayon, and spacers 5 made by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
Using 2A (trade name of seal resin manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.), the substrates were bonded together so that the distance between the substrates was 5 μm, thereby producing a liquid crystal cell for display. Next, a liquid crystal ZLI-4792 (NI, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) is used as a liquid crystal which shows an isotropic phase within the operating temperature range of the liquid crystal display device and in which molecules are arranged on the substrate by applying voltage.
(Point = 91 ° C., Δn = 0.094) was injected into the above-mentioned liquid crystal cell by a vacuum injection method to obtain a display liquid crystal element 10.
【００２８】また、位相差制御用液晶素子１９は下記の
ごとく作製した。まず、透明電極１２、１７を有する２
枚のガラス基板１１、１８上に日産化学工業製配向膜塗
料ＳＥ−７４９２をスピンコート法にて塗布し、恒温槽
中１８０℃で１時間硬化させる。その後、レーヨン製ラ
ビング布を用いて図５に示す方向にラビング処理を施
し、積水ファインケミカル（株）製スペーサ１４、およ
びストラクトボンド３５２Ａ（三井東圧化学（株）製シ
ール樹脂の商品名）を用いて基板間隔が５μｍとなるよ
うに貼り合わせ、位相差制御用液晶セルを作製した。次
に、４−ペンチル−４’−シアノビフェニル（ＮＩ点＝
３５．５℃、Δｎ＝０．１８４）を、真空注入法にて上
記の液晶セルに注入し位相差制御用液晶セル１９とし
た。The phase difference controlling liquid crystal element 19 was manufactured as follows. First, 2 having transparent electrodes 12 and 17
An alignment film paint SE-7492 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. is applied onto the glass substrates 11 and 18 by spin coating, and cured at 180 ° C. for 1 hour in a thermostat. Thereafter, a rubbing treatment is performed using a rubbing cloth made of rayon in the direction shown in FIG. Then, the substrates were stuck together so that the distance between the substrates became 5 μm, thereby producing a liquid crystal cell for controlling a phase difference. Next, 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (NI point =
35.5 ° C., Δn = 0.184) was injected into the above-mentioned liquid crystal cell by a vacuum injection method to obtain a liquid crystal cell 19 for controlling a phase difference.
【００２９】その後、偏光板１、２０を図５の如く表示
用液晶素子光源側基板のラビング方向と偏光板１の偏光
軸方向とが一致するとともに、２枚の偏光板の偏光軸方
向がお互いに直交配置となるように液晶素子１０および
１９に貼合し、液晶表示装置Ｂを作製した。Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the polarizers 1 and 20 are aligned so that the rubbing direction of the display liquid crystal element light source side substrate and the polarization axis direction of the polarizer 1 coincide with each other. Were bonded to the liquid crystal elements 10 and 19 so that the liquid crystal display device B was orthogonally arranged.
【００３０】次に、定法に従い、本発明の液晶表示装置
Ｂの電圧−透過率特性を３８℃にて３０Ｈｚ矩形波を印
加しながら測定した。その結果を図６に示す。位相差制
御用液晶素子に５Ｖの電圧を印加した場合も電圧無印加
の場合もほぼ同一の電圧−透過率特性が得られた。Next, the voltage-transmittance characteristic of the liquid crystal display device B of the present invention was measured at 38 ° C. while applying a 30 Hz rectangular wave according to a conventional method. FIG. 6 shows the result. Approximately the same voltage-transmittance characteristics were obtained when a voltage of 5 V was applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element and when no voltage was applied.
【００３１】いま、表示用液晶素子に５Ｖを印加した時
の透過率と電圧無印加時の透過率との比をコントラスト
比と定義し、位相差制御用液晶素子に５Ｖの電圧を印加
した場合と電圧無印加の場合について、コントラスト比
の視野角依存性を測定した。その結果を図７に示す。図
中、実線は位相制御用素子に５Ｖを印加した場合の等コ
ントラスト曲線であり、破線は位相差制御用素子に電圧
を印加しない場合の等コントラスト曲線である。ここに
おいて、曲線で囲まれる領域は、コントラスト比が１
０：１以上の領域であり、階調反転の無い領域を表して
いる。Now, the ratio between the transmittance when 5 V is applied to the display liquid crystal element and the transmittance when no voltage is applied is defined as the contrast ratio, and when a voltage of 5 V is applied to the phase difference control liquid crystal element. And the case where no voltage was applied, the dependence of the contrast ratio on the viewing angle was measured. FIG. 7 shows the result. In the figure, the solid line is an isocontrast curve when 5 V is applied to the phase control element, and the broken line is an isocontrast curve when no voltage is applied to the phase difference control element. Here, the region surrounded by the curve has a contrast ratio of 1
It is a region of 0: 1 or more, and represents a region without gradation inversion.
【００３２】図７より明らかなように、本実施の形態の
液晶表示装置は位相差制御用液晶素子に印加する電圧の
有無により液晶表示装置の視野角特性を「広視角←→狭
視角」と切り換えることが可能であり、使用形態により
視野角特性を選択することができる。As is apparent from FIG. 7, the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment changes the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device from “wide viewing angle ← → narrow viewing angle” depending on the presence or absence of a voltage applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element. Switching is possible, and the viewing angle characteristic can be selected according to the usage pattern.
【００３３】本実施の形態における位相差制御用液晶素
子中の液晶分子は、ＮＩ点が３５．５℃であり通常使用
時の液晶表示素子温度である４０℃付近では等方相とな
っており、位相差制御用液晶素子に電圧が印加されてい
ない状態では、本位相差制御層は何ら光学的機能を有し
ないが、微少なクラスターとしての配向秩序度は残され
ているため電圧印加により液晶分子は基板面に垂直に配
列し光学的機能を示すようになる。そのため、液晶表示
装置を斜め方向から観察した場合には、位相差制御用液
晶素子の位相差のため充分なコントラストが得られない
ばかりか、中間調における階調反転や色相変化が著し
く、表示を認識することが極めて困難になる。The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal element for controlling a phase difference according to the present embodiment have an NI point of 35.5 ° C. and have an isotropic phase around 40 ° C., which is the liquid crystal display element temperature during normal use. When no voltage is applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element, the phase difference controlling layer has no optical function, but the orientation order as a minute cluster remains, so that the liquid crystal molecules are not applied by the voltage application. Are arranged perpendicular to the surface of the substrate and exhibit an optical function. Therefore, when the liquid crystal display device is observed from an oblique direction, not only a sufficient contrast cannot be obtained due to the phase difference of the liquid crystal element for controlling the phase difference, but also the gray scale inversion and the hue change in the halftone are remarkable, and the display is not displayed. It becomes extremely difficult to recognize.
【００３４】また視野角を狭化する程度は液晶材料の屈
折率異方性Δｎ、位相差制御層厚ｄ、およびＮＩ点を調
整することにより任意に変えることができる。The degree of narrowing the viewing angle can be arbitrarily changed by adjusting the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal material, the thickness d of the retardation control layer, and the NI point.
【００３５】なお、本実施の形態では、位相差制御用液
晶材料として４−ペンチル−４’−シアノビフェニルを
用いたが、何らこれに限定するものではなく、装置使用
時の温度で等方相を示し、かつ電圧印加により液晶分子
が基板面に垂直に配列しさえすれば他の材料でも適格で
ある。In this embodiment, 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl is used as the liquid crystal material for controlling the phase difference. However, the present invention is not limited to this. And other materials are also suitable as long as the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the substrate surface by applying a voltage.
【００３６】また、本実施の形態で用いた位相差制御用
液晶材料に、更にカイラル材料を添加しても同等の効果
が得られる。The same effect can be obtained by further adding a chiral material to the liquid crystal material for controlling a phase difference used in the present embodiment.
【００３７】さらに、本実施の形態では表示用素子とし
て捻れネマティック型（ＴＮ型）液晶表示素子を用い、
視野角制御のための位相差制御用素子として等方相液晶
を含む液晶素子を用いているが、広視角時の視野角特性
を更に改良する目的で位相板等の他の補償層を加えても
同等の効果が得られることは言うまでもない。Further, in the present embodiment, a twisted nematic (TN type) liquid crystal display element is used as a display element.
A liquid crystal element including isotropic liquid crystal is used as a phase difference control element for controlling a viewing angle, but another compensating layer such as a phase plate is added for the purpose of further improving the viewing angle characteristics at a wide viewing angle. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained.
【００３８】また、本実施の形態では位相差制御用液晶
素子としてホモジニアス配向液晶素子を用いたが、捻れ
配向を有する液晶素子およびランダム配向を示す液晶素
子でも同等の効果が確認された。In this embodiment, a homogeneously aligned liquid crystal element is used as a liquid crystal element for controlling a phase difference. However, the same effect was confirmed in a liquid crystal element having a twist alignment and a liquid crystal element exhibiting a random alignment.
【００３９】（実施の形態３）以下、本発明実施の形態
３における液晶表示装置について説明する。本実施の形
態は、上記の実施の形態１で提示した図１と同様の構成
を有する液晶表示装置であり、実施の形態１とは、位相
差制御用表示素子の液晶が基本的には異なる。そして本
実施の形態における液晶表示装置Ｃを下記の如く作製し
た。Embodiment 3 Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described. This embodiment is a liquid crystal display device having a configuration similar to that of FIG. 1 presented in Embodiment 1 described above, and is basically different from Embodiment 1 in the liquid crystal of the phase difference control display element. . Then, the liquid crystal display device C according to the present embodiment was manufactured as follows.
【００４０】表示用液晶素子１０は実施の形態１で作製
した表示用液晶素子を用いた。また、位相差制御用液晶
素子１９は下記のごとく作製した。The display liquid crystal element 10 used was the display liquid crystal element manufactured in the first embodiment. Further, the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element 19 was manufactured as follows.
【００４１】まず、透明電極１２、１７を有する２枚の
ガラス基板１１、１８上に日産化学工業製配向膜塗料Ｓ
Ｅ−７４９２をスピンコート法にて塗布し、恒温槽中１
８０℃で１時間硬化させる。その後、積水ファインケミ
カル（株）製スペーサ１４、およびストラクトボンド３
５２Ａ（三井東圧化学（株）製シール樹脂の商品名）を
用いて基板間隔が５μｍとなるように貼り合わせ、位相
差制御用液晶セルを作製した。次に、メルク社製液晶材
料ＺＬＩ−２４１１（ＮＩ点＝６５℃、Δｎ＝０．１４
０）を、真空注入法にて等方相状態で上記の液晶セルに
注入し位相差制御用液晶セル１９とした。First, an alignment film paint S manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries is placed on two glass substrates 11 and 18 having transparent electrodes 12 and 17.
E-7492 was applied by spin coating and placed in a thermostat.
Cure for 1 hour at 80 ° C. Then, Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. spacer 14 and Structbond 3
Using 52A (trade name of sealing resin manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.), the substrates were bonded together so that the distance between the substrates was 5 μm, thereby producing a liquid crystal cell for phase difference control. Next, a liquid crystal material ZLI-2411 manufactured by Merck (NI point = 65 ° C., Δn = 0.14)
0) was injected into the above liquid crystal cell in an isotropic phase state by a vacuum injection method to obtain a liquid crystal cell 19 for controlling a phase difference.
【００４２】その後、偏光板１、２０を図８の如く表示
用液晶素子光源側基板のラビング方向と偏光板１の偏光
軸方向とが４５度の角度をなすとともに、２枚の偏光板
の偏光軸方向がお互いに直交配置となるように液晶素子
１０および１９に貼合し、液晶表示装置Ｃを作製した。Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the polarizers 1 and 20 are oriented at a 45 degree angle between the rubbing direction of the display liquid crystal element light source side substrate and the polarization axis direction of the polarizer 1 and the polarization of the two polarizers. The liquid crystal display device C was manufactured by bonding the liquid crystal elements 10 and 19 so that the axial directions were orthogonal to each other.
【００４３】次に、定法に従い、本発明の液晶表示装置
Ｃの電圧−透過率特性を２５℃にて３０Ｈｚ矩形波を印
加しながら測定した。その結果は図３と同一であり、位
相差制御用液晶素子に１０Ｖの電圧を印加した場合も電
圧無印加の場合もほぼ同一の電圧−透過率特性が得られ
た。Next, the voltage-transmittance characteristic of the liquid crystal display device C of the present invention was measured at 25 ° C. while applying a 30 Hz rectangular wave according to a conventional method. The results were the same as those in FIG. 3, and almost the same voltage-transmittance characteristics were obtained when a voltage of 10 V was applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element and when no voltage was applied.
【００４４】いま、表示用液晶素子に５Ｖを印加した時
の透過率と電圧無印加時の透過率との比をコントラスト
比と定義し、位相差制御用液晶素子に１０Ｖの電圧を印
加した場合と電圧無印加の場合について、コントラスト
比の視野角依存性を測定した。その結果を図９に示す。
図中、実線は位相制御用素子に１０Ｖを印加した場合の
等コントラスト曲線であり、破線は位相差制御用素子に
電圧を印加しない場合の等コントラスト曲線である。こ
こにおいて、曲線で囲まれる領域は、コントラスト比が
１０：１以上の領域であり、階調反転の無い領域を表し
ている。Now, the ratio of the transmittance when 5 V is applied to the display liquid crystal element to the transmittance when no voltage is applied is defined as a contrast ratio, and when a voltage of 10 V is applied to the phase difference control liquid crystal element. And the case where no voltage was applied, the dependence of the contrast ratio on the viewing angle was measured. FIG. 9 shows the result.
In the figure, the solid line is an isocontrast curve when 10 V is applied to the phase control element, and the broken line is an isocontrast curve when no voltage is applied to the phase difference control element. Here, the region surrounded by the curve is a region where the contrast ratio is 10: 1 or more, and represents a region without gradation inversion.
【００４５】図９より明らかなように、本実施の形態の
液晶表示装置は位相差制御用液晶素子に印加する電圧の
有無により液晶表示装置の視野角特性を「広視角←→狭
視角」と切り換えることが可能である。また、位相差制
御用液晶素子への印加電圧を制御することにより液晶表
示装置の視野角特性を制御出来ることが確認された。As is clear from FIG. 9, the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment changes the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device from “wide viewing angle ← → narrow viewing angle” depending on the presence or absence of a voltage applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element. It is possible to switch. In addition, it was confirmed that the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device can be controlled by controlling the voltage applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element.
【００４６】また、本実施の形態における位相差制御用
液晶素子基板では何ら配向処理を施していないため、素
子中の液晶分子はほぼランダムに配向しており本位相差
制御層は何ら光学的機能を有しないが、電圧印加により
液晶分子は基板面に垂直に配列し光学的機能を示すよう
になる。In the liquid crystal element substrate for phase difference control according to the present embodiment, no alignment treatment is performed, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the element are almost randomly oriented, and the phase difference control layer has no optical function. Although not provided, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged perpendicular to the substrate surface by applying a voltage, and exhibit an optical function.
【００４７】なお、位相差制御用液晶材料としては、電
圧印加により液晶分子が基板面に垂直に配列する材料が
適格であり、本実施の形態に用いた液晶材料に限定する
ものではない。As the liquid crystal material for controlling the phase difference, a material in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged perpendicular to the substrate surface by applying a voltage is suitable, and is not limited to the liquid crystal material used in the present embodiment.
【００４８】また、本実施の形態で用いた位相差制御用
液晶材料に、更にカイラル材料を添加しても同等の効果
が得られる。The same effect can be obtained by adding a chiral material to the liquid crystal material for controlling phase difference used in the present embodiment.
【００４９】以上本発明の液晶表示装置について、説明
を行ったが、上記の実施の形態では透過型表示装置での
実施形態を示したが、反射型表示装置に適用することも
可能である。また、本発明はＴＦＴ、ＭＩＭなどのアク
ティブマトリクス方式の液晶表示装置にも適用可能なこ
とは言うまでもない。The liquid crystal display device of the present invention has been described above. In the above embodiment, an embodiment using a transmissive display device has been described. However, the present invention can be applied to a reflective display device. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied to an active matrix type liquid crystal display device such as a TFT or MIM.
【００５０】[0050]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によれば、液晶表示
装置の使用形態により任意に広視野角特性と狭視野角特
性とを切り換えることが出来、デモンストレーション用
途とプライベート用途、あるいは公開性と秘匿性とを両
立させることが出来る。As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to arbitrarily switch between the wide viewing angle characteristic and the narrow viewing angle characteristic depending on the use mode of the liquid crystal display device. Both confidentiality can be achieved.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態における液晶表示装置の概
略を示す断面図FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の実施の形態１における液晶表示装置の
各光学要素の配置方向を示す図FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement direction of each optical element of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の実施の形態１における液晶表示装置の
電圧−透過率特性を示す図FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a voltage-transmittance characteristic of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の実施の形態１における液晶表示装置の
視野角特性を示す図FIG. 4 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の実施の形態２における液晶表示装置の
各光学要素の配置方向を示す図FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement direction of each optical element of the liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の実施の形態２における液晶表示装置の
電圧−透過率特性を示す図FIG. 6 is a diagram showing voltage-transmittance characteristics of a liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の実施の形態２における液晶表示装置の
視野角特性を示す図FIG. 7 is a view showing viewing angle characteristics of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
【図８】本発明の実施の形態３における液晶表示装置の
各光学要素の配置方向を示す図FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an arrangement direction of each optical element of a liquid crystal display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図９】本発明の実施の形態３における液晶表示装置の
視野角特性を示す図FIG. 9 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
１，２０ 偏光板 ２，９，１１，１８ ガラス基板 ３，８，１２，１７ 透明電極 ４，７，１３，１６ 配向膜 ５，１４ スペーサ ６，１５ 液晶層 １０ 表示用液晶素子 １９ 位相差制御用液晶素子 1,20 polarizing plate 2,9,11,18 glass substrate 3,8,12,17 transparent electrode 4,7,13,16 alignment film 5,14 spacer 6,15 liquid crystal layer 10 display liquid crystal element 19 phase difference control Liquid crystal element
Claims (8)
を有する液晶表示装置であって、前記位相差制御用液晶
素子が、プレーナ配向をしているコレステリック液晶ま
たはカイラルネマティック液晶を内面に電極を有する基
板間に挟持していることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。1. A liquid crystal display device having a display liquid crystal element and a phase difference control liquid crystal element, wherein the phase difference control liquid crystal element has a planar cholesteric liquid crystal or a chiral nematic liquid crystal on its inner surface. A liquid crystal display device sandwiched between substrates having:
を有する液晶表示装置であって、前記位相差制御用液晶
素子が、前記液晶表示装置使用時に等方性であり電圧印
加により垂直配向するネマティック液晶を内面に電極を
有する基板間に挟持していることを特徴とする液晶表示
装置。2. A liquid crystal display device having a display liquid crystal element and a phase difference control liquid crystal element, wherein the phase difference control liquid crystal element is isotropic when the liquid crystal display device is used, and is vertically aligned by applying a voltage. A liquid crystal display device, wherein a nematic liquid crystal is sandwiched between substrates having electrodes on an inner surface thereof.
を有する液晶表示装置であって、前記位相差制御用液晶
素子が、ランダム配向をしているネマティック液晶を内
面に電極を有する基板間に挟持していることを特徴とす
る液晶表示装置。3. A liquid crystal display device having a display liquid crystal element and a phase difference control liquid crystal element, wherein the phase difference control liquid crystal element is formed of a nematic liquid crystal having a random alignment between substrates having electrodes on an inner surface thereof. A liquid crystal display device characterized by being sandwiched between them.
御することにより、液晶表示装置の視野角特性を制御す
ることを特徴とする請求項１〜３いずれかに記載の液晶
表示装置。4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal display device is controlled by controlling a voltage applied to the phase difference controlling liquid crystal element.
方の基板界面において、電圧無印加状態でほぼ垂直配向
していることを特徴とする請求項１〜３いずれかに記載
の液晶表示装置。5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal in the display liquid crystal element is substantially vertically aligned at least at one of the substrate interfaces without applying a voltage. .
で素子中央部の液晶がほぼ垂直配向していることを特徴
とする請求項１〜３いずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal in the display liquid crystal element has a liquid crystal substantially vertically aligned at a central portion of the element when a voltage is applied.
素子であることを特徴とする請求項１〜３いずれかに記
載の液晶表示装置。7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the display liquid crystal element is a twisted nematic liquid crystal element.
とする請求項１〜７いずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device has a compensation layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34746897A JP3322197B2 (en) | 1997-12-17 | 1997-12-17 | Liquid crystal display |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34746897A JP3322197B2 (en) | 1997-12-17 | 1997-12-17 | Liquid crystal display |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11174489A true JPH11174489A (en) | 1999-07-02 |
| JP3322197B2 JP3322197B2 (en) | 2002-09-09 |
Family
ID=18390434
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34746897A Expired - Fee Related JP3322197B2 (en) | 1997-12-17 | 1997-12-17 | Liquid crystal display |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3322197B2 (en) |
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|---|---|
| JP3322197B2 (en) | 2002-09-09 |
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