JPH1042694A - Infection of mycorrhizal fungus by grafting method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for infecting a mycorrhizal fungus by a grafting method, capable of easily infecting the fine roots of a host plant with the mycorrhizal fungus. SOLUTION: This method for infecting a mycorrhizal fungus by a grafting method comprises grafting a mycorrhiza 3 containing the mycorrhizal fungus to the trunk root of a host plant 1, deeply planting the grafted plant so as to cover the grafted part 2 and the mycorrhiza 3 with culture soil 5, and subsequently culturing the host plant in a state where the fine roots of the host plant 1 are tightly adhered to the mycorrhiza 3, thus infecting the roots of the plant with the mycorrhizal fungus. The grafted mycorrhiza is an active parasite, and thereby receives the supply of nutrients and water from the host plant of stock to facilitate the infection of the fine roots of the host plant with the mycorrhizal fungus. Since the mycorrhiza is grafted to the trunk root of the host plant, the grafting work is easy. Since antifungal fungi having actions for inhibiting the growth of fungi except the mycorrhizal fungus live together in the mycorrhiza, the infections force of the mycorrhizal fungus is strong.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】 本発明は、マツタケ、ロウ
ジ等の菌根菌の新しいシロを形成するために用いる苗根
菌の感染方法に関する。[0001] The present invention relates to a method for infecting a fungus, a fungus, such as matsutake mushroom or locust, used to form a new white of mycorrhizal fungi.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】 マツタケ、ロウジ等生きた寄主植物の
根に寄生し、菌根を形成して生活する菌根菌は、活物寄
生菌と呼ばれ、シイタケ等木材腐朽菌やハタケシメジ等
の腐生菌に比べ栽培が困難で、実用的な栽培は末だ行な
われていない。菌根菌は、寄主植物の根に寄生して菌根
をつくり、シロと呼ばれる子実体の形成区域を形作って
生活している。このシロに春から秋にかけて充分な養分
が蓄積され、降水量、気温等の子実体発生条件が充たさ
れるとマツタケやロウジの子実体が発生する。Background Art Mycorrhizal fungi that infest the roots of living host plants such as matsutake and laurel and form mycorrhiza are called active parasites, and wood rot fungi such as shiitake and saprophytes such as hatake mushrooms. Cultivation is more difficult than fungi, and practical cultivation has not been completed. Mycorrhizal fungi parasitize the roots of host plants to form mycorrhiza, and form an area where fruiting bodies called whites are formed. Sufficient nutrients are accumulated in this white from spring to autumn, and when fruiting body generation conditions such as precipitation and temperature are satisfied, matsutake and maggot fruiting bodies are produced.

【０００３】ここで菌根菌のうち最も研究の進んでいる
マツタケについて以下説明する。マツタケを栽培しよう
とすれば、先ずマツタケのシロを形成しなければならな
い。従来シロ形成の方法として、アカマツ林の林地にマ
ツタケ胞子を播種する胞子播種法、マツタケのシロを土
とともに掘りとり、他のアカマツ林地に移植してシロの
増殖をはかるシロ移植法が行なわれている。しかし成功
の例は少ない。その他には、最も有望視されたのが、シ
ロの拡大方向前方にアカマツ苗を植栽して、シロの拡大
に伴って、そのアカマツ苗の根にマツタケ菌が感染、活
着したところで、この苗を他のアカマツ林地へ移植し
て、そこから菌糸が広がるのを待ってシロの形成をはか
る感染苗法がある。（マツタケ山のつくりかた−ｐ７８
マツタケ研究懇話会編 創文）[0003] Among the mycorrhizal fungi, Matsutake, which has been most studied, will be described below. If you want to grow matsutake, you must first form matsutake whites. Conventionally, as a method of white formation, a spore seeding method of sowing matsutake spores in a forest of a red pine forest, a white transplant method of digging white matsutake with soil and transplanting it to another red pine forest to measure the growth of white. I have. But there are few examples of success. In addition, the most promising was planting Japanese red pine seedlings in front of the direction of the expansion of the white pine, and as the white pine expanded, the roots of the red pine seedlings were infected and survived. There is an infectious seedling method that transplants to another red pine forest and waits for the hypha to spread from there to measure the formation of whites. (How to make Matsutake mountain-p78
Matsutake Research Networking Society Edition)

【０００４】さらには、マツタケのシロの中から、マツ
タケ菌以外の微生物の成育を抑制する能力のある抗菌性
菌を分離培養し、この菌と一緒にマツタケ菌を植菌して
マツタケシロを形成する方法（特開平１−２５２２２
６）、（特開平５−１５３８５６）も考案されている。
また、菌根を寄主植物の根に接木をすることにより菌根
を形成させる方法（特開平３−５８７１７）も考案され
ている。[0004] Furthermore, an antibacterial bacterium capable of suppressing the growth of microorganisms other than matsutake fungi is isolated and cultured from matsutake shiro, and matsutake fungi are inoculated with the bacterium to form matsutake shiro. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-25222)
6), (JP-A-5-153856) have also been devised.
Further, a method of grafting mycorrhiza to the root of a host plant to form mycorrhiza (JP-A-3-58717) has been devised.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】 しかし第１の感染苗
法では利用するシロは、活力旺盛である必要があり、シ
ロ拡大方向前方にアカマツ苗を植えたり、それを掘り取
ったりするため、シロを破壊する可能性がある上、植栽
できるアカマツ苗の数も数本に限られる難点がある。ま
た第２の、抗菌性菌の分離利用の方法も、自然界で混淆
生活している多種類の菌の中から、必要なものだけを分
離し、これを純粋培養することは高度な技術が必要とな
る。第３の菌根を寄主植物の根に接木をする方法も、マ
ツタケの菌根が径２ｍｍ以下、接木をするマツの根も径
５ｍｍ以下と双方が細かく、かつマツの根は外皮が固い
ことから接木作業が困難であり、切り口にはマツヤニが
出て接木活着を至難にしている。However, in the first infected seedling method, the white to be used must be vigorous. Planting or excavating the Japanese red pine seedling in the front of the white expanding direction requires the use of white. In addition, there is a drawback that the number of red pine seedlings that can be planted is limited to a few. In addition, the second method of separating and utilizing antibacterial bacteria requires a high level of technology to separate only necessary ones from various kinds of bacteria living in a mixed environment in nature and to purify them. Becomes The method of grafting the third mycorrhiza to the root of the host plant also requires that the mycorrhizal of matsutake be 2 mm or less in diameter and the root of the pine to be grafted be 5 mm or less in both diameters, and that the pine roots have a hard coat. Grafting work is difficult, and Matsuyani appears at the cut, making grafting survival difficult.

【０００６】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】 シロは多量の菌根によ
って構成されており、少量のシロから容易に多数の接木
に供する菌根を採取することができ、この菌根をアカマ
ツ苗に接木することにより、多数の感染苗を生産するこ
とができる。これにより従来の方法がもつ、数株の感染
苗しか採れない（感染苗法）、シロを損傷する（感染苗
法、シロ移植法）などの欠点を補うことができる。次
に、接木する部位については、この菌根を寄主植物のア
カマツ苗の本来根に接木するところを、本発明では、苗
の幹の地際近く（以下根元部という。）に接木すること
で接木作業を容易にすることができる。すなわち、２、
３年生の苗の根の場合、根の径は５ｍｍ以下と細く、接
木作業は殆ど不可能である。しかし、苗の根元部は径１
〜２ｃｍに生長しており、外皮が柔軟であって、マツヤ
ニもすくないため、接木作業は容易となる。Means for Solving the Problems White is composed of a large amount of mycorrhiza, and it is possible to easily collect a large number of mycorrhizas to be grafted from a small amount of white, and this mycorrhiza is grafted to a red pine seedling. Thereby, a large number of infected seedlings can be produced. This makes it possible to compensate for the drawbacks of the conventional method, such as the fact that only a few strains of infected seedlings can be obtained (infected seedling method) and the damage of white (infected seedling method, white transplantation method). Next, regarding the site to be grafted, this mycorrhiza is grafted to the original root of the red pine seedling of the host plant, but in the present invention, it is grafted near the base of the trunk of the seedling (hereinafter referred to as root). Grafting work can be facilitated. That is, 2,
In the case of roots of three-year-old seedlings, the root diameter is as thin as 5 mm or less, and grafting work is almost impossible. However, the root of the seedling is 1
Growing to ~ 2 cm, the outer skin is flexible, and the pinewood is not easy, so grafting work becomes easy.

【０００７】また、菌根の接木部位は根元部であり、こ
こは根のある場所に近いため、接木した菌根と共に被土
することにより、感染させようとする相手の寄主植物の
細根に容易に密着して植栽できるので、菌根菌の感染は
確実となる。また、接木する菌根はマツタケ菌以外の微
生物を抑制する抗菌性菌とすでに共生しているので、シ
ロから分離し、純粋培養した抗菌性菌とマッタケ菌の両
者を同時接種することによりアカマツ苗に感染させる方
法（特開平１−２５２２２６）、（特開平５−１５３８
５６）と同様に、アカマツ細根への感染が容易となる。[0007] In addition, the graft site of the mycorrhiza is the root portion, which is close to the place where the root is located. Plants can be planted in close contact with, so that infection by mycorrhizal fungi is assured. In addition, the mycorrhizals to be grafted are already symbiotic with antibacterial bacteria that suppress microorganisms other than matsutake fungi. (JP-A-1-252226), (JP-A-5-1538)
As in the case of 56), it is easy to infect fine roots of Japanese red pine.

【０００８】[0008]

【発明の実施の形態】 以下本発明を図１、及び図２に
より説明すると、本発明の接木に使用する菌根は、現在
秋にはマツタケまたはロウジが発生しているシロの拡大
方向先端付近の活力ある菌根（３）を数ｃｍの長さ、望
ましくは３〜５ｃｍを採取して使用する。寄主植物は、
マツタケの場合はアカマツ苗２〜５年生の苗（１）の根
元（２）から１〜５ｃｍ位のところに上向き斜めに形成
層に達する切り込みを入れ、ここに菌根（３）の１端を
斜めに切断して、この切断面を、根元（２）の切り込ん
だ幹の形成層に張り合わせるように接触させたのち外周
をひもまたは藁で結束して接木をする。次にこれを前以
て１年間養成した鉢植えアカマツ苗（６）の発達した根
鉢細根（７）の内側に、接木した菌根（３）を密着して
配置、接木部（２）ともに培土（５）で被土して植栽す
る。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The mycorrhiza used for grafting of the present invention is near the tip of the growing direction of a white-spot where matsutake or lozenge has occurred in the autumn. The virulent mycorrhiza (3) is collected for use in a length of several cm, preferably 3-5 cm. The host plant is
In the case of Matsutake mushrooms, a cut is made to reach the cambium diagonally upward at an angle of about 1 to 5 cm from the root (2) of the red pine seedlings 2 to 5 years old (1), and one end of the mycorrhiza (3) After cutting diagonally, the cut surface is brought into contact with the cut stem formation layer at the root (2) so as to be bonded thereto, and then the outer periphery is bound with a string or straw to graft. Next, the planted mycorrhiza (3) was placed in close contact with the inside of the root pot fine roots (7) of potted red pine seedlings (6) that had been cultivated for one year in advance, and the grafted part (2) was cultivated in both. Cover and plant in (5).

【０００９】また、図２に示すように、前者同様に寄主
植物（１）の幹の根元（２）に接木した菌根（３）に、
寄主植物（１）の根の先端細根（４）を上方に向けてた
わめて密着して植栽、以下前者同様接木部（２）と菌根
（３）の上方まで培土（５）で被土する。また、図３の
ようにアカマツの成木（８）の根の先端細根（９）に、
接木した苗木（１）の菌根（３）を密着して配置、接木
部（２）とともに被土する。Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the mycorrhiza (3) grafted to the root (2) of the trunk of the host plant (1), as in the former,
The root (4) of the root of the host plant (1) is bent upward and closely adhered to the plant, and then planted up to above the graft (2) and mycorrhiza (3) as in the former. To cover the soil. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the fine roots (9) of the roots of the adult Japanese red pine (8)
The mycorrhiza (3) of the grafted seedling (1) is closely arranged and covered with the grafted part (2).

【００１０】通常はこの作業を春の苗の植え替え時期に
実施し、以後秋まで適宜灌水管理して、寄主植物（６）
の細根（７）に、（第１図）、または、寄主植物（１）
の先端細根（４）に、（第２図）、菌根（３）の菌糸が
伸長拡大して感染するのを待つ。 翌年の春、菌根菌の
感染を確認の上、この苗をマツタケ、又はロウジであれ
ばアカマツ林地の細根の多いところに移植して菌根菌を
この細根に感染させ、シロ形成をはかる。 また、成木
（８）の先端細根（９）には菌根菌が感染し、そのまま
シロが形成される。（第３図）Usually, this work is carried out at the time of replanting of seedlings in the spring, and after that, watering is appropriately controlled until autumn, and the host plant (6)
(Fig. 1) or host plant (1)
Wait for the mycelium of mycorrhiza (3) to elongate and infect the tip fine root (4) of (3). In the spring of the following year, after confirming the infection of mycorrhizal fungi, the seedlings are transplanted to a pine bamboo shoot or a loblolly pine forest where there are many fine roots, and the mycorrhizal fungi are transmitted to the fine roots to form whites. In addition, mycorrhizal fungi infect the tip roots (9) of the mature tree (8) and form whites as they are. (Fig. 3)

【００１１】[0011]

【実施例 １】 アカマツ苗の植え替え適期の３月〜４
月に２年生アカマツ苗の根部を滅菌剤ベンレート２００
倍希釈液に２時間侵漬して滅菌し、ついで水道水でよく
洗浄する。同時に、マツタケシロ先端の活性菌根帯から
活力のあるマツタケ菌根５ｃｍを採取して、前記アカマ
ツ苗の幹の根元２ｃｍのところで斜め上方に向かって形
成層に達する切り込みを入れ、ここにマツタケ菌根の一
端を斜めに切断し、この切断面を苗木の切り込み部の形
成層に合わせて、外周を結束して接木する。 別に前
年、培土はアカマツ林の養分の少ないＢ層土壌を採取、
１２０℃、３０分の加圧熱滅菌をし、栽培容器は煮沸１
時間滅菌した素焼鉢を用いて、１年間養成した３年生ア
カマツの発達した根鉢の先端細根の内側に、前記の接木
したアカマツ苗の菌根を密着して植え、接木部とともに
被土する。 最後に灌水して植栽を終わる。以後１０
月まで適宜灌水、無肥料で管理すると菌根のマツタケ菌
糸が伸長してアカマツ苗木の細根に感染する。[Example 1] March-April 4
The roots of the second year Pinus densiflora seedlings are sterilized by Benrate 200
Sterilize by soaking in a 1: 1 dilution for 2 hours, and then wash well with tap water. At the same time, a vibrant matsutake mycorrhiza 5 cm was collected from the active mycorrhizal zone at the tip of the matsutake shiro, and a cut reaching the cambium diagonally upward at 2 cm at the root of the trunk of the red pine seedling was made. One end of the root is cut diagonally, the cut surface is aligned with the formation layer of the cut portion of the seedling, and the outer periphery is bound and grafted. Separately, in the previous year, cultivation soil was collected from the layer B soil of the red pine forest,
Sterilize by autoclaving at 120 ° C for 30 minutes.
The mycorrhizal of the transplanted red pine seedlings is planted in close contact with the inside of the fine roots of the developed root mortar of the three-year-old red pine, which has been trained for one year, using a clay pot that has been sterilized for one hour, and covered with the grafted part. Finally, watering is completed to finish planting. Since then 10
When administered with water and fertilizers as appropriate until the month, the mycorrhizal pine mushroom hypha elongates and infects the fine roots of red pine seedlings.

【００１２】[0012]

【実施例 ２】 春３月〜４月、アカマツ３年生苗に実
施例１と同様の方法でロウジの菌根５ｃｍを接木する。
ついで、加圧熱滅菌した山土で煮沸滅菌した７号素焼鉢
を用い、接木した苗の根の先端の細根を上方にたわめ
て、接木したロウジ菌根に密着して配置して後、素焼鉢
に深めに入れ、滅菌した山土を接木部と菌根が約３ｃｍ
埋まる程度入れて植栽する。 最後に灌水して植栽を終
わる。以後、春から秋まで適宜灌水、無肥料で管理して
アカマツ細根にロウジ菌を感染させる。Example 2 From March to April in the spring, 3 cm-year-old seedlings of Japanese red pine are grafted with 5 cm of mycorrhiza of lozenge in the same manner as in Example 1.
Then, using a No. 7 clay pot that has been sterilized by boiling in a mountain soil that has been heat-pressurized and heat-treated, the fine roots at the tips of the roots of the grafted seedlings are bent upward and placed in close contact with the grafted lozenge mycorrhiza. Put deep in a clay pot, and sterilize mountain soil with grafting and mycorrhiza approximately 3cm.
Plant it so that it is buried. Finally, watering is completed to finish planting. Thereafter, from spring to autumn, the roots of the Japanese red pine are infected with Locus fungi by appropriately administering watering and no fertilizer.

【００１３】[0013]

【実施例 ３】 春３月〜４月、アカマツ３年生苗に実
施例１と同様の方法でマツタケの菌根５ｃｍを接木す
る。これを樹齢２０年以上のアカマツ林地のアカマツ細
根の多く集まっている場所に植穴を掘り、接木した菌根
と林地のアカマツの細根とを密着して植栽する。 接木
したマツタケ菌根と接木部を３ｃｍほど被土して植栽
し、菌根のマツタケ菌糸が伸長して林地のアカマツ細根
に感染するまで管理する。Example 3 From March to April in spring, 3 cm seedlings of Pinus densiflora are grafted with 5 cm of mycorrhiza of Matsutake in the same manner as in Example 1. A pit is dug in a place where many red pine fine roots of the red pine forest land more than 20 years old gather, and the grafted mycorrhiza and the fine roots of the red pine in the forest land are closely planted. The grafted matsutake mycorrhiza and the grafted part are covered with soil for about 3 cm and planted, and are managed until the mycorrhizal matsutake mycelia elongate and infect the fine roots of the red pine in the forest.

【００１４】[0014]

【発明の効果】 第１に本発明においては種菌として菌
根菌の菌根を使用することにより、この菌根菌と共生し
ていて、それ以外の微生物を抑制する働きのある抗菌性
菌を同時に植菌するため、純粋培養菌を使用する場合に
較べて菌根菌の感染が確実となる。第２に菌根の接木を
寄主植物の苗の幹の根元付近に実施することにより、幹
は根よりも太く外皮が柔軟であり、マツヤニも少ないの
で接木作業が容易となる。第３に接木部が根の位置に近
接しいるので、接木部と菌根を共に被土することで、感
染対象の寄主植物細根と密着して植栽することができ菌
根菌の感染が確実となる。First, in the present invention, by using mycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi as a seed fungus, antibacterial bacteria which are symbiotic with this mycorrhizal fungus and have a function of suppressing other microorganisms can be obtained. Simultaneous inoculation ensures the infection of mycorrhizal fungi as compared to the case of using pure cultures. Second, by grafting mycorrhizas near the roots of the trunks of the host plant seedlings, the trunks are thicker than the roots, the outer skin is flexible, and the number of pine trees is small, so the grafting work becomes easy. Thirdly, since the grafted part is close to the root, by covering both the grafted part and the mycorrhiza, it can be planted in close contact with the host plant fine root to be infected, and the infection of mycorrhizal fungi can be reduced. Be certain.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図 １】 寄主植物苗に接木した菌根を、他の寄主植
物の先端細根に密着して植栽して、この菌根菌を感染さ
せる例の立面図[Fig. 1] Elevated view of an example in which mycorrhiza grafted to a host plant seedling is planted in close contact with the tip fine root of another host plant to infect this mycorrhizal fungus

【図 ２】 菌根を接木した寄主植物苗に、この菌根菌
を感染させる例の立面図Fig. 2 Elevated view of an example of infecting a host plant seedling to which mycorrhiza has been grafted with this mycorrhizal fungus

【図 ３】 菌根を接木した寄主植物苗を林地に植栽し
て、林地の寄主植物にこの菌根菌を感染させる例の立面
図[Fig. 3] Elevated view of an example in which a host plant grafted with mycorrhiza is planted in a forest and the host plant in the forest is infected with the mycorrhizal fungus.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ ………………寄主植物 ２ ………………寄主植物の接木部 ３ ………………菌根菌の菌根 ４ ………………寄主植物の先端細根 ５ ………………培土 ６ ………………他の寄主植物 ７ ………………他の寄主植物の細根 ８ ………………成木の寄主植物 ９ ………………成木の寄主植物の先端細根 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… the mycorrhizal fungi of mycorrhizal fungi 4 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Ridging 6 …………… Other host plants 7 ………… Fine roots of other host plants 8 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… nedated Tip fine root of host plant

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 菌根菌の菌根を寄主植物の苗の幹の根元
に接木し、この菌根を、寄主植物の根に密着して配置
し、接木部と菌根を培土で被覆するように深く植栽して
栽培し、寄主植物の根に菌根菌を感染させてする菌根菌
の感染方法。1. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is grafted to the root of a trunk of a host plant seedling, the mycorrhiza is placed in close contact with the root of the host plant, and the grafted portion and the mycorrhiza are covered with soil. A method of infecting mycorrhizal fungi by planting and cultivating as deeply as possible and infecting the roots of the host plant with mycorrhizal fungi. 【請求項２】 菌根菌の菌根を寄主植物の苗の幹の根元
に接木し、この菌根を、近接して植栽した他の寄主植物
の苗の根に密着して配置し、接木部と菌根を培土で被覆
するように深く植栽して栽培し、近接して植栽した他の
寄主植物の苗の根に菌根菌を感染させてする苗根菌の感
染方法。2. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is grafted to the root of the trunk of a host plant seedling, and the mycorrhizal is placed in close contact with the roots of another host plant that has been planted in close proximity, A method of infecting rhizobial fungi by planting and cultivating the grafted portion and mycorrhiza so as to cover the soil with the cultivation soil, and infecting the roots of the seedlings of other host plants planted in close proximity with the mycorrhiza. 【請求項３】 菌根菌の菌根を寄主植物の苗の幹の根元
に接木し、この菌根を、この寄主植物の苗の根に密着し
て配置し、接木部と菌根を培土で被覆するように深く植
栽して栽培し、この寄主植物の苗の根に菌根菌を感染さ
せてする菌根菌の感染方法。3. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is grafted to the root of the trunk of a host plant seedling, the mycorrhiza is placed in close contact with the root of the host plant seedling, and the graft and the mycorrhiza are cultivated. A method of infecting mycorrhizal fungi by cultivating and cultivating the plant deeply so as to cover it with a mycobacterium, and infecting the roots of the seedlings of this host plant with mycorrhizal fungi. 【請求項４】 菌根菌の菌根を寄主植物の苗の幹の根元
に接木し、この苗根を、寄主植物の成木の根の細根に密
着して配置し、接木部と菌根を培土で被覆するように深
く植栽して、この寄主植物の成木の根に菌根菌を感染さ
せてする菌根菌の感染方法。4. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is grafted to the root of a trunk of a seedling of a host plant, and the seedling is placed in close contact with the fine root of an adult tree root of the host plant. A method of infecting mycorrhizal fungi by planting the plant deeply so as to be covered with the fungus and infecting the roots of the adult tree of the host plant with mycorrhizal fungi.