JPH10267824A - Method for measuring dynamic contact angle of self-organization film containing sulfur organic molecules - Google Patents
Method for measuring dynamic contact angle of self-organization film containing sulfur organic moleculesInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10267824A JPH10267824A JP7513397A JP7513397A JPH10267824A JP H10267824 A JPH10267824 A JP H10267824A JP 7513397 A JP7513397 A JP 7513397A JP 7513397 A JP7513397 A JP 7513397A JP H10267824 A JPH10267824 A JP H10267824A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- contact angle
- film
- mica
- self
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は金属チオラートなど
の自己組織化膜の接触角の測定方法に関する。さらに詳
しくは、マイカ基板の片面に蒸着した金属又は半導体薄
膜上の含硫黄有機分子の単分子膜表面の接触角をウィル
ヘルミ・プレート法で測定する方法に関する。The present invention relates to a method for measuring a contact angle of a self-assembled film such as a metal thiolate. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for measuring a contact angle of a monomolecular film surface of a sulfur-containing organic molecule on a metal or semiconductor thin film deposited on one surface of a mica substrate by a Wilhelmy plate method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】金をはじめとする金属表面に含硫黄有機
分子を化学吸着させて作製する単分子膜は、自己組織化
膜（Self-Assembled Monolayers、以下ＳＡＭ膜という）
と呼ばれ、近年注目されている。特に金基板とチオール
化合物を用いる金チオラートＳＡＭ膜は、金表面を含硫
黄有機分子雰囲気下又は希薄溶液中に一定時間放置する
だけで、高度に分子配列した単分子膜が得られること、
及び金原子とチオール基間の化学反応による吸着によ
り、できた膜の安定性が非常によいことを理由に、現在
幅広く研究が進められている。類似する単分子膜技術に
ラングミュア・ブロジェット法（以下、ＬＢ法という）
があるが、ＬＢ法では水面に形成された単分子膜を機械
的な手法でガラス固体基板に移し取る（累積操作）のに
対し、ＳＡＭ膜では自発的な吸着及び自己組織化プロセ
スによる固体表面への直接の膜形成のため、膜を移し取
るための装置は不要である。また、ＬＢ法では主として
分子間の相互作用に基づく分子配列制御が行われるのに
対し、ＳＡＭ膜では分子−基板間の相互作用が膜形成プ
ロセスに影響し、例えば基板が金属単結晶の場合、チオ
ール分子が基板の結晶構造に合わせてエピタキシャル成
長することが実験的に確認されている（例えば Langmui
r 誌、１０巻、２８５３又は３３８３（１９９４
年））。ＳＡＭ膜は、接着、耐食、濡れ、トライポロジ
ー（摩擦・潤滑）など、固体表面の処理技術としての利
用が期待されるとともに、蛋白質の吸着の際の電極修飾
膜、絶縁膜、フォト・電子線・Ｘ線等リソグラフィー技
術によるパターニング基板としての利用が検討されてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art A monomolecular film formed by chemically adsorbing sulfur-containing organic molecules on a metal surface such as gold is a self-assembled monolayer (SAM film).
It has been attracting attention in recent years. In particular, a gold substrate and a gold thiolate SAM film using a thiol compound can be obtained as a monomolecular film with a high molecular arrangement by simply leaving the gold surface in a sulfur-containing organic molecule atmosphere or in a dilute solution for a certain period of time,
At present, a wide variety of researches are being carried out on account of the fact that the stability of the resulting film is very good due to adsorption by a chemical reaction between a gold atom and a thiol group. Langmuir-Blodgett method (hereinafter referred to as LB method)
However, in the LB method, a monomolecular film formed on the water surface is transferred to a glass solid substrate by a mechanical method (accumulation operation), whereas in the SAM film, the solid surface is formed by a spontaneous adsorption and self-assembly process. Since the film is formed directly on the substrate, an apparatus for transferring the film is unnecessary. Further, in the LB method, molecular alignment is controlled mainly based on the interaction between molecules, whereas in the case of a SAM film, the interaction between the molecule and the substrate affects the film forming process. For example, when the substrate is a metal single crystal, It has been experimentally confirmed that thiol molecules grow epitaxially according to the crystal structure of the substrate (for example, Langmui
r, 10, 2853 or 3383 (1994
Year)). SAM films are expected to be used as solid surface treatment technologies such as adhesion, corrosion resistance, wetting, and tribology (friction and lubrication), as well as electrode modification films for protein adsorption, insulating films, photo / electron beam / Use as a patterning substrate by a lithography technique such as X-ray is being studied.
【０００３】このような固体表面に吸着した単分子膜の
状態を知るための評価法には、接触角法、Ｘ線光電子分
光法（ＸＰＳ）、赤外反射吸収法（ＦＴＩＲ−ＲＡ
Ｓ）、走査型プローブ顕微鏡での観察などがあるが、中
でも接触角法は測定が簡便であり、「濡れ」という実用
性に関連の深い情報が得られることから、中心的評価技
術として用いられてきている。接触角の測定には、平衡
状態で測定する（系を十分に放置し、安定状態に至った
状態で測定する）静的測定と、非平衡状態で測定する
（系の状態を変えた直後に、あるいは変えながら測定す
る）動的測定があり、静的測定では表面密度、動的測定
では表面の均一性や分子ダイナミクスなどに関する評価
が行える。[0003] Evaluation methods for knowing the state of the monomolecular film adsorbed on the solid surface include contact angle method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared reflection absorption method (FTIR-RA).
S), there are observations with a scanning probe microscope, etc. Among them, the contact angle method is used as a central evaluation technique because it is easy to measure and can obtain information closely related to the practicality of "wetting". Is coming. The contact angle is measured in an equilibrium state (measure the system in a state where it has been left to a stable state) and a static measurement, and in a non-equilibrium state (immediately after changing the state of the system). (Measurement with or without changing) dynamic measurement. Static measurement can evaluate surface density, and dynamic measurement can evaluate surface uniformity and molecular dynamics.
【０００４】固体平面基板の接触角の測定方法には、大
きく分けて、液滴法とつり下げ平板法の２つがある。液
滴法は、図２に示したように、水平に置いた固体平面基
板５の表面に適当量の液滴６を落とし、基板５と液滴６
のなす角度θを直接測定する。一方、つり下げ平板法で
は、図３に示したように、ビーカー等に入れた液体７中
に固体平面基板５を垂直に浸漬し、基板５と液体７のな
す角度θを直接測定するか、または基板５に垂直方向に
働く力Ｆをミクロ天秤で測定し、この力Ｆと液体の表面
張力γLV及び基板の幅Ｌの関係式（Ｆ＝２Ｌ・γLV・ｃ
ｏｓθ）から接触角θを算出する。つり下げ平板法のう
ち、後者の接触角を算出する方法はウィルヘルミ・プレ
ート法（Wilhelmy Plate法）と呼ばれている。ウィルヘ
ルミ・プレート法の場合、基板にかかる力を機械的に測
定し、その値から接触角を算出するため、目視による読
み取り誤差（人的誤差）の生じる他の方法に比べて測定
結果の信頼性が高く、誤差も少ない。また、たとえば基
板に気−液界面に移動しやすい界面活性物質が含まれて
いる場合、液滴法では基板と液滴の接触面積（液−固界
面）に対して液滴の表面積（気−液界面）が同程度であ
るため、界面活性物質の気−液界面への移動の影響を受
けやすいが、つり下げ平板法は液体と基板の接触面積
（液−固界面）に比べ液体表面積（気−液界面）がはる
かに大きいため、このような影響を受けにくい。さら
に、動的測定を行う場合、液滴法では液滴のサイズを変
えたり基板を傾けたりしたときの界面移動速度を制御す
るのが非常に難しいのに対し、つり下げ平板法ではモー
ター駆動などで基板を引き上げ又は引き下げることによ
り容易に界面移動速度を制御できる。The method of measuring the contact angle of a solid flat substrate can be roughly classified into two methods: a droplet method and a suspended flat plate method. In the droplet method, as shown in FIG. 2, an appropriate amount of a droplet 6 is dropped on the surface of a solid flat substrate 5 placed horizontally, and the substrate 5 and the droplet 6 are dropped.
Is measured directly. On the other hand, in the hanging plate method, as shown in FIG. 3, the solid flat substrate 5 is immersed vertically in the liquid 7 placed in a beaker or the like, and the angle θ formed between the substrate 5 and the liquid 7 is directly measured or Alternatively, a force F acting on the substrate 5 in the vertical direction is measured by a microbalance, and a relational expression of this force F, the surface tension γ LV of the liquid, and the width L of the substrate (F = 2L · γ LV · c
os θ) to calculate the contact angle θ. Of the hanging plate methods, the latter method of calculating the contact angle is called the Wilhelmy Plate method. In the Wilhelmi plate method, the force applied to the substrate is measured mechanically, and the contact angle is calculated from the value. Therefore, the reliability of the measurement result is higher than other methods that cause visual reading errors (human errors). Is high and the error is small. Further, for example, when the substrate contains a surfactant which easily moves to the gas-liquid interface, in the droplet method, the surface area of the droplet (gas-liquid interface) is larger than the contact area (liquid-solid interface) between the substrate and the droplet. Since the liquid interface is almost the same, it is susceptible to the movement of the surfactant to the gas-liquid interface. Since the gas-liquid interface is much larger, it is less susceptible to such effects. Furthermore, when performing dynamic measurement, it is very difficult to control the interface movement speed when the droplet size is changed or the substrate is tilted by the droplet method, whereas the suspended plate method is driven by a motor, etc. The interface moving speed can be easily controlled by raising or lowering the substrate by using.
【０００５】ところで、従来、例えばガラス上に金薄膜
を蒸着する場合、アモルファス金薄膜が形成できるが、
両面に均一な膜形成を施すのは難しい。前記の金チオラ
ートＳＡＭ膜形成に用いる金単分子膜の場合は、さらに
温度や速度などを制御して行わなければならないため両
面に同じ性状の薄膜を形成するのが難しく、また、接触
により破壊や汚染も非常に起こりやすいため、表裏を交
換して両面に被覆を行うことはさらに困難である。した
がって、金チオラートＳＡＭ膜を有する固体基板は、片
面だけにＳＡＭ膜を有する非対称基板であり、チオール
吸着のプロセス（溶液浸漬やガス雰囲気下での放置な
ど）においてもう片面は汚染が避けられない。しかし、
このような固体基板の接触角は、市販のウィルヘルミ・
プレート法を利用した接触角測定装置及び解析ソフトで
は測定できなかった。このため従来、金チオラートＳＡ
Ｍ膜をはじめとする含硫黄有機分子ＳＡＭ膜の表面性状
の接触角による評価は、液滴法による静的測定でのみ行
われていた。しかし、前記したように、ウィルヘルミ・
プレート法のほうが精度が高いこと、静的測定では表面
の不均一性等の評価ができないことなどから、含硫黄有
機分子ＳＡＭ膜の接触角をウィルヘルミ・プレート法に
よって測定する方法の開発が要請されていた。Conventionally, for example, when a gold thin film is deposited on glass, an amorphous gold thin film can be formed.
It is difficult to form a uniform film on both sides. In the case of the gold monomolecular film used for the formation of the gold thiolate SAM film, it is difficult to form a thin film of the same property on both surfaces because the temperature and speed must be further controlled. It is even more difficult to replace the front and back and coat both sides because contamination is also very likely. Therefore, the solid substrate having the gold thiolate SAM film is an asymmetric substrate having the SAM film only on one surface, and the other surface is unavoidably contaminated in the thiol adsorption process (solution immersion, leaving in a gas atmosphere, etc.). But,
The contact angle of such a solid substrate is determined by Wilhelmy
It could not be measured with a contact angle measuring device using plate method and analysis software. For this reason, conventionally, gold thiolate SA
The evaluation of the surface properties of the sulfur-containing organic SAM film such as the M film based on the contact angle was performed only by static measurement by the droplet method. However, as mentioned above, Wilhelmi
Since the plate method has higher accuracy and static measurement cannot evaluate the unevenness of the surface, etc., the development of a method to measure the contact angle of the sulfur-containing organic molecule SAM film by the Wilhelmy plate method is required. I was
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】したがって本発明は、
片面だけに含硫黄有機分子ＳＡＭ膜を有する固体平面基
板の接触角をウィルヘルミ・プレート法によって精度良
く測定しうる方法を提供することを目的とする。Accordingly, the present invention provides
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of accurately measuring the contact angle of a solid flat substrate having a sulfur-containing organic molecule SAM film on only one side by the Wilhelmy plate method.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは上記課題に
鑑み鋭意検討した結果、固体平面基板にマイカ基板を用
い、ＳＡＭ膜形成後、接触角測定を行う直前にＳＡＭ膜
を有さないマイカ面をへき開することにより、ウィルヘ
ルミ・プレート法で一定の関係式から接触角を導き出す
ことができることを見出し、この知見に基づき本発明を
なすに至った。すなわち本発明は、 （１）マイカ基板の片面に金属又は半導体の薄膜を形成
し、その上に含硫黄有機分子の自己組織化単分子膜を浸
漬法又は気化吸着法により被覆し、次いでマイカ基板の
マイカ露出面をへき開して、片面が自己組織化単分子膜
被覆のマイカ基板を調製し、このマイカ基板の自己組織
化単分子膜の動的接触角をウィルヘルミ・プレート法で
測定することを特徴とする動的接触角の測定方法、及び （２）片面に自己組織化単分子膜被覆を有する前記マイ
カ基板に、基板が傾かないだけの荷重を付加して測定を
行う（１）項記載の動的接触角の測定方法を提供するも
のである。Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies in view of the above-mentioned problems, and have found that a mica substrate is used as a solid flat substrate, and after forming a SAM film, the SAM film is not provided immediately before a contact angle measurement is performed. It has been found that by cleaving the mica surface, the contact angle can be derived from a certain relational expression by the Wilhelmy plate method, and the present invention has been accomplished based on this finding. That is, the present invention provides: (1) a metal or semiconductor thin film is formed on one surface of a mica substrate, and a self-assembled monomolecular film of sulfur-containing organic molecules is coated on the mica substrate by a dipping method or a vapor adsorption method; Cleaved the mica-exposed surface, prepare a mica substrate coated on one side with a self-assembled monolayer, and measure the dynamic contact angle of the self-assembled monolayer on the mica substrate by the Wilhelmy plate method. (1) The method for measuring the dynamic contact angle, which is characterized in that: (2) The measurement is performed by applying a load such that the substrate does not tilt to the mica substrate having a self-assembled monolayer coating on one surface. The present invention provides a method for measuring the dynamic contact angle.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】まず、本発明方法において用いら
れる測定用マイカ基板の作製法を述べる。本発明で用い
るマイカ基板は、接触角測定直前にそのマイカ露出面を
へき開して、清浄面にすることができる平面基板である
こと以外は特に制限はないが、接触角測定時に基板の厚
みが基板にかかる力に影響しないよう、厚みが幅の３％
以下のものを用いるのが好ましい。また、基板の非対称
性のため、測定時に基板に水平方向の力がはたらき、基
板を傾斜させて誤差を生むことが考えられるので、この
誤差を最小限にする配慮が必要な場合があるが、ＳＡＭ
膜作製の基板として通常用いられるサイズ、重量では、
このような基板の傾斜、横流しは見られない。また、基
板に荷重を付加して基板の傾斜をなくすことにより、こ
の問題は容易に解消することができる。このマイカ基板
の片面に、まず金属又は半導体の薄膜を形成する。例え
ば、マイカ基板上に金単結晶膜を形成する場合、まずマ
イカへき開面を超高真空チャンバー内（１０-7〜１０-9
Ｔｏｒｒ）でプレベイク（マイカへき開面を清浄化する
ため５００〜６００℃の高温で一定時間加熱）した後、
温度及び蒸着速度制御下で金を蒸着し、その後再び高温
でアニール処理した後、室温に冷却して作製される。蒸
着時の基板の最適温度は、通常は３００〜４００℃の範
囲内であり、蒸着速度及び真空度により多少変動する
が、最適温度範囲が狭いので、±５℃程度の微妙な温度
制御が必要になる。このため、通常、マイカ基板は基板
用ヒーターに背面から均一に接触するようにセットさ
れ、片面のみに金が蒸着される。金単結晶面は接触によ
り破壊や表面汚染がされやすいので、表裏を交換しても
う片面にも蒸着するということは通常は行われない。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, a method for producing a mica substrate for measurement used in the method of the present invention will be described. The mica substrate used in the present invention is not particularly limited except that the mica exposed surface is cleaved immediately before the measurement of the contact angle and the substrate is a flat substrate that can be made a clean surface. The thickness is 3% of the width so as not to affect the force applied to the substrate
It is preferable to use the following. Also, due to the asymmetry of the substrate, a horizontal force acts on the substrate during measurement, and it is conceivable that an error is generated by tilting the substrate. SAM
In the size and weight usually used as a substrate for film production,
No such tilting or cross-flow of the substrate is observed. This problem can be easily solved by applying a load to the substrate to eliminate the inclination of the substrate. First, a metal or semiconductor thin film is formed on one surface of the mica substrate. For example, when forming a gold single crystal film on a mica substrate, first, the cleavage surface of the mica is placed in an ultra-high vacuum chamber (10 -7 to 10 -9).
After prebaking (heating at a high temperature of 500 to 600 ° C. for a certain period of time to clean the mica cleavage surface) with Torr),
Gold is deposited under control of the temperature and the deposition rate, then annealed again at a high temperature, and then cooled to room temperature. The optimal temperature of the substrate at the time of vapor deposition is usually in the range of 300 to 400 ° C., and slightly varies depending on the vapor deposition rate and the degree of vacuum. However, since the optimal temperature range is narrow, delicate temperature control of about ± 5 ° C. is required. become. For this reason, the mica substrate is usually set so as to uniformly contact the substrate heater from the back surface, and gold is deposited on only one surface. Since the gold single crystal surface is liable to be destroyed or surface contaminated by contact, it is not usually performed to exchange the front and back sides and deposit the other surface.
【０００９】本発明方法における基板上の金属の例とし
ては、前記の金単結晶膜のほかに、銀、銅、白金、水
銀、鉄、酸化鉄などがあげられ、特に金が好ましい。ま
た、半導体の例としては、ＧａＡｓ、ＩｎＰなどがあげ
られる。いずれも通常行われる蒸着等の方法によってマ
イカ基板上に薄膜を形成することができ、膜厚は通常数
１００Å〜数１００μｍである。このようにして作製し
た金属又は半導体薄膜を片面に有するマイカ基板を、含
硫黄有機分子雰囲気下に一定時間放置する気化吸着法
（蒸着も含む）、含硫黄有機分子希薄溶液中に一定時間
浸漬する浸漬法など、通常の自己組織化膜形成の方法、
条件で接触角の測定対象であるＳＡＭ膜を形成する。Ｓ
ＡＭ膜形成の時間は１ｍｍｏｌの溶液に浸漬した場合、
通常数分〜２４時間であり、分子鎖長相当の膜厚の単分
子膜が得られる。Examples of the metal on the substrate in the method of the present invention include silver, copper, platinum, mercury, iron, iron oxide and the like in addition to the above-mentioned gold single crystal film, and gold is particularly preferable. Examples of the semiconductor include GaAs and InP. In any case, a thin film can be formed on a mica substrate by a method such as vapor deposition that is usually performed, and the film thickness is usually several hundred degrees to several hundred micrometers. The mica substrate having a metal or semiconductor thin film formed on one side in this manner is left in a sulfur-containing organic molecule atmosphere for a certain period of time by vaporization adsorption (including vapor deposition), and immersed in a sulfur-containing organic molecule dilute solution for a certain period of time. Normal self-assembled film formation method such as immersion method,
Under the conditions, a SAM film whose contact angle is to be measured is formed. S
When the AM film formation time is immersed in a 1 mmol solution,
It is usually several minutes to 24 hours, and a monomolecular film having a thickness corresponding to the molecular chain length can be obtained.
【００１０】本発明における含硫黄有機分子とは、チオ
ール（−ＳＨ）基、ジスルフィド（−Ｓ−Ｓ−）基、モ
ノスルフィド（−Ｓ−）基、チオフェンなどの含硫黄官
能基を有する有機分子であり、チオール基又はジスルフ
ィド基を有する有機分子が好ましく、特にチオール基を
有する有機分子が好ましい。有機分子としては例えば、
置換基を有してもよい炭素数１〜２２、好ましくは４〜
１８の直鎖又は分岐の脂肪族飽和アルキル、脂肪族不飽
和アルキルなどがあげられ、置換基としてはさらに置換
されていてもよいフェノキシ基、炭素数１〜２２のフル
オロアルキル基、カルボン酸基、アミノ基、シアノ基、
アミド基、エステル基、スルホン酸基、ハロゲン原子
（ブロモ基、クロロ基、ヨード基等）、ピリジン基、ペ
プチド基、フェロセン基、各種ポリマー鎖、蛋白質や核
酸塩基等の生体関連物質などがあげられる。本発明にお
ける含硫黄有機分子の具体例としては、例えばオクタデ
カンチオール、アゾフェノキシドデカンチオール、ペル
フルオロオクチルペンタンチオール、ブタンチオール、
ヘキサンチオール、オクタンチオール、ドデカンチオー
ル、ジオクタデシルジスルフィド、システイン、シスタ
ミン、チオフェン、メルカプトオクタデシルアミン、メ
ルカプトオクタデカノール、メルカプトオクタデカン酸
などがあげられる。[0010] The sulfur-containing organic molecule in the present invention is an organic molecule having a sulfur-containing functional group such as a thiol (-SH) group, a disulfide (-SS-) group, a monosulfide (-S-) group, and thiophene. And an organic molecule having a thiol group or a disulfide group is preferable, and an organic molecule having a thiol group is particularly preferable. As an organic molecule, for example,
C1-C22 which may have a substituent, Preferably it is 4-.
18 linear or branched aliphatic saturated alkyl, aliphatic unsaturated alkyl and the like, and as the substituent, a phenoxy group which may be further substituted, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a carboxylic acid group, Amino group, cyano group,
Examples include amide groups, ester groups, sulfonic acid groups, halogen atoms (bromo groups, chloro groups, iodine groups, etc.), pyridine groups, peptide groups, ferrocene groups, various polymer chains, and biological substances such as proteins and nucleic acid bases. . Specific examples of the sulfur-containing organic molecule in the present invention include, for example, octadecanethiol, azophenoxide decanethiol, perfluorooctylpentanethiol, butanethiol,
Hexanethiol, octanethiol, dodecanethiol, dioctadecyldisulfide, cysteine, cystamine, thiophene, mercaptooctadecylamine, mercaptooctadecanol, mercaptooctadecanoic acid and the like.
【００１１】次に、本発明方法について図１を参照して
説明する。図１は本発明方法の測定原理の説明図であ
り、従来のつり下げ平板法と同様に、ビーカー等に入れ
た液体４に片面に含硫黄有機分子ＳＡＭ膜２を有するマ
イカ基板１を浸漬し、基板１に垂直にかかる力の総和Ｆ
total をミクロ天秤等の機械的手段で測定する。この力
の総和は、下記式（１）で表わされるように、表面張力
によって基板１にかかる力（Ｆ）、基板１の重量（ｍ
ｇ）及び浮力（ΔρｇＶ）の和である。 Ｆtotal ＝ Ｆ ＋ ｍｇ ＋ ΔρｇＶ （１） ここで、液体４の表面張力によって基板１に垂直方法に
かかる力は、含硫黄有機分子ＳＡＭ膜２の表面では下記
式（２）で表わされる。 ＦSAM ＝ Ｌ・γLV・ｃｏｓθ1 （２） （Ｌは基板１の幅、γLVは液体４の表面張力、θ1 は金
属チオラートＳＡＭ膜２の接触角を表わす。） また、液体４の表面張力によってＳＡＭ膜を有さないマ
イカ露出面３に垂直方法にかかる力は下記式（３）で表
わされる。 Ｆmica ＝ Ｌ・γLV・ｃｏｓθ2 （３） （θ2 はマイカ露出面３の接触角を表わす。）よって液
体４の表面張力によって基板１に垂直方向にはたらく力
Ｆは、下記式（４）で表わされる。 Ｆ ＝ ＦSAM ＋ Ｆmica ＝ Ｌ・γLV・（ｃｏｓθ1 ＋ ｃｏｓθ2 ） （４） なお、基板の厚みの影響が実質的に無視でき、上記式
（４）が近似的に成立するよう、本発明においては前記
したとおりマイカ基板の厚みを幅Ｌの３％以下とするの
が好ましい。よって、上記式（１）と式（４）より、へ
き開したマイカ面の接触角θ2 、液体４の表面張力
γLV、基板１の幅Ｌをあらかじめ測定しておけば、含硫
黄有機分子ＳＡＭ膜２の接触角θ1 を算出できる。Next, the method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the measurement principle of the method of the present invention. Similar to the conventional hanging plate method, a mica substrate 1 having a sulfur-containing organic molecule SAM film 2 on one side is immersed in a liquid 4 placed in a beaker or the like. , The sum of the forces F applied perpendicular to the substrate 1
The total is measured by a mechanical means such as a micro balance. The sum of the forces is expressed by the force (F) applied to the substrate 1 by the surface tension and the weight (m) of the substrate 1 as expressed by the following equation (1).
g) and buoyancy (ΔρgV). F total = F + mg + ΔρgV (1) Here, the force acting on the substrate 1 in the vertical direction due to the surface tension of the liquid 4 is expressed by the following equation (2) on the surface of the sulfur-containing organic molecule SAM film 2. F SAM = L · γ LV · cos θ 1 (2) (L is the width of the substrate 1, γ LV is the surface tension of the liquid 4, and θ 1 is the contact angle of the metal thiolate SAM film 2.) The force acting on the mica exposed surface 3 having no SAM film in the vertical direction due to surface tension is represented by the following equation (3). F mica = L ・ γ LV・ cos θ 2 (3) (θ 2 represents the contact angle of the mica exposed surface 3). Therefore, the force F acting in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 1 by the surface tension of the liquid 4 is expressed by the following equation (4) ). F = F SAM + F mica = L · γ LV · (cosθ 1 + cosθ 2) (4) In addition, as the effect of the thickness of the substrate is substantially negligible, the equation (4) holds approximately, In the present invention, as described above, the thickness of the mica substrate is preferably set to 3% or less of the width L. Therefore, from the above formulas (1) and (4), if the contact angle θ 2 of the cleaved mica surface, the surface tension γ LV of the liquid 4, and the width L of the substrate 1 are measured in advance, the sulfur-containing organic molecules SAM The contact angle θ 1 of the film 2 can be calculated.
【００１２】上記のような基板の液体への浸漬、基板に
かかる力の測定のための方法や装置は、従来のウィルヘ
ルミ・プレート法について用いることができるものを同
様に用いることができる。また、従来のウィルヘルミ・
プレート法と同様に、基板をモーター駆動等によって速
度制御下で移動することにより、動的接触角の測定がで
きる。As the method and apparatus for immersing the substrate in the liquid and measuring the force applied to the substrate as described above, those which can be used for the conventional Wilhelmy plate method can be used as well. In addition, conventional Wilhelmy
Similarly to the plate method, the dynamic contact angle can be measured by moving the substrate under speed control by driving a motor or the like.
【００１３】本発明方法において用いることのできる液
体は、水、有機溶媒（例えば低級アルコール、ヘキサデ
カン、デカン、ビシクロヘキシル−１−ブロモナフタレ
ン）などであるが、特に純水を用いた場合はθ2 が実質
的に０であり、上記式（４）は下記の式（５）で表わさ
れる。 Ｆ ＝ Ｌ・γLV・（ｃｏｓθ1 ＋ １） （５）The liquid that can be used in the method of the present invention is water, an organic solvent (for example, lower alcohol, hexadecane, decane, bicyclohexyl-1-bromonaphthalene), and particularly when pure water is used, θ 2. Is substantially 0, and the above equation (4) is represented by the following equation (5). F = L · γ LV · (cos θ 1 +1) (5)
【００１４】[0014]
【実施例】次に、本発明を実施例に基づいてさらに詳細
に説明する。Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
【００１５】実施例１ 幅１ｃｍ×高さ２ｃｍ×厚さ５０μｍのマイカ基板の片
面に、厚さ１０００Åで金を蒸着し、ｎ−オクタデカン
チオール（Ｃ18Ｈ37ＳＨ）の１ｍｍｏｌエタノール溶液
に１時間浸漬して、金オクタデカンチオラートＳＡＭ膜
を形成した。このマイカ基板を、マイカ露出面をへき開
し清浄面とした直後に純水（イオン交換後、蒸留）に浸
漬して一定速度で変位させ、基板に垂直方向にかかる力
をミクロ天秤で測定して、前記式（１）及び（５）より
ＳＡＭ膜面の接触角を算出した。得られたヒステレシス
曲線を図４に示す。図４は横軸を基板の変位（ｍｍ）、
縦軸を接触角（°）として測定結果をプロットしたグラ
フで、グラフ上部が前進方向に変位させたとき、下部が
後退方向に変位させたときの結果を示している。測定は
前進、後退とも２回行った。この結果、上記の金チオラ
ートＳＡＭ膜の動的接触角として、前進角１１２±１．
５°、後退角１００．５±１．５°という値が得られ
た。前進角は静的測定による接触角とほぼ一致するとさ
れているが、前記の値は静的測定の報告例（例えば Ang
ew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.誌、２８巻、５０６（１９８
９年）など）の値とほぼ一致した。また、有機シラン系
化合物で確認されている多数の測定例において均一かつ
高密度に基板に化学吸着したアルキル鎖表面の一般的接
触角は、前進角が１１０°前後、後退角が９０〜１００
°程度という値と比較しても、本実施例の結果は矛盾し
ない値となっている。また、液滴法で動的接触角を測定
した唯一の報告例（Langmuir誌、１０巻、１８２５（１
９９４年））において、前進角は１１５°、後退角は１
０５°となっており、これと比較しても信頼できる値と
考えられる。EXAMPLE 1 Gold was vapor-deposited on one surface of a mica substrate having a width of 1 cm × a height of 2 cm × a thickness of 50 μm to a thickness of 1000 ° C., and was placed in a 1 mmol ethanol solution of n-octadecanethiol (C 18 H 37 SH) for 1 hour. By dipping, a gold octadecanethiolate SAM film was formed. Immediately after the exposed surface of the mica was cleaved to make it a clean surface, it was immersed in pure water (distilled after ion exchange) and displaced at a constant speed, and the force applied to the substrate in the vertical direction was measured with a microbalance. The contact angle of the SAM film surface was calculated from the above equations (1) and (5). FIG. 4 shows the obtained hysteresis curve. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the displacement (mm) of the substrate,
A graph in which the measurement results are plotted with the vertical axis representing the contact angle (°), showing the results when the upper part of the graph is displaced in the forward direction and the lower part is displaced in the backward direction. The measurement was performed twice, both forward and backward. As a result, the advancing angle of 112 ± 1.
A value of 5 ° and a sweepback angle of 100.5 ± 1.5 ° were obtained. Although the advancing angle is considered to substantially match the contact angle obtained by static measurement, the above values are reported in static measurement examples (eg, Ang
ew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 28, 506 (198)
9 years)). In addition, in many measurement examples confirmed for organosilane compounds, the general contact angle of the alkyl chain surface chemically and uniformly adsorbed on the substrate has an advancing angle of about 110 ° and a receding angle of 90 to 100.
Even when compared with the value of about °, the result of the present embodiment is a value that does not contradict. In addition, the only reported example of measuring the dynamic contact angle by the droplet method (Langmuir, 10, 1825 (1
994)), the advance angle is 115 ° and the sweep angle is 1
05 °, which is considered to be a reliable value in comparison with this.
【００１６】実施例２ 実施例１と同じマイカ基板に実施例１と同様に金を蒸着
し、（４−ヘキシルフェニル）アゾフェノキシドデカン
チオールの１ｍｍｏｌエタノール溶液に１時間浸漬し
て、金アゾベンゼンチオラートＳＡＭ膜を形成した。こ
のマイカ基板を、マイカ露出面をへき開し清浄面とした
直後に純水に浸漬し、実施例１と同様にして動的接触角
を測定した。測定は前進、後退とも３回行い、実施例１
と同様に横軸を変位、縦軸を接触角としてプロットし
て、図５のヒステレシス曲線を得た。前進角が１０７．
５±１°、後退角が９７±１°であった。Example 2 Gold was deposited on the same mica substrate as in Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1, and immersed in a 1 mmol ethanol solution of (4-hexylphenyl) azophenoxide decanethiol for 1 hour to obtain a gold azobenzenethiolate SAM. A film was formed. The mica substrate was immersed in pure water immediately after the mica exposed surface was cleaved to make it a clean surface, and the dynamic contact angle was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The measurement was performed three times both forward and backward.
Similarly, the horizontal axis was plotted as the displacement and the vertical axis was plotted as the contact angle to obtain the hysteresis curve in FIG. Advance angle is 107.
5 ± 1 ° and the receding angle was 97 ± 1 °.
【００１７】実施例３ 実施例１と同じマイカ基板に実施例１と同様に金を蒸着
し、ペルフルオロオクチルヘキサンチオールの１ｍｍｏ
ｌエタノール溶液に１時間浸漬して、金フルオロアルキ
ルチオラートＳＡＭ膜を形成した。このマイカ基板を、
マイカ露出面をへき開し清浄面とした直後に純水に浸漬
し、実施例１と同様にして動的接触角を測定した。測定
は前進、後退とも３回行い、実施例１と同様に横軸を変
位、縦軸を接触角としてプロットして、図６のヒステレ
シス曲線を得た。前進角が１２０±１°、後退角が１１
３±１°であった。この結果は、金フルオロアルキルチ
オラートＳＡＭ膜の前進角は１１８°との過去の報告
（Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 誌、２８巻、５０６
（１９８９年））ともほぼ一致している。また、ヒステ
レシスについても、前進角と後退角の差が７°と極めて
小さく、化学構造から予想される高密度で安定な化学吸
着膜構造と矛盾しない結果が得られた。Example 3 Gold was deposited on the same mica substrate as in Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 1, and 1 mm of perfluorooctylhexanethiol was deposited.
The resultant was immersed in an ethanol solution for 1 hour to form a gold fluoroalkylthiolate SAM film. This mica substrate
Immediately after the exposed surface of the mica was cleaved to make it a clean surface, it was immersed in pure water, and the dynamic contact angle was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The measurement was performed three times, both forward and backward, and the horizontal axis was displaced and the vertical axis was plotted as the contact angle, as in Example 1, to obtain a hysteresis curve in FIG. Advance angle 120 ± 1 °, Sweep angle 11
3 ± 1 °. This result is based on a previous report that the advancing angle of a gold fluoroalkylthiolate SAM film was 118 ° (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., Vol. 28, 506).
(1989)). As for hysteresis, the difference between the advancing angle and the receding angle was extremely small at 7 °, and a result consistent with the high-density and stable chemisorption film structure expected from the chemical structure was obtained.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】本発明方法によれば、片面のみに含硫黄
有機分子ＳＡＭ膜を有するマイカ基板を用いて、含硫黄
有機分子ＳＡＭ膜表面の動的接触角の測定を高い精度で
行うことができる。本発明では基板にマイカを用いるこ
とにより、測定直前のへき開で簡便にマイカ露出面を清
浄面とすることができ、金属又は半導体薄膜形成時や含
硫黄有機分子ＳＡＭ膜形成時の裏面への汚染の影響を受
けることなく接触角の測定が行える。また、マイカへき
開面は平滑性が高く、化学的に不活性なので、どのよう
な液体に対しても安定した接触角が得られ、正確な測定
が行える。特に基板を純水に浸漬して測定する場合には
マイカ露出面の接触角をゼロとしてＳＡＭ膜の接触角を
算出できるため、簡便に精度の高い接触角を得ることが
できる。According to the method of the present invention, the dynamic contact angle of the surface of a sulfur-containing organic molecule SAM film can be measured with high accuracy using a mica substrate having a sulfur-containing organic molecule SAM film only on one side. it can. In the present invention, by using mica for the substrate, the exposed surface of mica can be easily made a clean surface by cleavage immediately before measurement, and contamination on the back surface when forming a metal or semiconductor thin film or when forming a sulfur-containing organic molecule SAM film. The contact angle can be measured without being affected. In addition, since the mica cleavage surface has high smoothness and is chemically inert, a stable contact angle can be obtained with any liquid and accurate measurement can be performed. In particular, when the measurement is performed by immersing the substrate in pure water, the contact angle of the SAM film can be calculated with the contact angle of the mica exposed surface being zero, so that a highly accurate contact angle can be easily obtained.
【図１】本発明方法による接触角測定の原理の説明図で
ある。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of contact angle measurement according to the method of the present invention.
【図２】液滴法による接触角測定の原理の説明図であ
る。FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the principle of contact angle measurement by a droplet method.
【図３】つり下げ平板法による接触角測定の原理の説明
図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a principle of measuring a contact angle by a hanging flat plate method.
【図４】実施例１で測定した動的接触角を、横軸を変
位、縦軸を接触角としてプロットしたグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph in which the dynamic contact angle measured in Example 1 is plotted with the horizontal axis representing displacement and the vertical axis representing contact angle.
【図５】実施例２で測定した動的接触角を、横軸を変
位、縦軸を接触角としてプロットしたグラフである。FIG. 5 is a graph in which the dynamic contact angle measured in Example 2 is plotted with the horizontal axis representing displacement and the vertical axis representing contact angle.
【図６】実施例３で測定した動的接触角を、横軸を変
位、縦軸を接触角としてプロットしたグラフである。FIG. 6 is a graph in which the dynamic contact angle measured in Example 3 is plotted with the horizontal axis representing displacement and the vertical axis representing contact angle.
１ マイカ基板 ２ 含硫黄有機分子ＳＡＭ膜 ３ マイカ露出面 ４ 液体 ５ 基板 ６ 液滴 ７ 液体 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mica substrate 2 Sulfur-containing organic molecule SAM film 3 Mica exposed surface 4 Liquid 5 Substrate 6 Droplet 7 Liquid
Claims (2)
膜を形成し、その上に含硫黄有機分子の自己組織化単分
子膜を浸漬法又は気化吸着法により被覆し、次いでマイ
カ基板のマイカ露出面をへき開して、片面が自己組織化
単分子膜被覆のマイカ基板を調製し、このマイカ基板の
自己組織化単分子膜の動的接触角をウィルヘルミ・プレ
ート法で測定することを特徴とする動的接触角の測定方
法。1. A metal or semiconductor thin film is formed on one surface of a mica substrate, and a self-assembled monomolecular film of sulfur-containing organic molecules is coated thereon by a dipping method or a vapor adsorption method. Cleaving the surface, preparing a mica substrate coated on one side with a self-assembled monolayer, and measuring the dynamic contact angle of the self-assembled monolayer on the mica substrate by the Wilhelmy plate method. How to measure dynamic contact angle.
前記マイカ基板に、基板が傾かないだけの荷重を付加し
て測定を行う請求項１記載の動的接触角の測定方法。2. The dynamic contact angle measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the mica substrate having a self-assembled monomolecular film coating on one side is subjected to a measurement by applying a load that does not tilt the substrate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7513397A JP2972858B2 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1997-03-27 | Method for measuring dynamic contact angle of sulfur-containing organic molecule self-assembled film |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7513397A JP2972858B2 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1997-03-27 | Method for measuring dynamic contact angle of sulfur-containing organic molecule self-assembled film |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10267824A true JPH10267824A (en) | 1998-10-09 |
| JP2972858B2 JP2972858B2 (en) | 1999-11-08 |
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ID=13567397
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP7513397A Expired - Lifetime JP2972858B2 (en) | 1997-03-27 | 1997-03-27 | Method for measuring dynamic contact angle of sulfur-containing organic molecule self-assembled film |
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