JPH09160042A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09160042A JPH09160042A JP32030095A JP32030095A JPH09160042A JP H09160042 A JPH09160042 A JP H09160042A JP 32030095 A JP32030095 A JP 32030095A JP 32030095 A JP32030095 A JP 32030095A JP H09160042 A JPH09160042 A JP H09160042A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- display element
- scalar
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は，液晶表示素子に関
する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、薄型軽量、低消費電力という大き
な利点を持つ液晶表示素子は、日本語ワ−ドプロセッサ
やディスクトップパ−ソナルコンピュ−タ−等のパ−ソ
ナルＯＡ機器の表示装置として積極的に用いられてい
る。液晶表示素子（以下ＬＣＤと略称）の殆どは、ネマ
ティック液晶を用いており、表示方式としては、複屈折
モ−ドと旋光モ−ドの２つの方式に大別できる。 捩じ
れネマティック液晶を用いた複屈折モ−ドの表示方式の
ＬＣＤは、例えば、１８０゜以上捩じれた分子配列から
なるＬＣＤ（ＳＴ方式と呼ばれる）であり、急峻な電気
光学特性を持つため、各画素ごとにスイッチング素子
（薄膜トランジスタやダイオ−ド）が無くても時分割駆
動により容易に大容量表示が得られる。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, liquid crystal display elements having the great advantages of thinness, light weight, and low power consumption have been used as display devices for personal OA equipment such as Japanese word processors and disk top personal computers. It is actively used. Most of the liquid crystal display elements (hereinafter abbreviated as LCD) use nematic liquid crystal, and the display system can be roughly classified into two systems, a birefringence mode and an optical rotation mode. An LCD of a birefringence mode display method using a twisted nematic liquid crystal is, for example, an LCD (called an ST method) having a molecular arrangement twisted by 180 ° or more, and has steep electro-optical characteristics. Even if there is no switching element (thin film transistor or diode), a large capacity display can be easily obtained by time-division driving.
【０００３】しかしながら前述したＳＴ方式は応答そく
どが数百ミリ秒と遅く、また視角特性も狭いので高い表
示性能を必要とする応用製品には適さない。However, the above-mentioned ST method is not suitable for application products which require high display performance because the response throat is as slow as several hundred milliseconds and the viewing angle characteristics are narrow.
【０００４】一方、旋光モ−ドのＬＣＤは９０゜捩じれ
た分子配列をもち（ＴＮ方式と呼ばれる）、高いコント
ラスト比を示すことから、時計や電卓、さらにはスイッ
チング素子を各画素ごとに設けることにより大表示容量
で高コントラストな高い表示性能を持ったＬＣＤ（たと
えばＴＦＴ−ＬＣＤ）を実現することができる。On the other hand, since the LCD of the optical rotation mode has a molecular arrangement twisted by 90 ° (called the TN system) and exhibits a high contrast ratio, a clock, a calculator and a switching element are provided for each pixel. Thus, it is possible to realize an LCD (for example, TFT-LCD) having a large display capacity and high contrast and high display performance.
【０００５】近年、このＴＮ方式のＴＦＴ−ＬＣＤは階
調表示を行っているが、斜めから観察した場合には表示
の反転や黒つぶれ、白抜けといった現象が生じる。よっ
て、視角特性は極めて狭い。 また、このＴＮ方式のＴ
ＦＴ−ＬＣＤは高品位化に伴い、デスクトップモニタ等
大型でかつ極めて高精細な応用製品にも用いられるよう
になった。こうした分野や、高品位のＴＶ用途に応用す
る場合、極めて早い応答速度が必要になるが、前記ＴＮ
方式は階調表示を行った場合、パタ−ン書き替えに要す
る応答時間は最大１００ミリ秒と遅い。In recent years, this TN type TFT-LCD performs gradation display, but when observed obliquely, such phenomena as display reversal, blackout, and blank areas occur. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristic is extremely narrow. In addition, the T of this TN method
FT-LCDs have come to be used for large-sized and extremely high-definition application products such as desktop monitors as the quality has been improved. When applied to such fields and high-definition TV applications, extremely fast response speed is required.
In the method, when gradation display is performed, the response time required for pattern rewriting is as slow as 100 milliseconds at maximum.
【０００６】また、このＴＮ方式は高いコントラスト特
性を得るには、動作電圧が４〜５ｖ必要であり、消費電
力は高い。Further, in order to obtain high contrast characteristics, this TN method requires an operating voltage of 4 to 5 V and consumes high power.
【０００７】前述したＴＮ方式の視角特性を改善する手
段として、一画素内に液晶分子の起き上がる方向（プレ
チルト方向）が１８０゜異なる二領域を設けた液晶表示
素子を用いて視角依存性を改善する方法（Two Domain
ＴＮ：ＴＤＴＮと略称 例えば、特開昭６４−８８５２
０）や、スプレイ配列を用い、ＴＤＴＮと同様の効果を
得るDomain Divided ＴＮ（ＤＤＴＮと略称 Y.Koike,e
t.al.,1992,SID,p798)などが提案されている。これら
は、前述した印加電圧−透過率特性の視角依存性が異な
る二領域を一画素として、前述した極値を事実上なくす
ことを目的としている。As a means for improving the viewing angle characteristics of the above-mentioned TN method, the viewing angle dependence is improved by using a liquid crystal display element in which two regions in which one liquid crystal molecule rising direction (pretilt direction) is different by 180 ° are provided in one pixel. Method (Two Domain
TN: Abbreviated as TDTN For example, JP-A-64-8852
0) and Domain Divided TN (DDTN abbreviated as Y.Koike, e) that achieves the same effect as TDTN by using a spray arrangement.
t.al., 1992, SID, p798) and the like have been proposed. The purpose of these is to effectively eliminate the above-mentioned extreme value by defining two regions having different viewing angle dependences of the applied voltage-transmittance characteristic as one pixel.
【０００８】しかしながら、これらの手法は、微細な領
域内でプレチルト方向を変えるためにレジストをパタ−
ニングしてラビングしたり、微細な領域内で２種の配向
膜（表面状態や材料）を形成するためにパタ−ニングや
マスク露光をしたり、と従来のＴＮ方式の工程より工程
数が増え、著しくコスト高となるため、実用的でない。However, in these methods, the resist is patterned in order to change the pretilt direction in a fine region.
The number of processes is increased compared to the conventional TN process, such as patterning and rubbing, patterning and mask exposure to form two kinds of alignment films (surface condition and material) in a fine area. It is not practical because the cost will be significantly high.
【０００９】また、ある程度の視角範囲では前述した極
値をなくすことができるが、視角特性は視角依存性が異
なる二領域の個々の特性の平均の特性であり、視角方向
によっては極致をなくすことができない。また、コント
ラストについては、悪い特性と良い特性を平均化するの
で、平均的な特性となってしまい良い特性単体よりもコ
ントラストが低下してしまう。また、応答速度について
は従来のＴＮ方式と変わりない。Further, although the above-described extreme value can be eliminated in a certain viewing angle range, the viewing angle characteristic is an average characteristic of the individual characteristics of the two regions having different viewing angle dependences, and it should be eliminated depending on the viewing angle direction. I can't. As for the contrast, since the bad characteristic and the good characteristic are averaged, the average characteristic is obtained, and the contrast is lower than that of the good characteristic alone. The response speed is the same as that of the conventional TN method.
【００１０】これに対し、ヤマグチ（Ｙ．Ｙａｍａｇｕ
ｃｈｉ）らは、ツイストしていないスプレイ配列のネマ
ティック液晶層に電圧を印加して、ベント配列としてこ
のベント配列を維持する印加電圧範囲内で液晶分子のチ
ルト状態を印加電圧値により制御し、液晶層における位
相差を電圧により制御する複屈折効果型の液晶表示モ−
ド：ＯＣＢモ−ド（Ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｌｙ Ｃｏｍｐｅｎ
ｓａｔｅｄ Ｂｉｒｅｆｒｉｎｇｅｎｃｅ ｍｏｄｅ）
を提案している（Ｙ．Ｙａｍａｇｕｃｈｉ，ｅｔａｌ．
ＳＩＤ９３ ＤＩＧＥＳＴ，ｐｐ２７７−２８０）。ま
た、Ｐ．Ｂｏｓらも同様の液晶表示モ−ドを提案してい
る（Ｐ．Ｂｏｓ，ｅｔａｌ．ＳＩＤ´８３ ＤＩＧＥＳ
Ｔ，ｐｐ３０−３１）。On the other hand, Yamaguchi (Y. Yamagu)
chi) et al. apply a voltage to the nematic liquid crystal layer of the splay alignment that is not twisted, and control the tilt state of the liquid crystal molecules by the applied voltage value within the applied voltage range that maintains this bent alignment as a bent alignment. Birefringence effect type liquid crystal display mode in which phase difference in layers is controlled by voltage
De: OCB mode (Optically Compen
sated Birefringence mode)
(Y. Yamaguchi, et al.
SID93 DIGEST, pp 277-280). Also, P.I. Bos et al. Have also proposed a similar liquid crystal display mode (P. Bos, et al. SID'83 DIGES.
T, pp30-31).
【００１１】このＯＣＢモ−ドの基本的構成を図２に示
す。これらの表示モ−ドの液晶分子７−１の配列は、液
晶層７の上半分、下半分が常時対称なベント配列形状と
なっていることが特徴である。従って図２に示すＸ方位
（左右方位）に視角（観察角度）を傾けても、その視角
特性は対称となる。さらに、２軸の位相差板８を配置す
ることにより、ある電圧状態にて、前記液晶層７と前記
２軸の位相差板８の屈折率楕円体が球となり（つまり３
次元的に屈折率異方性が無い光学媒体となること）、こ
の状態からＸ方位に位相差を発生させることにより、種
々の視角において位相差が０から２分の１波長まで変化
する電圧制御が可能となり、前述した視角依存性が殆ど
ない表示モ−ドとなっている。The basic structure of this OCB mode is shown in FIG. The arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules 7-1 in these display modes is characterized in that the upper half and the lower half of the liquid crystal layer 7 are always in a symmetrical bent arrangement. Therefore, even if the viewing angle (observation angle) is tilted to the X direction (horizontal direction) shown in FIG. 2, the viewing angle characteristic becomes symmetrical. Furthermore, by disposing the biaxial retardation plate 8, the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystal layer 7 and the biaxial retardation plate 8 becomes a sphere (that is, 3
An optical medium having no dimensional anisotropy in refractive index), and a voltage control in which the phase difference changes from 0 to ½ wavelength at various viewing angles by generating a phase difference in the X direction from this state. The display mode has almost no dependence on the viewing angle described above.
【００１２】このようにＯＣＢモ−ドは、前述した階調
性能、コントラスト性能の視角特性の点では優れてい
る。しかしながら、前記ＯＣＢモ−ドは、液晶分子配列
をスプレイ配列（電圧無印加状態）から、電圧印加によ
りベント配列に転移させる必要があり、これには強いエ
ネルギ−が必要で、実際には（転移後の）駆動電圧以上
の電圧を印加する必要があった。大容量で高精細な表示
を行う場合、ＴＦＴが必要となるが、このＴＦＴ素子で
は印加できない電圧であり、前記ＯＣＢモ−ドは大容量
で高精細な表示には実用できなかった。また、転移に要
する時間は１分以上も掛り、ディスプレイを立ち上げて
から表示が出るまで、まるで真空管を用いたＣＲＴディ
スプレイのように時間が掛る。As described above, the OCB mode is excellent in terms of the viewing angle characteristics of the gradation performance and the contrast performance described above. However, in the OCB mode, it is necessary to transfer the liquid crystal molecule array from the splay array (no voltage applied state) to the bent array by applying a voltage, which requires strong energy, and in fact It was necessary to apply a voltage higher than the driving voltage (after). Although a TFT is required for high-capacity and high-definition display, the voltage cannot be applied by this TFT element, and the OCB mode cannot be used for high-capacity and high-definition display. In addition, the time required for the transfer takes one minute or more, and it takes time from when the display is started to when the display is displayed, like a CRT display using a vacuum tube.
【００１３】また、前記ＯＣＢモ−ドは、ベント配列を
維持する（スプレイ配列への転移を防止する）必要があ
り、このためにはある程度の電圧を常時全変調部に印加
しておく必要がある。素子の駆動電圧を少しでも低くす
るためには、前記ベント配列を維持する電圧を駆動電圧
範囲の下限とする必要がある。この場合、この印加電圧
においてベント配列が安定して維持される必要がある。
しかしながら、ベント配列が安定して維持される印加電
圧は、およそ２．５Ｖと高く、結果的に駆動電圧は高い
ものとなっていた。Further, the OCB mode needs to maintain the vent arrangement (prevents the transition to the spray arrangement), and for this purpose, it is necessary to constantly apply a certain voltage to all the modulation sections. is there. In order to lower the driving voltage of the device as much as possible, it is necessary to set the voltage for maintaining the vent arrangement as the lower limit of the driving voltage range. In this case, the bent arrangement needs to be stably maintained at this applied voltage.
However, the applied voltage with which the vent arrangement is stably maintained is as high as about 2.5 V, and as a result, the drive voltage is high.
【００１４】また、十分なコントラストを得るには動作
電圧として５〜８ｖも必要であり、消費電力は極めて高
い。Further, in order to obtain a sufficient contrast, an operating voltage of 5 to 8 V is required, and the power consumption is extremely high.
【００１５】また、高温状態では液晶相のリタデ−ショ
ンが変化するので表示特性が悪化するといった温度特性
の問題もある。また、生産上、上下基板のプレチルト角
を感ぜんに対称に制御する必要があり、面内におけるプ
レチルト角むらのマ−ジンが狭い。よって歩留まりが低
いといった問題もある。Further, there is also a problem of temperature characteristics that the retardation of the liquid crystal phase changes at high temperature and the display characteristics deteriorate. In addition, in production, it is necessary to control the pretilt angles of the upper and lower substrates in a symmetrical manner, and the margin of uneven pretilt angle in the plane is narrow. Therefore, there is also a problem that the yield is low.
【００１６】これに対し、大江らは一方に基板に基板平
面方向に電界が印加できる電極を形成し、液晶分子の配
列方向を基板平面方向において変化させるＩｎ−ｐｌａ
ｎｅモ−ドを改良し、単純な電極構造からなるＴＦＴア
レイ及びＳＳＦＬＣのように４５゜の分子配列変化とし
たＴＦＴ−ＬＣＤを提案した(M,Oh-e,et.al."Principle
s and Characteristics of Electro-Optical Behaviour
In-Plane SwitchingMode",ASIA DISPLAY '95 DIGEST P
APER p577-580,1995) ：ＩＰＳモ−ド。On the other hand, Oe et al. Formed an In-Pla on one side of which an electrode capable of applying an electric field in the substrate plane direction was formed to change the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in the substrate plane direction.
By improving the ne mode, we have proposed a TFT array consisting of a simple electrode structure and a TFT-LCD with a 45 ° molecular arrangement change like SSFLC (M, Oh-e, et.al. "Principle
s and Characteristics of Electro-Optical Behavior
In-Plane Switching Mode ", ASIA DISPLAY '95 DIGEST P
APER p577-580, 1995): IPS mode.
【００１７】このＩＰＳモ−ドは、ＳＳＦＬＣ同様、基
板平面方向に液晶分子配列方向を変化させ、リタ−デ−
ションの生じる光軸を電界により制御するものなので前
述した階調表示性能やコントラスト性能の視角特性は極
めて広い。しかしながら、液晶分子の配向規制力（アン
カリング）の影響を強く受けるため応答速度は遅い。ま
た、動作電圧も７ｖと高く消費電力は極めて高い。ま
た、原理的に電極上の液晶分子を変化させることができ
ないので電極上の光偏重は不可能であり、電極は遮光性
のある金属を用いざる終えない。よってＴＦＴ−ＬＣＤ
としては開口率が低くなり、表示輝度は極めて暗くな
る。This IPS mode, like SSFLC, changes the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in the plane direction of the substrate, and the retarder
Since the optical axis causing the distortion is controlled by the electric field, the viewing angle characteristics of the gradation display performance and the contrast performance described above are extremely wide. However, the response speed is slow because it is strongly influenced by the alignment regulating force (anchoring) of the liquid crystal molecules. Moreover, the operating voltage is as high as 7 V and the power consumption is extremely high. Further, in principle, liquid crystal molecules on the electrodes cannot be changed, so that the light cannot be deviated on the electrodes, and the electrodes must be made of a light-shielding metal. Therefore, TFT-LCD
As a result, the aperture ratio becomes low and the display brightness becomes extremely dark.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前述したように、従来
の表示モ−ドは、視角特性、応答速度、駆動電圧（消費
電力）、表示輝度、温度特性等の問題があり、これらを
全て満足するＬＣＤはなかった。As described above, the conventional display mode has problems such as viewing angle characteristics, response speed, driving voltage (power consumption), display brightness, temperature characteristics, etc., all of which are satisfied. There was no LCD to do.
【００１９】本発明は、こうした従来の表示モ−ドの問
題点を解決し、極めて優れた品位をえる新規な表示モ−
ドの構成を提案することを目的とする。The present invention solves the problems of the conventional display mode, and provides a novel display mode with an extremely high quality.
The purpose is to propose a configuration of code.
【００２０】[0020]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、２枚の偏光間
に複数の画素を形成する電極をそれぞれ有する２枚の基
板間に液晶層を挟持してなる液晶表示素子において、前
記両基板の電極が画素毎に、微細な領域を単位とした導
電体部と非導電体部からなり、前記両基板電極の素子法
線方向での断面形状を見た時、一方の基板のみに導電体
部を有する幅ＲＥ、及び他方の基板のみに導電体部を有
する幅ＦＥ、両基板とも非導電体部である幅ＳＳが順
に、ＲＥ・ＳＳ・ＦＥ・ＳＳ・ＲＥ・ＳＳ・ＦＥ・ＳＳ
・……とＳＳを挟んでＲＥとＦＥが交互に配置される断
面形状となっており、かつ少なくとも各画素毎にＲＥ、
ＦＥそれぞれが画素のどこかで電気的にひとつにつなが
った電極構造からなり、前記液晶層に斜め電界を印加で
きる構造としたことを特徴とする液晶表示素子である。
非導電体部とは、導電体部間の間隙または隣接部分また
は同間隙及び隣接部分に、図２に示すような周期的な斜
め電界が液晶層に印加でき、液晶層全体を厚み方向に対
しても、面内方向に対しても、また、電極上の液晶分子
に対しても容易に電界が印加される。The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between two substrates each having electrodes for forming a plurality of pixels between two polarized lights. Electrode of each pixel is composed of a conductor portion and a non-conductor portion in a unit of a fine area, and when the cross-sectional shape of the both substrate electrodes in the element normal direction is seen, the conductor is formed only on one substrate. The width RE having a portion, the width FE having a conductor portion only on the other substrate, and the width SS which is a non-conductor portion on both substrates are in order RE, SS, FE, SS, RE, SS, FE, SS.
······ and SS and RE and FE are alternately arranged, and at least each pixel has RE,
A liquid crystal display device is characterized in that each FE has an electrode structure electrically connected to one another at somewhere in a pixel, and has a structure capable of applying an oblique electric field to the liquid crystal layer.
The non-conductor portion means that a periodic oblique electric field as shown in FIG. 2 can be applied to the liquid crystal layer in the gap between the conductor portions or in the adjacent portion or in the gap and the adjacent portion, and the entire liquid crystal layer with respect to the thickness direction. However, the electric field is easily applied to the in-plane direction and to the liquid crystal molecules on the electrodes.
【００２１】２枚の偏光板間に前記液晶セルを挟持し、
前述した従来の表示モ−ド同様、偏光を制御し、入射し
た光の透過／吸収を制御するようにしているので直視型
の液晶表示素子となる。The liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between two polarizing plates,
Similar to the conventional display mode described above, since the polarization is controlled and the transmission / absorption of the incident light is controlled, the liquid crystal display device is a direct-view type.
【００２２】本発明に用いる液晶セルは特願平０６−１
２１６３４号に示される液晶表示素子同様斜め電界を印
加できる液晶セルを用いるものである。しかしながら、
特願平０６−１２１６３４号に示される液晶表示素子は
セルに偏光を入射させる手段は有するものの、検光子は
設けていない。つまり、偏光板を２枚用いた構成でな
い。これに対し本発明は液晶セルを２枚の偏光板間に挟
持した構成としている。これは、前記特願平０６−１２
１６３４号に示される液晶表示素子は直視型ではなく投
影型用に液晶表示素子にて入射した光の透過／散乱を制
御するものであり、構成上も機能上も異なるものであ
る。また、本発明は前述したように入射した光の透過／
吸収を制御するものであり、本発明の目的に特に適した
諸条件は、後述するように前記特願平０６−１２１６３
４号とは異なっている。The liquid crystal cell used in the present invention is Japanese Patent Application No. 06-1.
Like the liquid crystal display device shown in No. 21634, a liquid crystal cell capable of applying an oblique electric field is used. However,
The liquid crystal display element shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 06-121634 has a means for allowing polarized light to enter the cell, but does not have an analyzer. That is, it is not a configuration using two polarizing plates. On the other hand, in the present invention, the liquid crystal cell is sandwiched between two polarizing plates. This is the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 06-12
The liquid crystal display element shown in No. 1634 controls the transmission / scattering of light incident on the liquid crystal display element for the projection type, not the direct-viewing type, and has different configurations and functions. Further, the present invention, as described above, transmits / transmits incident light.
Various conditions that control absorption and are particularly suitable for the purpose of the present invention are described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 06-12163.
It is different from No. 4.
【００２３】さらに前記電極の少なくとも一部がＩＴ
Ｏ、ＳｎＯｘなどからなる透明電極とすれば、電極上で
変化する液晶分子配列も表示に有効活用できるようにな
り、実用上の開口率は向上する。Further, at least a part of the electrodes is IT.
If a transparent electrode made of O, SnOx, or the like is used, the liquid crystal molecule arrangement that changes on the electrode can be effectively used for display, and the practical aperture ratio is improved.
【００２４】具体的な一つの実施形態として、前記液晶
層が正の誘電異方性からなるネマティック液晶組成物を
用い、前記ネマティック液晶組成物は、前記液晶表示素
子に電圧を印加しない状態において、液晶表示素子平面
と略平行かつ、液晶表示素子平面での方位が一様である
分子配列であり、隣接する前記ＦＥ，ＲＥ間に印加でき
る斜め電界の液晶表示素子平面での方位（スカラ−Ｅ）
と液晶分子の液晶表示素子平面での方位（スカラ−Ｌ
Ｃ）のなす角θが、４５゜乃至９０゜である液晶表示素
子とする。As one specific embodiment, a nematic liquid crystal composition in which the liquid crystal layer has a positive dielectric anisotropy is used, and the nematic liquid crystal composition is used in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device. The molecular arrangement is substantially parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element and has a uniform orientation in the plane of the liquid crystal display element, and the orientation in the plane of the liquid crystal display element of the oblique electric field that can be applied between the adjacent FE and RE (scalar-E )
And the orientation of liquid crystal molecules on the liquid crystal display element plane (scalar-L
The liquid crystal display element has an angle θ formed by C) of 45 ° to 90 °.
【００２５】また、前記スカラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのな
す角θが、４５゜乃至６０゜であることを特徴とする液
晶表示素子。Further, the liquid crystal display element is characterized in that an angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 45 ° to 60 °.
【００２６】また、前記スカラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのな
す角θが、８０゜乃至９０゜の時、前記液晶表示素子に
電圧を印加しない状態において前記液晶分子配列が、チ
ルトを有するユニフォ−ム配列であり、前記スカラ−Ｅ
とスカラ−ＬＣのなす角θが、４５゜乃至８０゜未満の
時、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態において
前記液晶分子配列が、スプレイ配列もしくはチルトを有
さない（前記液晶表示素子平面に平行である）ユニフォ
−ム配列からなり、前記電極構造により得られる斜め電
界及び前記液晶分子配列により、前記液晶表示素子に電
圧を印加した状態における液晶分子の捩じれ方向が規定
された液晶表示素子である。When the angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 80 ° to 90 °, the uniform alignment of the liquid crystal molecules has a tilt in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. An array, the scalar-E
When the angle θ formed by the scalar SC and the LC is less than 45 ° to less than 80 °, the liquid crystal molecule alignment does not have a splay alignment or tilt in a state in which no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device (the liquid crystal display device plane). A liquid crystal display element in which the twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules in a state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element is defined by an oblique electric field and the liquid crystal molecule arrangement obtained by the electrode structure. Is.
【００２７】また、前記液晶層が負の誘電異方性からな
るネマティック液晶組成物からなり、前記ネマティック
液晶組成物は、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状
態において、液晶表示素子平面と略平行かつ、液晶表示
素子平面での方位が一様である分子配列であり、隣接す
る前記ＦＥ，ＲＥ間に印加できる斜め電界の液晶表示素
子平面での方位（スカラ−Ｅ）と液晶分子の液晶表示素
子平面での方位（スカラ−ＬＣ）のなす角θが、０゜乃
至４５゜である液晶表示素子。Further, the liquid crystal layer is made of a nematic liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and the nematic liquid crystal composition is substantially parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. In addition, the orientation of molecules is such that the orientation is uniform in the plane of the liquid crystal display element, and the orientation (scalar E) in the plane of the liquid crystal display element of an oblique electric field that can be applied between the adjacent FE and RE and the liquid crystal display of the liquid crystal molecules A liquid crystal display device in which an angle θ formed by an azimuth (scalar-LC) on the device plane is 0 ° to 45 °.
【００２８】また、前記スカラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのな
す角θが、３０゜乃至４５゜である液晶表示素子。A liquid crystal display device in which an angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 30 ° to 45 °.
【００２９】さらには、前記スカラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣ
のなす角θが、０゜乃至１０゜未満の時、前記液晶表示
素子に電圧を印加しない状態において前記液晶分子配列
が、スプレイ配列もしくはチルトを有さない（前記液晶
表示素子平面に平行である）ユニフォ−ム配列からな
り、前記スカラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのなす角θが、１０
゜乃至４５゜の時、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しな
い状態において前記液晶分子配列が、チルトを有するユ
ニフォ−ム配列であり、前記電極構造により得られる斜
め電界及び前記液晶分子配列により、前記液晶表示素子
に電圧を印加した状態における液晶分子の捩じれ方向が
規定された液晶表示素子。Furthermore, the above-mentioned SCARA-E and SCARA-LC
When the angle θ formed by is less than 0 ° to less than 10 °, the liquid crystal molecule alignment does not have a splay alignment or tilt (parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display device) in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device. ) It is composed of a uniform array, and the angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 10
When the angle is between 45 ° and 45 °, the liquid crystal molecule array is a uniform array having a tilt in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element, and the oblique electric field and the liquid crystal molecule array obtained by the electrode structure cause A liquid crystal display device in which the twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules is defined when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device.
【００３０】前記ＦＥ，ＲＥ間に電圧を印加すれば、図
１に示すような斜め電界が形成され、液晶分子配列は液
晶表示素子平面において電界方位に並ぼうとするため、
電圧を印加しない状態と比較して液晶表示素子平面での
方位を４５゜以上変化させることができる。前記液晶表
示素子の電圧を印加しない状態での位相差を０より大と
しておけば２枚の偏光器により入射した光の透過／吸収
を制御できる。When a voltage is applied between the FE and RE, an oblique electric field as shown in FIG. 1 is formed, and the liquid crystal molecule array tends to be aligned with the electric field direction in the plane of the liquid crystal display element.
It is possible to change the azimuth on the plane of the liquid crystal display element by 45 ° or more as compared with the state in which no voltage is applied. If the phase difference of the liquid crystal display device in the state where no voltage is applied is set to be larger than 0, the transmission / absorption of the incident light can be controlled by the two polarizers.
【００３１】図１（ａ）、（ｃ）に示すように本発明の
液晶表示素子は液晶セル（液晶層７）を２枚の板状偏光
器３、４間に挟持した構成となっている。入射光側に設
けた偏光板３は偏光子の機能を果たし、セルに直線偏光
を入射する。本発明の液晶表示素子は位相差が生じる光
軸（例えば液晶層７の液晶分子配列方向であり、この方
向は液晶層７の光軸でもある。）が電界制御されるもの
であり、セルに入射した直線偏光の位相を液晶セルにて
制御できるものである。図１（ｂ）は電圧無印加時の液
晶分子７−２と電圧印加時の液晶分子７−１の光軸の差
異を示している。さらに出射光側に設けた偏光板は検光
子としての機能を果たし、液晶セルにて制御された偏光
光を透過若しくは吸収する。As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1C, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention has a structure in which a liquid crystal cell (liquid crystal layer 7) is sandwiched between two plate-shaped polarizers 3 and 4. . The polarizing plate 3 provided on the incident light side functions as a polarizer and makes linearly polarized light incident on the cell. In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, an optical axis (for example, a liquid crystal molecule alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer 7 and this direction is also an optical axis of the liquid crystal layer 7) in which a phase difference is generated is controlled by an electric field, and a liquid crystal display element The phase of the incident linearly polarized light can be controlled by the liquid crystal cell. FIG. 1B shows a difference in optical axis between the liquid crystal molecule 7-2 when no voltage is applied and the liquid crystal molecule 7-1 when voltage is applied. Further, the polarizing plate provided on the outgoing light side functions as an analyzer and transmits or absorbs polarized light controlled by the liquid crystal cell.
【００３２】液晶層７に印加される電界は液晶表示素子
平面で考えれば平面方位の電界であるが、電極は双方の
基板１、２の液晶層側に位置しており、印加される電界
は、液晶層厚方向全体に容易に印加される。よって、前
述したＩＰＳのように一方の基板のみに電極を設けて平
面方位のみの電界によって液晶層全体を制御するものよ
り低い印加電圧で制御できる。The electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer 7 is an electric field in a plane orientation when considered in the plane of the liquid crystal display element, but the electrodes are located on the liquid crystal layer side of both substrates 1 and 2, and the applied electric field is , Is easily applied in the entire thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, it is possible to perform the control with a lower applied voltage than that in the case of providing the electrode only on one substrate and controlling the entire liquid crystal layer by the electric field only in the plane direction as in the IPS described above.
【００３３】図３は本発明の液晶表示素子の電界方位及
び液晶分子配列を説明した図である。図１（ｃ）に示す
ように本発明の液晶表示素子は斜め方向の電界１０を印
加できる電極構造となっている。図３（ａ）はその電気
力線１１を示したものである。これを平面的にみると図
３（ｂ）のようになる。本発明の液晶表示素子は前記液
晶表示素子の電極５、６に電圧を印加しない状態におい
て、液晶表示素子平面と略平行かつ、液晶表示素子平面
での方位が一様である分子配列としている。その分子配
列７−２の一例としては図３（ｃ）に示す配列がある。
これらをセルの平面で観察した場合の分子配列のイメ−
ジを図３（ｄ）に示す。図３（ｃ）、（ｄ）に示すよう
に液晶分子配列を液晶表示素子平面での方位が一様であ
る分子配列とした場合、その液晶分子長軸（光軸）には
液晶層厚ｄに応じたリタ−デ−ションＲ（＝Δｎｄ Δ
ｎ：液晶組成物の屈折率異方性）を持つ。こうしたリタ
デ−ションを持つ層に偏光光を入射した場合、その偏光
光の偏光方位と前記液晶分子長軸（光軸）のなす角度
（＝θ）に応じて、その偏光光の位相を変化させること
ができる。本発明の液晶表示素子は前記液晶分子配列の
平面方位を電界により制御できるので前記θを変化させ
ることができる。例えば偏光子と検光子を直交配置させ
た場合、セルに入射した偏光光の強度Ｉ0 に対し、検光
子を出射する光の強度Ｉは、 Ｉ＝Ｉ0 ×ｓｉｎ2 （２θ）×ｓｉｎ2 （Ｒπ／λ）………（１） となる。Ｒの値を可視光波長の１／２倍とし、θの値を
π／４とすればＩ＝Ｉ0となる。FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the electric field orientation and liquid crystal molecule alignment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1C, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention has an electrode structure capable of applying an electric field 10 in an oblique direction. FIG. 3A shows the line of electric force 11. A plan view of this is as shown in FIG. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention has a molecular arrangement that is substantially parallel to the liquid crystal display element plane and has a uniform orientation in the liquid crystal display element plane when no voltage is applied to the electrodes 5 and 6 of the liquid crystal display element. An example of the molecular sequence 7-2 is the sequence shown in FIG. 3 (c).
The image of the molecular arrangement when these are observed in the plane of the cell.
Is shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d), when the liquid crystal molecule arrangement is such that the orientation in the plane of the liquid crystal display element is uniform, the liquid crystal layer thickness d The retardation R (= Δnd Δ
n: having a refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition). When polarized light is incident on the layer having such retardation, the phase of the polarized light is changed according to the angle (= θ) formed by the polarization direction of the polarized light and the liquid crystal molecule long axis (optical axis). be able to. In the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, since the plane orientation of the liquid crystal molecule arrangement can be controlled by the electric field, the θ can be changed. For example, when the polarizer and the analyzer are arranged orthogonally to each other, the intensity I of the light emitted from the analyzer is I = I0 × sin 2 (2θ) × sin 2 (Rπ / Λ) ……… (1). If the value of R is 1/2 times the wavelength of visible light and the value of θ is π / 4, then I = I0.
【００３４】（１）式を計算すると図４のようになる。
図から明らかなように、Ｒの値に対してもθの値に対し
てもＩは極値を持つ。θを変化させる本発明の液晶表示
素子はＲの値を可視光波長の１／２倍とすることにより
最も高い光強度を得る。θは０、及びπ／２で極小値０
を取り、π／４（＋ｍπ／２ ｍ：０，１，２，３…）
で極大値Ｉ0 ×ｓｉｎ2 （Ｒπ／λ）を取る。よって高
いコントラストを得るにはθの値が、少なくとも０から
π／４（π／４から０）以上の変化、例えば０からπ／
３、若しくはπ／４からπ／２（π／２からπ／４）以
上の変化をするように電界方位に対しての液晶分子配列
方位を定めれば良い。The calculation of the equation (1) is as shown in FIG.
As is clear from the figure, I has an extreme value for both the value of R and the value of θ. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention in which θ is changed obtains the highest light intensity by setting the value of R to 1/2 times the visible light wavelength. θ is 0, and the minimum value is 0 at π / 2
, Π / 4 (+ mπ / 2 m: 0, 1, 2, 3 ...)
Takes the maximum value I 0 × sin 2 (Rπ / λ). Therefore, in order to obtain a high contrast, the value of θ changes by at least 0 to π / 4 (π / 4 to 0) or more, for example, 0 to π /
The liquid crystal molecule alignment direction may be determined with respect to the electric field direction so as to change 3 or from π / 4 to π / 2 (π / 2 to π / 4) or more.
【００３５】本発明の液晶表示素子は図１、図３に示す
ように、十分な電界を印加した場合、誘電異方性Δεが
正のネマティック液晶の場合、液晶分子配列は電界方位
に平行な状態をとる。従って電圧を印加していない状態
での前記θの値を４５゜乃至９０゜とすれば、前述した
高いコントラストを得る必要条件を満たすこととなる。
また、誘電異方性Δεが負のネマティック液晶の場合、
液晶分子配列は電界方位と直交した方位に配列する。し
たがって、この状態でθの取り得る値の最小値はπ／２
である 。また、電圧を印加しない状態での液晶分子配
列から取り得るθの値の最小値は０であるから、高いコ
ントラストを得るためには、電圧を印加していない状態
での前記θの値を０゜以上４５゜未満とすればよい。In the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, when a sufficient electric field is applied, in the case of nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy Δε, the liquid crystal molecule alignment is parallel to the electric field direction. Take a state. Therefore, if the value of θ is 45 ° to 90 ° when no voltage is applied, the above-mentioned necessary condition for obtaining high contrast is satisfied.
In the case of a nematic liquid crystal with a negative dielectric anisotropy Δε,
The liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a direction orthogonal to the electric field direction. Therefore, the minimum value that θ can take in this state is π / 2
Is. Further, the minimum value of θ that can be taken from the liquid crystal molecule alignment when no voltage is applied is 0. Therefore, in order to obtain high contrast, the value of θ is 0 when no voltage is applied. The angle may be ≧ ° and less than 45 °.
【００３６】図５にθの値、Ｒの値を変えて作製した本
発明の液晶表示素子の電気光学特性の測定結果を示す。
いずれの液晶セルも液晶層厚ｄ＝５μｍとし、電極幅Ｆ
Ｅ，ＲＥはともに５μｍ、電極ピッチＰは上下基板とも
１８μｍ、前記幅ＳＳの値は４μｍとしており、液晶分
子の配向処理はチルトを有さない（前記液晶表示素子平
面に平行である）ユニフォ−ム配列としている。FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of the electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention manufactured by changing the value of θ and the value of R.
In each liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal layer thickness d = 5 μm, and the electrode width F
E and RE are both 5 μm, the electrode pitch P is 18 μm for both the upper and lower substrates, the width SS is 4 μm, and the alignment treatment of the liquid crystal molecules has no tilt (parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element). It is arranged as an array.
【００３７】また、前記液晶表示素子平面における液晶
分子配列方位と入射光側に設けた偏光子の吸収軸を平行
に配置し、出射光側には、吸収軸が前記偏光子の吸収軸
と直交するよう検光子を配置し、各々のセルの上下基板
の電極間に６０Ｈｚの方形波の交流電圧を印加し、２枚
の平行配置偏光板の透過光強度Ｉ0 に対する透過光強度
Ｉ／Ｉ0 を波長５５０ｎｍの短波長の光を入射させ、測
定したものである。いずれも液晶材料は正の誘電異方性
を示すネマティック液晶組成物である。Further, the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction in the plane of the liquid crystal display element and the absorption axis of the polarizer provided on the incident light side are arranged in parallel, and the absorption axis is orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizer on the outgoing light side. The analyzer is arranged so that a square wave AC voltage of 60 Hz is applied between the electrodes of the upper and lower substrates of each cell, and the transmitted light intensity I / I 0 is different from the transmitted light intensity I 0 of the two parallel polarizing plates. It is measured by making light with a short wavelength of 550 nm incident. In each case, the liquid crystal material is a nematic liquid crystal composition showing a positive dielectric anisotropy.
【００３８】図５（ａ）はθ＝９０゜，Ｒ＝０．３０μ
ｍとしたセルａの測定結果であり、図５（ｂ）はθ＝９
０゜，Ｒ＝０．２５μｍとしたセルｂの測定結果であ
り、図５（ｃ）はθ＝６０゜，Ｒ＝０．３０μｍとした
セルｃの測定結果であり、図５（ｄ）はθ＝４５゜，Ｒ
＝０．３０μｍとしたセルｄの測定結果であり、図５
（ｅ）はθ＝６０゜，Ｒ＝０．２５μｍとしたセルｅの
測定結果である。FIG. 5A shows θ = 90 ° and R = 0.30 μ.
5 is a measurement result of the cell a with m, and FIG.
5 (c) is the measurement result of the cell b with 0 ° and R = 0.25 μm, and FIG. 5 (c) is the measurement result of the cell c with θ = 60 ° and R = 0.30 μm. θ = 45 °, R
5 is the measurement result of the cell d when = 0.30 μm.
(E) is the measurement result of the cell e in which θ = 60 ° and R = 0.25 μm.
【００３９】いずれの結果においても電圧を印加しない
場合のＩ／Ｉ0 は０．００１程度であり、最大コントラ
スト比は１０００：１程度あった。最大コントラストを
得る印加電圧値ＶCRはθに依存している。θが大である
ほどＶCRは小さい。これは、液晶表示素子平面での液晶
分子配列方位の変化度合いが電圧を印加した状態でのθ
の値が大であればあるほど大きいからである。In all the results, I / I0 when no voltage was applied was about 0.001 and the maximum contrast ratio was about 1000: 1. The applied voltage value VCR for obtaining the maximum contrast depends on θ. The larger θ is, the smaller VCR is. This is because the degree of change in the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules on the plane of the liquid crystal display element is θ when the voltage is applied.
This is because the larger the value of, the larger.
【００４０】また、Ｒに対してはＲ＝０．３０μｍとし
た場合、Ｉ／Ｉ0 は１を得るが、Ｒ＝０．２５μｍの場
合これより小さい値となる。これは（１）式におけるｓ
ｉｎ2（Ｒπ／λ）のＲが、試作した液晶セルの電圧を
印加しない状態でのＲ値が入射光波長の１／２より、や
や大きい値にて丁度１／２になるためであり、実際に電
圧を印加した際の液晶セルは、電圧を印加しない状態で
Ｒ＝０．３０μｍであるときにＲが入射光波長（λ＝５
５０ｎｍ）の１／２となるためである。With respect to R, I / I0 is 1 when R = 0.30 μm, but is smaller than this when R = 0.25 μm. This is s in equation (1)
This is because the R of in 2 (Rπ / λ) becomes just ½ when the R value of the prototyped liquid crystal cell in the state where no voltage is applied is slightly larger than ½ of the incident light wavelength. In the liquid crystal cell when voltage is actually applied, when R = 0.30 μm without voltage application, R is the incident light wavelength (λ = 5
This is because it is 1/2 of 50 nm).
【００４１】前記電圧を印加しない状態でのθの値を４
５゜乃至６０゜とすれば電気光学特性は、ほど良い急峻
性を示し、最大Ｉ／Ｉ0 を得る電圧のマ−ジンは広くな
り、容易に駆動できるようになる。The value of θ when the voltage is not applied is 4
When the angle is 5 ° to 60 °, the electro-optical characteristics show a good steepness, the margin of the voltage for obtaining the maximum I / I0 is wide, and the driving becomes easy.
【００４２】θの値が４５゜未満だと、θの値を４５゜
乃至６０゜とした場合と比較して最大Ｉ／Ｉ0 の値が小
さくなることとなり、コントラストが低下する。If the value of θ is less than 45 °, the maximum I / I0 value becomes smaller than that in the case where the value of θ is 45 ° to 60 °, and the contrast deteriorates.
【００４３】また、θの値を６０゜より大とすると電気
光学特性が急峻に成り過ぎる。If the value of θ is larger than 60 °, the electro-optical characteristics become too steep.
【００４４】特に偏光子と検光子を平行配置したり、偏
光子と検光子を直交配置し、電圧を印加しない状態での
液晶分子配列方位と偏光板の吸収軸とのなす角度を４５
゜とした場合、表示はノ−マリ−ブラックとなる。In particular, the polarizer and the analyzer are arranged in parallel, or the polarizer and the analyzer are arranged orthogonally, and the angle formed by the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate is 45 when no voltage is applied.
When the angle is set to °, the display is normally black.
【００４５】図７は偏光子と検光子を直交配置し、電圧
を印加しない状態での液晶分子配列方位と偏光板の吸収
軸とのなす角度を４５゜とした場合のセルの電気光学特
性の測定結果である。FIG. 7 shows the electro-optical characteristics of the cell when the polarizer and the analyzer are arranged orthogonally and the angle formed by the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate is 45 ° when no voltage is applied. It is a measurement result.
【００４６】セルａ、ｂ（図７（ａ）（ｂ））と比較し
てセルｃ（図７（ｃ））は電気光学特性が急峻でなく、
その分最小Ｉ／Ｉ0 の値をとる電圧値のマ−ジンが広
い。このノ−マリ−ブラック表示の構成とした場合、最
小Ｉ／Ｉ0 の値をとる電圧値のマ−ジンが狭いとセル厚
マ−ジン、温度特性等に多大に影響するため、好ましく
ない。よって、電圧を印加しない状態でのθの値を４５
゜乃至６０゜とすればより優れた性能えられることが解
る。Compared with the cells a and b (FIGS. 7A and 7B), the cell c (FIG. 7C) does not have steep electro-optical characteristics.
The margin of the voltage value that takes the minimum I / I0 value is wide. In the case of this normally black display configuration, if the margin of the voltage value that takes the minimum I / I0 value is narrow, the cell thickness margin, temperature characteristics, etc. are greatly affected, which is not preferable. Therefore, the value of θ without voltage is 45
It will be understood that more excellent performance can be obtained by setting the angle to 60 °.
【００４７】これらのことは液晶組成物が負の誘電異方
性を示すネマティック液晶を用いた場合、また、液晶分
子配列の安定性を考えてみる。本発明の液晶表示素子の
液晶分子配列は図３（ｃ）（ｄ）に示すような３つに分
類される。この内チルトを有するユニフォ−ム配列は液
晶表示素子平面に対して一様にチルト配向しているもの
であり、平面図を描けば図３（ｄ）に示すように頭を描
くこととなる。Considering these things, the stability of the liquid crystal molecule alignment when the liquid crystal composition uses a nematic liquid crystal exhibiting a negative dielectric anisotropy. The liquid crystal molecule array of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is classified into three as shown in FIGS. The uniform alignment having the inner tilt is one in which the orientation is uniformly tilted with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal display element, and the head is drawn as shown in FIG. 3D when the plan view is drawn.
【００４８】同様にチルトを有さないユニフォ−ム配列
やスプレイ配列は液晶分子の平均的傾きは液晶表示素子
平面に対して平行である。よって、図３（ｄ）に示すよ
うに液晶分子の平面図を描くと頭のない絵となる。ちな
みに前述したθを示すと図３（ｅ）のようになる。ま
た、本発明の液晶表示素子における印加電界を図示する
と図３（ａ）（ｂ）のようになる。電界は斜め電界であ
り、液晶表示素子平面に対して傾きをもった電界であ
る。これを平面的にみて手前（頭）を大きく描いたのが
図３（ｂ）である。以降、電界の液晶表示素子平面に対
する傾きを図３（ｂ）のように描く。ここで液晶組成物
が正の誘電異方性を示すネマティック液晶を考えると、
液晶層に電界を印加した時、液晶分子は電界方向に向く
こととなる。それぞれの分子配列とθの値に対して液晶
分子の挙動を考えると図１３のようになる。Similarly, in the uniform arrangement or the splay arrangement having no tilt, the average inclination of the liquid crystal molecules is parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element. Therefore, when a plan view of the liquid crystal molecules is drawn as shown in FIG. Incidentally, the above-mentioned θ is shown in FIG. 3 (e). The applied electric field in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). The electric field is an oblique electric field and has an inclination with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal display element. FIG. 3 (b) is a large drawing of the front (head) when viewed in plan. After that, the inclination of the electric field with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal display element is drawn as shown in FIG. Considering a nematic liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal composition exhibits positive dielectric anisotropy,
When an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the electric field direction. Considering the behavior of liquid crystal molecules with respect to each molecular arrangement and the value of θ, it becomes as shown in FIG.
【００４９】図１３（ａ）は液晶分子配列がチルトを有
するユニフォ−ム配列であり、θの値が９０゜の場合の
分子配列挙動を示したものである。前記θの値は０乃至
９０゜未満である。これは液晶分子が電界方向に対し配
列方向を変化させる際、当然液晶分子は交差角の小さい
方向に回転するからである。ただしθの値が９０゜の場
合、回転方向は右回りとも左回りとも規定されない。FIG. 13A shows the behavior of the molecular alignment when the liquid crystal molecular alignment is a uniform alignment having a tilt and the value of θ is 90 °. The value of θ is 0 to less than 90 °. This is because when the liquid crystal molecules change the alignment direction with respect to the electric field direction, the liquid crystal molecules naturally rotate in a direction with a small crossing angle. However, when the value of θ is 90 °, the rotation direction is not defined as clockwise or counterclockwise.
【００５０】しかしながら、図示するように液晶分子配
列は一様なチルトを有しているので電界方向に傾きのあ
る本発明の液晶表示素子では、液晶分子の頭のほうが電
界方位の頭の方に回転しやすい。このほうが電圧印加前
後で液晶分子のチルト方位が変化しないからである。
（逆方向に回転するには電圧を印加しない状態でのチル
ト方向と逆の方向にチルトする必要があるため）。よっ
て、θの値が９０゜であり、液晶分子配列がチルトを有
するユニフォ−ム配列の場合、液晶分子配列は常に安定
している。However, since the liquid crystal molecule array has a uniform tilt as shown in the figure, in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention having a tilt in the direction of the electric field, the head of the liquid crystal molecule is closer to the head of the electric field direction. Easy to rotate. This is because the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules does not change before and after the voltage application.
(Because in order to rotate in the opposite direction, it is necessary to tilt in the opposite direction to the tilt direction when no voltage is applied). Therefore, when the value of θ is 90 ° and the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is a uniform alignment, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is always stable.
【００５１】同様のことをθが３０゜の場合について考
えてみる。図１３（ｃ）は液晶分子配列がチルトを有す
るユニフォ−ム配列であり、θの値が３０゜の場合の分
子配列挙動を示したものである。液晶分子が電界方向に
対し配列方向を変化させる際、液晶分子が交差角の小さ
い方向に回転することを考えると、図示するように一方
では液晶分子のチルト方位に準じて回転できるが、他方
では電圧を印加しない状態でのチルト方向と逆の方向に
チルトする必要が生じることとなる。こうした場合液晶
分子配列は不安定となり、一様な配列を維持できずディ
スクリネ−ションが生じたりする。Consider the same thing when θ is 30 °. FIG. 13C shows the behavior of molecular alignment when the liquid crystal molecular alignment is a uniform alignment having a tilt and the value of θ is 30 °. Considering that the liquid crystal molecules rotate in a direction with a small crossing angle when the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is changed with respect to the electric field direction, one side can rotate according to the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecule as shown in the figure, but the other side can rotate. It becomes necessary to tilt in a direction opposite to the tilt direction in the state where no voltage is applied. In such a case, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules becomes unstable, and the uniform alignment cannot be maintained, resulting in disclination.
【００５２】これに対し、液晶分子配列がチルトを有さ
ないユニフォ−ム配列やスプレイ配列の場合を考えてみ
る。図１３（ｂ）は液晶分子配列がチルトを有さないユ
ニフォ−ム配列若しくはスプレイ配列であり、θの値が
３０゜の場合の分子配列挙動を示したものである。On the other hand, let us consider a case where the liquid crystal molecule arrangement is a uniform arrangement or a spray arrangement having no tilt. FIG. 13B shows the molecular alignment behavior when the liquid crystal molecular alignment is a uniform alignment or a splay alignment having no tilt and the value of θ is 30 °.
【００５３】電圧を印加しない状態での液晶分子は平均
的には液晶表示素子平面と平行であり、傾きは持ってい
ないと見なせる。よって、いずれの回転方向に対しても
逆方向にチルトするようなことはない。よって、θを指
す回転方向に回転する。つまり液晶分子と電界方位の交
差角の小さい方に回転する。It can be considered that the liquid crystal molecules in the state in which no voltage is applied are parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element on average and have no inclination. Therefore, the tilt does not occur in the opposite direction with respect to either rotation direction. Therefore, it rotates in the rotation direction indicating θ. That is, the liquid crystal molecule rotates to the smaller crossing angle between the liquid crystal molecule and the electric field direction.
【００５４】同様のことをθの値が９０゜の場合につい
て考えてみる。図１３（ｄ）は液晶分子配列がチルトを
有さないユニフォ−ム配列若しくはスプレイ配列であ
り、θの値が９０゜の場合の分子配列挙動を示したもの
である。この場合、図１３（ｃ）のように逆にチルトす
る必要はないが液晶分子の回転方向はθの値からも、分
子配列からも規定されない。液晶分子配列も前記交差角
も中性であるからである。よって、左回りにも右回りに
も回転することとなり、液晶分子配列は不安定となる。Consider the same thing when the value of θ is 90 °. FIG. 13D shows the behavior of the molecular alignment when the liquid crystal molecular alignment is a uniform alignment or a splay alignment having no tilt, and the value of θ is 90 °. In this case, it is not necessary to reversely tilt as shown in FIG. 13C, but the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is not defined by the value of θ or the molecular arrangement. This is because both the liquid crystal molecular alignment and the crossing angle are neutral. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules are rotated both counterclockwise and clockwise, and the liquid crystal molecule alignment becomes unstable.
【００５５】このように、θが９０゜の場合のように、
液晶分子の回転方向が規定されない場合は、液晶分子配
列がチルトを有するユニフォ−ムとしておけば分子配列
と電界の傾きにより、回転方向は規定され液晶分子配列
は常に安定となる。このことはθの値が８０゜乃至９０
゜の場合に得られることを実験により確認している。逆
にθの値が８０゜未満の場合、θの値により回転方向は
規定される。この場合、液晶分子が逆にチルトするこを
防止するには液晶分子配列を中性にしてやればよく、具
体的にはチルトを有さないユニフォ−ム配列若しくはス
プレイ配列とすれば液晶分子配列は常に安定することと
なる。Thus, as in the case where θ is 90 °,
When the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules is not defined, if the liquid crystal molecule array is a uniform tilt, the rotation direction is defined by the tilt of the molecular array and the electric field, and the liquid crystal molecule array is always stable. This means that the value of θ is 80 ° to 90
It has been confirmed by experiments that it can be obtained in the case of °. On the contrary, when the value of θ is less than 80 °, the rotation direction is defined by the value of θ. In this case, in order to prevent the liquid crystal molecules from tilting in the opposite direction, the liquid crystal molecule arrangement may be neutralized. Specifically, if the liquid crystal molecule arrangement is a uniform arrangement or a spray arrangement having no tilt, the liquid crystal molecule arrangement is It will always be stable.
【００５６】以上説明したように電極構造により得られ
る斜め電界及び液晶分子配列により、液晶分子の回転方
向が規定され、逆方向にチルトしない構造とすれば液晶
分子配列は常に安定する。As described above, the oblique electric field and the liquid crystal molecule arrangement obtained by the electrode structure define the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and if the structure is such that the liquid crystal molecules are not tilted in the opposite direction, the liquid crystal molecule arrangement is always stable.
【００５７】同様のことを負の誘電異方性を示すネマテ
ィック液晶について考えると、前記スカラ−Ｅとスカラ
−ＬＣのなす角θが、０゜乃至１０゜未満の時、前記液
晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態において前記液晶分
子配列が、スプレイ配列もしくはチルトを有さない（前
記液晶表示素子平面に平行である）ユニフォ−ム配列か
らなり、前記スカラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのなす角θが、
１０゜乃至４５゜の時、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加
しない状態において前記液晶分子配列が、チルトを有す
るユニフォ−ム配列であるようにすればよいこととな
る。Considering the same thing for a nematic liquid crystal showing negative dielectric anisotropy, when the angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 0 ° to less than 10 °, a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. In the state where no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecule array is composed of a splay array or a uniform array having no tilt (parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element), and the angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is ,
In the case of 10 ° to 45 °, the liquid crystal molecule arrangement may be a uniform arrangement having a tilt in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element.
【００５８】また、チルトを有するユニフォ−ム配列で
あり、なおかつθの値が前述した回転方向が規定されな
い値としていても、（誘電異方性が正の場合、前記スカ
ラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのなす角θが４５゜乃至８０゜未
満の時、誘電異方性が負の場合、液晶表示素子であり、
前記スカラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのなす角θが０゜乃至１
０゜未満の時、）前記液晶分子のチルト方位が、前記斜
め電界の方位毎に異なるよう少なくとも２種の方位から
なる配向分割をなせば前述した逆方向へのチルトは防止
できることとなり、液晶分子配列は常に安定する。Further, even in the case of a uniform array having a tilt and the value of θ is a value in which the above-mentioned rotation direction is not defined, (when the dielectric anisotropy is positive, the scalar E and the scalar LC are When the angle θ formed by is less than 45 ° to less than 80 ° and the dielectric anisotropy is negative, it is a liquid crystal display element,
The angle θ between the scalar E and the scalar LC is 0 ° to 1
If the tilt azimuth of the liquid crystal molecules is different at each tilt electric field azimuth (when the angle is less than 0 °), it is possible to prevent the above-described tilt in the opposite direction by performing alignment division of at least two kinds of azimuths. The array is always stable.
【００５９】次に入射光の波長に対する依存性について
考える。図６は液晶層厚ｄ＝５μｍとし、電極幅ＦＥ，
ＲＥはともに５μｍ、電極ピッチＰは上下基板とも１８
μｍ、前記ＳＳの値は４μｍであり、液晶分子の配向処
理はチルトを有さない（前記液晶表示素子平面に平行で
ある）ユニフォ−ム配列であり、θ＝９０゜，Ｒ＝０．
３０μｍ（λ＝５５０ｎｍ）としたセルａの電気光学特
性を入射光波長を変化させて測定した結果である。入射
させた光はλ＝４４０（図中Ｂ），５５０（図中Ｇ），
６２０（図中Ｒ）ｎｍである。いずれの測定も、セルの
上下基板の電極間に６０Ｈｚの方形波の交流電圧を印加
し、２枚の平行配置偏光板の透過光強度Ｉ0 に対する透
過光強度Ｉ／Ｉ0 を測定したものである。Next, the dependence of the incident light on the wavelength will be considered. In FIG. 6, the liquid crystal layer thickness d = 5 μm, the electrode width FE,
RE is 5 μm, and electrode pitch P is 18 for both upper and lower substrates.
.mu.m, the value of SS is 4 .mu.m, the alignment treatment of the liquid crystal molecules is a uniform arrangement having no tilt (parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element), .theta. = 90.degree., R = 0.
It is the result of measuring the electro-optical characteristics of the cell a with 30 μm (λ = 550 nm) by changing the incident light wavelength. The incident light is λ = 440 (B in the figure), 550 (G in the figure),
620 (R in the figure) nm. In each measurement, a square wave AC voltage of 60 Hz was applied between the electrodes on the upper and lower substrates of the cell, and the transmitted light intensity I / I 0 with respect to the transmitted light intensity I 0 of the two parallel polarizing plates was measured. .
【００６０】図からあきらかなように電気光学特性には
波長依存性がある。これは、（１）式に示すように、本
発明の液晶表示素子が液晶セルによる位相の制御により
表示をしているからであり、その位相差はＲ／λにより
切るためである。一般的に液晶材料には屈折率異方性Δ
ｎがあるが、その値は波長分散特性をもつ。液晶層厚ｄ
は波長によらず一定であるのでＲの値は液晶材料の屈折
率異方性の波長分散特性により決まる。液晶材料の波長
分散特性は可視光波長に対しては波長が大であるほど屈
折率異方性Δｎは小さい。よって、Ｒの値も波長が大で
あるほど小さい。従って、位相差はΔｎより一層、波長
分散特性を持ち、波長が大であるほどＲ／λは小さくな
る。As is clear from the figure, the electro-optical characteristics have wavelength dependence. This is because the liquid crystal display element of the present invention performs display by controlling the phase by the liquid crystal cell as shown in the equation (1), and the phase difference is cut by R / λ. Generally, for liquid crystal materials, the refractive index anisotropy Δ
There is n, but its value has chromatic dispersion characteristics. Liquid crystal layer thickness d
Is constant regardless of the wavelength, so the value of R is determined by the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal material. Regarding the wavelength dispersion characteristic of the liquid crystal material, the refractive index anisotropy Δn is smaller as the wavelength is larger with respect to the visible light wavelength. Therefore, the value of R also decreases as the wavelength increases. Therefore, the phase difference has more wavelength dispersion characteristics than Δn, and the larger the wavelength, the smaller R / λ.
【００６１】このことは、前記液晶層により生ずる位相
差の波長依存性を解消するように前記偏光板間に位相差
板、光学補償板もしくはこれらの機能を得る膜を加えた
構造とすれば解決される。This is solved by adopting a structure in which a retardation plate, an optical compensation plate or a film for obtaining these functions is added between the polarizing plates so as to eliminate the wavelength dependence of the retardation caused by the liquid crystal layer. To be done.
【００６２】例えば、図８（ａ）（ｂ）に示すような波
長分散特性を持つ液晶材料を用いた場合、図１（ａ）に
示すような位相差板を液晶セル（液晶層７）と偏光板４
の間に、位相差板（光学補償板）の光軸８−１が液晶分
子配列方位７−２−１と直交するよう挟持すれば、ト−
タルの位相差は各々の位相差の差となり図８（ｃ）のよ
うになる。よって波長によらず一定の位相差（Ｒ／λ）
が得られ波長分散特性は解消されることとなる。図８で
１２−１が位相差板のＲ値、７−２液晶層のＲ値、１３
−２がト−タルのＲ値である。また、実用上のコントラ
スト比を高め、温度特性を抑制し、生産上歩留まりを高
めるには、前記２枚の偏光板を、その吸収軸が直交する
よう配置し、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態
において前記液晶分子の液晶表示素子平面での配列方位
を、前記２枚の偏光板の一方の吸収軸と平行に配置すれ
ばよい。電圧を印加しない状態にて黒表示を得て、なお
かつ、この黒表示は液晶層の層厚や屈折率異方性に影響
されず位相差を持たない状態となる。よって液晶層厚む
らや温度変化による光学補償板、液晶層のリタ−デ−シ
ョン変化、むらに影響されず優れた黒表示を得る。ま
た、液晶層や光学補償板の光学特性が多少設計値とずれ
ても黒表示は優れたものとなる。For example, when a liquid crystal material having wavelength dispersion characteristics as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B is used, a retardation plate as shown in FIG. 1A is used as a liquid crystal cell (liquid crystal layer 7). Polarizing plate 4
If the optical axis 8-1 of the retardation plate (optical compensator) is sandwiched between the two so as to be orthogonal to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction 7-2-1,
The phase difference of Tal is the difference between the phase differences, as shown in FIG. Therefore, a constant phase difference (R / λ) regardless of wavelength
Is obtained and the chromatic dispersion characteristic is eliminated. In FIG. 8, 12-1 is the R value of the retardation plate, 7-2 is the R value of the liquid crystal layer, 13
-2 is the total R value. Further, in order to increase the practical contrast ratio, suppress the temperature characteristics, and increase the production yield, the two polarizing plates are arranged so that their absorption axes are orthogonal to each other, and a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. In such a state, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the liquid crystal display element plane may be arranged in parallel with the absorption axis of one of the two polarizing plates. A black display is obtained without applying a voltage, and this black display is in a state of not having a phase difference without being influenced by the layer thickness of the liquid crystal layer and the refractive index anisotropy. Therefore, an excellent black display is obtained without being affected by the unevenness of the liquid crystal layer thickness, the optical compensation plate due to the temperature change, the retardation change of the liquid crystal layer, and the unevenness. Further, even if the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal layer or the optical compensator slightly deviate from the designed values, the black display becomes excellent.
【００６３】これら本発明の液晶表示素子は液晶分子配
列方位を液晶表示素子平面で変化させるものであり、黒
表示から白表示に至るまで液晶分子は、ほぼ液晶表示素
子平面と平行に配列している。したがって視野角は極め
て広い。また、本発明の液晶表示素子は液晶層の層厚方
向における中央付近の液晶分子を支配的に制御するもの
なので応答速度が極めて速い。また、この応答速度は前
記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態において前記液
晶分子の液晶表示素子平面での配列方位を、電界方位に
対して４５゜の角度（θ＝４５゜）に近ずければ近ずけ
るほど速くなる。In these liquid crystal display devices of the present invention, the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is changed in the plane of the liquid crystal display device, and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged substantially parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display device from black display to white display. There is. Therefore, the viewing angle is extremely wide. Further, since the liquid crystal display element of the present invention mainly controls the liquid crystal molecules near the center in the layer thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, the response speed is extremely fast. Further, the response speed should be such that the alignment orientation of the liquid crystal molecules on the liquid crystal display element plane should be close to an angle of 45 ° (θ = 45 °) with respect to the electric field orientation in the state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. The closer you are, the faster it gets.
【００６４】また、少なくとも一方の基板がＴＦＴ，Ｔ
ＦＤ等のスイッチング素子を有するアクティブマトリク
ス基板を用いれば、極めて優れた表示性能のマトリクス
表示が実現する。また、電気光学特性が急峻でない設計
条件においても優れた表示性能を得ることができる。At least one substrate is TFT, T
If an active matrix substrate having a switching element such as FD is used, matrix display with extremely excellent display performance can be realized. Further, excellent display performance can be obtained even under design conditions in which electro-optical characteristics are not steep.
【００６５】また、少なくとも一方の基板にカラ−フィ
ルタ−を設ければ優れたカラ−表示が実現される。If a color filter is provided on at least one of the substrates, excellent color display can be realized.
【００６６】なお、本発明は問題を解決する手段として
具体的に、ネマティック液晶組成物を用い、た前記液晶
表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態において、液晶表示素
子平面と略平行かつ、液晶表示素子平面での方位が一様
である分子配列を用いているが、用いる液晶材料として
は、スメクティック液晶組成物、カイラルネマティック
液晶組成物、コレステリック液晶組成物、ディスコティ
ック液晶組成物、及びこれらの高分子液晶組成物、低分
子液晶組成物であっても良く、分子配列はハイブリッド
配列、ベンド配列、垂直配列及びこれらにツイスト変形
を加えた配列であっても、同様の原理や効果をえるもの
であれば前述した問題点を解決することができる。As a means for solving the problem, the present invention specifically uses a nematic liquid crystal composition and is substantially parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. A liquid crystal material having a uniform orientation in a plane is used, and as the liquid crystal material to be used, a smectic liquid crystal composition, a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, a cholesteric liquid crystal composition, a discotic liquid crystal composition, and polymers thereof are used. A liquid crystal composition or a low-molecular liquid crystal composition may be used, and the same principle or effect can be obtained even if the molecular arrangement is a hybrid arrangement, a bend arrangement, a vertical arrangement, or an arrangement in which twist deformation is added to these arrangements. For example, the above-mentioned problems can be solved.
【００６７】また、本発明は解決手段として具体的に、
前記両基板の電極が画素毎に、微細な領域を単位とした
導電体部と非導電体部からなり、前記両基板電極の素子
法線方向での断面形状を見た時、一方の基板のみに導電
体部を有する幅ＲＥ、及び他方の基板のみに導電体部を
有する幅ＦＥ、両基板とも非導電体部である幅ＳＳが順
に、ＲＥ・ＳＳ・ＦＥ・ＳＳ・ＲＥ・ＳＳ・ＦＥ・ＳＳ
・……とＳＳを挟んでＲＥとＦＥが交互に配置される断
面形状となっており、かつ少なくとも各画素毎にＲＥ、
ＦＥそれぞれが画素のどこかで電気的に一つにつながっ
た電極構造を用いたが、斜め電界を得る電極構成であれ
ば、前述した問題点を解決することができる。Further, the present invention is specifically as a solution means,
The electrodes of both substrates are made up of a conductive portion and a non-conductive portion in units of a fine region for each pixel, and when viewed in the cross-sectional shape of the substrate electrodes in the element normal direction, only one substrate is A width RE having a conductor portion on one side, a width FE having a conductor portion only on the other substrate, and a width SS which is a non-conductor portion on both substrates in order of RE, SS, FE, SS, RE, SS, FE.・ SS
······ and SS and RE and FE are alternately arranged, and at least each pixel has RE,
Although the electrode structure in which the FEs are electrically connected to each other somewhere in the pixel is used, the above-mentioned problems can be solved by an electrode structure in which an oblique electric field is obtained.
【００６８】[0068]
（実施の形態１）図９（ｃ）、（ｄ）に示すような構造
からなる上基板（出射光側基板）として、対向基板用Ｉ
ＴＯストライプパタ−ンニングガラス基板を用いた。出
射光側基板のストライプ電極６は（ｃ）に示すように、
１画素領域ｐの１８０μｍ×１８０μｍ内に梯子状の導
電体部を有している。すなわち、両側の導電体条６−
１、６−２間に幅５μｍの複数の導電体部６−２を橋絡
させ、各導電体部間に１３μｍｋ間隙６−３を形成す
る。この間隙が非導電体部となる。(Embodiment 1) As an upper substrate (outgoing light side substrate) having a structure as shown in FIGS.
A TO stripe patterning glass substrate was used. As shown in (c), the stripe electrode 6 on the outgoing light side substrate is
A ladder-shaped conductor portion is provided within 180 μm × 180 μm of one pixel region p. That is, the conductor strips 6 on both sides
A plurality of conductor portions 6-2 having a width of 5 μm are bridged between the first conductor 6 and the second conductor 6-2 to form a 13 μmk gap 6-3 between the conductor portions. This gap becomes the non-conductor part.
【００６９】（ｄ）は画面の有効表示領域に配置したス
トライプ電極６を示す。画素数はＸ方向に４８０画素、
Ｙ方向に３２０画素である。(D) shows the stripe electrodes 6 arranged in the effective display area of the screen. The number of pixels is 480 pixels in the X direction,
There are 320 pixels in the Y direction.
【００７０】（ａ）は入力光側基板の画素電極５の１画
素領域を示しており、導電体条の枠５−１内に幅５μｍ
の複数の導電体部５−２をピッチ１８μｍで間隙をおい
て配置する。間隙の幅は１３μｍである。この間隙が非
導電体部５−３となる。枠５−１の隅にＭＩＭスイッチ
ング素子１８−１が形成され、アルミニウム膜でできた
信号線１０に接続される。(A) shows one pixel area of the pixel electrode 5 of the substrate on the input light side, and has a width of 5 μm in the frame 5-1 of the conductor strip.
The plurality of conductor portions 5-2 are arranged at a pitch of 18 μm with a gap. The width of the gap is 13 μm. This gap becomes the non-conductor section 5-3. The MIM switching element 18-1 is formed at the corner of the frame 5-1 and connected to the signal line 10 made of an aluminum film.
【００７１】（ｂ）は画面有効表示領域における電極５
のアレイ配置を示すものである。(B) shows the electrode 5 in the screen effective display area.
FIG. 2 shows the array arrangement of FIG.
【００７２】電極５の導電体部５−２と電極６の非導電
体部６−３が対向し、電極６の導電体部６−２と電極５
の非導電体部５−３がそれぞれ対向するように組み合わ
される。The conductor portion 5-2 of the electrode 5 and the non-conductor portion 6-3 of the electrode 6 face each other, and the conductor portion 6-2 of the electrode 6 and the electrode 5
The non-conductor parts 5-3 are combined so as to face each other.
【００７３】（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように下基板としてＭ
ＩＭからなるスイッチング素子１８−１付きガラス基板
を用いた。このＭＩＭ基板における画素電極は入射光側
基板電極５であり、ＩＴＯを用いた。双方の基板の電極
５、６に透明なＩＴＯを用いることにより、実用上の開
口率を向上させ素子の透過率を高めた。ここで、ＭＩＭ
素子の対極材料として用いたＡｌを対向基板のストライ
プ電極，及びＭＩＭ基板における画素電極として用いれ
ば、実用上の開口率は低下するもののアレイ形成工程が
用いる材料の種類低減、素子と同時に形成できる等の理
由から簡略化できこととなる。こうした基板を用いて、
配向膜（図１の９）として（株）日本合成ゴム製のＡＬ
−１０５１（プレチルト角測定値１゜）を形成し、図に
矢印で示すように画素電極内の微細なストライプパタ−
ンと平行であり、上下基板を対向させたときに１８０゜
方位の異なる方向にラビング処理を施し、前述したθの
値が９０゜であり、ネマティック液晶組成物が前記上下
基板間でチルトを有するユニフォ−ム配列となる配向処
理を施した。下基板側に基板間隙剤として液晶層厚が
５．０μｍとなるよう（株）積水ファインケミカル製の
微粒子：ミクロパ−ル（粒径５．０μｍ）を分散密度１
００個／ｍｍ2 となるよう乾式散布法にて散布して、こ
れら基板間に誘電異方性が正の液晶材料として（株）メ
ルクジャパン製ＺＬＩ−２２９３（Δｎ＝0.132:λ＝５
９０ｎｍ）を挟持して本液晶表示素子を得た。As shown in (a) and (b), M is used as the lower substrate.
A glass substrate with a switching element 18-1 made of IM was used. The pixel electrode on this MIM substrate was the incident light side substrate electrode 5, and ITO was used. By using transparent ITO for the electrodes 5 and 6 of both substrates, the practical aperture ratio was improved and the transmittance of the device was increased. Where MIM
When Al used as the counter electrode material of the element is used as the stripe electrode of the counter substrate and the pixel electrode of the MIM substrate, although the aperture ratio is reduced in practice, the type of material used in the array formation process can be reduced, and the element can be formed simultaneously with the element, etc. Therefore, it can be simplified. With such a substrate,
AL made by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. as an alignment film (9 in FIG. 1)
-1051 (pre-tilt angle measurement value 1 °) is formed, and as shown by the arrow in the figure, a fine stripe pattern in the pixel electrode is formed.
And the rubbing process is performed in different directions of 180 ° when the upper and lower substrates are opposed to each other, the value of θ is 90 °, and the nematic liquid crystal composition has a tilt between the upper and lower substrates. An orientation treatment was performed to obtain a uniform array. Dispersion density 1 of micro particles (particle size 5.0 μm) manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. was used as a substrate spacing agent on the lower substrate side so that the liquid crystal layer thickness would be 5.0 μm.
It was sprayed by a dry spraying method so as to have a density of 00 / mm 2, and a liquid crystal material having a positive dielectric anisotropy was used as a liquid crystal material between these substrates, ZLI-2293 (Δn = 0.132: λ = 5) manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd.
90 nm) was sandwiched to obtain the present liquid crystal display device.
【００７４】しかる後、上基板外面にポリカ−ボネイト
からなる位相差板（Ｒ＝３６０ｎｍ：λ＝５９０ｎｍ）
（同１の８）を光軸が前記液晶分子配列方向と直交する
ようにはりあわせ、しかる後、その上に偏光板を吸収軸
が前記液晶分子配列方向と平行となるようはりあわせ、
また、下基板外面に、偏光板を吸収軸が前記液晶分子配
列方向と直交するようにはりあわせて、本液晶表示素子
に用いる液晶セルを得た。ここで、液晶層厚，液晶組成
物のΔｎを前述した値とし、ポリカ−ボネイトからなる
位相差板をはりあわせたのは、液晶表示素子全体でのＲ
の値をλ／２強とするためであり、位相差板を用いて全
体での位相差を設定したのは、全体での位相差が可視光
波長全域に対し、一様な値となるようにするためであ
る。ここで、位相差板を用いず、液晶組成物のΔｎを
０．０６５にする（例えば（株）メルクジャパン製ＺＬ
Ｉ−１１６５を用いる）等して液晶表示素子を作成して
も本発明の液晶表示素子は得られる。この場合、波長分
散特性を解消するためには、入射光をカラ−フィルタ−
等を用いて分光し、各々の波長に対して駆動電圧を制御
すればよい。Thereafter, a retardation plate made of polycarbonate is formed on the outer surface of the upper substrate (R = 360 nm: λ = 590 nm).
(8 of 1) is laminated so that the optical axis is perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction, and then a polarizing plate is laminated thereon so that the absorption axis is parallel to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction.
Further, a polarizing plate was attached to the outer surface of the lower substrate so that the absorption axis was orthogonal to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction to obtain a liquid crystal cell used in the present liquid crystal display device. Here, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer and Δn of the liquid crystal composition are set to the above-mentioned values, and the retardation plate made of polycarbonate is bonded to the liquid crystal display device.
The reason is that the value of is set to λ / 2 or more, and the phase difference of the whole is set by using the retardation plate so that the phase difference of the whole is a uniform value over the entire visible light wavelength range. This is because Here, Δn of the liquid crystal composition is set to 0.065 without using a retardation plate (for example, ZL manufactured by Merck Japan Co., Ltd.).
The liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be obtained even when a liquid crystal display element is prepared by using (for example, I-1165). In this case, in order to eliminate the chromatic dispersion characteristic, the incident light is colored by a color filter.
It is only necessary to disperse the light by using the above, and to control the drive voltage for each wavelength.
【００７５】このようにして得られた本液晶表示素子に
ＴＦＤを介して電圧を印加して電気光学特性（透過率−
印加電圧曲線）を測定した。透過率−印加電圧曲線を求
めるために、液晶表示素子に３波長蛍光管のバックライ
ト光を入射させ、透過率を測定したところ図５（ａ）に
示す特性と同等の特性を得た。僅か３ｖの印加電圧にて
最大コントラストを得た。印加電圧１．５ｖと３ｖ間に
おけるコントラスト比は４００：１であった。A voltage was applied to the thus obtained liquid crystal display device through the TFD to obtain electro-optical characteristics (transmittance-
The applied voltage curve) was measured. In order to obtain the transmittance-applied voltage curve, backlight light of a three-wavelength fluorescent tube was made incident on the liquid crystal display element, and the transmittance was measured. As a result, characteristics similar to those shown in FIG. 5 (a) were obtained. Maximum contrast was obtained with an applied voltage of only 3v. The contrast ratio between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 3v was 400: 1.
【００７６】印加電圧１．５ｖと３ｖ間において１６階
調表示をした際の応答時間を各階調間において測定した
ところ、最も応答速度が遅い階調間で立上がり１２ｍ
ｓ、立ち下がり２３ｍｓと従来のＴＮやＩＰＳモ−ドと
比較して極めて速い特性であった。また、前記ＴＦＤを
マルチプレックス駆動してＴＶ表示やコンピュ−タグラ
フィック表示を行い、その階調表示性能や色再現性を観
察したところ素子正面標高のみならず、あらゆる視角方
向において階調表示の反転がなく、色再現性に優れた表
示であることが確認された。印加電圧１．５ｖと３ｖ間
においてコントラスト比の視角特性を測定したところ、
視角６０゜コ−ン内においてコントラスト比２００：１
以上をえた。When the response time when displaying 16 gradations between the applied voltage of 1.5 v and 3 v was measured between the gradations, the rise time was 12 m between the gradations with the slowest response speed.
s, the fall was 23 ms, which was an extremely fast characteristic as compared with the conventional TN and IPS modes. In addition, when the TFD is driven in multiplex for TV display or computer graphic display, and its gradation display performance and color reproducibility are observed, not only the element front elevation but also the gradation display inversion in every viewing angle direction. It was confirmed that the display was excellent in color reproducibility. When the viewing angle characteristics of the contrast ratio were measured between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 3v,
A contrast ratio of 200: 1 within a 60 ° viewing angle
I got the above.
【００７７】（実施の形態２）図１０に示すような電極
構造配置からなる上基板（出射光側基板）として、ＲＧ
Ｂからなるカラ−フィルタ−層を電極下に有するＩＴＯ
ストライプパタ−ンニングガラス基板を用い、下基板と
してＭＩＭからなるスイッチング素子付きガラス基板を
用いた。この電極構造は図９に示す実施の形態と同じ
で、１画素Ｐ内にＲＧＢ３色用の電極を配置したもので
ある。梯子幅が３／１になる他は図９と電極形状は変わ
らない。このＭＩＭ基板における画素電極はＩＴＯを用
いた。双方の基板の画素電極に透明なＩＴＯを用いるこ
とにより、実用上の開口率を向上させ素子の透過率を高
めた。こうした基板を用いて、配向膜として（株）日本
合成ゴム製のＡＬ−１０５１（プレチルト角測定値１
゜）を形成し、図に示すように画素電極内の微細なスト
ライプパタ−ンと３０゜の角度をなし、上下基板を対向
させたときに１８０゜方位の異なる方向にラビング処理
を施し、前述したθの値が６０゜であり、ネマティック
液晶組成物が前記上下基板間でチルトを有するスプレイ
配列となる配向処理を施した。ここで液晶分子配列をθ
の値が６０゜となるようにしたのは、液晶分子が電界に
より４５゜以上回転するようにするためであり、また、
電界方位に対して４５゜に近い角度に設定することによ
り、液晶層にかかるトルクを大きくして応答速度を速め
るためである。(Embodiment 2) RG is used as an upper substrate (outgoing light side substrate) having an electrode structure arrangement as shown in FIG.
ITO having a color filter layer of B under the electrode
A striped pattern glass substrate was used, and a glass substrate with a switching element made of MIM was used as the lower substrate. This electrode structure is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, and electrodes for three colors of RGB are arranged in one pixel P. The electrode shape is the same as in FIG. 9 except that the ladder width is 3/1. ITO was used for the pixel electrode on this MIM substrate. By using transparent ITO for the pixel electrodes of both substrates, the practical aperture ratio was improved and the transmittance of the device was increased. Using such a substrate, as an alignment film, AL-1051 (pretilt angle measurement value 1 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) was used.
) Is formed, an angle of 30 ° is formed with the fine stripe pattern in the pixel electrode as shown in the figure, and when the upper and lower substrates are opposed to each other, rubbing treatment is performed in different directions of 180 °. The value of θ was 60 °, and the nematic liquid crystal composition was subjected to an alignment treatment so as to form a splay alignment having a tilt between the upper and lower substrates. Where the liquid crystal molecular alignment is θ
The value of is set to 60 ° in order to rotate the liquid crystal molecules by 45 ° or more due to the electric field.
This is because the torque applied to the liquid crystal layer is increased and the response speed is increased by setting the angle close to 45 ° with respect to the electric field direction.
【００７８】また、分子配列をスプレイ配列としたの
は、液晶分子配列を中性にして液晶分子配列を常に安定
化させるためである。この液晶分子配列を常に安定化さ
せる目的を実現する他の実施形態としては、チルトを有
さないユニフォ−ム配列がある。具体的には、配向膜に
微細な凹凸をパタ−ニング等により形成する手法や、配
向膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する方法や、斜方蒸着法、
高分子膜延伸法、ＤＩＰ法膜付け、転写法、ＬＢ膜、光
異性化法、磁場配向法、流動配向法、温度勾配法、ずり
応力法ぎばなどがあげられる。また、チルトを有するユ
ニフォ−ム配列を用いても、前記電極構成により得られ
る斜め電界の傾きに応じてユニフォ−ム配列のチルト方
位を設定すれば、液晶分子配列は常に安定化する。これ
の具体的な実施形態としては前述したＤＤＴＮに用いら
れているような配向分割手法が適用できる。Further, the reason why the molecular alignment is the splay alignment is that the liquid crystal molecular alignment is neutralized and the liquid crystal molecular alignment is always stabilized. Another embodiment for realizing the purpose of always stabilizing the liquid crystal molecule arrangement is a uniform arrangement having no tilt. Specifically, a method of forming fine unevenness on the alignment film by patterning or the like, a method of irradiating the alignment film with polarized ultraviolet rays, or an oblique vapor deposition method,
Polymer film stretching method, DIP method film attachment, transfer method, LB film, photoisomerization method, magnetic field orientation method, flow orientation method, temperature gradient method, shear stress method Giba and the like can be mentioned. Even when a uniform alignment having a tilt is used, the liquid crystal molecular alignment is always stabilized by setting the tilt azimuth of the uniform alignment according to the tilt of the oblique electric field obtained by the electrode configuration. As a concrete embodiment of this, the orientation division method as used in the above-mentioned DDTN can be applied.
【００７９】しかる後、下基板側に基板間隙剤として液
晶層厚が５．０μｍとなるよう（株）積水ファインケミ
カル製の微粒子：ミクロパ−ル（粒径５．０μｍ）を分
散密度１００個／ｍｍ2 となるよう乾式散布法にて散布
して、これら基板間に誘電異方性が正の液晶材料として
（株）メルクジャパン製ＺＬＩ−２２９３（Δｎ＝0.13
2:λ＝５９０ｎｍ）を挟持して本発明の液晶表示素子を
得た。Then, microparticles (particle size: 5.0 μm) manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., having a dispersion density of 100 particles / mm, were used as a substrate spacing agent on the lower substrate side so that the liquid crystal layer had a thickness of 5.0 μm. It was sprayed by a dry spraying method so as to be 2 and a liquid crystal material having positive dielectric anisotropy was used as a liquid crystal material between these substrates ZLI-2293 (Δn = 0.13 manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd.).
2: λ = 590 nm) was sandwiched to obtain a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
【００８０】しかる後、上基板外面にポリカ−ボネイト
からなる位相差板（Ｒ＝３６０ｎｍ：λ＝５９０ｎｍ）
を光軸が前記液晶分子配列方向と直交するようにはりあ
わせ、しかる後、その上に偏光板を吸収軸が前記液晶分
子配列方向と平行となるようはりあわせ、また、下基板
外面に、偏光板を吸収軸が前記液晶分子配列方向と直交
するようにはりあわせて、本発明の液晶表示素子に用い
る液晶セルを得た。After that, a retardation plate made of polycarbonate (R = 360 nm: λ = 590 nm) is formed on the outer surface of the upper substrate.
Is aligned so that the optical axis is orthogonal to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction, and then a polarizing plate is bonded thereon so that the absorption axis is parallel to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction, and the polarization is applied to the outer surface of the lower substrate. The plates were laminated so that the absorption axis was perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction to obtain a liquid crystal cell used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
【００８１】このようにして得られた本発明の液晶表示
素子にＴＦＤを介して電圧を印加して電気光学特性（透
過率−印加電圧曲線）を測定した。透過率−印加電圧曲
線を求めるために、液晶表示素子に３波長管のバックラ
イト光を入射させ、透過率を測定したところ図５（ｃ）
に示す特性と同等の特性を得た。僅か４ｖの印加電圧に
て最大コントラストを得た。印加電圧１．５ｖと４ｖ間
におけるコントラスト比は４００：１であった。印加電
圧１．５ｖと４ｖ間において１６階調表示をした際の応
答時間を各階調間において測定したところ、最も応答速
度が遅い階調間で立上がり７ｍｓ、立ち下がり１５ｍｓ
と従来のＴＮやＩＰＳモ−ドと比較して極めて速い特性
であった。また、前述したθ＝９０゜のセルと比較し
て、より速いあたいであった。また、前記ＴＦＤをマル
チプレックス駆動してＴＶ表示やコンピュ−タグラフィ
ック表示を行い、その階調表示性能や色再現性を観察し
たところ素子正面標高のみならず、あらゆる視角方向に
おいて階調表示の反転がなく、色再現性に優れた表示で
あることが確認された。印加電圧１．５ｖと４ｖ間にお
いてコントラスト比の視角特性を測定したところ、視角
６０゜コ−ン内においてコントラスト比２００：１以上
をえた。A voltage was applied to the thus obtained liquid crystal display device of the present invention via TFD, and the electro-optical characteristics (transmittance-applied voltage curve) were measured. In order to obtain a transmittance-applied voltage curve, backlight of a three-wavelength tube was made incident on the liquid crystal display element, and the transmittance was measured.
The characteristics equivalent to those shown in were obtained. Maximum contrast was obtained with an applied voltage of only 4v. The contrast ratio between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 4v was 400: 1. When the response time when displaying 16 gradations between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 4v was measured between the gradations, the rising time was 7ms and the falling time was 15ms between the gradations with the slowest response speed.
The characteristics were extremely fast as compared with the conventional TN and IPS modes. In addition, it was faster than the above-mentioned cell of θ = 90 °. In addition, when the TFD is driven in multiplex for TV display or computer graphic display, and its gradation display performance and color reproducibility are observed, not only the element front elevation but also the gradation display inversion in every viewing angle direction. It was confirmed that the display was excellent in color reproducibility. When the viewing angle characteristic of the contrast ratio was measured between the applied voltage of 1.5 v and 4 v, the contrast ratio was 200: 1 or more within the viewing angle of 60 °.
【００８２】（実施の形態３）図１２に示すような構造
からなる上基板（出射光側基板）として、ＲＧＢからな
るカラ−フィルタ−層を電極下に有するＩＴＯべた電極
つきガラス基板を用い、下基板としてＴＦＴからなるス
イッチング素子付きガラス基板を用いた。すなわち図１
０に示す実施の形態２と変わるところはスイッチング素
子にＴＦＴ１８−２を用いることであり、このため、対
抗する下基板すなわち光側基板の電極６は非導体部６−
３を複数個有するべた電極となる。のＴＦＴ基板におけ
る画素電極はＩＴＯを用いた。双方の基板の画素電極に
透明なＩＴＯを用いることにより、実用上の開口率を向
上させ素子の透過率を高めた。こうした基板を用いて、
配向膜として（株）日本合成ゴム製のＡＬ−１０５１
（プレチルト角測定値１゜）を形成し、図に示すように
画素電極内の微細なストライプパタ−ンと６０゜の角度
をなし、上下基板を対向させたときに１８０゜方位の異
なる方向にラビング処理を施し、前述したθの値が３０
゜であり、ネマティック液晶組成物が前記上下基板間で
チルトを有するユニフォ−ム配列となる配向処理を施し
た。ここでは誘電異方性が負のネマティック液晶を用い
ており、ここで液晶分子配列をθの値が３０゜となるよ
うにしたのは、液晶分子が電界により４５゜以上回転す
るようにするためであり、また、電界方位に対して４５
゜に近い角度に設定することにより、液晶層にかかるト
ルクを大きくして応答速度を速めるためである。また、
分子配列をユニフォ−ム配列としたのは、液晶分子配列
を常に安定化させるためである。(Embodiment 3) A glass substrate with an ITO solid electrode having a color filter layer made of RGB under the electrode is used as an upper substrate (outgoing light side substrate) having a structure as shown in FIG. A glass substrate with a switching element made of TFT was used as the lower substrate. That is, FIG.
The difference from the second embodiment shown in FIG. 0 is that the TFT 18-2 is used as the switching element. Therefore, the electrode 6 of the lower substrate, ie, the light side substrate, which opposes the non-conductor portion 6-
It becomes a solid electrode having a plurality of 3. ITO was used for the pixel electrode on the TFT substrate. By using transparent ITO for the pixel electrodes of both substrates, the practical aperture ratio was improved and the transmittance of the device was increased. With such a substrate,
AL-1051 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. as an alignment film
(Measured value of pretilt angle 1 °) is formed, and it makes an angle of 60 ° with the fine stripe pattern in the pixel electrode as shown in the figure. After rubbing treatment, the value of θ is 30
And the nematic liquid crystal composition was subjected to an alignment treatment so that the nematic liquid crystal composition has a uniform alignment having a tilt between the upper and lower substrates. Here, a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used, and the liquid crystal molecule is arranged so that the value of θ is 30 ° in order to rotate the liquid crystal molecule by 45 ° or more by the electric field. And 45 with respect to the electric field direction.
This is because the torque applied to the liquid crystal layer is increased and the response speed is increased by setting the angle close to °. Also,
The reason why the molecular alignment is uniform is that the liquid crystal molecular alignment is always stabilized.
【００８３】しかる後、下基板側に基板間隙剤として液
晶層厚が５．０μｍとなるよう（株）積水ファインケミ
カル製の微粒子：ミクロパ−ル（粒径５．０μｍ）を分
散密度１００個／ｍｍ2 となるよう乾式散布法にて散布
して、これら基板間に誘電異方性が負の液晶材料として
（株）メルクジャパン製ＺＬＩ−４３３０（Δｎ＝0.14
7:λ＝５９０ｎｍ）を挟持して本発明の液晶表示素子を
得た。Thereafter, fine particles (microparticles: particle size: 5.0 μm) manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. having a dispersion density of 100 particles / mm were used as a substrate spacing agent on the lower substrate side so that the liquid crystal layer had a thickness of 5.0 μm. 2 by a dry spraying method, and ZLI-4330 (Δn = 0.14) manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd. as a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy between the substrates.
7: λ = 590 nm) was sandwiched to obtain a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
【００８４】しかる後、上基板外面にポリカ−ボネイト
からなる位相差板（Ｒ＝３６０ｎｍ：λ＝５９０ｎｍ）
を光軸が前記液晶分子配列方向と直交するようにはりあ
わせ、しかる後、その上に偏光板を吸収軸が前記液晶分
子配列方向と平行となるようはりあわせ、また、下基板
外面に、偏光板を吸収軸が前記液晶分子配列方向と直交
するようにはりあわせて、本発明の液晶表示素子に用い
る液晶セルを得た。After that, a retardation plate made of polycarbonate on the outer surface of the upper substrate (R = 360 nm: λ = 590 nm)
Is aligned so that the optical axis is orthogonal to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction, and then a polarizing plate is bonded thereon so that the absorption axis is parallel to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction, and the polarization is applied to the outer surface of the lower substrate. The plates were laminated so that the absorption axis was perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction to obtain a liquid crystal cell used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
【００８５】このようにして得られた本発明の液晶表示
素子にＴＦＤを介して電圧を印加して電気光学特性（透
過率−印加電圧曲線）を測定した。透過率−印加電圧曲
線を求めるために、液晶表示素子に３波長管のバックラ
イト光を入射させ、透過率を測定したところ図５（ｃ）
にし酢特性と同等の特性を得た。僅か４ｖの印加電圧に
て最大コントラストを得た。印加電圧１．５ｖと４ｖ間
におけるコントラスト比は４００：１であった。印加電
圧１．５ｖと４ｖ間において１６階調表示をした際の応
答時間を各階調間において測定したところ、最も応答速
度が遅い階調間で立上がり７ｍｓ、立ち下がり１５ｍｓ
と従来のＴＮやＩＰＳモ−ドと比較して極めて速い特性
であった。また、前述したθ＝９０゜のセルと比較し
て、より速いあたいであった。また、前記ＴＦＴをＴＦ
Ｔ駆動してＴＶ表示やコンピュ−タグラフィック表示を
行い、その階調表示性能や色再現性を観察したところ素
子正面標高のみならず、あらゆる視角方向において階調
表示の反転がなく、色再現性に優れた表示であることが
確認された。印加電圧１．５ｖと４ｖ間においてコント
ラスト比の視角特性を測定したところ、視角６０゜コ−
ン内においてコントラスト比２００：１以上をえた。A voltage was applied to the thus obtained liquid crystal display device of the present invention through TFD to measure electro-optical characteristics (transmittance-applied voltage curve). In order to obtain a transmittance-applied voltage curve, backlight of a three-wavelength tube was made incident on the liquid crystal display element, and the transmittance was measured.
The same characteristics as the vinegar characteristics were obtained. Maximum contrast was obtained with an applied voltage of only 4v. The contrast ratio between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 4v was 400: 1. When the response time when displaying 16 gradations between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 4v was measured between the gradations, the rising time was 7ms and the falling time was 15ms between the gradations with the slowest response speed.
The characteristics were extremely fast as compared with the conventional TN and IPS modes. In addition, it was faster than the above-mentioned cell of θ = 90 °. In addition, the TFT is TF
When the T display is used for TV display or computer graphic display, and the gradation display performance and color reproducibility are observed, there is no reversal of the gradation display not only in the elevation elevation of the element but also in any viewing angle direction, and color reproducibility. It was confirmed that the display was excellent. When the viewing angle characteristics of the contrast ratio were measured between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 4v, the viewing angle was 60 °.
In contrast, a contrast ratio of 200: 1 or more was obtained.
【００８６】（実施の形態４）図１１に示すような構造
からなる上基板（出射光側基板）として、ＩＴＯべた電
極つきガラス基板を用い、下基板としてＴＦＴからなる
スイッチング素子付きガラス基板を用いた。すなわち図
９、図示の実施の形態１と変わるところはスイッチング
素子にＴＦＴ１８−２を用いることであり、このため対
抗する下基板すなわち光側基板の電極６は非導体部６−
３を複数個有するべた電極となる。このＴＦＴ基板にお
ける画素電極はＩＴＯを用いた。双方の基板の画素電極
に透明なＩＴＯを用いることにより、実用上の開口率を
向上させ素子の透過率を高めた。こうした基板を用い
て、配向膜として（株）日本合成ゴム製のＡＬ−１０５
１（プレチルト角測定値１゜）を形成し、図に示すよう
に画素電極内の微細なストライプパタ−ンと８５゜の角
度をなし、上下基板を対向させたときに１８０゜方位の
異なる方向にラビング処理を施し、前述したθの値が５
゜であり、ネマティック液晶組成物が前記上下基板間で
チルトを有するスプレイ配列となる配向処理を施した。
ここでは誘電異方性が負のネマティック液晶を用いてお
り、ここで液晶分子配列をθの値が５゜となるようにし
たのは、液晶分子が電界により４５゜以上回転するよう
にするためであり、また、回転の度合いを高めることに
より駆動電圧を低減するためである。また、分子配列を
スプレイ配列としたのは、液晶分子配列を中性にして液
晶分子配列を常に安定化させるためである。(Embodiment 4) A glass substrate with an ITO solid electrode is used as an upper substrate (emission light side substrate) having a structure as shown in FIG. 11, and a glass substrate with a switching element made of TFT is used as a lower substrate. I was there. That is, what is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 9 is that the TFT 18-2 is used as a switching element. Therefore, the electrode 6 of the lower substrate, ie, the light-side substrate, which opposes the non-conductor portion 6-.
It becomes a solid electrode having a plurality of 3. ITO was used for the pixel electrode on this TFT substrate. By using transparent ITO for the pixel electrodes of both substrates, the practical aperture ratio was improved and the transmittance of the device was increased. Using such a substrate, AL-105 manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. is used as an alignment film.
1 (pre-tilt angle measurement value 1 °) is formed, and an angle of 85 ° is formed with the fine stripe pattern in the pixel electrode as shown in the figure, and when the upper and lower substrates are opposed to each other, 180 ° azimuth directions are different. Rubbing treatment is applied, and the above-mentioned value of θ is 5
And the nematic liquid crystal composition was subjected to an alignment treatment so that the nematic liquid crystal composition has a splay alignment having a tilt between the upper and lower substrates.
Here, a nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used. Here, the liquid crystal molecule arrangement is made so that the value of θ is 5 ° in order to rotate the liquid crystal molecules by 45 ° or more by the electric field. This is also for reducing the drive voltage by increasing the degree of rotation. Further, the reason why the molecular alignment is the splay alignment is that the liquid crystal molecular alignment is neutralized and the liquid crystal molecular alignment is always stabilized.
【００８７】しかる後、下基板側に基板間隙剤として液
晶層厚が５．０μｍとなるよう（株）積水ファインケミ
カル製の微粒子：ミクロパ−ル（粒径５．０μｍ）を分
散密度１００個／ｍｍ2 となるよう乾式散布法にて散布
して、これら基板間に誘電異方性が負の液晶材料として
（株）メルクジャパン製ＺＬＩ−４３３０（Δｎ＝0.14
7:λ＝５９０ｎｍ）を挟持して本発明の液晶表示素子を
得た。Thereafter, fine particles (microparticles: particle size 5.0 μm) manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. having a liquid crystal layer thickness of 5.0 μm were dispersed on the lower substrate side so that the liquid crystal layer thickness was 5.0 μm. 2 by a dry spraying method, and ZLI-4330 (Δn = 0.14) manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd. as a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy between the substrates.
7: λ = 590 nm) was sandwiched to obtain a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
【００８８】しかる後、上基板外面にポリカ−ボネイト
からなる位相差板（Ｒ＝３６０ｎｍ：λ＝５９０ｎｍ）
を光軸が前記液晶分子配列方向と直交するようにはりあ
わせ、しかる後、その上に偏光板を吸収軸が前記液晶分
子配列方向と平行となるようはりあわせ、また、下基板
外面に、偏光板を吸収軸が前記液晶分子配列方向と直交
するようにはりあわせて、本発明の液晶表示素子に用い
る液晶セルを得た。After that, a retardation plate made of polycarbonate (R = 360 nm: λ = 590 nm) is formed on the outer surface of the upper substrate.
Is aligned so that the optical axis is orthogonal to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction, and then a polarizing plate is bonded thereon so that the absorption axis is parallel to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction. The plates were laminated so that the absorption axis was perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecule alignment direction to obtain a liquid crystal cell used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
【００８９】このようにして得られた本発明の液晶表示
素子にＴＦＤを介して電圧を印加して電気光学特性（透
過率−印加電圧曲線）を測定した。透過率−印加電圧曲
線を求めるために、液晶表示素子に３波長管のバックラ
イト光を入射させ、透過率を測定したところ図５（ａ）
にし酢特性と同等の特性を得た。僅か３ｖの印加電圧に
て最大コントラストを得た。印加電圧１．５ｖと４ｖ間
におけるコントラスト比は４００：１であった。印加電
圧１．５ｖと３ｖ間において１６階調表示をした際の応
答時間を各階調間において測定したところ、最も応答速
度が遅い階調間で立上がり７ｍｓ、立ち下がり１５ｍｓ
と従来のＴＮやＩＰＳモ−ドと比較して極めて速い特性
であった。また、前述したθ＝９０゜のセルと比較し
て、より速い値であった。A voltage was applied to the thus obtained liquid crystal display device of the present invention through TFD to measure electro-optical characteristics (transmittance-applied voltage curve). In order to obtain the transmittance-applied voltage curve, the backlight of a three-wavelength tube was made incident on the liquid crystal display element, and the transmittance was measured.
The same characteristics as the vinegar characteristics were obtained. Maximum contrast was obtained with an applied voltage of only 3v. The contrast ratio between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 4v was 400: 1. When the response time when displaying 16 gradations between the applied voltage of 1.5v and 3v is measured between the gradations, the rising time is 7ms and the falling time is 15ms between the gradations with the slowest response speed.
The characteristics were extremely fast as compared with the conventional TN and IPS modes. The value was faster than that of the above-mentioned cell of θ = 90 °.
【００９０】また、前記ＴＦＴをＴＦＴ駆動してＴＶ表
示やコンピュ−タグラフィック表示を行い、その階調表
示性能や色再現性を観察したところ素子正面方向のみな
らず、あらゆる視角方向において階調表示の反転がな
く、色再現性に優れた表示であることが確認された。印
加電圧１．５ｖと３ｖ間においてコントラスト比の視角
特性を測定したところ、視角６０゜コ−ン内においてコ
ントラスト比２００：１以上をえた。Further, when the TFT is driven by TFT to perform TV display or computer graphic display, and the gradation display performance and color reproducibility thereof are observed, gradation display is performed not only in the front direction of the element but also in any viewing angle direction. It was confirmed that there was no inversion and the display was excellent in color reproducibility. When the viewing angle characteristic of the contrast ratio was measured between the applied voltage of 1.5 v and 3 v, the contrast ratio was 200: 1 or more within the viewing angle of 60 °.
【００９１】なお、上記実施の形態で、特有の材料を用
い、特有の製法にて液晶表示素子を得ているが、本発明
の作用を得る材料及び条件であれば同様の効果を得るこ
とはいうまでも無く、また、スイイチング素子を用い
ず、スタティック駆動しても単純マトリクス駆動による
マルチプレックス駆動しても、同様の効果は得られる。In the above embodiment, a liquid crystal display device is obtained by using a unique material and a unique manufacturing method. However, the same effect can be obtained as long as the material and conditions are such that the action of the present invention can be obtained. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained by performing static drive or simple matrix drive multiplex drive without using a switching element.
【００９２】[0092]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば視野角が広く、透過率が
高く、高速応答であり、色再現性に優れた液晶表示素子
が得られる。According to the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle, high transmittance, high-speed response and excellent color reproducibility can be obtained.
【図１】本発明の液晶表示素子の構成を説明するもの
で、（ａ）は光学構成の略図、（ｂ）は平面図、（ｃ）
は断面構成図、1A and 1B are views for explaining the configuration of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention, where FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an optical configuration, FIG. 1B is a plan view, and FIG.
Is a cross-sectional diagram,
【図２】従来技術のＯＣＢモ−ドの構成を説明する図、FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of an OCB mode of the prior art;
【図３】（ａ）乃至（ｅ）は本発明の液晶表示素子の電
界、電気力線、液晶分子配列、θを説明する略図、3A to 3E are schematic diagrams for explaining electric field, lines of electric force, liquid crystal molecule alignment, and θ of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention,
【図４】ＥＣＢモ−ドの透過光強度の計算結果を示す曲
線図、FIG. 4 is a curve diagram showing a calculation result of transmitted light intensity of an ECB mode,
【図５】本発明の液晶表示素子の電気光学特性の測定結
果を示す曲線図、FIG. 5 is a curve diagram showing measurement results of electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention,
【図６】本発明の液晶表示素子の電気光学特性の波長分
散特性の測定結果の一例を示す曲線図、FIG. 6 is a curve diagram showing an example of measurement results of wavelength dispersion characteristics of electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention,
【図７】本発明の液晶表示素子の電気光学特性の測定結
果を示す曲線図、FIG. 7 is a curve diagram showing measurement results of electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention,
【図８】（ａ）乃至（ｃ）は本発明の液晶表示素子の光
学層のリタ−デ−ション値と位相差Ｒ／λの波長分散特
性を説明する曲線図、8A to 8C are curve diagrams illustrating wavelength dispersion characteristics of retardation value and phase difference R / λ of the optical layer of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention,
【図９】本発明の液晶表示素子の１実施の形態を説明す
るもので、（ａ）は上基板画素形状の平面図、（ｂ）は
上基板の有効表示領域の平面図、（ｃ）は下基板画素形
状の平面図、（ｄ）は下基板の有効表示領域の平面図、9A and 9B are views for explaining one embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention, where FIG. 9A is a plan view of an upper substrate pixel shape, FIG. 9B is a plan view of an effective display region of the upper substrate, and FIG. Is a plan view of the lower substrate pixel shape, (d) is a plan view of the effective display area of the lower substrate,
【図１０】本発明の他の実施の形態を説明するもので、
（ａ）は上基板画素形状の平面図、（ｂ）は上基板の有
効表示領域の平面図、（ｃ）は下基板画素形状の平面
図、（ｄ）は下基板の有効表示領域の平面図、FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
(A) is a plan view of the upper substrate pixel shape, (b) is a plan view of the effective display area of the upper substrate, (c) is a plan view of the lower substrate pixel shape, and (d) is a plan view of the effective display area of the lower substrate. Figure,
【図１１】本発明の他の実施の形態を説明するもので、
（ａ）は上基板画素形状の平面図、（ｂ）は上基板の有
効表示領域の平面図、（ｃ）は下基板画素形状の平面
図、（ｄ）は下基板の有効表示領域の平面図、FIG. 11 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
(A) is a plan view of the upper substrate pixel shape, (b) is a plan view of the effective display area of the upper substrate, (c) is a plan view of the lower substrate pixel shape, and (d) is a plan view of the effective display area of the lower substrate. Figure,
【図１２】本発明の他の実施の形態を説明するもので、
（ａ）は上基板画素形状の平面図、（ｂ）は上基板の有
効表示領域の平面図、（ｃ）は下基板画素形状の平面
図、（ｄ）は下基板の有効表示領域の平面図、FIG. 12 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.
(A) is a plan view of the upper substrate pixel shape, (b) is a plan view of the effective display area of the upper substrate, (c) is a plan view of the lower substrate pixel shape, and (d) is a plan view of the effective display area of the lower substrate. Figure,
【図１３】（ａ）乃至（ｄ）は本発明の作用を説明する
略図。13 (a) to (d) are schematic diagrams for explaining the operation of the present invention.
１、２…基板 ３、４…偏光板 ５、６…電極 ７…液晶層 ８…位相差板 ５−２、６−２…導電体部 ５−３、６−３…非導電体部 1, 2 ... Substrate 3, 4 ... Polarizing plate 5, 6 ... Electrode 7 ... Liquid crystal layer 8 ... Retardation plate 5-2, 6-2 ... Conductor part 5-3, 6-3 ... Non-conductor part
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 羽藤 仁 神奈川県横浜市磯子区新杉田町８番地 株 式会社東芝横浜事業所内 (72)発明者 佐藤 摩希子 神奈川県横浜市磯子区新杉田町８番地 株 式会社東芝横浜事業所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hitoshi Hato 8 Shinsita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Stock company Toshiba Yokohama office (72) Inventor Makiko Sato 8 Shinsugita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Company Toshiba Yokohama Office
Claims (13)
形成する電極をそれぞれ有する２枚の基板間に液晶層を
挟持してなる液晶表示素子において、前記両基板の電極
が画素毎に、微細な領域を単位とした導電体部と非導電
体部からなり、前記両基板電極の素子法線方向での断面
形状を見た時、一方の基板のみに導電体部を有する幅Ｒ
Ｅ、及び他方の基板のみに導電体部を有する幅ＦＥ、両
基板とも非導電体部である幅ＳＳが順に、 ＲＥ・ＳＳ・ＦＥ・ＳＳ・ＲＥ・ＳＳ・ＦＥ・ＳＳ・…
…とＳＳを挟んでＲＥとＦＥが交互に配置される断面形
状となっており、かつ少なくとも各画素毎にＲＥ、ＦＥ
それぞれが画素のどこかで電気的に一つにつながった電
極構造からなり、前記液晶層に斜め電界を印加できる構
造としたことを特徴とする液晶表示素子。1. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between two substrates each having electrodes forming a plurality of pixels facing each other between two polarizing plates, wherein the electrodes on both substrates are pixels. Each of them consists of a conductor part and a non-conductor part in a unit of a fine region, and when the cross-sectional shape of the substrate electrodes in the element normal direction is seen, the width having the conductor part only on one substrate R
E, a width FE having a conductor portion only on the other substrate, and a width SS which is a non-conductor portion on both substrates in order are RE, SS, FE, SS, RE, SS, FE, SS, ...
And SS are sandwiched between RE and FE, and RE and FE are arranged at least for each pixel.
A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that each of them has an electrode structure electrically connected to one another somewhere in the pixel, and has a structure capable of applying an oblique electric field to the liquid crystal layer.
ｎＯｘなどからなる透明電極であることを特徴とする請
求項１の液晶表示素子。2. At least a part of the electrode is ITO, S
The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, which is a transparent electrode made of nOx or the like.
マティック液晶組成物からなり、前記ネマティック液晶
組成物は、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態に
おいて、液晶表示素子平面と略平行かつ、液晶表示素子
平面での方位が一様である分子配列であり、隣接する前
記ＦＥ，ＲＥ間に印加できる斜め電界の液晶表示素子平
面での方位（スカラ−Ｅ）と液晶分子の液晶表示素子平
面での方位（スカラ−ＬＣ）のなす角θが、４５゜乃至
９０゜であることを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の
液晶表示素子。3. The liquid crystal layer is composed of a nematic liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy, and the nematic liquid crystal composition is substantially parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. In addition, the orientation of molecules is such that the orientation is uniform in the plane of the liquid crystal display element, and the orientation (scalar-E) in the plane of the liquid crystal display element of the oblique electric field that can be applied between the adjacent FE and RE and the liquid crystal display of the liquid crystal molecules. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein an angle [theta] formed by an azimuth (scalar-LC) on the device plane is 45 [deg.] To 90 [deg.].
θが、４５゜乃至６０゜であることを特徴とする請求項
３記載の液晶表示素子。4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein an angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 45 ° to 60 °.
θが、８０゜乃至９０゜の時、前記液晶表示素子に電圧
を印加しない状態において前記液晶分子配列が、チルト
を有するユニフォ−ム配列であり、前記スカラ−Ｅとス
カラ−ＬＣのなす角θが、４５゜乃至８０゜未満の時、
前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態において前記
液晶分子配列が、スプレイ配列もしくはチルトを有さな
い（前記液晶表示素子平面に平行である）ユニフォ−ム
配列からなり、前記電極構造により得られる斜め電界及
び前記液晶分子配列により、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を
印加した状態における液晶分子の捩じれ方向が規定され
ことを特徴とする請求項４記載の液晶表示素子。5. When the angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 80 ° to 90 °, the liquid crystal molecule array has a tilt in a uniform state when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. When the angle θ between the scalar E and the scalar LC is 45 ° to less than 80 °,
The liquid crystal molecule array in the state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element is a splay array or a uniform array having no tilt (parallel to the liquid crystal display element plane), 5. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 4, wherein the twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules in a state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element is defined by the electric field and the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.
マティック液晶組成物からなり、前記ネマティック液晶
組成物は、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態に
おいて、液晶表示素子平面と略平行かつ、液晶表示素子
平面での方位が一様である分子配列であり、隣接する前
記ＦＥ，ＲＥ間に印加できる斜め電界の液晶表示素子平
面での方位（スカラ−Ｅ）と液晶分子の液晶表示素子平
面での方位（スカラ−ＬＣ）のなす角θが、０゜乃至４
５゜であることを特徴とする請求項１または、２記載の
液晶表示素子。6. The liquid crystal layer is made of a nematic liquid crystal composition having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and the nematic liquid crystal composition is substantially parallel to a plane of the liquid crystal display element when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. In addition, the orientation of molecules is such that the orientation is uniform in the plane of the liquid crystal display element, and the orientation (scalar E) in the plane of the liquid crystal display element of an oblique electric field that can be applied between the adjacent FE and RE and the liquid crystal display of the liquid crystal molecules The angle θ formed by the azimuth (scalar-LC) on the element plane is 0 ° to 4
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid crystal display device has an angle of 5 °.
θが、３０゜乃至４５゜であることを特徴とする請求項
６記載の液晶表示素子。7. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein an angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 30 ° to 45 °.
θが、０゜乃至１０゜未満の時、前記液晶表示素子に電
圧を印加しない状態において前記液晶分子配列が、スプ
レイ配列もしくはチルトを有さない（前記液晶表示素子
平面に平行である）ユニフォ−ム配列からなり、前記ス
カラ−Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのなす角θが、１０゜乃至４５
゜の時、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態にお
いて前記液晶分子配列が、チルトを有するユニフォ−ム
配列であり、前記電極構造により得られる斜め電界及び
前記液晶分子配列により、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印
加した状態における液晶分子の捩じれ方向が規定されこ
とを特徴とする請求項１、２、６及び７記載の液晶表示
素子。8. When the angle θ between the scalar-E and the scalar-LC is 0 ° to less than 10 °, the liquid crystal molecular alignment is splayed or tilted when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. It has a uniform array (not parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal display element), and the angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is 10 ° to 45 °.
When the liquid crystal display element is at a temperature of 0 °, the liquid crystal molecule array is a uniform array having a tilt when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element, and the liquid crystal display element is formed by the oblique electric field and the liquid crystal molecule array obtained by the electrode structure. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules is defined in the state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display device.
θが４５゜乃至８０゜未満の時、 もしくは請求項６の液晶表示素子であり、前記スカラ−
Ｅとスカラ−ＬＣのなす角θが０゜乃至１０゜未満の
時、 前記液晶表示素子に電圧を印加しない状態において前記
液晶分子配列が、チルトを有するユニフォ−ム配列であ
り、 前記液晶分子のチルト方位が、前記斜め電界の方位毎に
異なるよう少なくとも２種の方位からなる配向分割がな
されていることを特徴とする請求項１、２、３、及び６
のいずれかに記載の液晶表示素子。9. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the angle θ formed by the scalar E and the scalar LC is between 45 ° and less than 80 °.
When the angle θ formed by E and the scalar LC is 0 ° to less than 10 °, the liquid crystal molecule array is a uniform array having a tilt in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element. 7. The orientation division comprising at least two types of orientations is made so that the tilt orientation is different for each orientation of the oblique electric field.
5. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of 1.
依存性を解消するように前記偏光板間に位相差板、光学
補償板もしくはこれらの機能を得る膜を加えた構造から
なることを特徴とした請求項１乃至９のいずれかに記載
の液晶表示素子。10. A structure having a structure in which a retardation plate, an optical compensation plate, or a film having these functions is added between the polarizing plates so as to eliminate the wavelength dependence of the phase difference caused by the liquid crystal layer. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device.
交するよう配置されており、前記液晶表示素子に電圧を
印加しない状態において前記液晶分子の液晶表示素子平
面での配列方位が、前記２枚の偏光板の一方の吸収軸と
平行に配置されていることを特徴とした請求項１乃至１
０のいずれかに記載の液晶表示素子。11. The two polarizing plates are arranged such that their absorption axes are orthogonal to each other, and the alignment orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display element plane in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element, The polarizing plate is arranged parallel to one absorption axis of the two polarizing plates.
0. The liquid crystal display element according to 0.
素子を有するアクティブマトリクス基板であることを特
徴とした請求項１乃至１１のいずれかに記載の液晶表示
素子。12. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the substrates is an active matrix substrate having a switching element.
タ−を有することを特徴とした請求項１乃至１２のいず
れかに記載の液晶表示素子。13. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the substrates has a color filter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32030095A JPH09160042A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1995-12-08 | Liquid crystal display element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32030095A JPH09160042A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1995-12-08 | Liquid crystal display element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09160042A true JPH09160042A (en) | 1997-06-20 |
Family
ID=18119964
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32030095A Pending JPH09160042A (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1995-12-08 | Liquid crystal display element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09160042A (en) |
Cited By (77)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10228016A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-08-25 | Nec Corp | Active matrix liquid crystal display panel |
| US6356329B1 (en) | 1997-07-14 | 2002-03-12 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus with reduced visual angle degradation |
| US6642984B1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2003-11-04 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corporation | Liquid crystal display apparatus having wide transparent electrode and stripe electrodes |
| US6842207B2 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 2005-01-11 | Nec Corporation | Active matrix liquid crystal display panel |
| JP2009025834A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2009-02-05 | Sharp Corp | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
| JP2013054300A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-21 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013054301A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-21 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013057790A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-28 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013064888A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-04-11 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8421976B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-04-16 | Japan Display Central Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8421977B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2013-04-16 | Japan Display Central Inc. | Liquid crystal display device with pixel electrode having trapezoidal shape |
| JP2013088555A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-05-13 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8542329B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2013-09-24 | Japan Display Central Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8605244B2 (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2013-12-10 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8724065B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2014-05-13 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8743332B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2014-06-03 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8749726B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2014-06-10 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8786534B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2014-07-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8786790B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2014-07-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8797482B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2014-08-05 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8867006B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2014-10-21 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8873010B2 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2014-10-28 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8873009B2 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2014-10-28 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8873008B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2014-10-28 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8885132B2 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2014-11-11 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8896795B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2014-11-25 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8902391B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2014-12-02 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing liquid crystal display device |
| US8902390B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2014-12-02 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device having a cross-shaped pixel electrode |
| US8953130B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2015-02-10 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9019439B2 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2015-04-28 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9025097B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2015-05-05 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9025101B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2015-05-05 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display |
| US9030393B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2015-05-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9030636B2 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2015-05-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
| US9046719B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2015-06-02 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9052552B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2015-06-09 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9052555B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2015-06-09 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9075278B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2015-07-07 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9075271B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2015-07-07 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9081242B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-07-14 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9086602B2 (en) | 2011-09-01 | 2015-07-21 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9097944B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2015-08-04 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device having particular electrodes structure |
| US9110341B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2015-08-18 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9116568B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2015-08-25 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9116402B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2015-08-25 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9122111B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2015-09-01 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9134577B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9134578B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9135873B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9134576B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9140938B2 (en) | 2012-04-06 | 2015-09-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9146434B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2015-09-29 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device having particular electrodes structure |
| US9164333B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-10-20 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9164330B2 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2015-10-20 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display with horizontal inter-electrode distance and dielectric constant anisotropy of a liquid crystal layer |
| US9182639B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-11-10 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9217904B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2015-12-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device with a lateral electric field |
| US9235086B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2016-01-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9244322B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2016-01-26 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9250486B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2016-02-02 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9268178B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2016-02-23 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9268179B2 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2016-02-23 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device utilizing a lateral electric field |
| US9274386B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2016-03-01 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
| US9280016B2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2016-03-08 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9291865B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2016-03-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9291862B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2016-03-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display apparatus with first and second spacers |
| US9304343B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2016-04-05 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9310652B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2016-04-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9316872B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2016-04-19 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device that expands the transmissive area |
| US9341900B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2016-05-17 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9395586B2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2016-07-19 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9424786B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2016-08-23 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9436042B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2016-09-06 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device including first to third wirings and a pixel electrode, and method of manufacturing the same |
| US9470938B2 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2016-10-18 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9709860B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2017-07-18 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9791757B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2017-10-17 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device and display device |
| US9915840B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2018-03-13 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US10007138B2 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2018-06-26 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device and substrate for display device |
-
1995
- 1995-12-08 JP JP32030095A patent/JPH09160042A/en active Pending
Cited By (114)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7405785B2 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 2008-07-29 | Nec Corporation | Transverse electric field active matrix liquid crystal display panel having particular optical compensation layer |
| US6842207B2 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 2005-01-11 | Nec Corporation | Active matrix liquid crystal display panel |
| US6965419B2 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 2005-11-15 | Nec Corporation | Active matrix liquid crystal display panel |
| US7139054B2 (en) | 1996-10-29 | 2006-11-21 | Nec Corporation | Active matrix liquid crystal display panel having particular optical compensation layer |
| JPH10228016A (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-08-25 | Nec Corp | Active matrix liquid crystal display panel |
| US6356329B1 (en) | 1997-07-14 | 2002-03-12 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus with reduced visual angle degradation |
| JP4629135B2 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2011-02-09 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2009025834A (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2009-02-05 | Sharp Corp | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
| US7190429B2 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2007-03-13 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display apparatus having wide transparent electrode and stripe electrodes |
| US6642984B1 (en) | 1998-12-08 | 2003-11-04 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corporation | Liquid crystal display apparatus having wide transparent electrode and stripe electrodes |
| US8421977B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2013-04-16 | Japan Display Central Inc. | Liquid crystal display device with pixel electrode having trapezoidal shape |
| US8867007B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2014-10-21 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device having a strip-shaped electrode |
| US8497969B2 (en) | 2008-02-14 | 2013-07-30 | Japan Display Central Inc. | Liquid crystal display device having particular electrodes |
| US8687134B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2014-04-01 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8542329B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2013-09-24 | Japan Display Central Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9395586B2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2016-07-19 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8743332B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2014-06-03 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9134577B2 (en) | 2011-01-19 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8885132B2 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2014-11-11 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9235094B2 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2016-01-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8786790B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2014-07-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9151985B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2015-10-06 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8873008B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2014-10-28 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9424786B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2016-08-23 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9025097B2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2015-05-05 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8896795B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2014-11-25 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9207510B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2015-12-08 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9298049B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2016-03-29 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9052552B2 (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2015-06-09 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9046719B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2015-06-02 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9817284B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2017-11-14 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9341898B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2016-05-17 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8902390B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2014-12-02 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device having a cross-shaped pixel electrode |
| US8953130B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2015-02-10 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8421976B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-04-16 | Japan Display Central Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8879037B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2014-11-04 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9244322B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2016-01-26 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8797482B2 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2014-08-05 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8780302B2 (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2014-07-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8605244B2 (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2013-12-10 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9274386B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2016-03-01 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
| US10345654B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2019-07-09 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
| US11106097B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 | 2021-08-31 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
| US9140943B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2015-09-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display |
| US9810959B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2017-11-07 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display including a mainpixel electrode |
| US9025101B2 (en) | 2011-08-11 | 2015-05-05 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display |
| US9291862B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2016-03-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display apparatus with first and second spacers |
| US9291865B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2016-03-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9341900B2 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2016-05-17 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9030636B2 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2015-05-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
| US8902391B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2014-12-02 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing liquid crystal display device |
| US9086602B2 (en) | 2011-09-01 | 2015-07-21 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8873009B2 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2014-10-28 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9134579B2 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9075271B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2015-07-07 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013054301A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-21 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013054300A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-21 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013057790A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-28 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9250486B2 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2016-02-02 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8724065B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2014-05-13 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9372372B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2016-06-21 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9841641B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2017-12-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013064888A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-04-11 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8692947B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2014-04-08 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9013663B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2015-04-21 | Japan Display, Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8830435B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2014-09-09 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8786534B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 | 2014-07-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9182639B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-11-10 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9880430B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2018-01-30 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9081242B2 (en) | 2011-09-28 | 2015-07-14 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9268178B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 | 2016-02-23 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9019439B2 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2015-04-28 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8873010B2 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2014-10-28 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2013088555A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-05-13 | Japan Display Central Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9235086B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2016-01-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9116568B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2015-08-25 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8749726B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2014-06-10 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9052555B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2015-06-09 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9110341B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2015-08-18 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9164330B2 (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2015-10-20 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display with horizontal inter-electrode distance and dielectric constant anisotropy of a liquid crystal layer |
| US9122111B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2015-09-01 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9341906B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2016-05-17 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9140938B2 (en) | 2012-04-06 | 2015-09-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US8867006B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2014-10-21 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9470936B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2016-10-18 | Japan Display, Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9104075B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2015-08-11 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9436042B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2016-09-06 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device including first to third wirings and a pixel electrode, and method of manufacturing the same |
| US9304343B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2016-04-05 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9459507B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2016-10-04 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9075278B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2015-07-07 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9810957B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2017-11-07 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9116402B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2015-08-25 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9097944B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2015-08-04 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device having particular electrodes structure |
| US9733533B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2017-08-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9217904B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2015-12-22 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device with a lateral electric field |
| US9268179B2 (en) | 2012-06-06 | 2016-02-23 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device utilizing a lateral electric field |
| US9310652B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2016-04-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9135873B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9146434B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2015-09-29 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device having particular electrodes structure |
| US9134576B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9030393B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2015-05-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9551911B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2017-01-24 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9134578B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2015-09-15 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9280016B2 (en) | 2013-02-18 | 2016-03-08 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9164333B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-10-20 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9915840B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2018-03-13 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9470938B2 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2016-10-18 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US9316872B2 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2016-04-19 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device that expands the transmissive area |
| US9791757B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2017-10-17 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device and display device |
| US10353259B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2019-07-16 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device and display device |
| US10007138B2 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2018-06-26 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device and substrate for display device |
| US9709860B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2017-07-18 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US10203568B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2019-02-12 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
| US10613395B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2020-04-07 | Japan Display Inc. | Liquid crystal display device |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPH09160042A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JP3322197B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| KR0148502B1 (en) | Lcd device | |
| JPH09160041A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JPH09160061A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JP3529434B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JP4041610B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| KR20000033252A (en) | Ferroelectric lcd with homeotropic aligned helix deformation | |
| JPH07333617A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JPH0829812A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JP3130682B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JPH09105957A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| KR100412125B1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JP3026901B2 (en) | LCD panel | |
| JPH07199205A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JPH0876077A (en) | Electric field control diffraction grating and liquid crystal element | |
| JPH08136935A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JP3130686B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JPH09197429A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JPH11160716A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JPH0756148A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JPH0792458A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JPH05107534A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JP3635546B2 (en) | LCD panel | |
| JPH05289097A (en) | Liquid crystal display element |