JPH10266343A - House - Google Patents
HouseInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10266343A JPH10266343A JP9087412A JP8741297A JPH10266343A JP H10266343 A JPH10266343 A JP H10266343A JP 9087412 A JP9087412 A JP 9087412A JP 8741297 A JP8741297 A JP 8741297A JP H10266343 A JPH10266343 A JP H10266343A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- building materials
- building
- materials
- house
- floor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、建築材の断面形状
及び長さの種類を減らし、用いる建築材の数を減らして
建築に要するコストを低減し工期を短縮した家屋に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a house in which the number of types of building materials used is reduced, the number of building materials used is reduced, the cost required for building is reduced, and the construction period is shortened.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】建築材の断面を標準化して建築コストを
低減する試みは古くから行われており、例えばツーバイ
フォー(2×4)工法と言われる工法では、断面2×4
インチの材木を基本として、規格化された断面を有する
材木を組み合わせて家屋の骨組を構成している。2. Description of the Related Art Attempts to reduce building costs by standardizing the cross section of building materials have been made for a long time. For example, in a construction method called a two-by-four (2 × 4) construction method, a cross section of 2 × 4 is used.
The frame of the house is constructed by combining timber having a standardized cross section based on timber of inches.
【0003】しかしながら、一般に建築物を設計するに
あたっては、建築材が建築物のどの部分に用いられるか
によって、その建築材に要求される強度(曲げ方向の強
さ、圧縮方向の強さ等)及び長さが異なり、建築材の種
類を十分に減らすには至っていない。例えば上記ツーバ
イフォー工法では、要求される強度が比較的低い部分に
は断面2×4インチの木材が適しているとしても、建物
の重量を支える耐力構造材として用いるには強度が著し
く不足するから、適宜4×4インチ等の木材を用いるほ
か、これらの木材で構成した骨組みに構造用合板を釘付
けし、この構造用合板の強度によって建物の重量を支え
ている(壁組式工法)。However, in general, when designing a building, the strength (bending direction strength, compression direction strength, etc.) required for the building material depends on which part of the building material is used. And the lengths are different, and the types of building materials have not been reduced sufficiently. For example, in the above-mentioned two-by-four construction method, even if wood having a cross section of 2 × 4 inches is suitable for a part where the required strength is relatively low, the strength is extremely insufficient to be used as a load-bearing structural material for supporting the weight of a building. In addition to using wood of 4 × 4 inches or the like, a structural plywood is nailed to a skeleton made of these woods, and the weight of the building is supported by the strength of the structural plywood (wall assembly method).
【0004】このように従来の工法では、建築物のどの
部分に用いるかによって、建築材の形状及び材料を適宜
選択して、必要な建築材を必要な数量だけ予め計算して
それぞれ注文し、取り寄せる必要があり、その手続きは
繁雑なものである。また、これらを組み上げる段階で
も、建築材の種類が多いため、例えば、まず骨組みを形
成し、断熱材を入れて板材を打ちつけ、最後に仕上げを
するという、何段階にも亘った工程をたどる必要があ
り、長い工期がかかっていた。[0004] As described above, in the conventional construction method, the shape and material of the building material are appropriately selected depending on which part of the building is used, the necessary building materials are calculated in advance in the required quantity, and each is ordered. They need to be ordered and the process is complicated. Also, at the stage of assembling these, there are many types of building materials, so for example, it is necessary to follow a multi-step process of forming a skeleton, inserting heat insulating material and hitting a plate material, and finally finishing There was a long construction period.
【0005】また、長さの長い建築材が必要な場合は、
それを運送するコストが高くかかってしまう。さらに、
長い建築材及び太い建築材はそれ自体で割高である。特
に木材ではその傾向が強く、例えば断面積が2倍となる
とその価格は数倍にもなる。When a long building material is required,
The cost of transporting it is high. further,
Long and thick building materials are expensive in themselves. Particularly in the case of wood, the tendency is strong. For example, if the cross-sectional area is doubled, the price is several times.
【0006】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、家屋の建築
に必要な建築材の形状及び材質の種類を減らし、更に太
い建築材及び長い建築材を不要とすることによって、建
築コストを低減することを目的とし、かつ工程の数を減
らすことによって、長い工期を要しない家屋を提供する
ことを目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention reduces building costs by reducing the shape and type of building materials required for building a house and eliminating the need for thicker and longer building materials. It is an object of the present invention to provide a house that does not require a long construction period by reducing the number of processes.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】この目的を達成するため
に、本発明は、柱状の建築材を用いて床、外壁及び屋根
を構成した家屋において、前記建築材の幅より広い幅の
部材が必要な部分には複数の前記建築材を互いに密着さ
せて幅方向に継いだものが使用され、前記建築材の太さ
より太い部材が必要な部分には複数の前記建築材を束ね
たものが使用され、前記建築材の長さより長い部材が必
要な部分には、複数の前記建築材を長さ方向に継いだも
のが使用されたことを特徴とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To achieve this object, the present invention relates to a method for constructing a floor, an outer wall and a roof using a columnar building material, wherein a member having a width wider than the width of the building material is used. A necessary part is formed by joining a plurality of the building materials in a width direction by closely contacting each other, and a part requiring a member thicker than the thickness of the building material is used by bundling a plurality of the building materials. In addition, in a portion requiring a member longer than the length of the building material, a material obtained by connecting a plurality of the building materials in a length direction is used.
【0008】また、前記建築材の各々は同一の断面形状
及び長さの建築材から加工可能な形状であってもよく、
前記建築材を幅方向に複数継いだ場合において、前記建
築材の継ぎ合わせ面で整合する穴を各建築材に設け、こ
の穴に棒状部材が挿入されていてもよく、さらに、前記
建築材を長さ方向に複数継ぐとともに当該複数継がれた
ものを幅方向に継ぐ場合において、その長さ方向の継ぎ
目が幅方向に隣接するものに対して互いにずれた位置と
なるよう構成してもよい。[0008] Each of the building materials may have a shape that can be processed from building materials having the same cross-sectional shape and length.
In the case where the building material is spliced in the width direction, a hole matching the joint surface of the building material is provided in each building material, and a rod-shaped member may be inserted into this hole. In the case of joining a plurality of joints in the length direction and joining the plurality of joints in the width direction, the joints in the length direction may be arranged at positions shifted from each other in the width direction.
【0009】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、本発明の実施の形態につい
て図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本発明の一実
施形態に係る家屋の躯体構成を示す斜視図、図2は、上
記家屋を構成する建築材の基本形を示した斜視図であ
り、図2aは角材、図2bは込み栓である。図3は上記
建築材を幅方向に継いだ状態を示す斜視図であり、図4
は上記建築材を束ねた状態を示す斜視図、図5は上記建
築材を幅方向及び長さ方向に継いだ状態を示す斜視図で
ある。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a frame structure of a house according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a basic form of building materials constituting the house, FIG. It is a bayonet. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state where the building materials are joined in the width direction.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which the building materials are bundled, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which the building materials are joined in the width direction and the length direction.
【0010】図1に示される家屋1は、いわゆる校倉工
法に近い方法で構築されており、図中2は基礎、3は土
台、4は床、5は壁、6は屋根(小屋組み)である。A house 1 shown in FIG. 1 is constructed by a method similar to a so-called school building method, in which 2 is a foundation, 3 is a base, 4 is a floor, 5 is a wall, and 6 is a roof (shed structure). .
【0011】これら土台3乃至屋根6は、図2aに示す
柱状の建築材7で構成する。建築材7の断面形状は、種
類が少ない方が製材にかかるコストを下げ、組み立てを
簡単にすることができて合理的であり、特に本実施例の
建築材7はそれぞれ同一の断面形状及び長さの建築材か
ら加工可能な形状である。本実施例では断面105mm
×105mm(3.5寸角)、長さ2700mm(約1
間半)の大きさを有する角材から形成されるが、断面1
20mm×120mm(4寸角)の角材から形成される
こととしてもよい。なお、これらの断面寸法は日本の規
格にもとづくものであり、建築材7としてはこれら規格
品を利用した方がコストを低減できるが、それ以外の寸
法であってもよい。建築材7の側面を図3に示すように
削った場合等、同一の断面形状及び長さの建築材から加
工可能な形状であれば、予め準備すべき建築材の種類は
同一になるから、建築材の仕入れコストを低く押さえる
ことができる。The base 3 to the roof 6 are constituted by columnar building materials 7 shown in FIG. 2A. The cross-sectional shape of the building material 7 is reasonable if the number of types is small because the cost of sawing can be reduced and the assembling can be simplified. In particular, the building material 7 of this embodiment has the same cross-sectional shape and length. It is a shape that can be processed from building materials. In this embodiment, the cross section is 105 mm.
× 105 mm (3.5 square), length 2700 mm (about 1
It is formed from a square piece having a size of
It may be formed from a square material of 20 mm × 120 mm (4 dimensions square). In addition, these cross-sectional dimensions are based on Japanese standards, and the cost can be reduced by using these standard products as the building material 7, but other dimensions may be used. If the shape of the building material 7 can be machined from building materials having the same cross-sectional shape and length, such as when the side surface of the building material 7 is cut as shown in FIG. The cost of purchasing building materials can be kept low.
【0012】建築材7の材料としてはスギ材、ヒノキ材
等の木材のほか、種々開発されている木材の代替材等、
住宅の建築に適する特性を持つ材料が、強度(曲げ強
さ、圧縮強さ等)、耐久性、断熱性等の見地から選択さ
れる。As the material of the building material 7, in addition to wood such as cedar wood and hinoki wood, various materials which have been developed, such as wood substitutes,
Materials having characteristics suitable for building a house are selected from the viewpoints of strength (bending strength, compressive strength, etc.), durability, and heat insulation.
【0013】また、本実施例では、この建築材7に、内
径30mmの貫通又は不貫通の穴71が原則として30
0mmの間隔で開けられており、直径30mmの棒状部
材である込み栓72を上記穴71に挿入し、これによっ
て複数の建築材7の結合を強化している。込み栓72は
樫材等、比重の重い、固い木を使う。また、穴71及び
込み栓72の断面は円形であれば加工しやすいが、四角
形等にしてもよい。In this embodiment, a penetrating or non-penetrating hole 71 having an inner diameter of 30 mm is formed in this building material 7 in principle.
The plug 72, which is a bar-shaped member having a diameter of 30 mm and inserted at an interval of 0 mm, is inserted into the hole 71, thereby strengthening the connection of the plurality of building materials 7. The plug 72 is made of hard wood having a high specific gravity, such as oak. Further, if the cross section of the hole 71 and the plug 72 is circular, it is easy to process, but it may be square or the like.
【0014】この建築材7を梁に用いる場合等、建築材
7の断面積では強度が不足する場合、又は床、壁、天井
又は屋根に使用するため広い面積が必要な場合は、図3
に示すように建築材7を幅方向に複数継ぐ。この場合、
継ぎ合わせ面を互いに密着させることにより、気密性を
得ることができるようにすれば、内外装の仕上げのため
の板材を使用する必要がなく、そのまま床、壁、天井及
び屋根として機能させることが可能である。ただしこの
ことは、屋根に対する瓦の設置等、仕上げ材を設置する
ことを妨げるものではない。なお、継ぎ合わせ面は適宜
加工して例えば図3のように相欠き継ぎなどの継ぎ手の
結合力を利用して継ぐことも可能である。If the building material 7 has insufficient strength in the cross-sectional area, such as when the building material 7 is used as a beam, or if a large area is required for use as a floor, wall, ceiling or roof, FIG.
The construction materials 7 are joined in the width direction as shown in FIG. in this case,
If the seaming surfaces are brought into close contact with each other, airtightness can be obtained, so that it is not necessary to use a plate material for finishing the interior and exterior, and it can function as a floor, wall, ceiling and roof as it is It is possible. However, this does not prevent installation of finishing materials such as installation of tiles on the roof. In addition, the joint surface can be appropriately processed and joined by using a joint force of a joint such as an intermittent joint as shown in FIG. 3, for example.
【0015】建築材7を幅方向に継いでもなお厚さが不
足し、このため強度が不足する場合は、図4に示すよう
に建築材7を複数束ねる。建築材7を四本束ね、幅、厚
さ共に建築材7の2倍となるようにすれば大きな強度が
得られる。この場合も相欠き継ぎを行うことができるほ
か、図4に示すように建築材7に二方向から(本実施例
では角柱の二側面から)穴を開け、それぞれ込み栓を通
して各建築材7の結合を行うことが可能である。In the case where the thickness is still insufficient even if the building materials 7 are joined in the width direction and the strength is insufficient, a plurality of the building materials 7 are bundled as shown in FIG. A large strength can be obtained by bundling the four building materials 7 and making the width and thickness twice as large as those of the building materials 7. In this case as well, it is possible to perform the jointing, and as shown in FIG. 4, holes are made in the building material 7 from two directions (in this embodiment, from the two side surfaces of the prism), and each building material 7 is inserted through a plug. It is possible to perform a join.
【0016】また、この建築材7を、例えば桁行きの長
い梁や、横組の壁材として用いる場合等、建築材7では
長さが不足する場合は、これを長さ方向に複数継ぐ。本
実施例では、図5に示すように、建築材7を長さ方向に
継ぐと同時にその継いだ角材を更に幅方向に継ぎ又は束
ね、上記長さ方向に継いだ継ぎ目73の部分をこれと隣
接する建築材の長さ方向の継ぎ目73に対して互いにず
れた位置となるようにすることによって、継ぎ目73の
部分で強度が落ちないようにしている。なお、建築材7
では長すぎる場合は、必要な長さに切断すればよい。When the building material 7 is insufficient in length, for example, when it is used as a beam with a long girder or a horizontal wall material, the building material 7 is joined in the length direction. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the building material 7 is spliced in the length direction, and at the same time, the spliced timber is further spliced or bundled in the width direction. By making the positions different from each other with respect to the seam 73 in the longitudinal direction of the adjacent building material, the strength is not reduced at the seam 73. In addition, building materials 7
If it is too long, it may be cut to the required length.
【0017】込み栓72は、例えば壁材に挿入されるも
のにおいては、土台から軒桁まで貫く一本の長い込み栓
とすると高い強度が得られるが、短い込み栓の場合で
も、込み栓の切れ目の位置を互いにずらすと(図9参
照)強度が高くなる。For example, when the spigot 72 is inserted into a wall material, high strength can be obtained by using a single long spigot penetrating from the base to the eaves girder. When the positions of the cuts are shifted from each other (see FIG. 9), the strength increases.
【0018】本実施例によれば、込み栓72によって継
ぎ合わせ及び組み立ての位置決めが容易となるため、さ
ほど高度の技量を有しない者でも作業を進めることがで
きる部分が多くなっている。According to the present embodiment, since the spigot 72 facilitates the positioning of splicing and assembly, there are many parts that can be carried out by a person who does not have a high level of skill.
【0019】穴71は建築現場で一つ一つ開けても特別
困難なものではないが、建築材料の工場内で穴を開けて
から現場に運ぶことにより建築のコストを更に下げかつ
正確な位置に穴開けをすることが可能となる。相欠き継
ぎ等を行う場合のしゃくり面(図3)の加工も、建築現
場で行うことは困難ではないが、工場で行えば一層のコ
ストダウン及び作業の容易化が可能である。The holes 71 are not particularly difficult to be drilled one by one at the construction site. However, by drilling holes in the building material factory and transporting them to the site, the cost of construction can be further reduced and the exact position can be reduced. It is possible to make holes. It is not difficult to process the hiccup surface (FIG. 3) in the case of performing a joint break or the like, but it is possible to further reduce the cost and facilitate the work if performed in a factory.
【0020】なお、本実施例によれば、建築材7がその
まま肉厚の壁、床、天井及び屋根となっており、断熱材
を板材で覆う構造ではないため、壁内結露が発生する心
配がない。According to this embodiment, since the building material 7 is a thick wall, a floor, a ceiling and a roof as it is, and the heat insulating material is not covered with the plate material, there is a concern that dew condensation in the wall occurs. There is no.
【0021】また、本実施例では、建築材の固定方法と
して穴71と込み栓72のみを用い、釘その他の金物を
使用していない。従って、建築材7は互いに着脱可能に
継ぎ又は束ねられており、込み栓71を引き抜くだけで
建築材7を傷めることなく建物1の解体を行うことがで
きるから、資源として貴重な建築材を再利用することが
できる。また、釘その他の金物の酸化による建築材の劣
化がおこらないため、家屋の寿命を長くすることができ
る。Further, in this embodiment, only the hole 71 and the plug 72 are used as a method of fixing the building material, and nails and other hardware are not used. Therefore, the building materials 7 are detachably connected or bundled with each other, and the building 1 can be dismantled without damaging the building materials 7 only by pulling out the plug 71, so that valuable building materials as resources are reused. Can be used. In addition, since building materials are not degraded due to oxidation of nails and other hardware, the life of the house can be extended.
【0022】次に本発明に係る家屋の建築方法について
説明する。図6は根切り、地業及び基礎工事の説明図、
図7は土台設置工事の説明図、図8は床材設置工事の説
明図、図9は壁設置工事の説明図、図10は屋根設置工
事の説明図である。本発明に係る家屋は図6a、図6
b、図6c、図6d、図7a、図7b、図8、図9、図
10の順番で構築する。Next, a method of building a house according to the present invention will be described. Figure 6 is an illustration of root cutting, ground work and foundation work,
7 is an explanatory diagram of a base installation work, FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a floor material installation work, FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a wall installation work, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a roof installation work. The house according to the invention is shown in FIGS.
b, 6c, 6d, 7a, 7b, 8, 9, and 10 in this order.
【0023】まず、図6aに示されるように、地盤に穴
20を掘る(根切り)。根切り底に割ぐり石を立てて並
べ、その上から捨コンクリートを打つ(地業)。地業は
基礎を支持するに十分な支持力を持つよう、適宜にその
構造及び設置数が決定される。First, as shown in FIG. 6A, a hole 20 is dug in the ground (root cutting). Standing stones are arranged at the bottom of the root, and concrete is thrown from above. The structure and the number of installations are determined as appropriate so that the earth business has sufficient bearing capacity to support the foundation.
【0024】次に地業の上に基礎を設ける。この実施例
では、図6に示されるように、基礎は独立基礎とし、独
立基礎1つあたり5個の直方体石材を組み合わせて基礎
を構成する。上記5個のうち4個の石材21は基礎最下
部に設置し(図6c)、残り1個26はその上に設置す
る(図6d)。下部の4個の石材21はそれぞれ上面ひ
と隅を切り欠き、4個を組み合わせたときに上部の1個
の石26が上から填まる窪み22を形成する。窪み22
の深さは、地震や風等により上部の1個の石26が外れ
ることのないよう、十分な深さとする。上部の1個の石
26の上面には、土台を埋め込むための凹部27を形成
する。凹部27の深さは、地震や風等により土台が外れ
ることのないよう、十分な深さとする。凹部27の中央
には当該石26を貫通する水抜き穴(図示せず)を設
け、凹部27に水が溜まらないようにする。Next, a foundation is provided on the local business. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the foundation is an independent foundation, and the foundation is constructed by combining five rectangular parallelepiped stones per independent foundation. Four of the five stones 21 are installed at the bottom of the foundation (FIG. 6c), and the remaining one 26 is installed thereon (FIG. 6d). The lower four stone materials 21 are each cut off at one corner of the upper surface, and when the four stone materials 21 are combined, form a depression 22 into which the upper one stone 26 is fitted from above. Hollow 22
Is set to a sufficient depth so that the upper single stone 26 does not come off due to an earthquake, wind, or the like. A concave portion 27 for embedding a base is formed on the upper surface of one upper stone 26. The depth of the concave portion 27 is set to a sufficient depth so that the base does not come off due to an earthquake, wind, or the like. A drain hole (not shown) penetrating the stone 26 is provided at the center of the recess 27 so that water does not accumulate in the recess 27.
【0025】上記5個の石材21及び26は、この実施
例では互いに分離可能であり、建築完成後もジャッキ等
で土台を支えれば取り外し及び交換が可能である。これ
により、基礎の一部に破損が生じた場合や、地盤が変化
した場合に、基礎材の交換、土台の高さの調整等が可能
である。The five stone materials 21 and 26 can be separated from each other in this embodiment, and can be removed and replaced by supporting the base with a jack or the like even after the completion of construction. Thus, when a part of the foundation is damaged or the ground changes, it is possible to replace the foundation material, adjust the height of the base, and the like.
【0026】次に、図7に示すように、基礎の上に土台
を設ける。基礎の上面に設けられた凹部27に建築材7
をはめ込んで土台3とする。建築材の長さ又は幅が不足
するときは上述のように継ぎ合わせた材料を用いる。土
台用の角材が交差する部分35では、相欠き継ぎ等の方
法で仕口を構成する。この土台は、外側の土台31のみ
ならず内側の土台32を設置すると、内壁の支持及び床
の強化に資する。また、内側に設置する土台32を支え
るための独立基礎(図示せず)を設けてもよい。Next, as shown in FIG. 7, a base is provided on the foundation. The building material 7 is provided in the concave portion 27 provided on the upper surface of the foundation.
Into the base 3. If the length or width of the building material is insufficient, use the seamed material as described above. At the portion 35 where the base timbers intersect, a connection is formed by a method such as a break joint. This base contributes to the support of the inner wall and the strengthening of the floor when the inner base 32 as well as the outer base 31 are installed. Further, an independent foundation (not shown) for supporting the base 32 installed inside may be provided.
【0027】次に、床組を設置する。図8に示すよう
に、土台最上部の高さに建築材7を並べて継ぎ合わせ、
床4とする。床材を土台3に対して固定する仕口として
は、土台の内側面及び床材の両端を切り欠いて相欠き継
ぎとする方法などがある。また、各床材間に込み栓72
を通せば、床材間の結合力が強くなる。Next, a floor set is installed. As shown in FIG. 8, the building materials 7 are arranged and joined at the height of the top of the base,
Floor 4. As a connection for fixing the floor material to the base 3, there is a method in which the inner surface of the base and both ends of the floor material are cut off to form a joint. In addition, plug 72 between each floor material
If it passes through, the bonding force between flooring materials will become strong.
【0028】なお、外側の土台31と内側の土台32と
の結合及び床材4と土台3との結合に際して相欠き継ぎ
を行った場合、外側の土台31を先に組んでしまうと内
側の土台32や床材4を挿入しにくいため、土台及び床
組みの設置に際しては、まず内側の土台32を設置し
て、次に床材4を組み、あとから外側の土台31を設置
する。In the case where the outer base 31 is assembled first when the outer base 31 is first assembled, when the outer base 31 and the inner base 32 are connected and the floor material 4 and the base 3 are connected to each other. Since it is difficult to insert the base material 32 and the floor material 4, when installing the base and the floor assembly, first, the inner base 32 is installed, then the floor material 4 is assembled, and the outer base 31 is installed later.
【0029】次に、図9に示すように、壁を組み上げ
る。本実施例では、建築材7を地面に水平となるように
して組み上げて壁5とする。壁が屋根の重さを支えるに
十分な厚み及び強度を持つ場合には、柱を用いる必要は
ない。壁材同士の継ぎ合わせ部分の固定には、上記込み
栓72を用いる他、相欠き継ぎ、本実継ぎ等の方法を用
いることが可能である。壁材の交差部分の仕口は、相欠
き継ぎ等の方法を用いる。窓や出入り口等の開口部があ
るときは、開口部両脇には縦材51を用いる。Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the wall is assembled. In the present embodiment, the building material 7 is assembled into the wall 5 so as to be horizontal to the ground. If the wall has sufficient thickness and strength to support the weight of the roof, it is not necessary to use columns. In order to fix the joint portion between the wall materials, it is possible to use a method such as partial joining, actual joining, or the like, in addition to using the plug 72. For the joint at the intersection of the wall materials, a method such as a joint joint is used. When there are openings such as windows and doorways, vertical members 51 are used on both sides of the openings.
【0030】なお、柱を用いる場合、二階建ての場合の
通し柱にするには建築材7を4本束ねて使う、一階又は
二階のみの管柱の場合は建築材7を束ねないでそのまま
使う等、必要とされる強度に応じて組み立てる。When pillars are used, four building materials 7 are bundled and used in order to form a continuous pillar in the case of a two-story building. Assemble according to the required strength.
【0031】一階の壁の上部は、一階の天井(図示しな
い)を支える梁とするため、建築材7を束ねる等の方法
により補強することが望ましい。一階の天井は、土台に
対して一階の床を設置したと同様の方法により、梁に対
して設置する。二階建ての場合は、二階の床及び二階の
天井も設けるが、一階の天井が十分な厚さを有していれ
ば、一階の天井が二階の床を兼ねることができる。三階
建ての場合も同様に三階の床及び三階の天井を設ける。The upper part of the first-floor wall is desirably reinforced by a method such as bundling the building materials 7 so as to support the ceiling (not shown) of the first-floor. The ceiling on the first floor is installed on the beams in the same way as the floor on the first floor is installed on the base. In the case of a two-story building, a second-floor floor and a second-floor ceiling are also provided, but if the first-floor ceiling has a sufficient thickness, the first-floor ceiling can also serve as the second-floor floor. In the case of a three-story building, a third-floor floor and a third-floor ceiling are similarly provided.
【0032】最上階の天井を設けたら、次に屋根を設け
る。本実施例における屋根6は、図10に示すA方向
(桁行き方向)の中心線から左右両側に向かって傾斜を
付けた切り妻形状の屋根である。壁の上部のうち桁行き
方向の2辺を軒桁56とし、他の2辺(張り間方向)の
外壁57は屋根の勾配に合わせて次第に長さを短くしな
がら積み上げ、その最上部に桁行き方向の棟木58を渡
す。軒桁56及び棟木58は屋根6を支えるため建築材
7を幅方向(図10では高さ方向)に継いで補強すると
ともに、壁の桁行きより長くして外壁より突出させる。
屋根組みを補強するため、水平材62、63、垂直材6
4に込み栓を通して屋根組みに固定する。After the ceiling on the top floor is provided, the roof is provided next. The roof 6 in the present embodiment is a gable-shaped roof that is inclined from the center line in the direction A (girder direction) shown in FIG. Of the upper part of the wall, the two sides in the girder direction are eaves girders 56, and the outer walls 57 on the other two sides (in the direction of the gap) are piled up while gradually shortening the length according to the slope of the roof, and at the top Pass the purlin 58 for directions. The eaves girder 56 and purlin 58 are connected to the building material 7 in the width direction (height direction in FIG. 10) to support the roof 6, and are reinforced.
Horizontal members 62 and 63, vertical members 6 to reinforce the roof
4 and fix it to the roof frame through a stopper.
【0033】そして最後に屋根材61を掛けてゆく。屋
根材には込み栓を通し、互いの結合を強固にすることが
できる。屋根の傾斜の最上部は屋根の傾斜面が交差する
部分であり、そこを相欠き継ぎで結合して込み栓を通
す。Finally, the roof material 61 is hung. Roofs can be passed through plugs to strengthen the connection with each other. The top of the slope of the roof is where the slopes of the roof intersect, where they are joined by a split seam and the plug is passed through.
【0034】本実施例の家屋の建築方法によれば、壁材
5を組み上げる際には既に床組み4が完成しており、万
一作業者が壁の上から落下してもコンクリートの基礎に
落下する心配はなく、落下による痛ましい事故が軽減さ
れることが期待される。また、本実施例の家屋の製造方
法によれば、屋根の設置作業をする際には既に最上階の
天井ができている。従って、作業者の足場は梁の上のみ
ならず、最上階の天井の上にも確保されているから、屋
根の設置作業を極めて安全に進めることができる。According to the construction method of the house of this embodiment, when assembling the wall material 5, the floor assembly 4 has already been completed, and even if an operator falls from the wall, it will be used as a concrete foundation. There is no need to worry about falling, and it is expected that painful accidents due to falling will be reduced. Further, according to the method for manufacturing a house of the present embodiment, the ceiling on the top floor is already formed when the roof is installed. Therefore, the worker's scaffolding is secured not only on the beams but also on the ceiling of the top floor, so that the installation work of the roof can proceed extremely safely.
【0035】壁の上部に用いる壁材や屋根材等、地面か
ら高い所に設置するものは、あまりに長尺で太い材料を
使用すると、少人数で引き上げて設置するのは困難であ
り、人力で引き上げることが不可能であればクレーン等
の大掛かりな設備を必要とする。そこで、本発明のよう
に短い材料でも必要に応じて長さ方向を継ぎ、又は幅方
向を継ぐことができるようにすれば、重量の軽い単位で
材料を高いところまで引き上げて、それから必要な大き
さに組み立てるということが容易にできる。If a wall material or a roof material used above a wall, which is installed at a high place from the ground, is too long and is made of a thick material, it is difficult for a small number of people to lift and install the material. If it is impossible to lift, large equipment such as a crane is required. Therefore, if it is possible to splice the length direction or the width direction as needed even with a short material as in the present invention, the material can be raised to a high place in a unit of light weight, and then the necessary size can be obtained. It can be easily assembled.
【0036】本発明に係る家屋の建築においては、予め
設計の段階で、必要とされる建築材のそれぞれに符号を
付与しておけば、その建築材が用いられるべき位置及び
組み立ての順番を詳細に指示することが可能である。こ
うすれば建築現場ではそれを番号及び説明書にしたがっ
て組み立てればよく、建築現場においてはさほど高度な
専門知識及び技量がなくても、容易に建築を行うことが
できる。In the construction of a house according to the present invention, if a necessary code is given to each of the required building materials at the design stage in advance, the position where the building materials are to be used and the order of assembly are described in detail. It is possible to instruct. In this way, the building site can be assembled according to the numbers and instructions, and the building site can be easily constructed without a very high level of specialized knowledge and skills.
【0037】[0037]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、建築材の形状及び材質
の種類を減らし、太い建築材及び長い建築材を不要とす
ることによって、建築コストの大幅な低減が可能とな
る。また、使用する建築材の種類及び数を少なくするこ
とにより、工程の数を減らすことができ、工期の短縮が
可能である。According to the present invention, the construction cost can be greatly reduced by reducing the shape and type of the building material and eliminating the need for thick and long building materials. Further, by reducing the types and the number of building materials to be used, the number of steps can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.
【図1】本発明の一実施形態に係る家屋の躯体構成を示
す斜視図FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a frame structure of a house according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】上記家屋を構成する建築材の基本形を示した斜
視図。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a basic form of a building material constituting the house.
【図3】上記建築材を幅方向に継いだ状態を示す斜視
図。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state where the building materials are joined in a width direction.
【図4】上記建築材を束ねた状態を示す斜視図。FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which the building materials are bundled.
【図5】上記建築材を幅方向及び長さ方向に継いだ状態
を示す斜視図。FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state where the building materials are joined in a width direction and a length direction.
【図6】根切り、地業及び基礎工事の説明図。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of root cutting, ground work, and foundation work.
【図7】土台設置工事の説明図。FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a base installation work.
【図8】床材設置工事の説明図。FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of flooring installation work.
【図9】壁設置工事の説明図。FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a wall installation work.
【図10】屋根設置工事の説明図。FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a roof installation work.
1 家屋 2 基礎 3 土台 4 床 5 壁 6 屋根 7 建築材 71 穴 72 棒状部材(込み栓) 73 長さ方向に継いだ際の継ぎ目 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 House 2 Foundation 3 Base 4 Floor 5 Wall 6 Roof 7 Building material 71 Hole 72 Bar-shaped member (plug) 73 Seam when connecting in the length direction
フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 FI E04C 3/12 E04C 3/12 3/36 3/36 Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code FI E04C 3/12 E04C 3/12 3/36 3/36
Claims (4)
を構成した家屋において、 前記建築材の幅より広い幅の部材が必要な部分には複数
の前記建築材を互いに密着させて幅方向に継いだものが
使用され、 前記建築材の太さより太い部材が必要な部分には複数の
前記建築材を束ねたものが使用され、 前記建築材の長さより長い部材が必要な部分には、複数
の前記建築材を長さ方向に継いだものが使用されたこと
を特徴とする、家屋。1. A house in which a floor, an outer wall and a roof are formed using columnar building materials, a plurality of the building materials are brought into close contact with each other at a portion where a member having a width larger than the width of the building materials is required. Those that are joined in the direction are used, and a part that requires a member thicker than the thickness of the building material is used by bundling a plurality of the building materials, and a part that requires a member longer than the length of the building material is used. A house in which a plurality of the building materials are connected in a length direction.
長さの建築材から加工可能な形状である、第1項に記載
の家屋。2. The house according to claim 1, wherein each of the building materials has a shape that can be processed from building materials having the same cross-sectional shape and length.
おいて、前記建築材の継ぎ合わせ面で整合する穴を各建
築材に設け、この穴に棒状部材が挿入された、第1項又
は第2項に記載の家屋。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when a plurality of said building materials are spliced in the width direction, holes are formed in each of the building materials so as to be aligned at a joint surface of said building materials, and a rod-shaped member is inserted into said holes. The house according to paragraph 2.
に当該複数継がれたものを幅方向に継ぐ場合において、
その長さ方向の継ぎ目が幅方向に隣接するものに対して
互いにずれた位置となるよう構成したことを特徴とす
る、第1項乃至第3項のいずれかに記載の家屋。4. In the case where a plurality of the building materials are spliced in a length direction and the plurality of spliced materials are spliced in a width direction,
The house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the seams in the length direction are arranged at positions shifted from each other in the width direction.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9087412A JP3046779B2 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 1997-03-21 | How to build a house |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9087412A JP3046779B2 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 1997-03-21 | How to build a house |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH10266343A true JPH10266343A (en) | 1998-10-06 |
JP3046779B2 JP3046779B2 (en) | 2000-05-29 |
Family
ID=13914172
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JP9087412A Expired - Fee Related JP3046779B2 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 1997-03-21 | How to build a house |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008144455A (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-26 | Kenchiku Kenkyusho Archivision:Kk | Structure of laminated wooden bars having equal cross sections |
CN106948485A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-07-14 | 丰和营造集团股份有限公司 | A kind of self-heat conserving building structure |
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JPS4872926A (en) * | 1971-12-29 | 1973-10-02 | ||
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JP2008144455A (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-26 | Kenchiku Kenkyusho Archivision:Kk | Structure of laminated wooden bars having equal cross sections |
CN106948485A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-07-14 | 丰和营造集团股份有限公司 | A kind of self-heat conserving building structure |
CN106948485B (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2023-02-21 | 丰和营造集团股份有限公司 | Self-heat-preservation house structure |
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