JPH10248416A - Method and apparatus for still water neutriculture - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for still water neutricultureInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10248416A JPH10248416A JP9050533A JP5053397A JPH10248416A JP H10248416 A JPH10248416 A JP H10248416A JP 9050533 A JP9050533 A JP 9050533A JP 5053397 A JP5053397 A JP 5053397A JP H10248416 A JPH10248416 A JP H10248416A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- crop
- planting
- water tank
- nutrient solution
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、移動しない溜ま
り水（渟水）状態の養液で作物に必要な成分を供給し、
しかも養液を補給することなく、湿気中根を十分に発育
させつつ作物を育てる渟水式養液栽培方法及び栽培装置
の技術分野に属する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a nutrient solution in a state of immovable pool water (supplementary water), which supplies necessary components to crops.
In addition, the present invention belongs to the technical field of a hydroponic hydroponic cultivation method and a cultivation apparatus for growing crops while sufficiently growing the roots in moisture without replenishing the nutrient solution.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】 従来、植物の栽培を養液で行う水耕栽培方法が広く
行われている。しかし、水耕栽培の場合は養液を強制循
環させる構成であり、植物の育成に必要な養分及び溶存
酸素量の調整、並びに水温の調整などの手段を含む大掛
かりな養液循環設備とその管理が必要であるから多大な
イニシャルコスト、及びランニングコストを要する。し
かも湿気中根を発育させないから、栽培が難しいとされ
るほうれん草を栽培した場合には、酸素不足等のために
葉肉が薄く、色も黄色を帯びて黄緑状になるなど成長が
悪く、とうてい商品にならない。その上、養液の絶え間
のない循環を前提とする構成であるため、作物又は設備
が一旦病気、細菌に汚染されると、当該循環設備に関連
する栽培の全部を廃棄せざるを得ない事態となって甚大
な損害を被ることになる。 特公平４−５２７３０号（特許第１７６９９６１
号）公報に記載された栽培方法は、養液を栽培に必要な
量だけ溜める渟水式であり、水槽を半地下式に構成して
外気温度による養液温度への悪影響を小さくした、所謂
渟水式養液栽培方法である。この栽培方法によれば、水
耕栽培のように大掛かりな養液循環設備とその管理は無
用であり、イニシャルコスト、ランニングコストも大幅
に安くなり、設備が簡易で経済的である。また、水槽単
位に独立した栽培方法なので、いずれかの水槽又は作物
が病気、細菌に汚染されても他の水槽への波及は心配な
く、当該水槽の栽培設備、作物を廃棄するだけで済み、
被害を最小限に抑制することもできる。 同様な渟水式養液栽培装置が特願平７ー１４００５
１号明細書及び図面に開示されている。この装置の特徴
は、柔軟性と耐水圧性及び透湿性を有するシート状素材
で形成した水槽を全て大気中に晒したこと、及び定植板
は前記水槽の蓋として液面の少し上に載置し、該定植板
の定植孔からは養液を吸い上げる吸水シートを水槽の養
液中に深く垂らし、幼苗が水槽の養液中に根を張りつけ
るまでの間は吸水シートが毛細管現象で吸い上げる養液
で植物を育てる構成である。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, hydroponic cultivation methods for cultivating plants with nutrient solutions have been widely performed. However, in the case of hydroponic cultivation, the nutrient solution is forcibly circulated, and large-scale nutrient solution circulating equipment including means for adjusting the amount of nutrients and dissolved oxygen necessary for growing plants and adjusting the water temperature, and managing the same. Is required, so a large initial cost and a running cost are required. In addition, when spinach is cultivated, which is considered difficult to grow because it does not develop moisture roots, the growth of the spinach is poor due to lack of oxygen, etc., and the color becomes yellowish green with yellowish color. do not become. In addition, because the structure is based on the constant circulation of nutrient solution, once a crop or equipment is contaminated with disease or bacteria, all cultivation related to the circulation equipment must be discarded. As a result, you will suffer enormous damage. JP-B-4-52730 (Patent No. 1769961)
No.) The cultivation method described in the official gazette is of a solitary type in which nutrient solution is stored in an amount required for cultivation, and the water tank is configured as a semi-underground type to reduce the adverse effect on the nutrient solution temperature due to the outside air temperature. It is a method of cultivating hydroponics. According to this cultivation method, large-scale nutrient solution circulating equipment and its management like hydroponic cultivation are unnecessary, initial costs and running costs are greatly reduced, and the equipment is simple and economical. In addition, since it is an independent cultivation method for each aquarium unit, even if any aquarium or crop is contaminated with bacteria, there is no risk of spreading to other aquariums, it is only necessary to discard the cultivation equipment and crops in the aquarium,
Damage can also be minimized. A similar hydroponics system is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 7-14005.
No. 1 and the drawings. The features of this device are that all the water tanks formed of sheet material having flexibility, water pressure resistance and moisture permeability are exposed to the atmosphere, and the planting board is placed slightly above the liquid level as a lid of the water tank. A water-absorbing sheet that sucks up the nutrient solution from the planting hole of the planting plate is dripped deeply into the nutrient solution in the aquarium, and until the seedlings stick the roots in the nutrient solution in the tank, the water-absorbing sheet sucks up by capillary action. It is a configuration to grow plants.
【０００３】[0003]
【本発明が解決しようとする課題】上述したのように
養液を強制循環させる水耕栽培方法の技術的、経済的な
問題点は論外としても、上記の渟水式養液栽培方法の
ように水槽を半地下式に構成する方式は、従前の耕地農
業の考えの域を出ない技術的思想によるものであり、農
作業者の姿勢が悪く苦しい労働を強いられる点に問題が
ある。The technical and economic problems of the hydroponic cultivation method in which the nutrient solution is forcibly circulated as described above are out of the question. The method of constructing the water tank in a semi-underground type is based on a technical idea that does not go beyond the conventional idea of arable land farming, and has a problem in that the attitude of the farm worker is bad and forced labor is required.
【０００４】上記の先願発明に係る渟水式栽培装置
は、農作業の姿勢を楽にできる特長がある。しかし、吸
水シートで養液を吸い上げさせて植物を育成する栽培方
法は、作物の育成が１００％とならない点に問題があ
る。即ち、湿度が低く温度が高い気候や季節、例えば夏
場には吸水シートが養液を毛細管現象で吸い上げるより
も蒸発し乾燥する方が早くて、吸水シート自体が乾いて
しまい、作物に養液が届かず枯れてしまう事例が往々見
られる。また、せっかく吸水シートで作物の根を水槽の
養液へ導く構成にしているにも関わらず、作物の根が意
に反して吸水シートに沿っては延びず、寝ころんだ形に
育って枯れる事例も往々見られる。その他、消費材とし
ての吸水シートが、ランニングコストとして意外に高く
つくこと、及び定植板の各定植孔へ一つ一つ吸水シート
を適正な態様で取付ける作業に多くの手間が掛かるとい
う問題点もある。[0004] The above-mentioned water cultivation apparatus according to the invention of the prior application has a feature that the posture of agricultural work can be easily performed. However, the cultivation method in which a nutrient solution is sucked up with a water-absorbing sheet to grow a plant has a problem in that the growth of the crop is not 100%. That is, in a climate or a season in which the humidity is low and the temperature is high, for example, in the summer, the water absorbing sheet evaporates and dries faster than sucking up the nutrient solution by capillary action, and the water absorbing sheet itself dries, and the nutrient solution is applied to the crop. There are often cases where they do not reach and die. Also, despite the fact that the roots of the crop are led to the nutrient solution in the aquarium with a water absorbing sheet, the roots of the crop do not extend along the water absorbing sheet, but grow up in a lying shape and die. Are also often seen. In addition, there are also problems that a water-absorbing sheet as a consumer is unexpectedly expensive as a running cost, and a lot of labor is required to attach the water-absorbing sheet to each of the planting holes of the planting board in an appropriate manner. is there.
【０００５】従って、本発明の第１の目的は、作物の湿
気中根を十分に発育させる栽培方法であるが、吸水シー
トを使用しないで済み、吸水シートに要するランニング
コスト、及び取付けの手間を一切省ける渟水式養液栽培
方法と栽培装置を提供することである。本発明の次の目
的は、作物の育成を１００％の確率で行うことが出来、
作物の歩留り率の高い栽培ができ、また、定植板の配設
作業の手間を可及的に省ける渟水式養液栽培方法及び栽
培装置を提供することである。Accordingly, the first object of the present invention is a cultivation method for sufficiently growing the roots in the moisture of a crop, but without using a water-absorbing sheet, the running cost required for the water-absorbing sheet and the time and labor required for installation are completely reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponics method and a cultivation apparatus which can be omitted. The next object of the present invention is to grow crops with 100% probability,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and a cultivation apparatus for cultivating a hydroponic solution, which can cultivate a crop at a high yield rate and can reduce the labor for arranging a fixed planting board as much as possible.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記従来技術の課題を解
決するための手段として、請求項１に係る渟水式養液栽
培方法は、水槽に，少なくとも作物の収穫に至るまでに
必要とされる量の養液を満たすこと、前記水槽に、前記
必要量の養液を収容した際の液面の高さ以下の高さに定
植板を水平に支持する定植板支持部を設けること、前記
定植板支持部の上に支持される定植板に、同板の厚さ方
向に貫通する作物の定植孔を設け、前記の定植孔へ所望
の作物を植え付けた定植板を前記水槽の養液面上に浮か
べること、そのまま作物の育成期間に移り、養液の減少
に伴う液面の降下に従い定植板は支持部上に止めて支持
せしめ、降下した液面と定植板との間に空気層を形成せ
しめ、作物の根に湿気中根を発育させ、同作物の収穫期
に至り作物の収穫を行うことを特徴とする。As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, a method of cultivating a hydroponics according to claim 1 is required in a water tank at least until the crop is harvested. Filling the nutrient solution, the water tank is provided with a planting board support portion that horizontally supports the planting board at a height equal to or less than the height of the liquid level when the required amount of the nutrient solution is stored, A planting plate supported on the planting plate support portion is provided with a planting hole for a crop penetrating in the thickness direction of the plate, and the planting plate in which a desired crop is planted in the planting hole is placed on a nutrient surface of the water tank. Float on the top, move to the growing period of the crop as it is, stop the planting board on the support part as the liquid level drops due to the decrease of nutrient solution, support it, and create an air layer between the lowered liquid level and the planting board. Form, grow roots in the roots of the crop and cultivate the roots of the crop. And performing.
【０００７】請求項２記載の発明に係る渟水式養液栽培
装置は、やはり水槽に、少なくとも作物の収穫に至るま
でに必要とされる量の養液を満たすこと、前記水槽に必
要量の養液を収容した際の液面の高さ以下の高さに定植
板を水平に支持する定植板支持部を設けること、前記定
植板支持部の上に支持される定植板に同板の厚さ方向に
貫通する作物の定植孔を設け、前記の定植孔へ所望の作
物を植えた定植板を前記水槽の端部の位置において養液
面上に浮かべると共に所要数の定植板を順次養液面上に
浮かべつつ水槽の長手方向へ順押しに送って同水槽の養
液面上の全面に配設すること、そのまま作物の育成期間
に移り、養液の減少に伴う液面の降下に従い定植板は支
持部上に止めて支持せしめ、降下した液面と定植板との
間に空気層を形成せしめて作物の根に湿気中根を発育さ
せ、同作物の収穫期に至り作物の収穫を行うことを特徴
とする。[0007] A second aspect of the present invention is directed to a water culture solution cultivation apparatus according to the second aspect, wherein the water tank is filled with at least an amount of nutrient solution required until harvesting of the crop. Providing a planting board supporting portion for horizontally supporting the planting board at a height equal to or lower than the level of the liquid level when the nutrient solution is accommodated, the thickness of the board being set on the planting board supported on the planting board supporting portion A planting hole for a crop penetrating in the vertical direction is provided, and a planting plate in which a desired crop is planted in the planting hole is floated on a nutrient solution surface at the end of the aquarium, and a required number of planting plates are sequentially fed into the nutrient solution. Floating on the surface and sending it in the longitudinal direction of the aquarium in a forward direction and disposing it on the entire surface of the nutrient solution in the aquarium, moving to the crop growing period as it is, and planting it as the liquid level decreases due to the decrease in nutrient solution The plate is stopped on the support part and supported, and an air layer is formed between the falling liquid level and the planting board Shimete crop roots moisture Nakane allowed to develop in the, and performs harvesting crops leads to harvest the crop.
【０００８】請求項３記載の発明に係る渟水式養液栽培
方法は、少なくとも作物の収穫に至るまでに必要とされ
る量の養液を満たすことが可能な容量を有し、前記必要
量の養液を収容した際の液面の高さ以下の高さに定植板
を水平に支持する定植板支持部を設けている水槽と、前
記定植板支持部の上に支持される板に厚さ方向に貫通す
る作物の定植孔を設けてあり、前記の定植孔へ所望の作
物を植え付ける定植板とから成り、前記水槽の養液面上
に所望の植物を植えた定植板を浮かべ、そのまま作物の
育成期間に移り、養液の減少に伴う液面の降下に従い定
植板は支持部上に止めて支持せしめ、降下した液面と定
植板との間に空気層を形成せしめて作物の根に湿気中根
を発育させ、同作物の収穫期に至り作物の収穫を行うこ
とを特徴とする。[0008] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cultivating a nutrient solution according to the present invention, which has a capacity capable of filling at least an amount of nutrient solution required until the crop is harvested. A water tank provided with a planting plate support portion that horizontally supports the planting plate at a height equal to or lower than the level of the liquid level when the nutrient solution is stored, and a plate supported on the planting plate support portion with a thickness. A planting hole for a crop penetrating in the vertical direction is provided, comprising a planting plate for planting a desired crop in the planting hole, floating the planting plate with the desired plant on the nutrient surface of the aquarium, Moving to the growing season of the crop, the planting plate is stopped on the support part and supported as the liquid level drops due to the decrease in nutrient solution, and an air layer is formed between the lowered liquid surface and the planting plate, and the root of the crop is grown. It is characterized by developing roots in the humid area and harvesting the crops until the harvest season of the crops.
【０００９】請求項４記載の発明に係る渟水式養液栽培
装置は、少なくとも作物の収穫に至るまでに必要とされ
る量の養液を満たすことが可能な容量を有し、前記必要
量の養液を収容した際の液面の高さ以下の高さに定植板
を水平に支持する定植板支持部を設けて成る水槽と、前
記定植板支持部の上に支持される幅板に厚さ方向に貫通
する作物の定植孔を設けてあり、前記の定植孔へ所望の
作物を植え付ける定植板と、前記の水槽を農作業の姿勢
が楽な高さに支持する手段とから成り、前記水槽の養液
面上に所望の作物を植えた定植板を浮かべ、そのまま作
物の育成期間に移り、養液の減少に伴う液面の降下に従
い定植板は支持部上に止めて支持せしめ、降下した液面
と定植板との間に空気層を形成せしめて作物の根に湿気
中根を発育させ、同作物の収穫期に至り作物の収穫を行
うことを特徴とする。A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a hydroponic solution for nutrient solution cultivation, which has a capacity capable of filling at least an amount of nutrient solution required until the crop is harvested. A water tank comprising a planting plate support portion for horizontally supporting the planting plate at a height equal to or lower than the liquid level when the nutrient solution is stored, and a width plate supported on the planting plate support portion A planting hole for a crop penetrating in the thickness direction is provided, and a planting plate for planting a desired crop in the planting hole, and a means for supporting the water tank at a comfortable height for farming work, Float a fixed planting board on which the desired crop is planted on the nutrient surface of the aquarium, and proceed to the growing period of the crop as it is, and as the liquid level falls due to the decrease in nutrient solution, stop the fixed planting plate on the support and support it. An air layer is formed between the liquid level and the planting board to allow the roots of the crop to develop moisture roots, And performing harvesting crops leads to harvest crops.
【００１０】請求項５記載の発明は、請求項１又は２に
記載した渟水式養液栽培方法において、定植板は水槽の
養液面の全面を光と熱が入らないように覆う状態に浮か
べることを特徴とする、[0010] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method according to the first or second aspect, the fixed planting plate covers the entire surface of the nutrient solution of the aquarium so that light and heat do not enter. Characterized by floating,
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態及び実施例】図１〜図４は、横断面
形状と構造・材質が種々異なる水槽Ｐによる渟水式溶液
栽培方法及び栽培装置の実施形態を示している。水槽Ｐ
の材質は紙質、不織布、プラスチックシート等のシート
状素材、又は硬質のプラスチック板、金属板、木板等の
何れでも使用可能である。特に図４は発泡プラスチック
フォームを組み立てて形成した水槽枠の内部にシート状
素材Ｓを敷設して構成した水槽Ｐの例を示している。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIGS. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a water cultivation method and a cultivation apparatus using a water tank P having various cross-sectional shapes and various structures and materials. Water tank P
The material can be any of a sheet material such as paper, nonwoven fabric, and plastic sheet, or a hard plastic plate, a metal plate, a wooden plate, and the like. In particular, FIG. 4 shows an example of a water tank P constructed by laying a sheet material S inside a water tank frame formed by assembling a foamed plastic foam.
【００１２】図１〜図４の実施例はいずれも、水槽Ｐに
少なくとも作物Ｑの収穫に至るまでに必要とされる量の
養液６を満たす（各Ａ図を参照）。ここに少なくとも作
物の収穫に至るまでに必要とされる養液量とは、本来的
には作物Ｑの吸収量であり、蒸発その他の遺漏量、発汗
量などの合計量を意味する。もっと具体的、現実的には
図１〜図４の各Ｃ図で明らかなように、およそ作物Ｑの
収穫時期になってもかなりな量の養液６が残存し、未だ
作物の根が養分を吸い上げ得る状態であることをも包含
する。そして、作物Ｑによる吸収と蒸発等により養液が
減少して降下した液面と共に降下した結果、直下の支持
部にＴより止められ高さ位置を不動に支持された定植板
７との間に、相当な空気層Ｒを形成する量であることを
も意味する。従って、水槽Ｐの横断面形状の如何によっ
て、前記の必要液量も様々と言うことになる。例えばフ
ラスコのように上部の幅寸が狭い水槽、或いは鼓のよう
に上部の幅寸が広い水槽によって必要液量は大きく異な
ることを理解されたい。In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the aquarium P is filled with at least the required amount of the nutrient solution 6 until the crop Q is harvested (see each A diagram). Here, the amount of the nutrient solution required at least until the crop is harvested is essentially the absorption amount of the crop Q, and means the total amount of evaporation and other leakage, sweating, and the like. More specifically and practically, as apparent from each of the C diagrams in FIGS. 1 to 4, a considerable amount of the nutrient solution 6 remains even when the crop Q is about to be harvested, and the roots of the crop are still nourished. In a state in which can be sucked up. Then, as a result of the nutrient solution decreasing due to the absorption and evaporation by the crop Q and dropping along with the liquid surface that has dropped, between the fixed planting plate 7 stopped by T at the support portion immediately below and fixedly supported at the height position. , An amount that forms a considerable air layer R. Therefore, the required liquid amount varies depending on the cross-sectional shape of the water tank P. It should be understood that the required liquid volume varies greatly depending on the type of water tank having a narrow upper portion, such as a flask, or a width of the upper portion, such as a drum.
【００１３】なお、養液６は、作物の成育に応じて必要
とされる栄養分（肥料分）や溶存酸素を含み、病気や細
菌類に汚染されていない程度に消毒等された水を主体成
分として調整されたものが好適である。図１〜図４の場
合、水槽Ｐの上部の両側であって、前記養液６を必要量
収容した際の液面の高さより以下の高さ位置（図１〜図
４の各Ａ図とＢ図の定植板の高さ位置を対比されたい）
に、定植板７を水平に支持する定植板支持部Ｔを設けて
いる。図１及び図３には明示の定植板支持部を積極的に
形成していないが、水槽Ｐの横断面形状を下向きに幅寸
が狭くなる碗形状乃至すり鉢形状に形成しているので、
養液６の液面が少し下がって定植板７の両端が当たる位
置が定植板支持部Ｔになる。支持部Ｔの高さ位置に関す
る前記条件は、定植板７を当初必ず養液６の液面に浮か
べ、その後養液が減少し液面が降下した段階で支持部Ｔ
に止めて支持させる栽培法に不可欠である。なお、定植
板支持部Ｔは水槽Ｐの底壁又は側壁から支柱のように立
ち上がり又は突出す要素を突設して実施することもでき
る。The nutrient solution 6 contains nutrients (fertilizer) and dissolved oxygen required according to the growth of the crop, and contains water that has been disinfected to the extent that it is not contaminated by diseases or bacteria. The one adjusted as is preferable. In the case of FIGS. 1 to 4, on both sides of the upper part of the water tank P, a height position which is lower than the liquid level when the required amount of the nutrient solution 6 is stored (FIG. 1 to FIG. Please compare the height position of the planting board in Fig. B)
The fixed planting board support part T which supports the fixed planting board 7 horizontally is provided. In FIGS. 1 and 3, the explicit planting plate support is not positively formed, but since the transverse cross-sectional shape of the water tank P is formed in a bowl shape or a mortar shape in which the width is narrowed downward,
The position where the liquid surface of the nutrient solution 6 is slightly lowered and the both ends of the planting plate 7 contact each other becomes the planting plate support portion T. The above condition regarding the height position of the support portion T is such that the planting plate 7 always floats on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution 6 first, and then the support portion T
It is indispensable for the cultivation method to stop and support. In addition, the fixed planting board support part T can also be implemented by projecting an element that rises or protrudes from the bottom wall or side wall of the water tank P like a column.
【００１４】次に、作物Ｑを植付けて育てる培地たる定
植板７は、本実施例では水槽Ｐの前記定植板支持部Ｔの
上に支持され得る幅寸で、同水槽の長さと同じ又はその
長さを複数に分割した長さ、一例として厚さが３０mm程
度、縦、横寸法は５００×７００mm程度で比重が軽い発
泡スチロール樹脂板等で作られている。この定植板７に
は、同板の厚さ方向に貫通する作物の定植孔８を設け、
この定植孔８へ所望の作物を植え付けて前記水槽Ｐの養
液面上に浮かべる。定植孔８は単なる切れ目として実施
することもできる。定植板７は、水槽Ｐが小さいときは
同形・同大の一枚板として実施することもできる。Next, in this embodiment, the planting plate 7 as a medium for planting and growing the crop Q has a width which can be supported on the planting plate support portion T of the water tank P and is equal to or equal to the length of the water tank. The length is divided into a plurality of lengths, for example, the thickness is about 30 mm, the vertical and horizontal dimensions are about 500 × 700 mm, and it is made of a styrene foam resin plate having a light specific gravity. This planting plate 7 is provided with a planting hole 8 for crops penetrating in the thickness direction of the plate,
A desired crop is planted in the planting hole 8 and floated on the nutrient solution surface of the water tank P. The planting hole 8 can also be implemented as a simple cut. When the water tank P is small, the planting plate 7 can be implemented as a single plate of the same shape and the same size.
【００１５】本発明の特徴は、前記のように所望の作物
Ｑを植え付けた定植板７を水槽Ｐの養液面上に浮かべ
る。その以後は養液６の補給を一切行うことなく、その
まま作物Ｑの育成期間へと移る。作物Ｑの発育と共に養
液６は吸収され減少してその液面は図１〜図４の各Ｂ、
Ｃ図のように漸次下降する。定植板７も液面と共に下降
し数日のうちに定植板支持部Ｔに止められ高さ位置を不
動に支持される。一方、依然として日数に比例するよう
に下降する養液６の液面と定植板７との間には、空気層
Ｒが発生して日時の経過と共に拡大する。その結果、作
物Ｑの根は依然として養液６の中に浸かった「水中根ｑ
1 」と、空気層Ｒに露出した「湿気中根ｑ2 」との二本
立ての発育が進み、前記「湿気中根ｑ2 」が大気中から
必要十分な量の酸素を吸収して収穫に十分な品質状態に
まで作物が成長することを促進する。従って、栽培が最
も難しいとされるほうれん草でも、酸素不足に陥ること
なく、瑞々しいまでに新鮮でしっかりと太い茎と厚い葉
肉、深い緑の成草を収穫することが出来る。A feature of the present invention is that the fixed planting board 7 on which the desired crop Q is planted is floated on the nutrient solution surface of the water tank P as described above. Thereafter, the process directly proceeds to the growing period of the crop Q without any replenishment of the nutrient solution 6. With the growth of the crop Q, the nutrient solution 6 is absorbed and decreased, and the liquid level thereof is as shown in each of FIGS.
It gradually descends as shown in FIG. The planting board 7 also descends with the liquid level and is stopped by the planting board support portion T within a few days, and the height position is immovably supported. On the other hand, an air layer R is generated between the liquid surface of the nutrient solution 6 and the fixed planting plate 7 which still descends in proportion to the number of days, and expands as the date and time elapse. As a result, the root of crop Q was still immersed in nutrient solution 6
1 ) and “moisture root q 2 ” exposed to the air layer R, and the development of the double feature progresses, and the “moisture root q 2 ” absorbs a necessary and sufficient amount of oxygen from the atmosphere and has a sufficient quality for harvesting. Promotes the growth of crops to a state. Therefore, even spinach, which is considered to be the most difficult to cultivate, can freshly and firmly harvest thick stems, thick leaf, and deep green adults without falling into oxygen shortage.
【００１６】作物Ｑの育成期間中は、防除等の手入れは
行うとしても、養液６の強制循環等の設備や管理は一切
無用である。よって水槽Ｐ或いは作物Ｑが病気、細菌に
汚染されても被害は水槽の単位で抑制することが出来
る。また、作物Ｑを植え付けた定植板７は当初水槽Ｐの
養液面上に直接浮かべるので、定植孔８を浸す養液６に
よって作物Ｑの成育に必要な養分、水分を十分に与えら
れ、作物は１００％の均一な発育を期待できる。勿論、
吸水シートの必要性は皆無である。During the growing period of the crop Q, facilities such as forced circulation of the nutrient solution 6 and the like are completely unnecessary even if care such as control is performed. Therefore, even if the water tank P or the crop Q is contaminated with disease or bacteria, the damage can be suppressed in units of the water tank. Since the planting plate 7 on which the crop Q is planted is floated directly on the surface of the nutrient solution in the water tank P, the nutrient solution 6 immersed in the planting hole 8 provides sufficient nutrients and water necessary for growing the crop Q. Can be expected to grow 100% uniformly. Of course,
There is no need for a water-absorbent sheet.
【００１７】図１〜図４に示した水槽Ｐは、いずれも紙
面の垂直方向に、小は１ｍ程度から大は５ｍとか１０
ｍ，数１０ｍの長さに形成される。そして、作物を植え
付けた定植板７は水槽の養液面上に浮かべられ、その全
面に複数配設される。作物を植え付けた複数の定植板７
を長い水槽Ｐの養液面上の全面に配設する方法として
は、定植板７を当所養液６の液面上に浮かべることを積
極的に利用して次のように行うのが有利である。作業者
は水槽Ｐの一方の端部の位置に立ち、作物を植え付けた
定植板７は水槽の端部の養液面上に浮かべ、順次他方の
端部に向かって養液面上を長手方向へ順押しに送る。か
くして最終的には水槽Ｐの養液面の全面を光が入射しな
い程度に覆う配置に並べる方法の実施が効率的であり、
省力化を図れる。液面上の複数の定植板７は相互に密接
に突き合わせた状態に並べると、太陽光の入射を防いで
藻などの発生を防ぎ、且つ入射熱によって液温が上昇す
るのを防ぐことができる。Each of the water tanks P shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has a small size of about 1 m to a large size of 5 m or 10 m in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.
m, several tens of meters long. Then, the fixed planting board 7 on which the crops are planted is floated on the nutrient solution surface of the water tank, and a plurality of the planting boards 7 are arranged on the entire surface. Multiple planting boards 7 with crops planted
Is arranged on the entire surface of the nutrient solution of the long aquarium P, it is advantageous to positively utilize the floating of the fixed planting plate 7 on the surface of the nutrient solution 6 in the following manner. is there. The operator stands at the position of one end of the water tank P, and the fixed planting board 7 on which the crops are planted floats on the nutrient surface at the end of the water tank, and sequentially moves in the longitudinal direction on the nutrient surface toward the other end. Send to push. Thus, it is efficient to implement a method of finally arranging the entire surface of the nutrient solution surface of the water tank P so that light is not incident thereon.
Labor saving can be achieved. When the plurality of fixed planting boards 7 on the liquid surface are arranged in a state in which they are in close contact with each other, it is possible to prevent the incidence of sunlight, prevent the generation of algae, and prevent the liquid temperature from rising due to incident heat. .
【００１８】定植板７に作物を植え付ける方法として
は、発芽した幼苗を植え付ける方法と、種を蒔く方
法とに大別される。後者の種を蒔く方法の場合は、発
芽を均一に進めるため、播種した定植板７は一旦発芽室
へ搬入し、発芽させた後に発芽室から定植板を取り出し
て水槽へ浮かべる手順を実施するのが好ましい。上記の
次第であるから。請求項３記載の発明に係る渟水式養液
栽培装置は、要するに、少なくとも作物Ｑの収穫に至る
までに必要とされる量の養液６を満たすことが可能な容
量を有し、前記必要量の養液６を収容した際の液面の高
さ以下の高さに定植板７を水平に支持する定植板支持部
Ｔを設けている水槽Ｐと、前記定植板支持部Ｔの上に支
持される板に厚さ方向に貫通する作物の定植孔８を設
け、前記の定植孔８へ所望の作物Ｑを植え付ける定植板
７とで構成される。The method of planting a crop on the planting plate 7 is broadly classified into a method of planting germinated seedlings and a method of sowing seeds. In the case of the latter method of sowing seeds, in order to promote germination evenly, a procedure is carried out in which the seeded planting board 7 is once carried into a germination room, germinated and then taken out of the germination room and floated in a water tank. Is preferred. Because it depends on the above. According to the third aspect of the present invention, the cultivation apparatus for nutrient solution according to the third aspect has a capacity capable of filling at least the required amount of the nutrient solution 6 until the crop Q is harvested. A water tank P provided with a fixed planting plate support T for horizontally supporting the fixed planting plate 7 at a height equal to or lower than the level of the liquid level when the amount of the nutrient solution 6 is accommodated; A planting hole 8 for a crop penetrating in the thickness direction is provided on a supported plate, and a planting plate 7 for planting a desired crop Q into the planting hole 8.
【００１９】もっとも、請求項４に記載した発明のよう
に、前記水槽Ｐを作業者が農作業の際に腰を曲げたりし
ないで済む楽な姿勢の高さ、例えば地面上６０〜１００
cm位の高さに支持する架台等の支持手段と組み合わせた
構成で実施するのが実際に好適である。この渟水式養液
栽培装置は、通例温室内に設備されるが、露地栽培用に
設備されることもある。However, as in the invention as set forth in claim 4, the water tank P can be set in a comfortable posture at which the worker does not need to bend his / her hips during farm work, for example, 60 to 100 feet above the ground.
It is actually preferable to carry out the configuration in combination with a supporting means such as a gantry for supporting at a height of about cm. This water-culture system is usually installed in a greenhouse, but may be installed for open-field cultivation.
【００２０】次に、図５以下に示した渟水式養液栽培方
法及び栽培装置は、シート状素材で水槽を組み立てた実
施形態である。以下にこれを説明する。水槽Ｐの支持手
段として、地面上に作業員が腰を折らない楽な姿勢で農
作業できる高さ（約６０cm程前後）の支持構体が、支柱
２と横繋ぎ桟３等々で言わば畝状に長く構築されてい
る。前記の支持構体には、シート定着溝１ａを有する形
材１が、水槽Ｐの口縁に沿う配置で支持されている。前
記形材１が形成する枠面の上に、その幅寸よりも水槽の
深さ及び両側へ裾部分として垂れ下がる長さ分を合計幅
寸とする、水槽Ｐを形成するシート状素材５が大きく広
げられ、このシート状素材５を、形材１の開口部を幅狭
に形成された公知のシート定着溝１ａへ入れ込んだ公知
の弾性な波形線状のシート止め材４によって全周を止着
し水槽Ｐが形成されている。図５は水槽Ｐが幅方向に２
列平行に設けられた実施例を示している。もっとも水槽
Ｐの底部を地面に接地させた状態、又は一部土中に埋め
込んだ形で実施することもできる。この点は図１〜図４
の実施例にも共通する。Next, the method and the apparatus for cultivating a nutrient solution shown in FIG. 5 and subsequent figures are embodiments in which a water tank is assembled from sheet-like materials. This will be described below. As a support means for the water tank P, a support structure having a height (about 60 cm) at which a worker can work on the ground in a comfortable posture without breaking the waist is long in a so-called ridge-like manner with the support 2 and the horizontal connecting bar 3 and the like. Has been built. The profile 1 having the sheet fixing groove 1a is supported by the support structure in an arrangement along the edge of the water tank P. The sheet-shaped material 5 forming the water tank P on the frame surface formed by the shape member 1 is larger than the width of the water tank P, and the total length thereof is the depth of the water tank and the length that hangs down on both sides as hem portions. The sheet material 5 is spread, and the entire periphery thereof is stopped by a known elastic corrugated sheet stopper 4 which is inserted into a known sheet fixing groove 1a in which the opening of the profile 1 is formed narrow. A dressing tank P is formed. FIG. 5 shows that the water tank P is 2 widthwise.
2 shows an embodiment provided in parallel with the columns. However, it can also be implemented in a state where the bottom of the water tank P is grounded to the ground, or in a state where it is partially buried in the soil. This point is shown in FIGS.
This embodiment is also common to the embodiments.
【００２１】水槽Ｐを形成する前記シート状素材５に
は、シートとしての取扱い易さのある柔軟性と、養液を
収容し支持しても相当な長さの耐用寿命を発揮する耐水
圧性があれば使用可能である。この水槽Ｐも、作物の収
穫に至るまでに必要とされる量の養液を十分な余裕をも
って収容することが可能な大きさとされる。横断面形状
は上記の図１又は図３の実施例にも似て下向きに幅寸が
狭くなる形状とされ、前記の支持構体によって支持され
る。水槽Ｐの大きさはまた、両側の作業通路から作業員
が手を伸ばして作物の手入れや収穫の作業が出来るよう
に、全幅を１００cm程度、長さは例えばビニールハウス
の棟の長さに応じて２５ｍとか５０ｍ程度に構成されて
いる。前記水槽Ｐに、少なくとも作物の収穫に至るまで
に必要とされる量の養液６が収容される。The sheet-like material 5 forming the water tank P has flexibility that is easy to handle as a sheet, and water pressure resistance that exhibits a considerable service life even when a nutrient solution is stored and supported. If available, it can be used. This water tank P is also sized to accommodate a sufficient amount of nutrient solution required until the crop is harvested. The cross-sectional shape is narrowed downward in a similar manner to the embodiment of FIG. 1 or FIG. 3 described above, and is supported by the support structure. The size of the water tank P is also about 100 cm, and the length depends on the length of the plastic house, for example, so that workers can reach out from the work passages on both sides to perform crop care and harvest work. And about 25 m or 50 m. The aquarium P contains at least an amount of the nutrient solution 6 required until the crop is harvested.
【００２２】定植板７は、前記のように構成された水槽
Ｐに栽培作物の収穫までに必要とされる量の養液６が収
容された際の液面よりも少し下った液面の幅寸と略等し
い幅（通例５０cm前後とされる）で、同水槽Ｐの長さを
複数に分割した長さ（作業上の取扱い易さ、利便性を考
慮して通例７５cm前後）に形成し、安価で比重の小さい
発泡プラスチック板が使用されている。もっとも、定植
板７の材質は、水槽Ｐの養液６上に浮く限りは特に限定
されない。また、水槽Ｐの長さが小さいときは同形、同
大の１枚の定植板で実施することもできる。定植板７の
定植孔８は、図６に例示したように作物の生育に適切な
間隔の栽培畝を形成するように縦、横に規則的な配列で
複数設けられている。定植孔８の大きさ、形状は作物の
植栽状態に応じてまちまちである。一例を示すと、図
７、図８のように幅１５mm、長さ１０〜１５cm程度のス
リット形状に設け、両端部に倒立三角形状の受け座８ａ
を形成している。作物の種子９を収容し保持する透水性
の保持シート１０は二つ折り状態にしてその中に種子９
を蒔き、前記定植孔８の受け座８ａに両端を支持させた
形でセットする。前記保持シート１０の代わりに、種子
を保持可能なガーゼ、ウレタンスポンジ、綿布などを使
用することもできる。定植孔８は、単なる丸孔、角孔で
も良いし、場合によっては単なる切れ目で実施すること
もできる。The fixed planting plate 7 has a liquid surface width slightly lower than the liquid surface when the nutrient solution 6 required for harvesting the cultivated crop is stored in the water tank P configured as described above. The width of the water tank P is substantially equal to the size (usually about 50 cm), and the length of the water tank P is divided into a plurality of lengths (usually about 75 cm in consideration of workability and convenience in work), An inexpensive foamed plastic plate having a small specific gravity is used. However, the material of the planting plate 7 is not particularly limited as long as it floats on the nutrient solution 6 in the water tank P. Moreover, when the length of the water tank P is small, it can also be carried out with a single planting board of the same shape and the same size. As shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of the planting holes 8 of the planting board 7 are provided in a regular arrangement in a vertical and horizontal direction so as to form cultivation ridges at appropriate intervals for growing the crop. The size and shape of the fixed planting hole 8 vary depending on the planting condition of the crop. For example, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a slit 15a having a width of about 15 mm and a length of about 10 to 15 cm is provided.
Is formed. The permeable holding sheet 10 for holding and holding the crop seeds 9 is folded in two, and the seeds 9 are contained therein.
And set it in a form in which both ends are supported in the receiving seat 8a of the fixed planting hole 8. Instead of the holding sheet 10, a gauze, urethane sponge, cotton cloth, or the like that can hold seeds can be used. The planting hole 8 may be a simple round hole or a square hole, or in some cases, a simple cut.
【００２３】上述した水槽Ｐに必要量の養液６を供給
し、一方、定植板７の定植孔８へは例えばほうれん草の
種子９を保持させた保持シート１０をセットして播種作
業を行う。この定植板７は直接、又は一旦発芽室へ入れ
て双葉程度に発芽した段階で、前記水槽Ｐの養液６の液
面上に浮かべる。発芽室を使用すると、発芽に好適な環
境が整っているので、発芽を早く均一に高効率に行え
る。水槽Ｐの液面上に浮かべられた定植板７は、図８に
示したように定植孔８へ植えた種子９又はそれが発芽し
た植物の根部が必ず直接液面下に浸る状態になるから、
従前の吸水シートが無用なばかりでなく、定植板７の定
植孔８へ播種された種子または発芽した植物の全部が必
ず養液を摂取し得る状態となる。よって養液不足が原因
で枯れたり、根部が転倒して発育不全に陥る心配はな
い。A required amount of the nutrient solution 6 is supplied to the above-described water tank P, and a holding sheet 10 holding, for example, spinach seeds 9 is set in the fixed planting holes 8 of the fixed planting plate 7 to perform a seeding operation. The planting board 7 floats on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution 6 in the water tank P directly or at the stage when it is once put into the germination chamber and germinated to the degree of double leaves. When a germination chamber is used, an environment suitable for germination is prepared, so that germination can be performed quickly, uniformly and with high efficiency. As shown in FIG. 8, the planting plate 7 floating on the liquid surface of the water tank P is in a state where the seeds 9 planted in the planting holes 8 or the roots of the plants in which the seeds germinated are always directly immersed below the liquid surface. ,
Not only is the conventional water-absorbing sheet useless, but also all of the seeds or germinated plants sown in the planting holes 8 of the planting board 7 can take a nutrient solution. Therefore, there is no fear of withering due to lack of nutrient solution or falling down of the root and causing growth failure.
【００２４】前記のように各定植孔８へ種子９が蒔か
れ、又は一旦発芽室に入れられ発芽した後に取り出され
た定植板７は、図６に示したように栽培装置の水槽Ｐの
養液面上の全面にびっしり浮かべ、養液６の無用な蒸発
を防ぎ、且つ太陽光の入射を防ぎ、更に放熱を防ぐよう
に密に並べて液面を覆う状態に配設される。その作業方
法として、上記したように定植板７は栽培装置の水槽Ｐ
の一方の端部に立った作業員が、一枚ずつ同水槽Ｐの端
部へ浮かべると共にこれを他方の端部に向かって順押し
操作で移動させる。図５に示したように水槽Ｐの液面上
に浮かび両側縁を同水槽Ｐの壁面に拘束された定植板７
は、順次一連の板状になって液面上を流れるが如くに軽
やかに移動してゆき、遂には液面の全面に配設すること
が可能である。よって作業員がいちいち移動して定植板
７を配設して回る必要は一切なく、軽作業として高能率
に行うことができる。As described above, the seeds 9 are sowed in the respective planting holes 8, or the planting plate 7 taken out after being put into the germination chamber and germinated as shown in FIG. They are closely arranged to cover the liquid surface so as to float on the entire surface of the liquid surface, prevent unnecessary evaporation of the nutrient solution 6, prevent sunlight from entering, and further prevent heat radiation. As the working method, as described above, the fixed planting plate 7 is a water tank P of the cultivation apparatus.
The worker standing at one end floats one by one to the end of the water tank P and moves it toward the other end by a forward pushing operation. As shown in FIG. 5, the planting board 7 floating on the liquid surface of the water tank P and having both side edges restrained by the wall surface of the water tank P
Can be gently moved like a series of plate-like shapes flowing on the liquid surface, and finally can be disposed on the entire surface of the liquid surface. Therefore, there is no need for the worker to move and dispose the fixed planting board 7 one by one, and light work can be performed efficiently.
【００２５】かくして水槽Ｐの液面上の全面に浮かべて
配設された定植板７は、そのまま作物Ｑ（ほうれん草）
の育成期間へと移行する。もっとも、育成期間の当初に
は、しばらくの間、シート状素材５の両側へ垂れた裾部
分を図５に点線で図示したように起こして定植板７の上
に被せ、保護膜として利用するのが良い。作物Ｑによっ
て養液６が吸収・消費されその液面が降下するに従い、
当初は図５のように養液６の液面に浮かんでいた定植板
７も下降して、その両側縁が水槽Ｐの両壁面に引っ掛か
って止まった状態でそのまま支持される。更に液面が下
降すると定植板７との間に空気層Ｒが発生し、それは漸
次拡大する（図９を参照）。その結果、当初は浸るほど
に十分な養液６中の栄養分や溶存酸素を吸収して発育し
た作物Ｑの根部は、依然として養液６の中に浸る「水中
根」と、液面が下がって発生した空間Ｒに露出する「湿
気中根」との二本立てとなり、前記「湿気中根」が良く
発達して大気中から必要十分な量の酸素を吸収して収穫
に十分な品質状態に成長することを促進する。従って、
栽培が難しいとされるほうれん草でも、酸素不足に陥る
ことなく、瑞々しいまでに新鮮でしっかりと太い茎と厚
い葉肉、深い緑の成草を収穫することが出来る。Thus, the fixed planting board 7 floating on the entire surface of the liquid surface of the water tank P is used as it is for the crop Q (spinach).
Shift to the training period. However, at the beginning of the growing period, for a while, the hem portions hanging down on both sides of the sheet-shaped material 5 are raised as shown by the dotted line in FIG. Is good. As the nutrient solution 6 is absorbed and consumed by the crop Q and its level drops,
Initially, the fixed planting plate 7 floating on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution 6 as shown in FIG. 5 also descends, and is supported as it is in a state where both side edges are caught and stopped on both wall surfaces of the water tank P. When the liquid level further decreases, an air layer R is generated between the planting plate 7 and the air layer R, which gradually expands (see FIG. 9). As a result, the root portion of the crop Q that has grown by absorbing nutrients and dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution 6 enough to soak at the beginning, is still under water in the nutrient solution 6 and the level of the water drops. It becomes a double feature with the "moisture root" exposed in the generated space R, and the "moisture root" develops well, absorbs a necessary and sufficient amount of oxygen from the atmosphere and grows to a quality state sufficient for harvesting. Facilitate. Therefore,
Even spinach, which is considered to be difficult to grow, can harvest fresh, firm, thick stems, thick leaf, and deep green adults without losing oxygen.
【００２６】ほうれん草は、発芽室を使用して約１週間
の発芽期間をとると、約２５日位で出荷可能な成草とな
り収穫される。この栽培装置を使用すると収穫量は膨大
に増産され大きな収益を確保できる。養液に杉や檜の樹
皮を裁断したチップを入れると、緑藻の発生を抑える効
果があることも確認済である。作物Ｑの収穫作業は、図
９と図１０に例示したように、水槽Ｐの口縁に沿って走
行する作業台車１６を利用して行うのが好都合である。
その手段として、水槽Ｐの口縁を形成する上記形材１の
シート定着溝１ａの上に丸パイプ状のレール材１１が載
置される。そして、水槽Ｐの長手方向に用意された平行
な前記２本のレール材１１、１１の上に同レール材１１
の上を走行する車輪１２を備え、水槽Ｐを幅方向に跨ぐ
構成の車体１３を有する作業台車１６が利用される。更
に必要に応じて当該作業台車１０の上に収穫篭１４を載
せ、栽培したほうれん草等の作物Ｑを収穫し収穫篭１４
へ収納しつつ作業を進める。When a germination room is used for a germination period of about one week, spinach can be harvested as an adult that can be shipped in about 25 days. When this cultivation apparatus is used, the yield is greatly increased and a large profit can be secured. It has also been confirmed that adding a chip obtained by cutting the bark of cedar or cypress to a nutrient solution has the effect of suppressing the occurrence of green algae. The harvesting of the crop Q is conveniently performed using a work cart 16 traveling along the edge of the water tank P, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.
As a means for this, a round pipe-shaped rail member 11 is placed on the sheet fixing groove 1a of the profile 1 forming the edge of the water tank P. Then, the rail material 11 is placed on the two parallel rail materials 11, 11 prepared in the longitudinal direction of the water tank P.
A work vehicle 16 having a vehicle body 13 having wheels 12 running on the vehicle and having a configuration in which the water tank P is straddled in the width direction is used. Further, if necessary, the harvest basket 14 is placed on the work cart 10, and the crop Q such as the cultivated spinach is harvested.
Work while storing in.
【００２７】作物の収穫を終えた水槽Ｐについては、用
済みとなった定植板７を取り除き、同水槽Ｐに残存する
養液を廃棄し、水洗いして次の栽培作業に利用する。前
記のように取り除かれた定植板７も可能な限り清掃して
繰り返し利用する。水槽Ｐに残存する養液を廃棄し、水
洗いして直ちに次の栽培作業に必要な養液を供給する作
業を効率的に進める手段として、水槽Ｐの端部等に給液
管、排液管等を接続しておくことも好都合である。With respect to the aquarium P where the crop has been harvested, the used planting plate 7 is removed, the nutrient solution remaining in the aquarium P is discarded, washed with water and used for the next cultivation work. The planting board 7 removed as described above is also cleaned and reused as much as possible. As a means for efficiently discarding the nutrient solution remaining in the water tank P, washing it with water and immediately supplying the nutrient solution necessary for the next cultivation work, a liquid supply pipe and a drain pipe are provided at the end of the water tank P or the like. It is also convenient to connect them.
【００２８】なお、上記図１〜図４に示した水槽Ｐを上
記図５、図６等に示した支持構台乃至架台の上に設置し
て全く同様に栽培を行うことが出来る。The cultivation can be carried out in exactly the same manner by installing the water tank P shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 on the supporting gantry or the gantry shown in FIGS.
【００２９】[0029]
【本発明が奏する効果】本発明に係る渟水式養液栽培方
法及び栽培装置によれば、当初定植板を養液面上に浮か
べるので、消費材としての吸水シートを一切使用しない
で済み、吸水シートに要するランニングコスト、取付け
の手間を一切省ける。そして、必然的に同定植板の定植
孔へ植えた植物（又は播種された種子）は必ず養液に浸
る状態となるから、植物の育成を１００％の確率で行う
ことが出来、作物の歩留り率の高い栽培ができるのであ
る。[Effects of the present invention] According to the method and apparatus for cultivating nutrient solution according to the present invention, since the fixed planting board is floated on the nutrient surface at first, it is not necessary to use any water absorbing sheet as a consumable material. The running cost and installation time required for the water-absorbing sheet can be saved. Inevitably, a plant (or a sown seed) planted in a fixed planting hole of an identified planting board is always in a state of being immersed in a nutrient solution, so that it is possible to grow the plant with a 100% probability and to obtain a crop yield. High cultivation is possible.
【００３０】そして、渟水式であるが故に養液循環設備
が無用であることは勿論のこと、作物の根に湿気中根の
発育を十分に促進し、もって品質優良な作物の栽培を技
術的に容易ならしめる。In addition to the fact that the nutrient solution circulation system is unnecessary because of the water-shed method, the roots of the crops are sufficiently promoted to develop the middle roots of the moisture, so that the cultivation of high-quality crops is technically possible. Make it easy.
【図１】Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃは本発明に係る渟水式栽培方法及び
栽培装置の実施形態を工程順に示した説明図である。FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C are explanatory diagrams showing an embodiment of a method of cultivating a cultivation method and a cultivation apparatus according to the present invention in the order of steps.
【図２】Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃは本発明に係る渟水式栽培方法及び
栽培装置の異なる実施形態を工程順に示した説明図であ
る。FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C are explanatory diagrams showing different embodiments of a cultivation method and a cultivation apparatus according to the present invention in the order of steps.
【図３】Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃは本発明に係る渟水式栽培方法及び
栽培装置の異なる実施形態を工程順に示した説明図であ
る。FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are explanatory diagrams showing different embodiments of the cultivation method and cultivation apparatus according to the present invention in the order of steps.
【図４】Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃは本発明に係る渟水式栽培方法及び
栽培装置の異なる実施形態を工程順に示した説明図であ
る。FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C are explanatory views showing different embodiments of a method of cultivating a cultivation method and a cultivation apparatus according to the present invention in the order of steps.
【図５】本発明に係る異なる渟水式栽培装置の播種時の
状況を示した断面図である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a situation at the time of sowing of a different water type cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.
【図６】図５の栽培装置を俯瞰した斜視図である。FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the cultivation apparatus of FIG. 5 as viewed from above.
【図７】定植孔の一部を破断して示した斜視図である。FIG. 7 is a perspective view in which a part of the planting hole is cut away.
【図８】定植孔へ作物の種を植えた状態の断面図であ
る。FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a state where a seed of a crop is planted in a fixed planting hole.
【図９】作物が成長した状況を示した断面図である。FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a situation where a crop has grown.
【図１０】図９の栽培装置を俯瞰して示した斜視図であ
る。FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the cultivation apparatus of FIG. 9 in a bird's-eye view.
Ｐ 水槽 ６ 養液 ７ 定植板 Ｔ 定植板支持部 ８ 定植孔 Ｒ 空気層 P Water tank 6 Nutrient solution 7 Planting plate T Planting plate support 8 Planting hole R Air layer
Claims (5)
でに必要とされる量の養液を満たすこと、 前記水槽に、前記必要量の溶液を収容した際の液面の高
さ以下の高さに定植板を水平に支持する定植板支持部を
設けること、 前記定植板支持部の上に支持される定植板に同板の厚さ
方向に貫通する作物の定植孔を設け、前記の定植孔へ所
望の作物を植え付けた定植板を前記水槽の養液面上に浮
かべること、 そのまま作物の育成期間に移り、溶液の減少に伴う液面
の降下に従い定植板は支持部上に止めて支持せしめ、降
下した液面と定植板との間に空気層を形成せしめて作物
の根に湿気中根を発育させ、同作物の収穫期に至り作物
の収穫を行うことをそれぞれ特徴とする渟水式養液栽培
方法。1. A water tank filled with at least an amount of nutrient solution required until harvesting of a crop, and a height not higher than the level of a liquid level when the required amount of solution is contained in the water tank. A fixed planting plate supporting portion for horizontally supporting the fixed planting plate, a fixed planting plate supported on the fixed planting plate supporting portion is provided with a planting hole for a crop penetrating in the thickness direction of the plate, Floating the planting board with the desired crop planted in the hole on the nutrient surface of the aquarium, moving to the crop growing period as it is, and stopping the planting board on the supporting part as the liquid level drops due to the decrease of the solution At the same time, an air layer is formed between the falling liquid level and the planting board to develop a moist root in the root of the crop, and the crop is harvested until the harvest time of the crop. Hydroponic cultivation method.
でに必要とされる量の養液を満たすこと、 前記水槽に、必要量の溶液を収容した際の液面の高さ以
下の高さに定植板を水平に支持する定植板支持部を設け
ること、 前記定植板支持部の上に支持される定植板に同板の厚さ
方向に貫通する作物の定植孔を設け、前記の定植孔へ所
望の作物を植えた定植板を前記水槽の端部の位置におい
て養液面上に浮かべると共に所要数の定植板を順次養液
面上に浮かべつつ水槽の長手方向へ順押しに送って同水
槽の養液面上の全面に配設すること、 そのまま作物の育成期間に移り、養液の減少に伴う液面
の降下に従い定植板は支持部上に止めて支持せしめ、降
下した液面と定植板との間に空気層を形成せしめて作物
の根に湿気中根を発育させ、同作物の収穫期に至り作物
の収穫を行うことをそれぞれ特徴とする渟水式養液栽培
方法。2. Filling the aquarium with at least an amount of nutrient solution required until the crop is harvested; a height equal to or less than the level of the liquid surface when the required amount of the solution is stored in the aquarium. Providing a fixed planting plate support portion for horizontally supporting the fixed planting plate, providing a fixed planting hole for a crop penetrating in the thickness direction of the fixed planting plate supported on the fixed planting plate support portion, wherein the fixed planting hole is provided. The floating planting plate on which the desired crop is planted is floated on the nutrient surface at the position of the end of the aquarium, and the required number of planting plates are sequentially floated on the nutrient surface and sent by pushing in the longitudinal direction of the water tank. It should be placed on the entire surface of the nutrient solution in the aquarium, and it should be moved to the crop growing period. An air layer is formed between the planting board and the roots of the crop to develop moist roots. A method of cultivating hydroponics, which comprises harvesting the crop until the harvest season.
とされる量の養液を満たすことが可能な容量を有し、前
記必要の養液量を収容した際の液面の高さ以下の高さに
定植板を水平に支持する定植板支持部を設けている水槽
と、 前記定植板支持部の上に支持される板に厚さ方向に貫通
する作物の定植孔を設けてあり、前記の定植孔へ所望の
作物を植え付ける定植板とから成り、 前記水槽の養液面上に所望の植物を植えた定植板を浮か
べ、そのまま作物の育成期間に移り、養液の減少に伴う
液面の降下に従い定植板は支持部上に止めて支持せし
め、降下した液面と定植板との間に空気層を形成せしめ
て作物の根に湿気中根を発育させ、同作物の収穫期に至
り作物の収穫を行うことをそれぞれ特徴とする渟水式養
液栽培装置。3. It has a capacity capable of filling at least a required amount of nutrient solution until the crop is harvested, and has a capacity equal to or less than a liquid level when the required amount of nutrient solution is stored. A water tank provided with a planting board supporting portion for horizontally supporting the planting board at a height, and a planting hole for a crop penetrating in a thickness direction on a plate supported on the planting board supporting portion, A planting board for planting a desired crop in the planting hole of the plant, floating the planting board with the desired plant on the nutrient surface of the aquarium, and proceeding to the crop growing period as it is; Following the descent, the planting plate is stopped on the support and supported, and an air layer is formed between the lowered liquid surface and the planting plate to allow the roots of the crop to develop moist roots. Cultivating apparatus for hydroponics, characterized in that each crop is harvested.
とされる量の養液を満たすことが可能な容量を有し、前
記必要量の養液を収容した際の液面の高さ以下の高さに
定植板を水平に支持する定植板支持部を設けている水槽
と、 前記定植板支持部の上に支持される板に厚さ方向に貫通
する作物の定植孔を設けてあり、前記の定植孔へ所望の
作物を植え付ける定植板と、 前記の水槽を農作業の姿勢が楽な高さに支持する手段と
から成り、 前記水槽の養液面上に所望の作物を植えた定植板を浮か
べ、そのまま作物の育成期間に移り、養液の減少に伴う
液面の降下に従い定植板は支持部上に止めて支持せし
め、降下した液面と定植板との間に空気層を形成せしめ
て作物の根に湿気中根を発育させ、同作物の収穫期に至
り作物の収穫を行うことをそれぞれ特徴とする渟水式養
液栽培装置。4. It has a capacity capable of filling at least a required amount of nutrient solution until the crop is harvested, and has a capacity equal to or less than a liquid level when the required amount of nutrient solution is stored. A water tank provided with a planting board supporting portion for horizontally supporting the planting board at a height, and a planting hole for a crop penetrating in a thickness direction on a plate supported on the planting board supporting portion, A planting board for planting a desired crop into the planting hole of the above, comprising means for supporting the water tank at a height at which the posture of agricultural work is comfortable, and a planting board having a desired crop planted on the nutrient surface of the water tank. Floating and moving to the growing period of the crop as it is, as the liquid level drops due to the decrease in nutrient solution, the fixed planting board is stopped on the support part and supported, and an air layer is formed between the lowered liquid level and the fixed planting board It is necessary to grow the roots of the crops in the moisture and to harvest the crops until the harvest season. Each is characterized by a hydroponics system.
入らないように覆う状態に浮かべることを特徴とする、
請求項１又は２に記載した渟水式養液栽培方法。5. The planting board floats over the entire surface of the nutrient solution of the aquarium so that light and heat do not enter.
The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the method is a hydroponics culture.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9050533A JP3060208B2 (en) | 1997-03-05 | 1997-03-05 | Sharizu type hydroponics method and cultivation device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9050533A JP3060208B2 (en) | 1997-03-05 | 1997-03-05 | Sharizu type hydroponics method and cultivation device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10248416A true JPH10248416A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
| JP3060208B2 JP3060208B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 |
Family
ID=12861645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9050533A Expired - Fee Related JP3060208B2 (en) | 1997-03-05 | 1997-03-05 | Sharizu type hydroponics method and cultivation device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3060208B2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6536361B1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-03-25 | Tung-Yuan Wu | Combinable planting plate |
| JP2012125160A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-05 | Kyowa Kk | Hydroponic device |
| CN102835296A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-26 | 乔奥华塑胶制品(深圳)有限公司 | Culture solution cultivating device |
| JP2014076008A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-05-01 | Yamamura Sangyo Kk | Hydroponic device |
| JP2016010324A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-01-21 | 株式会社大和真空 | Hydroponic panel |
| JP2016198040A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-12-01 | 興和株式会社 | Hydroponic apparatus, and hydroponic method |
| JP2016202170A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-12-08 | 東都興業株式会社 | Seeding apparatus and water culture apparatus |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6536361B1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-03-25 | Tung-Yuan Wu | Combinable planting plate |
| JP2012125160A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-07-05 | Kyowa Kk | Hydroponic device |
| CN102835296A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-26 | 乔奥华塑胶制品(深圳)有限公司 | Culture solution cultivating device |
| JP2014076008A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-05-01 | Yamamura Sangyo Kk | Hydroponic device |
| JP2016010324A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-01-21 | 株式会社大和真空 | Hydroponic panel |
| JP2016198040A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2016-12-01 | 興和株式会社 | Hydroponic apparatus, and hydroponic method |
| JP2016202170A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2016-12-08 | 東都興業株式会社 | Seeding apparatus and water culture apparatus |
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| JP3060208B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 |
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