JPH10235313A - Solidification treatment of object to be treated and solidified matter - Google Patents
Solidification treatment of object to be treated and solidified matterInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10235313A JPH10235313A JP9045391A JP4539197A JPH10235313A JP H10235313 A JPH10235313 A JP H10235313A JP 9045391 A JP9045391 A JP 9045391A JP 4539197 A JP4539197 A JP 4539197A JP H10235313 A JPH10235313 A JP H10235313A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- treated
- dechlorinating agent
- chlorine
- mixture
- substance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は廃棄物等の処理物を
加熱して固形化処理する方法、およびこの方法により形
成された固形化物に関し、特に、処理物に脱塩素剤を混
入して固形化処理する方法および固形化物に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for heating and treating solidified products such as wastes, and a solidified product formed by this method. The present invention relates to a method of performing a chemical conversion treatment and a solidified product.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】都市ゴミ等の処理物は年々その量が増加
し、その処理が問題となっている。都市ゴミは一般的
に、一般家庭とかオフィス等から処理物として排出され
可燃性のものが主となっている。最近ではこの可燃性の
処理物を単に焼却処理するのではなく、資源として有効
に利用することが考えられ、一旦処理物を固形化し、こ
れを燃料として再利用することも行われている。しか
し、処理物の中には、近年多種多様な化学物質、例え
ば、塩化ビニル樹脂を多く含んだプラスチック類や、オ
フィスで使用される紙の塩素漂白剤のように、多量の塩
素成分を含んだ物質が混入しているため、単に固形化し
ただけでは、燃料として使用し燃焼される際、有害な塩
素系ガスが発生し、そのまま大気に放出すると大気汚染
をきたし、環境上好ましくない結果をもたらす。従っ
て、高効率でクリーンなエネルギー資源としての再利用
には問題があり、これに対処した技術の開発が重要な課
題となっている。2. Description of the Related Art The amount of processed waste such as municipal garbage increases year by year, and its disposal has become a problem. In general, municipal garbage is mainly discharged from general households or offices as flammable waste. Recently, it has been considered that this flammable treated material is not simply incinerated, but is effectively used as a resource, and the treated material is once solidified and reused as fuel. However, some of the processed materials contain a large amount of chlorine components in recent years, such as a wide variety of chemical substances, for example, plastics containing a large amount of vinyl chloride resin and chlorine bleach for office paper. Due to the inclusion of substances, simply solidifying will generate harmful chlorine-based gas when used and burned as fuel, and if released directly into the atmosphere, it will cause air pollution and have undesirable environmental consequences . Therefore, there is a problem in reusing as a high-efficiency and clean energy resource, and development of a technology corresponding to this problem has become an important issue.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】処理物を加熱処理する
際に問題となるのは、処理物中に含まれる塩素成分の処
理であり、焼却過程でガス化した塩素系ガス（塩化水
素、塩素ガス）は、フィルタ等で吸着処理して大気中に
塩素系ガスが排出されないようにしている。A problem that arises when heat-treating a treated product is the treatment of chlorine components contained in the treated product, and the chlorine-based gas (hydrogen chloride, chlorine chloride) gasified in the incineration process. Gas) is subjected to an adsorption treatment with a filter or the like so that chlorine-based gas is not discharged into the atmosphere.
【０００４】一方、加熱過程でガス化しなかった塩素成
分は処理灰と結合してしまい、高濃度の塩素成分を含有
した処理灰となる。[0004] On the other hand, chlorine components that have not been gasified during the heating process are combined with the treated ash, resulting in treated ash containing a high concentration of chlorine components.
【０００５】このように処理灰に塩素成分が含有してい
ると、処理灰を燃料資源として再利用することは困難で
あり、もっぱら地中に埋設することで処理されている。[0005] If the treated ash contains a chlorine component as described above, it is difficult to reuse the treated ash as a fuel resource, and the ash is treated only by burying it in the ground.
【０００６】そのため、処理灰を再利用する場合には、
事前に処理物を分別して塩素系ガスの発生の少ない処理
物のみ選別して焼却処理し、その処理灰（残渣）を燃料
として又はブロック等に固形化して再利用することが行
われている。Therefore, when reusing the treated ash,
Processed materials are separated in advance, only processed materials that generate less chlorine-based gas are selected and incinerated, and the processed ash (residue) is solidified as fuel or in a block or the like and reused.
【０００７】しかし、処理物の分別を行うことは効率が
悪く、しかも、資源回収率も低いことから、塩素成分を
効果的に除去する技術の確立が望まれている。[0007] However, since the separation of the treated material is inefficient and the resource recovery rate is low, it is desired to establish a technique for effectively removing the chlorine component.
【０００８】また、処理物（ゴミ）を固形化して燃料と
して利用することも行われているが、現状では、単に可
燃性の処理物を圧縮固形化する程度のものであり、ある
程度の減量化は達成できるが、燃料として使用する場合
は、前記と同様に、有害な塩素系ガスを発生し、その対
策が必要となっている。[0008] Further, it is also practiced to solidify the processed material (garbage) and use it as a fuel. However, at present, the flammable processed material is simply compressed and solidified. Can be achieved, but when used as a fuel, harmful chlorine-based gas is generated in the same manner as described above, and countermeasures are required.
【０００９】本発明はこのような課題に鑑みなされたも
ので、その目的は燃焼させても塩素系ガス（塩化水素、
塩素ガス）を発生させない処理物の固形化処理方法と、
その固形化物を提供するにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to produce a chlorine-based gas (hydrogen chloride,
A solidification treatment method for a treated material that does not generate chlorine gas);
It is to provide the solidified product.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本願の発明者らは、数々
の実験調査の結果、処理物に含まれる塩素成分と、炭酸
系のアルカリ物質を脱塩素剤として処理物に適量混入
し、所定の温度で加熱処理すると、所定の温度で塩素成
分が分解して有害な塩素系ガスを発生し、この有害な塩
素系ガスと脱塩素剤とが反応して無害な塩化物を生成
し、ガスおよび残渣中には有害な塩素系ガス成分が残存
しないことを見い出した。As a result of numerous experimental investigations, the inventors of the present application have found that a chlorine component contained in a treated product and a carbonate-based alkaline substance are mixed in a proper amount as a dechlorinating agent into the treated product, and a predetermined amount is mixed. When the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of, the chlorine component is decomposed at a predetermined temperature to generate harmful chlorine-based gas, and the harmful chlorine-based gas reacts with the dechlorinating agent to generate harmless chloride, and the gas is removed. It was also found that no harmful chlorine-based gas components remained in the residue.
【００１１】また、加熱処理時に脱塩素剤を添加して処
理することで、脱塩素効果をねらった処理をしているこ
とに着目し、燃料として使用される固形化物（ペレッ
ト）を製作する際に、脱塩素剤を混入して製作すること
に着目した。Attention is also paid to the fact that a dechlorinating agent is added during the heat treatment to perform a treatment aimed at the dechlorination effect. In addition, we focused on manufacturing by mixing a dechlorinating agent.
【００１２】発明者らは、まず、脱塩素効果のある物質
の探索をし、且つ同物質をペレットに混入して焼却した
場合の効果を調査した。[0012] The inventors first searched for a substance having a dechlorination effect, and investigated the effect of mixing the substance into pellets and burning it.
【００１３】本発明はこれらの実験調査に基づいてなさ
れたもので、脱塩素剤を混入して処理物を固形化して、
これを燃料として焼却したとき、有害な塩素系ガスを発
生させない固形化燃料を得ることができた。The present invention has been made based on these experimental investigations, in which a treated product is solidified by mixing a dechlorinating agent,
When this was incinerated as a fuel, a solidified fuel that did not generate harmful chlorine-based gas could be obtained.
【００１４】本発明において、処理物を固形化する処理
方法は、処理物と、塩素系ガスと反応する炭酸系アルカ
リ物質の脱塩素剤とを混合して加熱処理し、生成された
生成物を加圧成形してペレット状に固形化することを特
徴とするものである。In the present invention, the treatment method for solidifying the treated product is to mix the treated product with a dechlorinating agent for a carbonate-based alkali substance that reacts with a chlorine-based gas, and heat-treat the mixed product. It is characterized by being formed into a pellet by pressure molding.
【００１５】このときの加熱処理時の温度は、塩素系ガ
スの析出が始まる温度（２００〜３００℃）以下とす
る。At this time, the temperature at the time of the heat treatment is set to be equal to or lower than the temperature (200 to 300 ° C.) at which the precipitation of the chlorine-based gas starts.
【００１６】また、加熱処理は、低酸素雰囲気中で乾留
処理する。The heat treatment is carried out by dry distillation in a low oxygen atmosphere.
【００１７】そして、生成物を造粒機により圧縮成型し
て固形化物（ペレット）を形成する。または、生成物に
さらに脱塩素剤を添加してペレットを形成する。Then, the product is compression-molded by a granulator to form a solidified product (pellet). Alternatively, a dechlorinating agent is further added to the product to form pellets.
【００１８】本発明において使用される脱塩素剤として
は、炭酸系のアルカリ物質の単体、２種類以上の単体、
２種類以上の単体の混合物から選択する。As the dechlorinating agent used in the present invention, a simple substance of a carbonate-based alkali substance, two or more simple substances,
Select from a mixture of two or more simple substances.
【００１９】特に、炭酸系のナトリウム物質の単体、２
種類以上の単体、２種類以上の単体の混合物から選択す
る。In particular, a simple substance of a carbonate-based sodium substance,
A mixture of at least one kind of simple substance and two or more kinds of simple substance is selected.
【００２０】具体的には、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸ナ
トリウム、セスキ炭酸ナトリウム、天然ソーダ、から選
択した単体、２種類以上の単体、２種類以上の単体の混
合物から選択する。Specifically, it is selected from a simple substance selected from sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate and natural soda, a mixture of two or more simple substances, and a mixture of two or more simple substances.
【００２１】また、脱塩素剤は、塊状、板状、多孔質形
状、粉体（粉末状、顆粒状）、溶液、懸濁液のいずれか
の状態で添加する。The dechlorinating agent is added in any state of a lump, a plate, a porous form, a powder (powder, granule), a solution and a suspension.
【００２２】添加量は、処理される処理物と当量又は５
〜３０重量％、又は発生する塩素系ガスに対して０．５
〜１．５モルを添加する。The amount of addition is equivalent to the treated material to be treated or 5 equivalents.
To 30% by weight, or 0.5 to the generated chlorine-based gas
Add ~ 1.5 mol.
【００２３】また、固形物を製造する際の加圧力は、加
圧力が小さいと固形化が困難であり、加圧が大きいと設
備が大がかりとなる等の理由から１０〜１０００ｋｇ／
ｃｍ2が好適である。The pressing force for producing a solid is 10 to 1000 kg / kg for reasons such as solidification is difficult if the pressing force is small, and the equipment becomes large if the pressing force is large.
cm 2 is preferred.
【００２４】以上の条件により処理物中に脱塩素剤を添
加して塩素系ガスの析出する温度以下で加熱処理して固
形化した固形化物を焼却した場合には、塩素系ガスが析
出するが、脱塩素剤が存在するので、例えば、炭酸水素
ナトリウム（ＮａＨＣＯ3）を添加した場合には、塩化
水素（ＨＣｌ）と反応して、次のようになる。Under the above conditions, when a dechlorinating agent is added to the treated product and the solidified product solidified by heat treatment at a temperature lower than the temperature at which the chlorine-based gas precipitates is incinerated, the chlorine-based gas precipitates. Since a dechlorinating agent is present, for example, when sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO 3 ) is added, it reacts with hydrogen chloride (HCl) to give the following.
【００２５】（ＮａＨＣＯ3）＋（ＨＣｌ）→（ＮａＣ
ｌ）＋（Ｈ2Ｏ）＋（ＣＯ2） このことから、ＮａとＣＯ成分があれば、塩素成分は、
残渣の一部となるＮａＣｌと、水分（Ｈ2Ｏ）と気体の
ＣＯ2となり、ダイオキシンの原因の一因となる塩素系
ガスを生成することはなく、ガスおよび残渣の無害化が
実現できる。(NaHCO 3 ) + (HCl) → (NaC
l) + (H 2 O) + (CO 2 ) From this, if there are Na and CO components, the chlorine component becomes
It becomes NaCl, water (H 2 O), and gaseous CO 2 , which are a part of the residue, and does not generate a chlorine-based gas that contributes to dioxin, thereby making the gas and the residue harmless.
【００２６】また、残渣中の無害な塩化物であるＮａＣ
ｌ（塩化ナトリウム）は水などの溶液によって簡単に洗
浄除去でき、この塩化物の除去後の炭化物にも当然有害
な塩素系ガス成分は存在しない。In addition, harmless chloride NaC in the residue
l (sodium chloride) can be easily washed and removed with a solution such as water, and naturally, no harmful chlorine-based gas component exists in the carbide after the removal of chloride.
【００２７】従って、残渣から抽出した炭化物を燃料と
して使用してもそれに起因する大気汚染は引き起こさ
ず、有効利用が可能となる。Therefore, even if the carbide extracted from the residue is used as a fuel, air pollution caused by the use is not caused, and effective utilization is possible.
【００２８】[0028]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面
によって説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００２９】図１は本発明の実施の形態の概念図で、１
は処理物供給部、２は混合機、３は脱塩素剤供給部を示
す。４は加熱手段で、混合機２内の処理物を加熱する。
この加熱手段４は、ガス加熱、電気加熱又は燃焼加熱，
マイクロ波加熱，誘導加熱等のいずれの加熱手段でもよ
い。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Denotes a processing material supply unit, 2 denotes a mixer, and 3 denotes a dechlorinating agent supply unit. Reference numeral 4 denotes a heating means for heating the processed material in the mixer 2.
The heating means 4 includes gas heating, electric heating or combustion heating,
Any heating means such as microwave heating and induction heating may be used.
【００３０】５は造粒機で外部に加熱手段６を有し、内
部には加圧ローラ等から成るプレス手段を備えている。
７は造粒機５で成形された固形化物（ペレット）を示
す。Reference numeral 5 denotes a granulator having a heating means 6 outside and a press means comprising a pressure roller and the like inside.
Reference numeral 7 denotes a solidified product (pellet) formed by the granulator 5.
【００３１】ペレットを製造する手順は、まず、処理物
を処理物供給部１に投入し、脱塩素剤供給部３に脱塩素
剤を収容して、これらを所定の割合で混合機２に供給す
る。混合機２では、処理物と脱塩素剤と混合しながら、
加熱処理手段４で加熱（乾留）処理する。（加熱処理は
造粒機内で行ってもよい）。The procedure for manufacturing the pellets is as follows. First, the processed material is charged into the processed material supply unit 1, the dechlorinating agent is stored in the dechlorinating agent supply unit 3, and these are supplied to the mixer 2 at a predetermined ratio. I do. In the mixing machine 2, while mixing the processed material and the dechlorinating agent,
The heating (dry distillation) treatment is performed by the heating means 4. (The heat treatment may be performed in a granulator).
【００３２】加熱処理は、２００℃以下、好ましくは１
００℃〜１５０℃の温度で外気を遮断した状態で１０分
間加熱処理（乾留）する。The heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. or less, preferably 1 ° C.
A heat treatment (dry distillation) is performed for 10 minutes at a temperature of 00 ° C. to 150 ° C. with the outside air shut off.
【００３３】次に、混合機２の開閉扉２ｂを開き、混合
物を造粒機５に供給し、この造粒機５で混合物を前記と
同様の温度条件で加熱しながらプレス手段で圧縮成形
し、ペレット７を形成する。なお、混合機２に破砕機能
を付加してもよい。Next, the opening / closing door 2b of the mixer 2 is opened, the mixture is supplied to the granulator 5, and the mixture is compression-molded by press means while heating the mixture under the same temperature conditions as described above. Then, a pellet 7 is formed. The crushing function may be added to the mixer 2.
【００３４】上記の行程において処理物内にプラスチッ
ク類が混入していると、プラスチック類は軟化した状態
で処理物と混合され、そして成形されるので、処理物間
の接着剤（バインダ）としての役目を果し、製造された
パレットは安定した固体形状を維持する。If plastics are mixed in the processed material in the above process, the plastics are mixed with the processed material in a softened state, and are molded, so that the plastics serve as an adhesive (binder) between the processed materials. Acting, the pallets produced maintain a stable solid form.
【００３５】プレス手段としては、例えば、混合物を送
り出す送り回転ローラと圧縮成形する絞り回転ローラ
（加熱ローラとしてもよい）とを備え、送り回転ローラ
間の間隔を調整して加圧力を１００〜１０００ｋｇ／ｃ
ｍ2に調整する。この加圧力が小さいと固形化が困難と
なり、また大きすぎると設備が大がかりとなる。The pressing means includes, for example, a feed rotary roller for feeding out the mixture and a squeezing rotary roller (which may be a heating roller) for compression molding. The interval between the feed rotary rollers is adjusted to apply a pressure of 100 to 1000 kg. / C
to adjust to the m 2. If the pressure is small, solidification is difficult, and if it is too large, the equipment becomes large.
【００３６】このように圧縮成形することにより、ペレ
ットの体積比は次のように減量化される。By performing the compression molding in this manner, the volume ratio of the pellet is reduced as follows.
【００３７】[0037]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３８】図２は本発明の他の実施の形態で、混合機
２と造粒機５の間にスクリューフィーダ１０を設けたも
のである。このスクリューフィーダ１０は加熱手段１１
を有し、処理物と脱塩素剤との混合を一層促進させるた
めに設けたものである。FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a screw feeder 10 is provided between the mixer 2 and the granulator 5. The screw feeder 10 includes a heating unit 11
And provided to further promote the mixing of the treated product and the dechlorinating agent.
【００３９】このスクリューフィーダ１０も乾留状態で
加熱するので、外気から遮断する構成となっている。従
って、入口側と出口側に夫々開閉扉１０ｄ1と１０ｄ2を
有し、円筒部材１０ａの中に回転駆動されるスクリュー
１０ｂが設けられ、処理物と脱塩素剤とを混合しながら
移送する。Since the screw feeder 10 is also heated in the dry distillation state, it is configured to be shielded from the outside air. Accordingly, the inlet side and each have a door 10d 1 and 10d 2 on the outlet side, rotary driven screw 10b is provided in the cylindrical member 10a, transported while mixing the treated product and the dechlorinated agent.
【００４０】加熱は、混合機２又はスクリューフィーダ
１０のいずれか一方で行ってもよく、また両方で加熱し
てもよい。The heating may be performed in either the mixer 2 or the screw feeder 10, or may be performed in both.
【００４１】以上の処理方法で固形化処理した処理物を
燃料として使用し、燃焼させる処理物が含有する塩素成
分は次に示す実験の結果、発生するであろう有害な塩素
系ガスは無害な塩化物を生成して、排ガス及び残渣には
有害な塩素系ガス成分は含まれていないことが判明し
た。Using the processed material solidified by the above-described processing method as a fuel, the chlorine component contained in the processed material to be burned is determined to be harmless by the following experiment. Chloride was generated, and it was found that the exhaust gas and the residue did not contain harmful chlorine-based gas components.
【００４２】即ち、炭酸系のアルカリ物質がガス中の有
害な塩素系ガスと反応してを無害な塩化物に置換生成す
ることは、次の実験調査により明らかとなった。That is, the following experimental investigation revealed that the carbonic acid-based alkali substance reacts with the harmful chlorine-based gas in the gas to generate harmless chloride.
【００４３】実験は、まず、塩素成分を多量に含有する
ポリ塩化ビニリデンを使用し、表２に示す試料を作り、
ポリ塩化ビニリデン４ｇに、脱塩素剤として炭酸水素ナ
トリウムの粉末２０ｇを添加した場合（実施例１）と、
脱塩素剤を全く加えなかった場合（比較例１）、脱塩素
剤として消石灰の粉末２０ｇを使用した場合（比較例
２）、脱塩素剤として炭酸カルシウム２０ｇを使用した
場合（比較例３）について比較実験を行った。In the experiment, first, a sample shown in Table 2 was prepared using polyvinylidene chloride containing a large amount of a chlorine component.
When 4 g of polyvinylidene chloride was added with 20 g of sodium bicarbonate powder as a dechlorinating agent (Example 1),
When no dechlorinating agent was added (Comparative Example 1), when 20 g of slaked lime powder was used as the dechlorinating agent (Comparative Example 2), and when 20 g of calcium carbonate was used as the dechlorinating agent (Comparative Example 3) A comparative experiment was performed.
【００４４】[0044]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００４５】実験の結果、表４で詳述するように、炭酸
水素ナトリウムを添加した場合は良好な結果が得られ
た。As a result of the experiment, as shown in Table 4, good results were obtained when sodium hydrogen carbonate was added.
【００４６】そこで、次のような標準的な都市ゴミを模
擬した模擬ゴミを作成し、更に厳しい状況を作るために
ポリ塩化ビニリデンを加え、その量を変え、且つ、脱塩
素剤の量も変えて実施例２，実施例３，実施例４，実施
例５の実用に向けた実験（追試）を行った。また、併せ
て水分の影響も調べた。Therefore, a simulated garbage simulating the following standard municipal garbage was prepared, and polyvinylidene chloride was added to create a more severe situation, and the amount was changed, and the amount of the dechlorinating agent was changed. Experiments (additional tests) for practical use of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, and Example 5 were conducted. In addition, the influence of moisture was also examined.
【００４７】なお、脱塩素剤は、平均粒径１００μｍの
粉体を使用した。As the dechlorinating agent, a powder having an average particle size of 100 μm was used.
【００４８】 ・模擬ゴミ ２０重量％・プラスチック（ＰＥ，ＰＰ，ＰＳ，ＰＶＤＣ） ５０重量％・紙（ティシュ、新聞、包装紙、箱、飲料パック） ２０重量％・布（ウエスなど） １０重量％・厨芥 を破砕したものSimulated garbage 20% by weight Plastic (PE, PP, PS, PVDC) 50% by weight Paper (tissue, newspaper, wrapping paper, box, beverage pack) 20% by weight Cloth (waste, etc.) 10% by weight・ Crushed garbage
【００４９】[0049]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００５０】実験は、排気管付きの密閉容器に試料を入
れ、電気炉にて加熱し、２５０℃から６００℃まで５０
℃間隔で各温度にて５分間保持し、昇温時，キープ時で
塩化水素ガス（ＨＣｌ）濃度（ｐｐｍ）を測定した。In the experiment, the sample was placed in a closed vessel with an exhaust pipe, heated in an electric furnace, and heated from 250 ° C. to 600 ° C.
The temperature was maintained at each temperature for 5 minutes at intervals of ° C, and the concentration (ppm) of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) was measured at the time of temperature rise and at the time of keeping.
【００５１】ガス濃度の測定は、ＪＩＳ−Ｋ０８０４に
規定されている検知管によって測定した。The gas concentration was measured using a detector tube specified in JIS-K0804.
【００５２】表４にこの測定結果を示す。塩化水素ガス
濃度は実験１０回における測定値で実施例１〜実施例５
は最高値、比較例１〜比較例３は最低値を示す。Table 4 shows the measurement results. The hydrogen chloride gas concentration is a value measured in 10 experiments and is shown in Examples 1 to 5.
Indicates the highest value, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 indicate the lowest values.
【００５３】なお“ＮＤ”は“検出されず”を表し、１
０回の実験でいずれも検出されなかったことを示す。Note that "ND" represents "not detected" and 1
It shows that none was detected in 0 experiments.
【００５４】[0054]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００５５】実験は、まず、塩素成分を多量に含んでい
るポリ塩化ビニリデンのみを用いて予備実験を行った。
その結果、表４の比較例１に示す。In the experiment, first, a preliminary experiment was performed using only polyvinylidene chloride containing a large amount of a chlorine component.
The results are shown in Comparative Example 1 of Table 4.
【００５６】次に、従来より知られている消石灰、炭酸
カルシウムの粉末を脱塩素剤として添加して実験した。
その結果、比較例２および比較例３に示す。Next, an experiment was conducted by adding a conventionally known powder of slaked lime and calcium carbonate as a dechlorinating agent.
The results are shown in Comparative Examples 2 and 3.
【００５７】次に、本発明の炭酸水素ナトリウムを選定
して実験を行った。その結果を実施例１に示す。Next, an experiment was conducted by selecting the sodium hydrogencarbonate of the present invention. The results are shown in Example 1.
【００５８】続いて、上記の標準的な都市ゴミを模擬し
た模擬ゴミを用い、且つポリ塩化ビニリデン，炭酸水素
ナトリウムの量を変化させて実験を行った。その結果を
実施例２，実施例３，実施例４に示す。Subsequently, an experiment was conducted using simulated garbage simulating the above-mentioned standard municipal garbage and changing the amounts of polyvinylidene chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate. The results are shown in Examples 2, 3, and 4.
【００５９】更に、模擬ゴミに水分を加えて、水分の影
響を調べた。その結果は、実施例５に示す。Further, water was added to the simulated garbage to examine the effect of the water. The results are shown in Example 5.
【００６０】表４に示した結果から以下のように考察さ
れる。先ず塩素成分を多量に含有するポリ塩化ビニリデ
ンを処理物とした場合、脱塩素剤を添加しない比較例１
では加熱処理する各温度に渡って塩化水素ガスが多量に
発生している。この処理物に従来の脱塩素剤である消石
灰を添加した比較例２と、脱塩素剤として炭酸カルシウ
ムを添加した比較例３では、比較例１と較べて塩化水素
ガスの発生がかなり抑制されているものの、まだ十分で
あるとはいえない。From the results shown in Table 4, the following is considered. First, when polyvinylidene chloride containing a large amount of chlorine component was treated, Comparative Example 1 in which no dechlorinating agent was added
In this case, a large amount of hydrogen chloride gas is generated over each temperature for the heat treatment. In Comparative Example 2 in which slaked lime as a conventional dechlorinating agent was added to this treated product, and in Comparative Example 3 in which calcium carbonate was added as a dechlorinating agent, generation of hydrogen chloride gas was considerably suppressed as compared with Comparative Example 1. But not yet enough.
【００６１】これに対して上記処理物に脱塩素剤として
炭酸水素ナトリウムを添加した実施例１は全温度範囲に
渡って塩化水素ガスが検出されず、きわめて良好な結果
が得られた。更に模擬ゴミにポリ塩化ビニリデンを加え
た処理物に対して、脱塩化剤としての炭酸水素ナトリウ
ムの添加量を変化させた実施例２，３，４の何れの場合
も、全温度範囲に渡って塩化水素ガスが検出されなかっ
た。On the other hand, in Example 1 in which sodium hydrogen carbonate was added as a dechlorinating agent to the above treated product, hydrogen chloride gas was not detected over the entire temperature range, and extremely good results were obtained. Furthermore, in the cases of Examples 2, 3, and 4 in which the amount of sodium hydrogencarbonate added as a dechlorinating agent was changed for the treated product obtained by adding polyvinylidene chloride to simulated garbage, over the entire temperature range, Hydrogen chloride gas was not detected.
【００６２】また、模擬ゴミに水分を加えた処理物に炭
酸水素ナトリウムを添加した実施例５の場合には、温度
が４５０℃の昇温時とキープ時、及び温度が５００℃の
昇温時に僅かな塩化水素ガスの発生が見られたが、全般
的には水分が存在してもほとんど影響を受けず、脱塩素
剤として消石灰を用いた比較例２に較べても非常に良好
な結果が得られた。Further, in the case of Example 5 in which sodium bicarbonate was added to a processed product obtained by adding moisture to simulated garbage, the temperature was raised and kept at 450 ° C., and the temperature was raised at 500 ° C. Although a slight generation of hydrogen chloride gas was observed, generally, even if water was present, it was hardly affected, and a very good result was obtained as compared with Comparative Example 2 using slaked lime as a dechlorinating agent. Obtained.
【００６３】以上の実験調査によって、塩素成分を含有
する物質を熱的処理にて脱塩素処理する場合、有害な塩
素系ガスと反応する炭酸系のアルカリ物質（特に、ナト
リウム系）を脱塩素剤として加えて処理すれば、無害処
理ができることを確認できた。According to the above experimental investigation, when a substance containing a chlorine component is dechlorinated by thermal treatment, a carbonate-based alkali substance (particularly, a sodium-based substance) reacting with a harmful chlorine-based gas is dechlorinated. It was confirmed that harmless treatment can be achieved by adding and treating.
【００６４】なお、６００℃以上から１０００℃の温度
においても同様の効果が得られた。The same effect was obtained at a temperature of 600 ° C. or higher to 1000 ° C.
【００６５】炭酸系のアルカリ物質、特に、ナトリウム
系物質が塩素系ガスと反応すると、ガスおよび残渣の無
害化が実現できる理由は、次のように有害な塩素系ガス
と反応して無害な塩化物に置換生成されることによる。When a carbonic acid-based alkali substance, particularly a sodium-based substance, reacts with a chlorine-based gas, detoxification of the gas and the residue can be realized as follows. It is due to being generated by substitution in the product.
【００６６】（１）炭酸水素ナトリウムの場合 炭酸水素ナトリウム（ＮａＨＣＯ3）を添加した場合に
は、塩化水（ＨＣｌ）と反応して次のようになる。(1) In the case of sodium hydrogen carbonate When sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO 3 ) is added, it reacts with aqueous chloride (HCl) to give the following.
【００６７】（ＮａＨＣＯ3）＋（ＨＣｌ）→（ＮａＣ
ｌ）＋（Ｈ2０）＋（ＣＯ2） 水分が存在した場合 （ＮａＨＣＯ3）＋（Ｈ2Ｏ）→（ＮａＯＨ）＋（Ｈ2Ｃ
Ｏ3） （ＮａＯＨ）＋（Ｈ2ＣＯ3）＋（ＨＣｌ）→（ＮａＣ
ｌ）＋（Ｈ2Ｏ）＋（ＣＯ2） となる。(NaHCO 3 ) + (HCl) → (NaC
l) + (H 2 0) + (CO 2 ) When water is present (NaHCO 3 ) + (H 2 O) → (NaOH) + (H 2 C)
O 3 ) (NaOH) + (H 2 CO 3 ) + (HCl) → (NaC
1) + (H 2 O) + (CO 2 ).
【００６８】（２）炭酸ナトリウムの場合 炭酸ナトリウム（Ｎａ2ＣＯ3）を添加した場合には、塩
化水素（ＨＣｌ）と反応して次のようになる。(2) In the case of sodium carbonate When sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) is added, it reacts with hydrogen chloride (HCl) to give the following.
【００６９】（Ｎａ2ＣＯ3）＋（２ＨＣｌ）→（２Ｎａ
Ｃｌ）＋（Ｈ2Ｏ）＋（ＣＯ2） （３）セスキ炭酸ナトリウムの場合 化学式 Ｎａ2ＣＯ3・ＮａＨＣＯ3・２Ｈ2Ｏ で表さ
れ、前記（１），（２）と同様な反応をして、有害な塩
化水素（ＨＣｌ）を無害な塩化物（ＮａＣｌ）に置換生
成する。(Na 2 CO 3 ) + (2HCl) → (2Na
Cl) + (H 2 O) + (CO 2 ) (3) In the case of sodium sesquicarbonate The chemical reaction is represented by the chemical formula Na 2 CO 3 .NaHCO 3 .2H 2 O, and a reaction similar to the above (1) and (2) is performed. Then, harmful hydrogen chloride (HCl) is replaced with harmless chloride (NaCl) to generate.
【００７０】従って、塩素系ガスは、残渣の一部となる
ＮａＣｌと、水分（Ｈ2Ｏ）と気体のＣＯ2となり、ダイ
オキシンの原因の一因となる塩化水素を生成することは
なく、排ガスおよび残渣の無害化が実現できる。Accordingly, the chlorine-based gas becomes NaCl, which is a part of the residue, water (H 2 O) and gaseous CO 2 , and does not generate hydrogen chloride which is a cause of dioxin. In addition, detoxification of the residue can be realized.
【００７１】一方、反応により生成したＮａＣｌは無害
な塩化物であり、このＮａＣｌは水などの溶液により洗
浄処理することにより効果的に除去できる。On the other hand, NaCl generated by the reaction is a harmless chloride, and this NaCl can be effectively removed by washing with a solution such as water.
【００７２】図３はこの処理灰を洗浄処理する説明図
で、処理灰を水槽に入れ、所定時間（約３０分間）撹拌
して塩化ナトリウム（ＮａＣｌ）を水に溶解し、処理灰
から取り除く、次に、これを脱水、乾燥して固形化す
る。洗浄後は有益な炭化物質が残る。FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of washing the treated ash. The treated ash is put into a water tank, and stirred for a predetermined time (about 30 minutes) to dissolve sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and to remove it from the treated ash. Next, this is dehydrated and dried to be solidified. After cleaning, valuable carbonized material remains.
【００７３】また、洗浄後の処理液は有害な物質はほと
んど含有していないので、簡単な処理により排出するこ
とができる。Further, since the treatment liquid after washing contains almost no harmful substances, it can be discharged by a simple treatment.
【００７４】以上のことから、塩素成分（Ｃｌ）と反応
して無害で安定した塩化物を生成する成分が存在すれば
同様な結果が得られることは明らかであり、上記と同様
の反応を示す次の物質が使用できる。From the above, it is clear that similar results can be obtained if there is a component that reacts with the chlorine component (Cl) to form harmless and stable chlorides. The following substances can be used:
【００７５】（１）炭酸系のアルカリ物質の単体、２種
類以上の単体、２種類以上の単体の混合物から選択した
もの。(1) A substance selected from a simple substance of a carbonate-based alkali substance, two or more simple substances, and a mixture of two or more simple substances.
【００７６】（２）炭酸系のナトリウム物質 （３）炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、セスキ炭
酸ナトリウム、天然ソーダ、から選択した単体、２種類
以上の単体、２種類以上の単体の混合物から選択したも
の。(2) Carbonic acid-based sodium substance (3) Single substance selected from sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, natural soda, a mixture selected from two or more simple substances, and a mixture of two or more simple substances .
【００７７】なお、炭酸水素ナトリウム（ＮａＨＣ
Ｏ3）は、別称として、 （ａ）酸性炭酸ナトリウム （ｂ）重炭酸ナトリウム （ｃ）重炭酸ソーダ と称され、更には俗称として、重曹とも称されている。Note that sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHC)
O 3 ) is also referred to as (a) sodium acid carbonate (b) sodium bicarbonate (c) sodium bicarbonate, and is also commonly referred to as baking soda.
【００７８】炭酸ナトリウム（Ｎａ2ＣＯ3）は、別称と
して、炭酸ソーダ、単にソーダ、と称され、更には無水
塩は、ソーダ灰、十水塩は、洗濯ソーダ、結晶ソーダと
も称されている。Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) is also called sodium carbonate or simply soda as another name, and anhydrous salt is also called soda ash, and decahydrate is also called washing soda or crystal soda. .
【００７９】セスキ炭酸ナトリウム（Ｎａ2ＣＯ3・Ｎａ
ＨＣＯ3・２Ｈ2Ｏ）は、別称として、 （ａ）二炭酸一水ナトリウム （ｂ）三二炭酸水素ナトリウム （ｃ）ナトリウムセスキカーボネート と称され、天然にはトロナ（天然ソーダ）として産出す
る。Sodium sesquicarbonate (Na 2 CO 3 .Na
HCO 3 .2H 2 O) is also referred to as (a) sodium monocarbonate bicarbonate (b) sodium bicarbonate (c) sodium sesquicarbonate, and is naturally produced as trona (natural soda).
【００８０】一方、反応によりＮａＣｌが生成される
が、生成したＮａＣｌは上述のように無害な塩化物であ
り、このＮａＣｌは水などの溶液による洗浄処理により
効果的に除去でき、洗浄後には、再利用可能な炭化物質
が残るので、これを造粒機でペレット状に形成すれば、
燃料として有効利用が可能となる。On the other hand, NaCl is produced by the reaction, and the produced NaCl is a harmless chloride as described above. This NaCl can be effectively removed by a washing treatment with a solution such as water. Reusable carbonized material remains, so if this is formed into pellets by a granulator,
It can be used effectively as fuel.
【００８１】なお、水洗浄しない残渣の塩化水素濃度を
測定したが比較例１〜３ではいずれも１．０００ｐｐｍ
以上であったが、本発明では検出されなかった。The concentration of hydrogen chloride in the residue not washed with water was measured.
As described above, it was not detected in the present invention.
【００８２】[0082]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明は、処理物に脱塩素
剤を混合して、塩素系ガスが析出する温度以下の温度で
加熱処理し、これを加圧して固形化物（ペレット）を形
成するようにしたので、 （１）固形化物を燃焼したときに塩素系ガス（塩化水
素、塩素ガス）の発生がない安全なペレットが得られ
る。As described above, according to the present invention, the treated product is mixed with a dechlorinating agent, heated at a temperature not higher than the temperature at which chlorine-based gas is precipitated, and pressurized to form a solidified product (pellet). Since the pellets are formed, (1) safe pellets free of generation of chlorine-based gas (hydrogen chloride, chlorine gas) when the solidified material is burned can be obtained.
【００８３】（２）ペレットの燃焼時に発生するガス中
の有害な塩素系ガスは脱塩素剤と反応して無害な塩化物
に生成されるので、排気ガス中の有害な塩素系物質は効
果的に除去でき、排ガスはそのまま大気中に放出しても
ダイオキンの発生は防止される。(2) The harmful chlorine-based gas in the gas generated during the combustion of the pellets reacts with the dechlorinating agent and is formed into harmless chlorides. Even if the exhaust gas is released to the atmosphere as it is, the generation of Diokin is prevented.
【００８４】（３）以上の理由により、取り扱いの便利
な固形化燃料として有効に再利用できる。(3) For the above reasons, it can be effectively reused as a solidified fuel which is convenient to handle.
【００８５】等の効果を奏する。The following effects are obtained.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態の概念図。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の他の実施の形態の概念図。FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】処理灰の処理説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the processing of the processing ash.
１…処理物供給部 ２…混合機 ３…脱塩素剤供給部 ４，６，１１…加熱手段 ５…造粒機 ７…ペレット １０…スクリューフィーダ。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Process supply part 2 ... Mixer 3 ... Dechlorination agent supply part 4, 6, 11 ... Heating means 5 ... Granulator 7 ... Pellet 10 ... Screw feeder.
フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 ＦＩ Ｂ０９Ｂ 3/00 ３０４Ｈ Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code FI B09B 3/00 304H
Claims (12)
のアルカリ物質の脱塩素剤とを混合して加熱処理し、生
成された生成物をペレット状に固形化することを特徴と
する処理物の固形化処理方法。1. A mixture of a treated product and a dechlorinating agent for a carbonic acid-based alkali substance that reacts with a chlorine-based gas, and heat-treated to solidify the resulting product into pellets. A method for solidifying the processed material.
始まる温度以下であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の
処理物の固形化処理方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature range of the heat treatment is lower than a temperature at which precipitation of chlorine-based gas starts.
を特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の処理物の固形化処理
方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is performed in a low oxygen atmosphere.
請求項１ないし３のいずれか１項に記載の処理物の固形
化処理方法。4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is dry distillation.
体、２種類以上の単体、２種類以上の単体の混合物から
選択することを特徴とする請求項１記載の処理物の固形
化処理方法。5. The solidification treatment of a treated product according to claim 1, wherein the dechlorinating agent is selected from a simple substance of a carbonate-based alkaline substance, two or more simple substances, and a mixture of two or more simple substances. Method.
あることを特徴とする請求項１記載の処理物の固形化処
理方法。6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dechlorinating agent is a carbonate-based sodium substance.
ナトリウム、セスキ炭酸ナトリウム、天然ソーダ、から
選択した単体、２種類以上の単体、２種類以上の単体の
混合物から選択することを特徴とする請求項１記載の処
理物の固形化処理方法。7. The dechlorinating agent is selected from a simple substance selected from sodium hydrogen chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate and natural soda, a mixture of two or more simple substances, and a mixture of two or more simple substances. A method for solidifying a treated product according to claim 1.
粉体状、溶液、懸濁液の何れかで形成したことを特徴と
する請求項１，５，６，７のいずれか１項に記載の処理
物の固形化処理方法。8. The dechlorinating agent may be in the form of a lump, a plate, a porous form,
The solidification treatment method for a treated product according to any one of claims 1, 5, 6, and 7, wherein the treatment product is formed in the form of a powder, a solution, or a suspension.
の５〜３０重量％であることを特徴とする請求項１，
５，６，７，８のいずれか１項に記載の処理物の固形化
処理方法。9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the dechlorinating agent added is 5 to 30% by weight of the processed material.
The solidification treatment method for a treated product according to any one of 5, 6, 7, and 8.
分量に対して０．５〜１．５モルであることを特徴とす
る請求項１，５，６，７，８，９のいずれか１項に記載
の処理物の固形化処理方法。10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the dechlorinating agent added is 0.5 to 1.5 mol based on the amount of the generated chlorine component. A method for solidifying a treated product according to any one of the preceding claims.
ｋｇ／ｃｍ2としたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の処
理物の固形化処理方法。11. The pressure for molding under pressure is 100 to 1000.
2. The method for solidifying a treated product according to claim 1, wherein the solid content is set to kg / cm 2 .
系のアルカリ物質の脱塩素剤とを混合して加熱処理し、
生成された生成物を加圧成形してペレット状に固形化し
たことを特徴とする固形化物。12. A mixture of a treated product and a dechlorinating agent for a carbonic acid-based alkali substance that reacts with a chlorine-based gas and heat-treated.
A solid product obtained by press-molding the produced product and solidifying it into a pellet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9045391A JPH10235313A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-02-28 | Solidification treatment of object to be treated and solidified matter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9045391A JPH10235313A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-02-28 | Solidification treatment of object to be treated and solidified matter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10235313A true JPH10235313A (en) | 1998-09-08 |
Family
ID=12717978
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9045391A Pending JPH10235313A (en) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-02-28 | Solidification treatment of object to be treated and solidified matter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10235313A (en) |
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1997
- 1997-02-28 JP JP9045391A patent/JPH10235313A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6686549B2 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2004-02-03 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Illuminated keyboard switch |
| US9062268B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2015-06-23 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Engineered fuel feed stock |
| US9523051B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2016-12-20 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Engineered fuel feed stock |
| US9688931B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2017-06-27 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Engineered fuel feed stock |
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| US10611974B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2020-04-07 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Engineered fuel feed stock |
| JP2013515136A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-05-02 | リ コミュニティー エナジー，エルエルシー． | Adsorbent-containing artificial fuel feedstock |
| US9181508B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2015-11-10 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Sorbent containing engineered fuel feed stock |
| US9752086B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2017-09-05 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Sorbent containing engineered fuel feed stock |
| US10563144B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2020-02-18 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Sorbent containing engineered fuel feed stock |
| US9487722B2 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2016-11-08 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Mitigation of harmful combustion emissions using sorbent containing engineered fuel feed stocks |
| US10174268B2 (en) | 2012-01-26 | 2019-01-08 | Accordant Energy, Llc | Mitigation of harmful combustion emissions using sorbent containing engineered fuel feed stocks |
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