JPH10225675A - Water product treating method - Google Patents
Water product treating methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10225675A JPH10225675A JP9031713A JP3171397A JPH10225675A JP H10225675 A JPH10225675 A JP H10225675A JP 9031713 A JP9031713 A JP 9031713A JP 3171397 A JP3171397 A JP 3171397A JP H10225675 A JPH10225675 A JP H10225675A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- water
- sorting
- separated
- plastics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 92
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 73
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 73
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 20
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 23
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000009284 supercritical water oxidation Methods 0.000 description 16
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006263 metalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006400 oxidative hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009279 wet oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、プラスチック等の
有機物や、鉄や非鉄金属等の有価金属，ガラス等の無機
物などが混在する廃棄物や製品の処理方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating wastes and products in which organic substances such as plastics, valuable metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals, and inorganic substances such as glass are mixed.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】プラスチック等の有機物や、鉄や非鉄金
属等の有価金属，ガラスや重金属等の無機物などが混在
する廃棄物や製品を処理するための技術は、基本的に有
機物の処理，有価金属の回収，残渣の無害化の３要素か
らなる。これらの各要素については以下のような処理技
術があり、また、それぞれは、乾式法と湿式法とに分け
られる。2. Description of the Related Art The technology for treating wastes and products in which organic materials such as plastics, valuable metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals, and inorganic materials such as glass and heavy metals are mixed is basically the treatment of organic materials and valuable materials. It consists of three elements: recovery of metal and detoxification of residue. Each of these elements has the following processing techniques, and each is classified into a dry method and a wet method.
【０００３】このうち、乾式法は従来より広く用いられ
ており、まず、これについて述べる。乾式法の技術に
は、有機物の処理技術として焼却法や熱分解法があり、
有価金属の回収技術として、鉄を回収する磁力選別法
や、非鉄金属を回収する渦電流選別法，アルミと銅を分
離する風力選別法などがあり、残渣を無害化する技術と
して、コンクリート固化法や、薬剤固化法，溶融法など
がある。実際の処理プロセスで、有機物や有価金属、そ
の他無機物などの混在する廃棄物等を処理する場合に
は、これらの要素技術に破砕処理が適宜組み合わせられ
る。すなわち、はじめに対象物を破砕して、破砕物から
鉄と非鉄金属をそれぞれ回収した後に、残りを焼却また
は熱分解，溶融して、有機物を分解し、残渣を固形化す
るのが一般的である。[0003] Among them, the dry method has been widely used conventionally, and will be described first. In the dry process technology, there are incineration method and pyrolysis method as the organic material treatment technology.
There are magnetic separation method for recovering valuable metals, eddy current separation method for recovering non-ferrous metals, and wind separation method for separating aluminum and copper. The solidification method for concrete is used as a technology for detoxifying residues. And a solidification method and a melting method. In the case of treating wastes mixed with organic substances, valuable metals, and other inorganic substances in an actual treatment process, crushing treatment is appropriately combined with these element technologies. That is, it is common to first crush the object, collect iron and non-ferrous metals from the crushed material, and then incinerate or thermally decompose and melt the residue to decompose organic matter and solidify the residue. .
【０００４】一方、湿式法の技術については、有機物の
処理技術として、湿式酸化法や超臨界水分解法，超臨界
水酸化法などがあり、残渣の無害化技術として、水熱固
化法などがある。On the other hand, as for the wet method, there are a wet oxidation method, a supercritical water decomposition method, a supercritical water oxidation method and the like as an organic material treatment technology, and a hydrothermal solidification method and the like as a detoxification technology of the residue. .
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】はじめに乾式法につい
て述べる。対象物を破砕して、有価金属を回収した後
に、残りを焼却または熱分解して有機物を分解し、最後
に残渣を溶融して固形化するという従来の処理システム
には、以下の欠点がある。第１は、有機物の分解処理に
ともなう排ガスの環境負荷が大きいことである。例えば
焼却法の場合、窒素酸化物や窒素酸化物，未燃炭化水素
類の発生量が多く、また焼却法でも熱分解法でも、対象
物中の微量重金属類が飛散して排気ガス中に移行しやす
い。このため、乾式の有機物分解技術では、これらの窒
素酸化物や窒素酸化物，未燃炭化水素類，微量重金属類
などの汚染物質に対して、それぞれの除去を目的とする
排ガス処理設備を追設する必要がある。第２には、これ
ら従来の方法では、実際には金属とプラスチックを高効
率に分離しきれない。すなわち、従来の処理技術は、具
体的には、磁力選別法によって鉄を回収し、渦電流選別
法によって銅やアルミなどの非鉄金属を回収するのが一
般的であるが、一部のステンレスなど非磁性体はこれら
の方法では回収できない。また、渦電流選別法は、被選
別物の粒径の影響を大きく受け、選別可能な粒径には限
界があるため、粒径約５mm以下の金属片を十分に回収で
きず、また、被覆銅線やエナメル線などの銅線も選別回
収できない。これらの問題に対処するための方法は、風
力選別，比重液選別，金属探知器による選別，超強力磁
石によるステンレス選別，エアテーブル型比重選別など
の工程を追加することが考えられる。しかし、これらに
は以下の問題がある。風力選別は、被選別物の粒径だけ
でなく形状の影響を大きく受けるため、金属とプラスチ
ックを有効に分離することは困難である。比重液選別
は、専用の比重液が必要であり、かつ、廃液処理や乾燥
の工程が必要であるため、高コストかつ高エネルギ消費
である。水流で比重選別をすることも想定できるが、風
力選別と同様に粒径や形状の影響が大きく性能が不十分
であり、また、廃水処理や乾燥の工程が必要で、エネル
ギ多消費である。金属探知器によって選別する場合は、
被選別物粒子を一つずつ処理しなくてはならないため、
処理速度が遅くなり、処理量も実用的な規模に拡大でき
ない。超強力磁石によるステンレス選別は、ステンレス
のみは回収できるが、高コストであり、また、それ単独
では、銅線が回収できないという問題までは解決できな
い。エアテーブル型比重選別は、プラスチックと金属を
分離しうる可能性をもつが、被選別物の粒径の影響を強
く受けるため、粉砕等の操作によって粒径を調整する必
要があり、その方法は確立されていない。第３に、残渣
の無害化方法については、溶融処理法は生成した固化物
中に重金属等を封じ込める効果が高く、その他のコンク
リート固化法や薬剤固化法と比べても、固化物中からの
重金属等の溶出率が小さいという特徴を有する反面、通
常は反応温度が１０００℃以上で行われるため、エネル
ギ消費が大きく、また、一部の重金属は飛散して排ガス
中に移行するため、排ガス処理設備が必要である。First, the dry method will be described. The conventional processing system of crushing the target object, recovering valuable metals, incinerating or thermally decomposing the remainder to decompose organic matter, and finally melting and solidifying the residue has the following disadvantages. . First, the environmental load of exhaust gas accompanying the decomposition treatment of organic substances is large. For example, in the case of the incineration method, a large amount of nitrogen oxides, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons are generated. In both the incineration method and the pyrolysis method, trace heavy metals in the target matter scatter and migrate into the exhaust gas. It's easy to do. For this reason, dry-type organic matter decomposition technology adds an exhaust gas treatment facility for the purpose of removing these pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, and trace heavy metals. There is a need to. Second, these conventional methods do not actually separate metal and plastic with high efficiency. That is, in the conventional processing technology, specifically, it is general to collect iron by a magnetic force sorting method, and to collect non-ferrous metals such as copper and aluminum by an eddy current sorting method. Non-magnetic materials cannot be recovered by these methods. In addition, the eddy current sorting method is greatly affected by the particle size of the material to be sorted, and there is a limit on the particle size that can be sorted. Therefore, metal pieces having a particle size of about 5 mm or less cannot be sufficiently collected. Copper wires such as copper wires and enamel wires cannot be sorted and recovered. As a method for addressing these problems, it is conceivable to add processes such as wind sorting, specific gravity liquid sorting, sorting using a metal detector, stainless steel sorting using an ultra-strong magnet, and air table type specific gravity sorting. However, these have the following problems. Since wind sorting is greatly affected not only by the particle size of the material to be sorted but also by its shape, it is difficult to effectively separate metal and plastic. Specific gravity liquid sorting requires a dedicated specific gravity liquid, and requires a waste liquid treatment and drying process, and is therefore expensive and energy consuming. Although specific gravity selection can be performed using a water flow, the effect of the particle size and shape is large and the performance is insufficient as in the case of wind power separation. Further, wastewater treatment and drying steps are required, and energy consumption is high. When sorting by metal detector,
Since it is necessary to process the sorted particles one by one,
The processing speed decreases, and the processing amount cannot be expanded to a practical scale. Sorting stainless steel using an ultra-strong magnet can only recover stainless steel, but it is expensive and cannot solve the problem that copper wire cannot be recovered by itself. Air table specific gravity sorting has the potential to separate plastic and metal, but is strongly affected by the particle size of the material to be sorted, so it is necessary to adjust the particle size by operations such as pulverization. Not established. Thirdly, regarding the method of detoxifying the residue, the melt treatment method has a high effect of encapsulating heavy metals and the like in the solidified product, and the heavy metal from the solidified product is higher than other concrete solidification methods and chemical solidification methods. However, since the reaction temperature is usually higher than 1000 ° C, the energy consumption is large, and some heavy metals are scattered and move into the exhaust gas. is required.
【０００６】以上に述べた乾式法の処理システムおよび
要素技術の問題点に対して、湿式法の要素技術は、次の
ような長所がある。すなわち、有機物の処理に関して
は、超臨界水酸化などの高温熱水を利用した分解処理
は、水中での分解であるため、乾式の焼却法や熱分解法
と比べて、有害な排ガスの発生量が少ないという特徴を
持っており、排ガス処理設備が不要である。また、特に
超臨界水酸化法は、焼却法と比べて窒素酸化物や硫黄酸
化物，未分解炭化水素類の発生量が小さく、また、熱分
解法と比べても短い時間で高い分解率が得られる。一
方、残渣の無害化に関して、水熱固化法は、反応温度が
約３００〜３５０℃であり、溶融法のように温度１００
０℃以上にすることなく、少ないエネルギで十分な固化
強度が得られる。したがって、有機物の処理や残渣の無
害化にこれらの湿式法を組み合わせることによって、前
述の乾式の処理システムの問題点を解決できる。[0006] In contrast to the problems of the dry processing system and the element technology described above, the element technology of the wet method has the following advantages. In other words, regarding the treatment of organic substances, the decomposition treatment using high-temperature hot water such as supercritical water oxidation is decomposition in water, so the amount of harmful exhaust gas generated is lower than that of dry incineration and pyrolysis. Therefore, there is no need for exhaust gas treatment equipment. In particular, the supercritical water oxidation method produces a smaller amount of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and undecomposed hydrocarbons than the incineration method, and has a higher decomposition rate in a shorter time than the thermal decomposition method. can get. On the other hand, regarding the detoxification of the residue, the hydrothermal solidification method has a reaction temperature of about 300 to 350 ° C. and a temperature of 100 ° C. as in the melting method.
Sufficient solidification strength can be obtained with low energy without setting the temperature to 0 ° C. or higher. Therefore, the problem of the above-mentioned dry treatment system can be solved by combining these wet methods with the treatment of organic substances and the detoxification of residues.
【０００７】しかし、そのためには以下に述べるような
課題がある。以下に、有機物の高温水中での分解処理
と、残渣の水熱固化のそれぞれに分けて説明する。However, there are the following problems for that purpose. Hereinafter, the decomposition treatment of the organic matter in high-temperature water and the hydrothermal solidification of the residue will be described separately.
【０００８】はじめに、高温水中での有機物分解につい
て、超臨界水酸化を例に説明すると、高温水中での高効
率な有機物分解のためには、様々な前提条件が必要であ
る。その条件として、まず、ポリエチレンのようなプラ
スチックを超臨界水酸化によって２分程度で分解するた
めには、その粒径を０.１mm 程度に粉砕しておく必要が
ある。したがって、粉砕工程を設けて有機物を粒径０.
１mm 程度に粉砕する必要がある。また、温度３７４
℃，圧力２２Ｍｐａ以上の超臨界水中へ処理対象物を供
給する際に金属片などが混入していると、ポンプによる
圧入が困難なだけでなく、その早期摩耗を招く。また、
超臨界水中にこれらの金属固体が含まれた場合、これを
効果的に分離する技術が確立されていないため、これら
は容易に反応容器内に堆積し、反応容器を閉塞させる可
能性が大きい。そこで、これを防ぐためには、超臨界水
中に供給する前に、有機物と金属固体を高効率に分離す
ることが重要となるが、前述のように従来の技術では限
界がある。さらに、超臨界水中に塩素や硫黄などが存在
すると、反応容器が耐腐食性のインコネルやハステロイ
であっても容易に腐食することが知られている。これら
の課題があるため、有機物と有価金属や無機物の混在し
た対象物を、単に粉砕して供給するだけでは、実際には
超臨界酸化処理できないため、これらは実用化されてこ
なかった。First, the decomposition of organic substances in high-temperature water will be described using supercritical water oxidation as an example. Various preconditions are required for highly efficient decomposition of organic substances in high-temperature water. As a condition, in order to decompose a plastic such as polyethylene in about two minutes by supercritical water oxidation, it is necessary to pulverize the particle size to about 0.1 mm. Therefore, a pulverization step is provided to reduce the organic matter to a particle size of 0.1.
It needs to be crushed to about 1mm. In addition, temperature 374
If metal pieces are mixed in the supply of the object to be processed into supercritical water at a temperature of 22 ° C. or more at a temperature of 22 ° C., not only is it difficult to press-fit with a pump, but also causes early wear. Also,
When these metal solids are contained in supercritical water, there is a high possibility that they are easily deposited in the reaction vessel and clog the reaction vessel because a technique for effectively separating these metal solids has not been established. Therefore, in order to prevent this, it is important to separate the organic matter and the metal solid with high efficiency before supplying them into the supercritical water. However, as described above, the conventional technology has a limit. Furthermore, it is known that the presence of chlorine, sulfur, or the like in supercritical water easily corrodes the reaction vessel even if it is made of corrosion-resistant Inconel or Hastelloy. Because of these problems, simply mixing and supplying an object in which an organic substance and a valuable metal or an inorganic substance are mixed cannot be used in practice because supercritical oxidation treatment cannot be actually performed.
【０００９】一方、残渣の無害化について述べると、効
果的な水熱固化反応のためには、処理対象となる無機物
を粉砕して、ガラス粉末と混練しておく必要がある。し
たがって、処理プロセスとして、対象物の粉砕工程と、
ガラス粉末との混練工程が必要となるが、混練には一定
の時間が必要であり、かつ連続化が困難なため、全体の
処理速度が低下すると予想され、これらを考えると、必
ずしもエネルギや操作性の点で効率的とは言えない。On the other hand, regarding the detoxification of the residue, for an effective hydrothermal solidification reaction, it is necessary to grind the inorganic substance to be treated and knead it with the glass powder. Therefore, as a processing process, a crushing step of the object,
Although a kneading step with glass powder is required, kneading requires a certain amount of time and it is difficult to continue the kneading, so it is expected that the overall processing speed will decrease. It is not efficient in terms of sex.
【００１０】したがって、高温水中での有機物分解処理
や、水熱固化反応による残渣の固化処理によって有機物
や有価金属およびその他の無機物の混在する対象物を効
率的に処理するためには、以下の課題を解決する必要が
ある。[0010] Therefore, in order to efficiently treat an object containing an organic substance, a valuable metal and other inorganic substances by decomposing an organic substance in high-temperature water or solidifying a residue by a hydrothermal solidification reaction, the following problems must be solved. Need to be solved.
【００１１】すなわち、まず、高温水中での有機物分解
処理に関しては、高効率な分解反応を行うために、プラ
スチックのような有機物が粒径０.１mm 程度となるよう
粉砕し、かつ、反応容器中への堆積や閉塞を防ぐため
に、通常の選別装置では分離の困難な、粒径５mm以下の
非鉄金属や、銅線などの有価金属等を予め高効率に分離
除去しておき、かつ、ポリ塩化ビニールのような塩素を
含むプラスチックを予め高効率に除去しておくことが必
要である。また、水熱固化に関しては、対象物の粉砕や
ガラス粉末との混練などの前処理の効率化を図る必要が
ある。That is, first, regarding the decomposition of organic substances in high-temperature water, in order to perform a decomposition reaction with high efficiency, an organic substance such as plastic is pulverized so as to have a particle size of about 0.1 mm, and the organic substance in the reaction vessel is pulverized. In order to prevent sedimentation and clogging on the surface, non-ferrous metals with a particle size of 5 mm or less, valuable metals such as copper wires, etc., which are difficult to separate with a normal sorting device, are preliminarily efficiently separated and removed, and polychlorinated. It is necessary to efficiently remove chlorine-containing plastics such as vinyl in advance. In addition, regarding hydrothermal solidification, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of pretreatment such as pulverization of an object and kneading with glass powder.
【００１２】[0012]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、以上の課題の
解決を目的として、以下の手段を提供するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides the following means for the purpose of solving the above problems.
【００１３】すなわち、本発明では、処理対象物を−５
０〜−３０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却してプラスチック等
を選択的に脆化させて粉砕することによって、プラスチ
ック等を粒径約０.１mm 以下の高温水分解処理に適した
粒径になるように効率的に粉砕すると同時に、鉄や非鉄
金属等の金属類をプラスチック類よりも大きい粒径に破
砕できる。これは、低温での物質の脆化温度の違いを利
用したもので、後述する塩化ビニール以外の多くのプラ
スチックの脆化温度が−５０〜−３０℃の範囲内にある
一方で、金属の脆化温度については、これよりも低く例
えば鉄は約−１００℃以下であり、また銅のような非鉄
金属は低温脆化しないことにより、−５０〜−３０℃の
範囲内ではプラスチックが選択的に脆化しており、破砕
されやすいという原理によっている。したがって、この
粉砕物を篩い分けることによって、他の特別な選別手段
を用いることなく、簡便かつ高効率に、プラスチック等
の有機物を鉄や非鉄金属等の金属類と高効率に分離する
ことができる。またこの結果、分離したプラスチック等
を高温水中で分解処理する際の金属片等の混入による反
応容器の閉塞等を効果的に防ぎつつ、分解処理を行うこ
とができる。That is, in the present invention, the object to be processed is -5.
By cooling to a temperature within the range of 0 to -30 ° C. to selectively embrittle plastics and the like and pulverize them, the plastics and the like have a particle size of about 0.1 mm or less and suitable for high-temperature water splitting treatment. At the same time as efficiently pulverizing, metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals can be crushed to a particle size larger than plastics. This is based on the difference in the brittleness temperature of substances at low temperatures. While the brittleness temperature of many plastics other than vinyl chloride described later is in the range of −50 to −30 ° C., the brittleness of metals is low. Regarding the crystallization temperature, for example, iron is about -100 ° C or less, and non-ferrous metals such as copper do not become brittle at low temperatures, so that plastic can be selectively used within the range of -50 to -30 ° C. It is based on the principle that it is embrittled and easily broken. Therefore, by sieving this pulverized material, it is possible to easily and efficiently separate organic substances such as plastics from metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals with high efficiency without using other special sorting means. . In addition, as a result, the decomposition treatment can be performed while effectively preventing the reaction vessel from being clogged due to the incorporation of metal pieces or the like when the separated plastic or the like is decomposed in high-temperature water.
【００１４】また本発明では、処理対象物を−５０〜−
３０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却する前に、−１０〜−３０
℃の範囲内の温度に冷却してポリ塩化ビニールを選択的
に脆化させて破砕し、粉砕物を所定の粒径を基準にして
篩い分けることにより、ポリ塩化ビニールを効率的にそ
の他のプラスチック等から分離除去できる。これは、上
記と同様に物質の脆化温度の違いを利用したもので、塩
化ビニールの脆化温度の範囲が−３０〜−１０℃と、他
の多くのプラスチックの脆化温度の−５０〜−３０℃よ
りも高いことにより、この温度範囲−３０〜−１０℃で
は塩化ビニールが選択的に脆化されており、破砕しやす
いという原理によっている。このようにして塩化ビニー
ルを予め回収除去することによって、分離した有機物質
を高温水中で分解処理する際に、腐食の原因となる塩化
ビニールの混入を避けることができ、反応容器の腐食を
防ぐことができる。In the present invention, the object to be processed is -50 to-
Before cooling to a temperature in the range of 30 ° C, -10 to -30
Cooling to a temperature in the range of ℃ to selectively embrittle and crush PVC, and then sieving the pulverized material based on the specified particle size to efficiently convert PVC into other plastics Etc. can be separated and removed. This utilizes the difference in the embrittlement temperature of the material in the same manner as described above. The range of the embrittlement temperature of vinyl chloride is -30 to -10 ° C, and the embrittlement temperature of many other plastics is -50 to -50. When the temperature is higher than −30 ° C., vinyl chloride is selectively embrittled in this temperature range of −30 to −10 ° C., and is based on the principle that it is easily crushed. By collecting and removing vinyl chloride in advance in this way, when decomposing the separated organic substance in high-temperature water, it is possible to avoid the intrusion of vinyl chloride, which causes corrosion, and to prevent corrosion of the reaction vessel. Can be.
【００１５】さらに、本発明では、上のいずれかの方法
で、対象物を篩い分けて分離した金属類から磁力選別し
て鉄を回収除去し、渦電流選別して電線以外の非鉄金属
片を回収除去することにより、その残りとして、被覆材
を含まない銅線類を高純度に回収することができる。Further, according to the present invention, in any one of the above-mentioned methods, iron is recovered and removed from the metals separated by sieving the object, and non-ferrous metal pieces other than electric wires are removed by eddy current screening. By collecting and removing, as the remainder, copper wires that do not include the covering material can be collected with high purity.
【００１６】また本発明では、上のいずれかで、空気を
精留して液体窒素と酸素を分離し、液体窒素を対象物を
冷却するのに利用し、また、酸素を有機物質を高温水中
で酸化分解するのに利用することにより、処理工程の全
体をコンパクト化でき、かつ、液体窒素や酸素を空気を
原料として簡便に供給できる。Further, in the present invention, in any of the above, air is rectified to separate liquid nitrogen and oxygen, and the liquid nitrogen is used for cooling an object. By using it for oxidative decomposition, the entire processing step can be made compact, and liquid nitrogen or oxygen can be easily supplied using air as a raw material.
【００１７】また本発明では、水を用いてプラスチック
等を比重選別する技術で、物質の比重差によってポリ塩
化ビニールなどを除いてから、その残りを水とともに昇
温して酸化分解または加水分解することによって、従来
水を用いる比重選別で必要だった排水処理設備を設ける
必要がなく、廃水処理とプラスチックの分解を一つの設
備で一緒に行うことができる。Further, in the present invention, a technique for selectively sorting plastics or the like using water is used. After removing polyvinyl chloride or the like due to a difference in the specific gravity of a substance, the remainder is heated together with water to undergo oxidative decomposition or hydrolysis. Thus, there is no need to provide a wastewater treatment facility conventionally required for specific gravity separation using water, and wastewater treatment and plastic decomposition can be performed together by one facility.
【００１８】さらに、本発明では、上記の処理方法で、
対象物にガラスを添加して粉砕して対象物とガラス粉末
の混合を図った上で、高温水中処理による固形残渣を分
離して圧搾しつつ温度約３００〜３５０℃に加熱して固
形化する。これによって、従来の水熱固化法で必要な、
残渣の粉砕やガラス粉末との混練といった前処理工程を
設けることなく、効率的に高温水中分解の残渣を水熱固
化できる。Further, according to the present invention, in the above-mentioned processing method,
After adding glass to the object and pulverizing to mix the object and the glass powder, the solid residue obtained by the high-temperature water treatment is separated and squeezed while being heated to a temperature of about 300 to 350 ° C. to be solidified. . This makes it necessary for the conventional hydrothermal solidification method,
The residue of high-temperature underwater decomposition can be efficiently hydrothermally solidified without providing a pretreatment step such as grinding of the residue or kneading with the glass powder.
【００１９】本発明では、処理対象物を冷却して塩化ビ
ニールやその他のプラスチック等を選択的に脆化させて
粉砕し、篩い分けることによって、これらを鉄や非鉄金
属等の金属類と高効率かつ簡易に分離できる。また上記
の粉砕ではプラスチック等を高温水分解処理に適した小
粒径に粉砕できる。このため、分離したプラスチック等
を高温水中で分解処理する際に、反応容器の腐食を防ぎ
つつ、かつ速やかに分解処理できる。In the present invention, the object to be treated is cooled to selectively embrittle and crush pulverized vinyl chloride and other plastics, and sieved, so that these can be efficiently treated with metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals. And it can be easily separated. In the above-mentioned pulverization, plastic or the like can be pulverized to a small particle size suitable for high-temperature water splitting treatment. Therefore, when decomposing the separated plastic or the like in high-temperature water, the decomposition can be performed promptly while preventing corrosion of the reaction vessel.
【００２０】また、上述のようにして対象物から分離し
た金属類に対して、磁力選別によって鉄を回収除去し、
渦電流選別によって非鉄金属片を回収除去することによ
って、被覆材の剥離された銅線類を高純度に回収するこ
とができる。Further, iron is recovered and removed from the metals separated from the object by the magnetic force separation as described above,
By recovering and removing non-ferrous metal pieces by eddy current selection, copper wires from which the coating material has been peeled can be recovered with high purity.
【００２１】また、水を用いてプラスチック等を比重選
別してポリ塩化ビニールを除いてから、その残りを水と
ともに昇温して酸化分解または加水分解することによっ
て、比重選別の廃水処理とプラスチックの分解処理を一
つの設備で一緒に行うことができる。Further, plastics and the like are subjected to specific gravity selection using water to remove polyvinyl chloride, and the remainder is heated and oxidatively decomposed or hydrolyzed with water, whereby wastewater treatment for specific gravity separation and plastic processing are performed. The decomposition process can be performed together in one facility.
【００２２】さらに、対象物にガラスを添加して粉砕
し、対象物とガラス粉末の混合を図った上で高温水中処
理することにより、残渣の粉砕やガラス粉末との混練と
いった前処理をすることなく、効率的に高温水中分解の
残渣を水熱固化できる。Further, pretreatment such as grinding of the residue and kneading with the glass powder is performed by adding the glass to the object and pulverizing the mixture, mixing the object and the glass powder, and treating the mixture with high-temperature water. And the residue of decomposition in high-temperature water can be efficiently hydrothermally solidified.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の実施例を図１〜図３を用
いて説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
【００２４】図１は本発明による処理方法の一実施例を
表すブロック図である。本方法は、空気を精留して液体
窒素と酸素とに分離する工程および、液体窒素を利用し
て処理対象物を冷却して破砕して篩い分け、プラスチッ
クなどの有機物と金属片を分離する工程および、分離し
たプラスチックなどの有機物を酸素を用いて高温水中で
酸化分解する工程，酸化分解で生じた反応残渣を水熱固
化する工程、ならびに、金属・有機物分離工程で分離し
た金属片を選別する工程からなる。また、処理対象１
は、プラスチックなどの有機物と、鉄や非鉄金属，被覆
電線等が混在している廃棄物等が適しているが、特にこ
こに挙げた構成に限定する必要はない。また処理対象１
は、既に破砕されたりしている状態でもよく、また、破
砕される前の、廃棄された電機製品等の原型のままでも
よい。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the processing method according to the present invention. This method comprises a step of rectifying air to separate into liquid nitrogen and oxygen, and a step of cooling, crushing and sieving an object to be treated by using liquid nitrogen, and separating an organic substance such as a plastic from a metal piece. Process and the process of oxidatively decomposing the separated organic matter such as plastics in high-temperature water using oxygen, the process of hydrothermally solidifying the reaction residue generated by the oxidative decomposition, and the sorting of the metal pieces separated in the metal / organic matter separation process The process. Processing target 1
Suitable is a waste in which an organic substance such as plastic is mixed with iron, a non-ferrous metal, a covered electric wire, or the like, but it is not particularly limited to the above-described configuration. Processing target 1
May be in a state of being already crushed, or may be a prototype of a discarded electric product or the like before being crushed.
【００２５】処理の方法を以下に説明する。はじめに、
処理対象物１を第１冷却手段３１で−３０〜−１０℃の
範囲内の温度に冷却し、物質による低温脆化温度の違い
を利用して、処理対象１のうち塩化ビニールのみを選択
的に低温脆化させる。次いで、これを第１粉砕手段４１
に導入することによって、処理対象物１のうち塩化ビニ
ールを選択的に比較的小粒径に粉砕する。次いで、粉砕
物を所定の目開きを持つ第１篩い５１にかけることによ
り、小粒径に粉砕された塩化ビニールを篩い下に通過さ
せて分離する。また、篩い分けで篩い上に残った処理対
象物については、温度だけを変えて、第２冷却手段３２
で−５０〜−３０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却し、物質によ
る低温脆化温度の違いを利用して、処理対象１のうちプ
ラスチックなどの有機物等を選択的に低温脆化させ、次
いで、これを第２粉砕手段４２に導入することによっ
て、処理対象物のうち、特にプラスチックなどの有機物
等を選択的に小粒径に粉砕する。また、ガラスは金属や
プラスチック等と比較して粉砕されやすいため、前述の
ように添加されたガラス２については、プラスチックな
どの有機物と同様に比較的小粒径に粉砕されている。よ
って、この第２粉砕後の段階での粉砕物の状態は、比較
的小粒径に粉砕されたプラスチックやガラスと、比較的
大粒径に破砕された鉄や非鉄金属等の金属片と、不定形
で線状のままの銅線類とになっている。また、はじめに
処理対象物１中に含まれていた被覆電線等の被覆材につ
いては、材質が塩化ビニールの場合は、すでに第１段階
での−３０〜−１０℃の範囲内の温度への冷却・粉砕・
篩い分けによって、電線の芯材である銅線等から剥離・
分離されており、また、材質がその他のプラスチック等
の有機物の場合は、第２段階での−５０〜−３０℃の範
囲内の温度への冷却・粉砕によって比較的小粒径に粉砕
され、芯材である銅線と剥離している。そこで、続い
て、粉砕物を所定の目開きを持つ第２篩い５２にかける
ことにより、小粒径に粉砕されたプラスチックなどの有
機物等およびガラスを篩いに通過させて篩い下に、ま
た、その他の金属片や銅線等を篩い上に分離することが
できる。ここで分離したプラスチックやガラスと、その
他金属片や銅線等とは、以下に述べるようにぞれぞれ別
々に処理をする。すなわち、第２篩い５２で篩い下に分
離したプラスチックやガラスについては、これを超臨界
水酸化手段６１に導入して、温度約３７４℃以上、圧力
約２２Ｍｐａ以上の超臨界水中で、後述する空気分離手
段８０で分離した酸素１２と反応させて、酸化分解す
る。この超臨界水酸化による生成物は、二酸化炭素を中
心とする廃ガス７および、廃水８，固形の残渣９であ
る。次いで、固形残渣９を水熱固化手段７０に導入し、
圧搾圧力を約２５ＭＰ加えながら温度約３００〜３５０
℃の範囲に加熱することによって、水熱反応させて固化
物を生成する。水熱固化手段に供給する固形残渣９につ
いては、前述のように予め対象物１にガラス２を添加し
た上で粉砕され、さらに超臨界水中で処理する過程で、
反応残渣とガラスが十分に混合したものとなっている。
したがって、本方式による水熱固化では、従来の水熱固
化法から考えるように、あらためて残渣を粉砕して、ガ
ラス粉末と混練したりする必要がなく、効率的に処理で
きる。一方、第２篩い５２で篩い上に分離した金属片や
銅線等については、はじめに磁力選別手段２１によって
鉄４を回収し、次いで渦電流選別手段２２によって、非
鉄金属片５を回収する。このようにして、鉄４と非鉄金
属片５を回収分離したことにより、その残りは、被覆材
が剥離された銅線類６を高純度に含むものとして回収で
きる。The processing method will be described below. First,
The object to be treated 1 is cooled to a temperature within the range of -30 to -10 ° C by the first cooling means 31, and only the vinyl chloride among the objects to be treated 1 is selectively used by utilizing the difference in the low-temperature embrittlement temperature depending on the substance. At low temperature. Next, the first crushing means 41
, The vinyl chloride in the processing object 1 is selectively pulverized to a relatively small particle size. Next, the pulverized material is passed through a first sieve 51 having a predetermined opening, whereby vinyl chloride pulverized to a small particle size is passed under the sieve and separated. Further, only the temperature of the processing object remaining on the sieve after the sieving is changed to the second cooling means 32.
In -50 ~ -30 ° C. in the temperature range, utilizing the difference in the low temperature embrittlement temperature depending on the material, to selectively low temperature embrittlement of organic substances such as plastics in the treatment target 1, By introducing this into the second pulverizing means 42, among the objects to be treated, especially organic substances such as plastics are selectively pulverized to a small particle size. In addition, since glass is more easily crushed than metals, plastics, and the like, the glass 2 added as described above is crushed to a relatively small particle size, similarly to organic substances such as plastics. Therefore, the state of the pulverized material at the stage after the second pulverization includes plastic and glass pulverized to a relatively small particle size, metal pieces such as iron and non-ferrous metal pulverized to a relatively large particle size, It is an indefinite copper wire that remains linear. In addition, as for the covering material such as the covered electric wire included in the object to be treated 1 at first, when the material is vinyl chloride, the cooling to the temperature within the range of −30 to −10 ° C. is already performed in the first stage.・ Pulverization ・
By sieving, peeling from copper wire etc. which is the core material of the electric wire
It is separated, and when the material is an organic substance such as other plastics, it is pulverized to a relatively small particle size by cooling and pulverizing to a temperature within a range of −50 to −30 ° C. in the second stage, Peeled from the core copper wire. Therefore, subsequently, the pulverized material is passed through a second sieve 52 having a predetermined opening, whereby organic substances such as plastics and the like, which have been pulverized to a small particle size, and glass are passed through the sieve, and under the sieve, Can be separated on a sieve. Here, the separated plastic and glass, and other metal pieces, copper wires, and the like are separately processed as described below. That is, the plastic and glass separated under the sieve by the second sieve 52 are introduced into the supercritical water oxidation means 61, and the air or air to be described later is heated in supercritical water at a temperature of about 374 ° C. or more and a pressure of about 22 Mpa or more. It reacts with the oxygen 12 separated by the separation means 80 to oxidatively decompose. The products of this supercritical water oxidation are waste gas 7 mainly composed of carbon dioxide, waste water 8 and solid residue 9. Next, the solid residue 9 is introduced into the hydrothermal solidifying means 70,
Approximately 300-350 while applying squeezing pressure of about 25MP
By heating to the range of ° C., a hydrothermal reaction is performed to produce a solid. The solid residue 9 to be supplied to the hydrothermal solidification means is pulverized after adding the glass 2 to the object 1 in advance as described above, and further processed in supercritical water.
The reaction residue and glass are sufficiently mixed.
Therefore, in the hydrothermal solidification according to the present method, unlike the conventional hydrothermal solidification method, there is no need to grind the residue again and knead it with the glass powder, and the treatment can be performed efficiently. On the other hand, with respect to metal pieces, copper wires, and the like separated on the sieve by the second sieve 52, the iron 4 is first collected by the magnetic force sorting means 21, and then the non-ferrous metal pieces 5 are collected by the eddy current sorting means 22. By recovering and separating the iron 4 and the non-ferrous metal pieces 5 in this manner, the remainder can be recovered as containing high-purity copper wires 6 from which the coating material has been peeled off.
【００２６】さらに、本方法では、空気分離手段８０に
よって空気を液体窒素１１と酸素１２に分離して、液体
窒素１１を第１冷却手段３１や第２冷却手段３２に導入
して、対象物を冷却するのに用い、また酸素を超臨界水
酸化手段６１に導入して、対象有機物の酸化分解を行う
ことができる。空気分離手段８０は、例えば空気を冷却
して窒素と酸素の沸点の差を利用して精留する方法など
を用いるとよい。このように空気分離手段８０を備える
ことによって、設備を運転するときに、冷却のための冷
媒と、酸化ための酸化剤とを外部から搬入して貯留する
ことなく、空気を原料として必要に応じて供給すること
ができる。さらに、第１冷却手段３１や第２冷却手段３
２で冷却に使用した後に排出される窒素ガスを、第１粉
砕手段４１や第２粉砕手段４２に導入して、粉砕手段の
内部を窒素雰囲気にすることによって、簡略的に粉砕に
おける防爆効果を得ることができる。Further, in the present method, the air is separated into liquid nitrogen 11 and oxygen 12 by the air separation means 80, and the liquid nitrogen 11 is introduced into the first cooling means 31 and the second cooling means 32, and the object is separated. It can be used for cooling, and oxygen can be introduced into the supercritical water oxidation means 61 to perform oxidative decomposition of the target organic substance. As the air separation means 80, for example, a method of cooling air and rectifying by utilizing a difference in boiling point between nitrogen and oxygen may be used. By providing the air separation means 80 in this manner, when the equipment is operated, air is used as a raw material as necessary without carrying a refrigerant for cooling and an oxidizing agent for oxidation from outside. Can be supplied. Further, the first cooling means 31 and the second cooling means 3
The nitrogen gas discharged after being used for cooling in Step 2 is introduced into the first pulverizing means 41 and the second pulverizing means 42 to make the inside of the pulverizing means a nitrogen atmosphere. Obtainable.
【００２７】以上の本方法では、プラスチックや、鉄，
非鉄金属，被覆電線などが混在している廃棄物等に対し
て、鉄や非鉄金属等の有価金属を高効率に分離し、ま
た、従来は選別回収が困難であった電線類を被覆材と銅
線に分離回収し、かつ、処理対象物中から腐食の原因と
なる塩化ビニールを除去することにより超臨界酸化手段
の反応容器の腐食を防止しつつ、有機物を高効率に分解
処理することができ、さらに超臨界酸化した固形残渣に
対して、これを粉砕してガラスと混練したりすることな
く効率的に固化できる。また、本方法では、処理対象物
を粉砕する際に、塩化ビニールやその他プラスチックの
低温脆性を利用して、これらが選択的に小粒径になるよ
うに破砕しているため、その他の鉄や非鉄金属などの有
価金属の粒径がプラスチックなどと同じように小さく粉
砕されないように破砕することができる。このため、特
に比較的小粒径の対象物を選別回収しにくい渦電流選別
２２での非鉄金属の回収率を向上することができる。In the above method, plastic, iron,
It separates valuable metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals with high efficiency from waste mixed with non-ferrous metals and coated electric wires. By separating and collecting into copper wire and removing vinyl chloride which causes corrosion from the object to be treated, it is possible to prevent the corrosion of the reaction vessel of the supercritical oxidation means and to decompose organic matter with high efficiency. Further, the solid residue that has been supercritically oxidized can be efficiently solidified without being ground and kneaded with glass. In addition, in this method, when crushing the object to be treated, low-temperature brittleness of vinyl chloride and other plastics is used to selectively crush the particles to have a small particle size. It is possible to crush the valuable metal such as a non-ferrous metal so that the particle size is as small as that of a plastic or the like so as not to be crushed. For this reason, in particular, the recovery rate of the non-ferrous metal in the eddy current separator 22 in which it is difficult to sort and recover the target having a relatively small particle diameter can be improved.
【００２８】なお、ガラス２の添加量は、例えば、後述
する超臨界水酸化反応の残渣中のガラスの重量構成比
が、約３０〜５０％程度となるように決定するとよい。
また、水熱固化手段７０における処理で、予め対象物に
アルカリを添加してから処理することによって、固化物
の強度が大きくなるようにしてもよい。The amount of the glass 2 to be added may be determined, for example, so that the weight ratio of the glass in the residue of the supercritical hydroxylation reaction described later is about 30 to 50%.
In the treatment in the hydrothermal solidification means 70, the strength of the solidified material may be increased by adding an alkali to the object in advance and then performing the treatment.
【００２９】また、プラスチック等を分離するための粉
砕手段４２や篩い５２では、分離したプラスチック等
が、後段の超臨界水酸化処理手段６１に適した粒径にな
るように、粉砕手段４２ではプラスチック等の粉砕粒径
が概ね０.１mm 程度になるように粉砕するとよく、同様
に、篩い５２の篩いの目開きは約０.１mm 程度であると
よい。また、電線については、ここでは芯材が銅線の場
合を例に挙げたが、それ以外の材料でも、上記と同様に
被覆材を剥離して芯材を回収できる。また、ここでは、
高温水中での有機物質分解手段として超臨界水酸化を例
に取り上げたが、この他に、超臨界水中での加水分解
や、亜臨界水中での酸化分解，加水分解などの方法も利
用可能であり、以降の実施例を含めて、特に超臨界水中
酸化に限るものではない。In the crushing means 42 and the sieve 52 for separating the plastics and the like, the separated plastics and the like have a particle size suitable for the supercritical water oxidation treatment means 61 in the subsequent stage. And the like, and the size of the sieve is preferably about 0.1 mm. Similarly, the sieve of the sieve 52 is preferably about 0.1 mm. In addition, as for the electric wire, the case where the core material is a copper wire has been described as an example, but the core material can be recovered from other materials by peeling the covering material in the same manner as described above. Also, here
Supercritical water oxidation has been taken as an example of a method for decomposing organic substances in high-temperature water, but other methods such as hydrolysis in supercritical water, oxidative decomposition in subcritical water, and hydrolysis are also available. Yes, including the following examples, is not particularly limited to supercritical water oxidation.
【００３０】図２は本発明による処理方法の一実施例を
表すブロック図である。本方法は、従来の金属選別方法
に、本発明の方法を追設した例であり、構成は、処理対
象物を破砕して磁力選別や渦電流選別によって鉄や非鉄
金属片を分離回収する工程と、続いて、対象物を−３０
〜−１０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却して粉砕し塩化ビニー
ルを分離回収する工程と、さらに、対象物を−５０〜−
３０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却して粉砕し、銅線類とプラ
スチック等とに篩い分ける工程と、篩い分けたプラスチ
ック類を超臨界水酸化分解処理する工程からなる。ま
た、処理対象は、図１の実施例と同様の、プラスチック
などの有機物と、鉄や非鉄金属，被覆電線等が混在して
いる廃棄物等を処理することができる。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the processing method according to the present invention. This method is an example in which the method of the present invention is added to the conventional metal sorting method, and the configuration is a step of separating and collecting iron or non-ferrous metal pieces by crushing the object to be treated and magnetically sorting or eddy current sorting. And then the object is -30
A step of cooling to a temperature in the range of −10 ° C. and pulverizing to separate and recover vinyl chloride;
It comprises a step of cooling to a temperature in the range of 30 ° C., pulverizing and sieving into copper wires and plastics and the like, and a step of subjecting the sieved plastics to a supercritical hydroxylation decomposition treatment. In addition, as the processing target, similar to the embodiment in FIG. 1, it is possible to process waste such as an organic substance such as plastic, which is mixed with iron, non-ferrous metal, and covered electric wire.
【００３１】処理の方法を以下に説明する。はじめに、
処理対象物１を破砕手段４８に導入して破砕し、次い
で、磁力選別手段２１によって鉄４を回収除去し、渦電
流選別手段２２によって非鉄金属片５を回収除去する。
この段階で、対象物は、プラスチック等の有機物質と、
被覆材をつけたままの電線類などが混合した状態となっ
ている。続いて、対象物を第１冷却手段３１に導入して
温度−３０〜−１０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却し、物質に
よる低温脆化温度の違いを利用して、処理対象１のうち
塩化ビニールのみを選択的に低温脆化させ、次いでこれ
を第１粉砕手段４１に導入することによって、処理対象
物１のうち塩化ビニールを選択的に比較的小粒径に粉砕
し、粉砕物を所定の目開きを持つ第１篩い５１にかける
ことにより、小粒径に粉砕された塩化ビニールを篩い下
に通過させて分離する。また、篩い分けで篩い上に残っ
た処理対象物については、温度だけを変えて上記と同様
に、第２冷却手段３２に導入して温度−５０〜−３０℃
の範囲内の温度に冷却し、物質による低温脆化温度の違
いを利用して、処理対象１のうちプラスチックなどの有
機物等を選択的に低温脆化させ、次いでこれを第２粉砕
手段４２に導入して、処理対象物のうち、特にプラスチ
ックなどの有機物等を選択的に小粒径に粉砕する。この
段階で、粉砕物の構成は、おもに比較的小粒径に粉砕さ
れたプラスチックなどの有機物等と、被覆が剥離された
銅線類とになっている。また、はじめに処理対象物１中
に含まれていた被覆電線等の被覆材については、材質が
塩化ビニールの場合は、すでに第１段階での−３０〜−
１０℃の温度範囲への冷却・粉砕・篩い分けによって、
電線の芯材である銅線等から剥離・分離されており、同
様に、材質がその他のプラスチック等の有機物の場合
は、第２段階での−５０〜−３０℃の温度範囲への冷却
・粉砕によって比較的小粒径に粉砕され、芯材である銅
線と剥離している。したがって、粉砕物を所定の目開き
の第２篩い５２にかけることによって、比較的小粒径に
粉砕されたプラスチック等を篩い下に通し、被覆を剥離
した銅線類等６を篩い上に残して、分離することができ
る。そして、分離したプラスチック等を超臨界水酸化手
段６１に導入することによって酸化分解し、廃ガス７お
よび廃水８，残渣９を得る。The processing method will be described below. First,
The object 1 to be treated is introduced into the crushing means 48 to be crushed, and then the iron 4 is collected and removed by the magnetic force sorting means 21, and the non-ferrous metal piece 5 is collected and removed by the eddy current sorting means 22.
At this stage, the object is an organic substance such as plastic,
The electric wires and the like with the covering material attached are mixed. Subsequently, the object is introduced into the first cooling means 31 and cooled to a temperature within a range of -30 to -10 ° C, and the difference in the low-temperature embrittlement temperature depending on the substance is used to convert the target 1 By selectively emulsifying only vinyl at a low temperature and then introducing it into the first pulverizing means 41, vinyl chloride in the object to be treated 1 is selectively pulverized to a relatively small particle size, and the pulverized material is reduced to a predetermined size. By passing through a first sieve 51 having an opening of, vinyl chloride pulverized to a small particle size is passed under the sieve and separated. Further, as for the processing object remaining on the sieve by sieving, only the temperature is changed and the same is introduced into the second cooling means 32 in the same manner as described above, and the temperature is -50 to -30 ° C.
, And by using the difference in the low-temperature embrittlement temperature depending on the substance, an organic substance such as a plastic in the processing target 1 is selectively low-temperature embrittled. Introduced, in particular, organic substances such as plastics among the processing objects are selectively pulverized to a small particle size. At this stage, the composition of the pulverized material is mainly an organic substance such as plastic pulverized to a relatively small particle size and the like, and a copper wire whose coating is peeled off. In addition, as for the covering material such as the covered electric wire included in the object 1 to be treated at first, when the material is vinyl chloride, it is already -30 to-in the first stage.
By cooling, crushing and sieving to a temperature range of 10 ° C,
It is separated and separated from the copper wire, etc., which is the core material of the electric wire. Similarly, when the material is an organic substance such as other plastics, it is cooled to a temperature range of −50 to −30 ° C. in the second stage. It is pulverized to a relatively small particle size by pulverization and peeled off from the copper wire as the core material. Therefore, by passing the pulverized material through a second sieve 52 having a predetermined mesh size, plastics or the like pulverized to a relatively small particle size are passed under the sieve, and the copper wires or the like 6 whose coating has been peeled off are left on the sieve. And can be separated. Then, the separated plastics and the like are introduced into the supercritical water oxidation means 61 to be oxidatively decomposed to obtain waste gas 7, waste water 8, and residue 9.
【００３２】以上の本方法では、従来の金属選別方法を
活用して、これに本発明の方法を追設することで、処理
対象物について、鉄や非鉄金属等の有価金属を高効率に
分離し、従来は選別回収が困難であった電線を被覆材と
銅線に分離回収し、かつ、処理対象物中から腐食の原因
となる塩化ビニールを除去することによって、超臨界酸
化手段の反応容器の腐食を防止しつつ、有機物を高効率
に分解処理することができる。また、本方法では、予め
鉄や非鉄金属などの有価金属を分離したのち、プラスチ
ック等を冷却するので、例えば液体窒素を用いて冷却す
る場合、図１の実施例と比較して、少ない液体窒素量で
対象プラスチック類を効率的に冷却することができる。In the above method, the conventional metal sorting method is utilized, and the method of the present invention is additionally provided thereto, so that valuable metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals can be efficiently separated from the object to be treated. However, by separating and collecting wires and copper wires, which were previously difficult to sort and recover, and removing vinyl chloride, which causes corrosion, from the objects to be treated, the reaction vessel of the supercritical oxidation means Organic substances can be decomposed with high efficiency while preventing corrosion of the organic matter. Further, in the present method, after separating valuable metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals in advance, the plastic or the like is cooled. Therefore, for example, when cooling using liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen is reduced as compared with the embodiment of FIG. The target plastics can be cooled efficiently by the amount.
【００３３】なお、ここでは、超臨界水酸化手段６１で
生成した残渣９を特に処理しない例を示したが、図１の
実施例と同様に、例えば第２冷却手段３２や第２粉砕手
段４２での処理で、処理対象物にガラスを添加した上で
処理しておいた上で、臨界水酸化手段６１で生成した残
渣９を水熱固化手段によって固化処理してもよい。ま
た、図１の実施例と同様に、空気分離手段を設けて空気
を液体窒素と酸素とに分離し、液体窒素を第一冷却手段
３１や第一冷却手段３２における対象物の冷却に利用
し、また、酸素を超臨界酸化手段６１における酸化剤と
して利用してもよい。Here, an example is shown in which the residue 9 generated by the supercritical water oxidation means 61 is not particularly treated. However, similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1, for example, the second cooling means 32 and the second pulverization means 42 are used. In the above process, the residue 9 generated by the critical water oxidation means 61 may be solidified by a hydrothermal solidification means after glass has been added to the object to be processed. Also, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, an air separating means is provided to separate air into liquid nitrogen and oxygen, and the liquid nitrogen is used for cooling the object in the first cooling means 31 and the first cooling means 32. Alternatively, oxygen may be used as an oxidizing agent in the supercritical oxidizing means 61.
【００３４】図３は本発明による処理方法の一実施例を
表すブロック図である。本方法は、従来の金属選別方法
や比重選別方法に、本発明の方法を追設した例であり、
構成は、処理対象物を破砕して磁力選別や渦電流選別に
よって鉄や非鉄金属片を分離回収する工程と、続いて、
対象物を比重選別手段によって塩化ビニールや被覆銅線
などの比較的比重の大きいものと、その他の比較的比重
の小さいプラスチックとに分離する工程と、分離した塩
化ビニールや電線などを低温で粉砕して被覆を剥離さ
せ、篩い分けて銅線を選別する工程と、比重選別手段で
分離したプラスチック等を低温で粉砕して超臨界水酸分
解処理する工程からなる。また、処理対象は、図１の実
施例と同様の、プラスチックなどの有機物と、鉄や非鉄
金属，被覆電線等が混在している廃棄物等を処理するこ
とができる。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the processing method according to the present invention. This method is an example in which the method of the present invention is added to a conventional metal sorting method or a specific gravity sorting method,
The configuration consists of a step of crushing the object to be processed and separating and collecting ferrous and non-ferrous metal pieces by magnetic force sorting and eddy current sorting,
The process of separating the target object into relatively high specific gravity materials such as vinyl chloride or coated copper wire and other relatively low specific gravity plastics by means of specific gravity selection means, and pulverizing the separated vinyl chloride and electric wires at low temperature And separating the coating by sieving to separate the copper wire, and a step of pulverizing the plastic or the like separated by the specific gravity sorting means at a low temperature and subjecting it to a supercritical hydroxylic acid decomposition treatment. In addition, as the processing target, similar to the embodiment in FIG. 1, it is possible to process waste such as an organic substance such as plastic, which is mixed with iron, non-ferrous metal, and covered electric wire.
【００３５】処理の方法を以下に説明する。はじめに、
処理対象物１を破砕手段４８に導入して破砕し、次い
で、磁力選別手段２１によって鉄４を回収除去し、渦電
流選別手段２２によって非鉄金属片５を回収除去する。
この段階での処理対象物の主な構成は、比重の大きい順
に述べると、被覆材を付けたままの電線類と、比重が約
１.３ 以上で比較的重いポリ塩化ビニールのようにプラ
スチックと、その他の比較的比重の小さいプラスチック
等からなる。そこで、対象物を比重選別手段２４に導入
することによって、比重差によって、ポリ塩化ビニール
以外の比較的比重の小さいプラスチックと、ポリ塩化ビ
ニール３および被覆電線１４等とに分離することができ
る。比重選別手段２４は、例えば、水流中に対象物を供
給して、浮遊物と沈降物とに分けつつ、沈降物について
も比重差による沈降地点までの到達距離の違いによって
選別する方法などを用いるとよい。続いて、比重選別手
段２４で分離したポリ塩化ビニール以外のプラスチック
と、ポリ塩化ビニール３及び被覆電線１４の混合物を、
それぞれ以下のように処理する。まず、ポリ塩化ビニー
ル以外のプラスチックについては、はじめに、これを冷
却手段３４に導入して温度−５０〜−３０℃の範囲内の
温度に冷却して脆化させ、次いでこれを粉砕手段４４に
導入して粉砕し、粉砕物を超臨界水酸化手段６１に導入
して酸化分解し、廃ガス７および廃水８，残渣９を得
る。この超臨界水酸化で、比重選別手段２４で選別に使
用した水の廃水１３を導入するとよい。これによって、
従来の水を用いた比重選別方法で別途に排水処理工程が
必要であったのが不要となる。一方、比重選別手段２４
で分離したポリ塩化ビニール３及び被覆電線１４の混合
物については、これを冷却手段３５に導入して温度−５
０〜−３０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却し、物質による低温
脆化温度の違いを利用して、対象物のうち電線被覆材や
塩化ビニールなどのプラスチック等を選択的に低温脆化
させ、次いでこれを粉砕手段４５に導入して、電線被覆
材や塩化ビニールなどのプラスチック等を選択的に小粒
径に粉砕する。この段階で、粉砕物の構成は、おもに比
較的小粒径に粉砕された電線被覆材や塩化ビニールなど
のプラスチック等と、被覆が剥離された銅線類とになっ
ている。したがって、粉砕物を所定の目開きの篩い５５
にかけることによって、比較的小粒径に粉砕された電線
被覆材や塩化ビニールなどのプラスチック等を篩い下に
通し、被覆剥離された銅線類等６を篩い上に残して、分
離回収することができる。The processing method will be described below. First,
The object 1 to be treated is introduced into the crushing means 48 to be crushed, and then the iron 4 is collected and removed by the magnetic force sorting means 21, and the non-ferrous metal piece 5 is collected and removed by the eddy current sorting means 22.
The main components of the object to be treated at this stage are, in the order of the specific gravity, in order of the specific gravity, electric wires with the covering material attached and plastic such as relatively heavy PVC with specific gravity of about 1.3 or more. , And other plastics having a relatively small specific gravity. Then, by introducing the object into the specific gravity selection means 24, it is possible to separate the plastics having a relatively small specific gravity other than the polyvinyl chloride, the polyvinyl chloride 3, the coated electric wires 14 and the like by the specific gravity difference. The specific gravity selection means 24 uses, for example, a method of supplying an object in a water stream, separating the suspended matter and the sediment, and also sorting the sediment based on a difference in a reaching distance to a sedimentation point due to a difference in specific gravity. Good. Subsequently, a mixture of the plastic other than the polyvinyl chloride separated by the specific gravity sorting means 24, the polyvinyl chloride 3 and the coated electric wire 14,
Each is processed as follows. First, plastics other than polyvinyl chloride are first introduced into the cooling means 34 to be cooled to a temperature in the range of −50 to −30 ° C. to be embrittled, and then introduced into the pulverizing means 44. Then, the pulverized material is introduced into a supercritical water oxidation means 61 to be oxidatively decomposed to obtain a waste gas 7, a waste water 8, and a residue 9. In this supercritical water oxidation, wastewater 13 of water used for sorting by specific gravity sorting means 24 may be introduced. by this,
The need for a separate wastewater treatment step in the conventional specific gravity selection method using water is eliminated. On the other hand, specific gravity sorting means 24
The mixture of the polyvinyl chloride 3 and the insulated wire 14 separated by the above method is introduced into the cooling means 35 and cooled to a temperature of -5.
Cooling to a temperature in the range of 0 to -30 ° C, selectively utilizing the difference in low-temperature embrittlement temperature depending on the substance to selectively embrittle low-temperature embrittlement of wire covering materials and plastics such as vinyl chloride among objects, Next, this is introduced into the pulverizing means 45, and the electric wire covering material, plastic such as vinyl chloride or the like is selectively pulverized to a small particle size. At this stage, the composition of the pulverized material is mainly a wire covering material or a plastic such as vinyl chloride pulverized to a relatively small particle size, and a copper wire whose coating has been peeled off. Therefore, the pulverized material is passed through a sieve 55 having a predetermined aperture.
By passing the wire covering material or plastics such as vinyl chloride crushed to a relatively small particle size under a sieve, leaving the stripped copper wires 6 etc. on the sieve, and separating and collecting them. Can be.
【００３６】以上の本方法によっては、従来の金属選別
方法および比重選別方法を活用して、これに本発明の方
法を追設することで、処理対象物について、鉄や非鉄金
属等の有価金属を高効率に分離し、従来は選別回収が困
難であった電線を被覆材と銅線に分離回収し、かつ、処
理対象物中から腐食の原因となる塩化ビニールを除去す
ることによって、超臨界酸化手段の反応容器の腐食を防
止しつつ、有機物を高効率に分解処理することができ
る。また、本方法では、予め鉄や非鉄金属などの有価金
属を分離したのち、プラスチック等を冷却するので、例
えば液体窒素を用いて冷却する場合、図１の実施例と比
較して、少ない液体窒素量で対象プラスチック類を効率
的に冷却することができる。According to the above method, the conventional metal sorting method and the specific gravity sorting method are utilized, and the method of the present invention is additionally provided. High-efficiency separation, separating and recovering wires, which were previously difficult to sort and recover, into coatings and copper wires, and removing vinyl chloride, which causes corrosion, from the objects to be treated Organic substances can be decomposed with high efficiency while preventing corrosion of the reaction vessel of the oxidizing means. Further, in the present method, after separating valuable metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals in advance, the plastic or the like is cooled. Therefore, for example, when cooling using liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen is reduced as compared with the embodiment of FIG. The target plastics can be cooled efficiently by the amount.
【００３７】なお、ここでは、超臨界水酸化手段６１で
生成した残渣９を特に処理しない例を示したが、図１の
実施例と同様に、例えば粉砕手段４４の直前で、対象物
にガラスを添加した上で粉砕し、臨界水酸化手段６１で
生成した残渣９を水熱固化手段によって固化処理しても
よい。また、図１の実施例と同様に、空気分離手段を設
けて空気を液体窒素と酸素とに分離し、液体窒素を冷却
手段３４や冷却手段３５における対象物の冷却に利用
し、また、酸素を超臨界酸化手段６１における酸化剤と
して利用してもよい。また、ここでは、冷却手段３５で
の冷却温度を−５０〜−３０℃の範囲内の温度とした
が、これに限定する必要はなく、例えば電線類の被覆材
の大部分が塩化ビニール製であれば、冷却温度を−３０
〜−１０℃の範囲内の温度としても、塩化ビニールを選
択的に脆化させて粉砕して、電線を被覆材と銅線とに高
効率に分離することができる。Here, an example is shown in which the residue 9 generated by the supercritical water oxidation means 61 is not particularly treated. However, similarly to the embodiment of FIG. May be added and pulverized, and the residue 9 generated by the critical water oxidation means 61 may be solidified by a hydrothermal solidification means. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, an air separating means is provided to separate the air into liquid nitrogen and oxygen, and the liquid nitrogen is used for cooling the object in the cooling means 34 and the cooling means 35. May be used as an oxidizing agent in the supercritical oxidation means 61. Here, the cooling temperature in the cooling means 35 is set to a temperature in the range of −50 to −30 ° C., but it is not limited to this. For example, most of the covering material of the electric wires is made of vinyl chloride. If available, set the cooling temperature to -30
Even when the temperature is in the range of -10 ° C, vinyl chloride can be selectively embrittled and pulverized to separate the electric wire into the covering material and the copper wire with high efficiency.
【００３８】[0038]
【発明の効果】本発明は、プラスチックや、鉄，非鉄金
属，被覆電線などが混在している廃棄物等を対象とし
て、プラスチック等の有機物を高温水中での分解処理に
適した粒径になるように効率的に粉砕するとともに、こ
れを鉄や非鉄金属等の有価金属と高効率に分離すること
ができ、かつ、処理対象物中から腐食の原因となる塩化
ビニールを除去することにより、高温水中分解の反応容
器の腐食を防止しつつ、有機物を高効率に分解処理する
ことができる。また、従来は選別回収が困難であった電
線類を簡易に被覆材と銅線に分離回収することができ
る。さらに高温水中分解した残渣に対して、これを粉砕
してガラスと混練する等の前処理を行うことなく効率的
に水熱反応させて固化できる。Industrial Applicability The present invention has a particle size suitable for decomposing organic substances such as plastics in high-temperature water for wastes in which plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and coated electric wires are mixed. As well as efficiently separate it from valuable metals such as iron and non-ferrous metals, and by removing vinyl chloride, which causes corrosion, from the objects to be treated, Organic substances can be decomposed with high efficiency while preventing corrosion of a reaction vessel for underwater decomposition. Further, electric wires, which were conventionally difficult to sort and recover, can be easily separated and collected into a covering material and a copper wire. Further, the residue decomposed in high-temperature water can be efficiently hydrothermally reacted and solidified without performing pretreatment such as grinding and kneading with glass.
【図１】本発明の一実施例を表すブロック図。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第二実施例を表すブロック図。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の第三実施例を表すブロック図。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
１…処理対象物、２…ガラス、３…ポリ塩化ビニール、
４…鉄、５…非鉄金属片、６…銅線類、７…廃ガス、８
…廃水、９…残渣、１０…固化物、１１…液体窒素、１
２…酸素、１３…水、１６…窒素ガス、２１…磁力選別
手段、２２…渦電流選別手段、３１…第１冷却手段、３
２…第２冷却手段、４１…第１粉砕手段、４２…第２粉
砕手段、５１…第１篩い、５２…第２篩い、７０…水熱
固化手段、８０…空気分離手段。1 ... processing object, 2 ... glass, 3 ... polyvinyl chloride,
4: iron, 5: non-ferrous metal piece, 6: copper wire, 7: waste gas, 8
... Waste water, 9 ... Residue, 10 ... Solid matter, 11 ... Liquid nitrogen, 1
2 ... oxygen, 13 ... water, 16 ... nitrogen gas, 21 ... magnetic force sorting means, 22 ... eddy current sorting means, 31 ... first cooling means, 3
2 Second cooling means, 41 first crushing means, 42 second crushing means, 51 first sieve, 52 second sieve, 70 hydrothermal solidification means, 80 air separation means.
Claims (6)
いて、処理対象物を−５０〜−３０℃の範囲内の温度に
冷却して有機物質を選択的に脆化させて粉砕し、粉砕物
を所定の粒径を基準にして篩い分け、上記有機物質を篩
い通過物として金属片等と分離し、上記有機物質を高温
水中で分解することを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法。In a method for decomposing waste in high-temperature water, an object to be treated is cooled to a temperature within a range of -50 to -30 ° C to selectively embrittle organic substances and to pulverize the substance. What is claimed is: 1. A method for treating waste, comprising sieving a substance based on a predetermined particle size, separating said organic substance from a metal piece or the like as a passing substance, and decomposing said organic substance in high-temperature water.
−３０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却する前に、−１０〜−３
０℃の範囲内の温度に冷却して選択的に脆化させてから
破砕し、粉砕物を所定の粒径を基準にして篩い分けるこ
とによって、ハロゲン化合物を篩い通過物として分離除
去する廃棄物の処理方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the object to be processed is -50 to
Before cooling to a temperature in the range of -30 ° C, -10 to -3
Waste material that is cooled to a temperature in the range of 0 ° C. to selectively embrittle and then crushed, and that the crushed material is sieved based on a predetermined particle size to separate and remove halogen compounds as sieved products. Processing method.
素と酸素とに分離して、上記液体窒素を利用して対象物
を冷却してから粉砕し、また、篩い分けて分離した有機
物質を、上記酸素を利用して高温水中で酸化分解する廃
棄物の処理方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the air is rectified and separated into liquid nitrogen and oxygen, and the object is cooled using the liquid nitrogen and then pulverized and separated by sieving. A method for treating waste, wherein an organic substance is oxidatively decomposed in high-temperature water using the above oxygen.
収し、渦電流選別して非鉄金属を回収する方法におい
て、処理対象物を−５０〜−３０℃の範囲内の温度に冷
却して有機物質を選択的に脆化させて粉砕し、粉砕物を
所定の粒径を基準にして篩い分けることによって、電線
の被覆材を含む有機物質を篩い下に通過させて、金属片
から効率的に分離し、残った篩い上の物質から磁力選別
により鉄を回収し、渦電流選別により電線以外の非鉄金
属片を回収することによって、その残りを被覆材を除い
た被覆銅線や裸銅線など銅線類の銅として、高純度に回
収することを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法。4. A method for recovering iron by crushing an object and then sorting by magnetic force and recovering non-ferrous metal by eddy current sorting, wherein the object to be treated is brought to a temperature within the range of -50 to -30 ° C. By cooling, the organic substance is selectively embrittled and pulverized, and the pulverized material is sieved on the basis of a predetermined particle size, so that the organic substance including the covering material of the electric wire is passed under the sieve, and the metal pieces are sieved. From the remaining material on the sieve, magnetic iron is used to collect iron, and non-ferrous metal pieces other than electric wires are collected by eddy current screening, and the rest of the coated copper wire or wire is removed. A method for treating waste, comprising recovering high-purity copper as copper of a copper wire such as a bare copper wire.
別手段等によって、対象物を複数の構成材料に選別する
方法において、対象物を、水を用いて比重選別してポリ
塩化ビニールを除いてから、その残りを、上記比重選別
に用いた水とともに、温度約３００℃以上に昇温して酸
化または加水分解することを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方
法。5. A method for crushing an object and then sorting the object into a plurality of constituent materials by a specific gravity sorting means using water, etc. A method for treating waste, comprising removing vinyl, and then oxidizing or hydrolyzing the remainder, together with the water used for the specific gravity selection, to a temperature of about 300 ° C. or higher.
添加してから低温粉砕し、これを高温水中酸化した処理
物を固液分離して、分離した固体分を温度約３００〜３
５０℃に加熱して固形化する廃棄物の処理方法。6. A method according to claim 1, wherein glass is added to the object in advance, then ground at a low temperature, and the oxidized water is oxidized in high-temperature water, and the treated material is subjected to solid-liquid separation.
A method for treating waste solidified by heating to 50 ° C.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9031713A JPH10225675A (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1997-02-17 | Water product treating method |
| CN 98812444 CN1282466A (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1998-03-13 | Signal generating circuit, and transmitter, receiver and transmitting and receiving device using the circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9031713A JPH10225675A (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1997-02-17 | Water product treating method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10225675A true JPH10225675A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
Family
ID=12338716
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9031713A Pending JPH10225675A (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1997-02-17 | Water product treating method |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10225675A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1282466A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000153261A (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-06-06 | Miike Tekkosho:Kk | Method for increasing bulk density of waste plastic |
| JP2006187764A (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-07-20 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Material recycling method of waste optical fiber cable |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003283352A (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-03 | Sharp Corp | High frequency receiver |
-
1997
- 1997-02-17 JP JP9031713A patent/JPH10225675A/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-03-13 CN CN 98812444 patent/CN1282466A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000153261A (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-06-06 | Miike Tekkosho:Kk | Method for increasing bulk density of waste plastic |
| JP2006187764A (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-07-20 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | Material recycling method of waste optical fiber cable |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1282466A (en) | 2001-01-31 |
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