JPH10189022A - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10189022A JPH10189022A JP8349408A JP34940896A JPH10189022A JP H10189022 A JPH10189022 A JP H10189022A JP 8349408 A JP8349408 A JP 8349408A JP 34940896 A JP34940896 A JP 34940896A JP H10189022 A JPH10189022 A JP H10189022A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- dimethyl ether
- supplied
- gas
- reformer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、燃料電池、特にジ
メチルエーテルを用いた燃料電池に関する。The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a fuel cell using dimethyl ether.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】燃料電池による発電は、低公害・低騒音
でエネルギーロスが少なく、設置条件や操作性などの面
でも有利なことから、近年注目を集めている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, power generation by a fuel cell has attracted attention because it has low pollution, low noise, low energy loss, and is advantageous in terms of installation conditions and operability.
【０００３】燃料電池は、原理的には燃料ガスである水
素のもつ化学エネルギーを直接電気エネルギーに変換す
るエネルギー変換装置であるため、水素の安定した大量
供給が必要となる。水素の大量供給は、例えば特開平７
ー４８１０１号公報に記載されているように、メタンま
たは天然ガス、プロパン、ブタンまたは石油ガス、ナフ
サ、灯油、軽油、合成石油などの炭化水素や水素を主成
分とする都市ガス、メタノールなどを原燃料として用
い、これをリフォーマー（改質器）により水素と炭酸ガ
スあるいは一酸化炭素に改質後、行われている。[0003] A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that in principle converts the chemical energy of hydrogen, which is a fuel gas, directly into electric energy, and therefore requires a stable and large supply of hydrogen. Mass supply of hydrogen is described in, for example,
As described in Japanese Patent No. 48101, hydrocarbon gas such as methane or natural gas, propane, butane or petroleum gas, naphtha, kerosene, light oil, synthetic petroleum, etc. It is used as a fuel and reformed into hydrogen and carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide by a reformer (reformer).
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】こうした原燃料を、電
気自動車のポータブル電源用や都市ガスを利用できない
遠隔地の発電プラント用燃料電池に用いる場合は、運
搬、貯蔵場所、安全性などの面から液体、あるいは簡単
に液化できるプロパン、ブタン、ナフサ、灯油、軽油、
合成石油、メタノールなどが好ましい。しかし、プロパ
ン、ブタン、ナフサ、灯油、軽油、合成石油などの重質
炭化水素を用いた場合は、改質時に触媒表面上にカーボ
ン析出が生じるためリフォーマーの条件設定を注意深く
制御しないと改質効率の低下を招くという問題がある。
酸素を含むメタノールには、カーボン析出の問題はない
が、改質過程で腐食性の強いぎ酸が生じるため改質器の
腐食が問題となる。When such a raw fuel is used for a portable power source of an electric vehicle or a fuel cell for a power plant in a remote place where city gas cannot be used, transportation, storage place, safety and the like are considered. Liquid or easily liquefiable propane, butane, naphtha, kerosene, light oil,
Preferred are synthetic petroleum, methanol and the like. However, when heavy hydrocarbons such as propane, butane, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, and synthetic petroleum are used, carbon precipitation occurs on the catalyst surface during reforming, so reforming conditions must be carefully controlled unless reformer conditions are carefully controlled. There is a problem that causes a decrease in
Methanol containing oxygen does not have the problem of carbon deposition, but it causes corrosion of the reformer due to the generation of highly corrosive formic acid in the reforming process.
【０００５】一方、低品位炭から灰分、イオウを含まな
いクリーンでハンドリング性のよいジメチルエーテルを
大量、安価に合成し燃料に利用しようという国家的なプ
ロジェクトが計画されている。ジメチルエーテルは数気
圧に加圧すると容易に液化するため、運搬、貯蔵場所、
安全性などの面からも、環境保全の面からも、燃料電池
などの新規用途への利用が期待される。On the other hand, a national project is planned to synthesize dimethyl ether, which is clean and easy to handle, containing no ash or sulfur from low-grade coal in large quantities at low cost and uses it as fuel. Dimethyl ether is easily liquefied when pressurized to a few atmospheres.
It is expected to be used in new applications such as fuel cells from the viewpoint of safety and environmental protection.
【０００６】しかしながら、これまでジメチルエーテル
を燃料電池に適用した例は開示されていない。[0006] However, no example in which dimethyl ether is applied to a fuel cell has been disclosed.
【０００７】本発明はこのような課題を解決するために
なされたもので、ジメチルエーテルを用いた燃料電池を
提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell using dimethyl ether.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題は、ジメチルエ
ーテルを原燃料として用いることを特徴とする燃料電池
により解決される。The above object is achieved by a fuel cell using dimethyl ether as a raw fuel.
【０００９】本発明者等は、ジメチルエーテルが、通常
の燃料電池用原燃料を燃料ガスに改質するリフォーマー
により、燃料ガスとして問題なく改質できるかどうかを
検討した。The present inventors have examined whether dimethyl ether can be reformed as a fuel gas without any problem by using a reformer that reforms a raw fuel for a normal fuel cell into a fuel gas.
【００１０】表１に改質後のガス組成を天然ガス（メタ
ン）の場合と比較して示す。ジメチルエーテルを通常の
リフォーマーにより改質しても、天然ガスと同様に、水
素、一酸化炭素、水蒸気に改質できることがわかる。Table 1 shows the gas composition after reforming in comparison with the case of natural gas (methane). It can be seen that dimethyl ether can be reformed to hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and water vapor in the same manner as natural gas, even if reformed with a normal reformer.
【００１１】したがって、ジメチルエーテルは燃料電池
の原燃料として問題なく利用できる。Therefore, dimethyl ether can be used as a raw fuel for a fuel cell without any problem.
【００１２】[0012]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１３】また、固体電解質型燃料電池の場合は、そ
の運転温度が約１０００℃と高いため、メタンと水蒸気
をリフォーマーを通さずに燃料ガスとして直接燃料極
（アノード）に供給して、電池内で改質して固体電解質
型燃料電池の低コスト化を図る技術が既に知られている
が、ジメチルエーテルと水蒸気を含む混合ガスを燃料ガ
スとして直接供給しても、問題なく発電が可能であっ
た。In the case of a solid oxide fuel cell, the operating temperature is as high as about 1000 ° C., so that methane and water vapor are supplied directly to the fuel electrode (anode) as fuel gas without passing through a reformer, and A technology for reducing the cost of a solid oxide fuel cell by reforming with a fuel cell is already known. However, even if a mixed gas containing dimethyl ether and water vapor was directly supplied as a fuel gas, power generation was possible without any problem. .
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】図１に、本発明の１実施の形態で
あるリフォーマーを備えた燃料電池の構成図を示す。図
で、１は燃料電池、３は空気、４はジメチルエーテル、
５は水蒸気、６はリフォーマーを表す。FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of a fuel cell having a reformer according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a fuel cell, 3 is air, 4 is dimethyl ether,
5 represents steam and 6 represents a reformer.
【００１５】ジメチルエーテル４を原燃料として用い、
水蒸気５とともにリフォーマー６へ供給し水素と一酸化
炭素あるいは二酸化炭素に改質後、燃料電池１のアノー
ドへ、また、酸化剤ガスである空気３を燃料電池１のカ
ソードへ供給することにより、発電が可能となる。Using dimethyl ether 4 as a raw fuel,
The power is supplied to the reformer 6 together with the water vapor 5 and reformed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, and then supplied to the anode of the fuel cell 1 and the air 3 as the oxidizing gas to the cathode of the fuel cell 1 to generate power. Becomes possible.
【００１６】図２に、本発明の１実施の形態である固体
電解質型燃料電池の構成図を示す。図で、２は固体電解
質型燃料電池を表し、図１と同じ符号は図１と同じもの
を表す。FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention. In the drawing, reference numeral 2 denotes a solid oxide fuel cell, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components as those in FIG.
【００１７】ジメチルエーテル４と水蒸気５を含む混合
ガスをリフォーマーを通さずに直接固体電解質型燃料電
池２のアノードへ供給すると、１０００℃近くの高温で
触媒作用を有する電極材料と接触するため、ジメチルエ
ーテル４はアノードで水素と一酸化炭素あるいは二酸化
炭素などに改質されるため、酸化剤ガスである空気３を
固体電解質型燃料電池２のカソードへ供給すれば、発電
が可能となる。When a mixed gas containing dimethyl ether 4 and water vapor 5 is supplied directly to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 2 without passing through a reformer, the mixed gas comes into contact with an electrode material having a catalytic action at a high temperature near 1000 ° C. Is reformed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide at the anode, so that if the air 3 as the oxidizing gas is supplied to the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 2, power generation becomes possible.
【００１８】ジメチルエーテル４と水蒸気５を含む混合
ガスには、アルゴンなどの不活性ガスが含まれても問題
ない。There is no problem if the mixed gas containing dimethyl ether 4 and water vapor 5 contains an inert gas such as argon.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】多孔質のランタンカルシウムマンガナイトＬ
ａ0.75Ｃａ0.25ＭｎＯ3 からなるカソード基板を用い、
その基板上に安定化ジルコニア８ｍｏｌ％Ｙ2 Ｏ3 ーＺ
ｒＯ2 の固体電解質膜を形成し、その電解質膜上に白金
のアノードを設けた固体電解質型燃料電池を１０００℃
で運転させ、アノード電極に直接４．７％ジメチルエー
テル、２．６％水蒸気、残りＡｒガスの混合ガスを、ま
た、カソード電極には酸化剤ガスである酸素を供給し
て、両極をガルバノスタットを介して連結し、発電特性
を調査した。比較として、アノード電極に混合ガスの代
わりに通常行われている水素を供給した場合の発電特性
も調査した。EXAMPLE Porous lanthanum calcium manganite L
a 0.75 Ca 0.25 Using a cathode substrate made of MnO 3 ,
On the substrate, stabilized zirconia 8 mol% Y 2 O 3 -Z
A solid electrolyte fuel cell in which a solid electrolyte membrane of rO 2 is formed, and a platinum anode is provided on the electrolyte membrane, at 1000 ° C.
, And a mixed gas of 4.7% dimethyl ether, 2.6% water vapor and the remaining Ar gas is supplied directly to the anode electrode, and oxygen as an oxidizing gas is supplied to the cathode electrode, and galvanostat is applied to both electrodes. And the power generation characteristics were investigated. For comparison, the power generation characteristics when hydrogen, which is generally used instead of the mixed gas, was supplied to the anode electrode were also investigated.
【００２０】結果を図３に示す。なお、図中のＤＭＥは
ジメチルエーテルを表す。ジメチルエーテルと水蒸気を
アノード電極に直接供給しても、水素の場合よりは発電
効率が若干劣るが、固体電解質型燃料電池として問題な
い程度の発電が行われることがわかる。また、電極の変
質などの問題もほとんどなかった。FIG. 3 shows the results. DME in the figure represents dimethyl ether. Even if dimethyl ether and water vapor are directly supplied to the anode electrode, the power generation efficiency is slightly inferior to the case of hydrogen, but it is understood that power generation is performed to the extent that there is no problem as a solid oxide fuel cell. Also, there was almost no problem such as deterioration of the electrodes.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】本発明は以上説明したように構成されて
いるので、ジメチルエーテルを用いた燃料電池を提供で
きる。The present invention is configured as described above, so that a fuel cell using dimethyl ether can be provided.
【００２２】ジメチルエーテルは容易に液化できるため
運搬、貯蔵が容易であり、しかもクリーンな燃料なの
で、それを用いた燃料電池は電気自動車のポータブル電
源や都市ガスを利用できない遠隔地の発電プラントなど
に特に有効である。Since dimethyl ether can be easily liquefied, it can be easily transported and stored, and is a clean fuel. Therefore, a fuel cell using the dimethyl ether is particularly suitable for a portable power source of an electric vehicle or a remote power plant where city gas cannot be used. It is valid.
【図１】本発明の１実施の形態であるリフォーマーを備
えた燃料電池の構成図である。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell including a reformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の１実施の形態である固体電解質型燃料
電池の構成図である。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】ジメチルエーテルを用いた固体電解質型燃料電
池の発電特性を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing power generation characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell using dimethyl ether.
１ 燃料電池 ２ 固体電解質型燃料電池 ３ 空気 ４ ジメチルエーテル ５ 水蒸気 ６ リフォーマー DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuel cell 2 Solid oxide fuel cell 3 Air 4 Dimethyl ether 5 Water vapor 6 Reformer
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 水口 雅嗣 東京都千代田区丸の内一丁目１番２号 日 本鋼管株式会社内Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Masatsugu Mizuguchi 1-2-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nihon Kokan Co., Ltd.
Claims (2)
ことを特徴とする燃料電池。1. A fuel cell using dimethyl ether as a raw fuel.
スを燃料ガスとして用いることを特徴とする固体電解質
型燃料電池。2. A solid oxide fuel cell using a mixed gas containing dimethyl ether and water vapor as a fuel gas.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8349408A JPH10189022A (en) | 1996-12-27 | 1996-12-27 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8349408A JPH10189022A (en) | 1996-12-27 | 1996-12-27 | Fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10189022A true JPH10189022A (en) | 1998-07-21 |
Family
ID=18403553
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8349408A Pending JPH10189022A (en) | 1996-12-27 | 1996-12-27 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10189022A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999017875A1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-15 | Nkk Corporation | Catalyst for producing hydrogen or synthesis gas and method of producing hydrogen or synthesis gas |
| WO1999044253A1 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-09-02 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Direct dimethyl ether fuel cells |
| WO2002000814A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-03 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Fuel for fuel cell system |
| US6777116B1 (en) | 1998-02-25 | 2004-08-17 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Direct dimethyl ether fuel cells |
| JP2005174704A (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-30 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Reformer for fuel cell, fuel cell and method of operating fuel cell |
| JP2011100698A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-19 | Itochu Ceratech Corp | Electric moving body equipped with secondary battery and solid oxide fuel cell |
-
1996
- 1996-12-27 JP JP8349408A patent/JPH10189022A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999017875A1 (en) * | 1997-10-07 | 1999-04-15 | Nkk Corporation | Catalyst for producing hydrogen or synthesis gas and method of producing hydrogen or synthesis gas |
| WO1999044253A1 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-09-02 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Direct dimethyl ether fuel cells |
| US6777116B1 (en) | 1998-02-25 | 2004-08-17 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Direct dimethyl ether fuel cells |
| WO2002000814A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-03 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Fuel for fuel cell system |
| JP2005174704A (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2005-06-30 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Reformer for fuel cell, fuel cell and method of operating fuel cell |
| US7482075B2 (en) | 2003-12-10 | 2009-01-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Reforming apparatus for fuel cell, fuel cell and operation method of fuel cell |
| JP4555961B2 (en) * | 2003-12-10 | 2010-10-06 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | FUEL CELL AND METHOD OF OPERATING FUEL CELL |
| JP2011100698A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-19 | Itochu Ceratech Corp | Electric moving body equipped with secondary battery and solid oxide fuel cell |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20040316 |