JPH10140275A - Composite material for brake disk for railway car - Google Patents
Composite material for brake disk for railway carInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10140275A JPH10140275A JP29655496A JP29655496A JPH10140275A JP H10140275 A JPH10140275 A JP H10140275A JP 29655496 A JP29655496 A JP 29655496A JP 29655496 A JP29655496 A JP 29655496A JP H10140275 A JPH10140275 A JP H10140275A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum alloy
- weight
- composite material
- ceramic particles
- brake disk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、鉄道車両に用いら
れる摩擦によって機械的に制動力を得るディスクブレー
キ用アルミニウム合金複合材料に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy composite material for a disc brake, which mechanically obtains a braking force by friction used in a railway vehicle.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】鉄道車両や自動車および自動二輪車など
の機械的制動方式には、ブロックブレーキ、ドラムブレ
ーキおよびディスクブレーキなどがあり、近年は車両の
高速化や大積載化に伴い、ディスクブレーキが多用され
るようになってきた。このディスクブレーキとは、ブレ
ーキディスクとブレーキライニング（摩擦材）との摩擦
によって制動力を得る装置で、鉄道車両の場合を例にあ
げれば、ドーナツ形の円盤状の摺動面と、その摺動面を
後背部で支持し車輪などの回転部分に取りつける基部と
によって構成され、走行時回転している摺動面にブレー
キライニングを押し付けることにより制動力を得る。こ
の摺動面を有する円盤形状の部品をブレーキディスクと
称する。2. Description of the Related Art Mechanical braking systems for railway vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, and the like include block brakes, drum brakes, and disk brakes. It has come to be. This disc brake is a device that obtains a braking force by friction between a brake disc and a brake lining (friction material). For example, in the case of a railway vehicle, a donut-shaped disk-shaped sliding surface and its sliding surface are used. A base is mounted on a rotating part such as a wheel while supporting the surface at a rear portion, and a braking force is obtained by pressing a brake lining against a sliding surface that is rotating during traveling. A disc-shaped component having this sliding surface is called a brake disc.
【０００３】ブレーキディスクに用いられる材料は、制
動時の摩擦による摩耗と、急激な温度上昇があるため、
耐摩耗性、耐熱性、耐熱亀裂性が要求される。この熱亀
裂とは、制動ごとに生ずる熱応力の繰り返しのために発
生する熱疲労亀裂のことである。[0003] The material used for the brake disk has abrasion due to friction during braking and a sharp temperature rise.
Abrasion resistance, heat resistance, and heat crack resistance are required. The thermal crack is a thermal fatigue crack generated due to repetition of thermal stress generated at each braking.
【０００４】従来、このブレーキディスクには鋳鉄、鍛
鋼、ステンレス鋼などの一体ものが使用されてきた。し
かしながら、車両の高速化、地球環境保護のための省エ
ネルギー対策としての軽量化、バネ下重量低減による乗
り心地改善、等の要求からブレーキディスクにもアルミ
ニウムやアルミニウム合金を使う動向が見られようにな
ってきた。アルミニウムやアルミニウム合金は、鋳鉄や
鍛鋼に比して、耐摩耗性、耐熱性、耐熱亀裂性のいずれ
をとっても劣るが、熱伝導度が良好なため発生した摩擦
熱が速やかに放散するので、摺動面の温度上昇を鋼製の
ブレーキディスクよりはるかに低く抑えることが可能で
ある。このため、耐熱性や耐熱亀裂性は、材料強度から
推測されるほどには低下しない。しかし、強度が低いの
で耐摩耗性は大幅に劣り、アルミニウムやアルミニウム
合金そのものをブレーキディスクに適用することは困難
であるとされてきた。Heretofore, an integral brake disc such as cast iron, forged steel or stainless steel has been used. However, due to demands for higher speed of vehicles, weight reduction as an energy saving measure to protect the global environment, and improvement of ride comfort by reducing unsprung weight, there has been a trend to use aluminum and aluminum alloy for brake discs. Have been. Aluminum and aluminum alloys are inferior in any of wear resistance, heat resistance, and heat cracking resistance to cast iron and forged steel.However, since the frictional heat generated is quickly dissipated due to good thermal conductivity, It is possible to keep the temperature rise of the running surface much lower than the steel brake disc. Therefore, the heat resistance and the heat crack resistance do not decrease as much as estimated from the material strength. However, since the strength is low, the wear resistance is significantly poor, and it has been said that it is difficult to apply aluminum or an aluminum alloy itself to a brake disc.
【０００５】このようにアルミニウムが良好な熱伝導を
有し、かつ軽量であることを活かしたブレーキディスク
として、アルミニウム合金のディスクまたはドラムの摺
動面に、耐摩耗性のすぐれた 2〜4 ％Ｃ、10〜30％Ｃｒ
の鉄合金をプラズマ溶射や鋳ぐるみ法にて被覆させたブ
レーキ部材の発明が特開昭60-89558号公報に示されてい
る。しかしながらこの場合、被覆したＦｅ-Ｃ-Ｃｒ合金
層と基部のアルミニウム合金との弾性率や熱膨張係数の
違いから、繰り返し使用によってその境界面で剥離を生
じてくるという問題がある。[0005] As a brake disk utilizing aluminum having good heat conduction and light weight, a sliding surface of an aluminum alloy disk or drum has a high wear resistance of 2 to 4%. C, 10-30% Cr
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-89558 discloses an invention of a brake member in which the above-mentioned iron alloy is coated by a plasma spraying or cast-in method. However, in this case, there is a problem that peeling occurs at the boundary surface due to repeated use due to differences in the elastic modulus and the coefficient of thermal expansion between the coated Fe—C—Cr alloy layer and the base aluminum alloy.
【０００６】また、アルミニウムそのものの耐摩耗性を
向上させる方法として、特開昭59-173234号公報には、
自動車や二輪車用を対象に粒子状や繊維状のＡｌ2Ｏ
3 、ＳｉＣ、Ｓｉ3Ｎ4 等のセラミックスを分散させた
ブレーキロータ（ディスク）の発明が提示されている。
しかし、このような複合材料は、耐摩耗性にはすぐれて
いるが曲げ性や靱性は劣り、また高価である。さらに、
特開平8-176712号公報には、Ａｌ-Ｍｇ系アルミニウム
合金の鋳造材にセラミックス粒子を分散させたブレーキ
ディスクが、制動時にディスクが高温に曝されても耐え
得る材料として提案されている。そのほか同様な提案
が、特開平2-25538号公報、特開平3-47945号公報、特開
平4-173936号公報にみられる。As a method for improving the wear resistance of aluminum itself, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-173234 discloses a method.
Particulate or fibrous Al 2 O for automobiles and motorcycles
3 , an invention of a brake rotor (disk) in which ceramics such as SiC and Si 3 N 4 are dispersed has been proposed.
However, such composite materials are excellent in wear resistance, but inferior in bendability and toughness, and are expensive. further,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-176712 proposes a brake disk in which ceramic particles are dispersed in a cast material of an Al-Mg-based aluminum alloy, as a material that can withstand even if the disk is exposed to high temperatures during braking. Other similar proposals are found in JP-A-2-25538, JP-A-3-47945, and JP-A-4-173936.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記に提案されたブレ
ーキディスク用アルミニウム合金材料は、鋳造によって
製造されるものであり、高温強度に劣るという心配があ
る。The aluminum alloy material for a brake disc proposed above is manufactured by casting, and there is a concern that the high-temperature strength is inferior.
【０００８】本発明の目的は、高温強度、耐摩耗性、熱
間鍛造性および切削加工性などに優れた鉄道車両のブレ
ーキディスク用アルミニウム合金複合材料を提供するこ
とにある。An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy composite material for a brake disk of a railway vehicle which is excellent in high-temperature strength, abrasion resistance, hot forgeability and cutting workability.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、アルミニ
ウム合金複合材料の高温特性、耐摩耗性について研究を
重ね、アルミニウム合金マトリックス中にＡｌ-Ｆｅ金
属間化合物を析出させると高温特性が向上すること、お
よびセラミックス粒子を分散させると耐摩耗性が向上す
ることを見いだし、本発明を完成した。Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have studied the high-temperature characteristics and wear resistance of aluminum alloy composite materials, and have improved the high-temperature characteristics by precipitating an Al-Fe intermetallic compound in an aluminum alloy matrix. And that the wear resistance is improved by dispersing the ceramic particles, thereby completing the present invention.
【００１０】本発明の要旨は、次に示すブレーキディス
ク用複合材料にある。The gist of the present invention resides in the following composite material for a brake disc.
【００１１】Ｆｅを5.0〜10.0重量％と、Ｖ、Ｍｏ、Ｚ
ｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｒ、ＭｎおよびＮｉの中から選ばれた１種
以上を合計で0.2〜3.0重量％含有し、かつ平均粒径が５
μｍ以下のＡｌ-Ｆｅ系金属間化合物が析出したアルミ
ニウム合金マトリックスに、平均粒径が１〜20μｍのセ
ラミックス粒子が５〜30重量％分散している高温強度に
優れた鉄道車両ブレーキディスク用複合材料。When Fe is contained in an amount of 5.0 to 10.0% by weight, V, Mo, Z
at least one selected from the group consisting of r, Ti, Cr, Mn and Ni is contained in a total amount of 0.2 to 3.0% by weight, and the average particle size is 5%.
A composite material for railway vehicle brake discs with excellent high-temperature strength in which ceramic particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm are dispersed in an aluminum alloy matrix in which Al-Fe intermetallic compounds having a particle size of 1 μm or less are dispersed in an aluminum alloy matrix. .
【００１２】前記のセラミック粒子としては、たとえば
ＳｉＣ、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、ＡｌＮおよびＳｉ3Ｎ4の中から選ば
れた１種以上が使用できる。As the ceramic particles, for example, one or more selected from SiC, Al 2 O 3 , AlN and Si 3 N 4 can be used.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の複合材料におけるアルミ
ニウム合金成分の量を限定した理由について説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The reason why the amount of the aluminum alloy component in the composite material of the present invention is limited will be described.
【００１４】Ｆｅ：Ｆｅは、アルミニウムマトリックス
にＡｌ-Ｆｅ-Ｘ系金属間化合物を形成し、これらが微細
かつ多量に分散することによって、常温強度および高温
強度を高める効果がある。金属間化合物の平均粒径が５
μｍを超えると強度の向上効果がほとんどなくなる。Ｆ
ｅ含有量が5.0重量％未満では金属間化合物粒子の量が
不足して強度が十分でない。また、10.0重量％を超える
と強度を高める効果が飽和するとともに延性および靱性
が低下する。したがって、Ｆｅ含有量を5.0〜10.0重量
％とした。Fe: Fe forms an Al—Fe—X intermetallic compound in an aluminum matrix, and has the effect of increasing the room temperature strength and the high temperature strength by dispersing these finely and in large quantities. The average particle size of the intermetallic compound is 5
If it exceeds μm, the effect of improving the strength is hardly obtained. F
If the e content is less than 5.0% by weight, the strength is not sufficient because the amount of the intermetallic compound particles is insufficient. If it exceeds 10.0% by weight, the effect of increasing the strength is saturated, and the ductility and toughness are reduced. Therefore, the Fe content was set to 5.0 to 10.0% by weight.
【００１５】Ｖ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｚｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎおよび
Ｎｉ：Ｖ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｚｒ、Ｃｒ、ＭｎおよびＮｉ
は、Ａｌ-Ｆｅ-Ｘ系金属間化合物のＸ部と置換して、た
とえばＡｌ-Ｆｅ-Ｖ系金属間化合物を形成し、金属間化
合物の熱的安定性を高める。また、一部はＡｌ-Ｖ系金
属間化合物として分散する。この結果、強度、特に高温
強度を高める。これらの元素の含有量は、合計で0.2重
量％未満ではその効果がなく、3.0重量％を超えるとそ
れらの効果が飽和するとともに延性および靭性が低下す
る。したがって、これらの元素の含有量は、合計で0.2
〜3.0重量％とした。V, Ti, Mo, Zr, Cr, Mn and Ni: V, Ti, Mo, Zr, Cr, Mn and Ni
Replaces the X part of the Al-Fe-X-based intermetallic compound to form, for example, an Al-Fe-V-based intermetallic compound and enhances the thermal stability of the intermetallic compound. In addition, a part is dispersed as an Al-V intermetallic compound. As a result, the strength, particularly the high-temperature strength, is increased. If the total content of these elements is less than 0.2% by weight, the effect is not obtained, and if the content exceeds 3.0% by weight, the effects are saturated and ductility and toughness are reduced. Therefore, the content of these elements is 0.2
To 3.0% by weight.
【００１６】セラミックス粒子：セラミックス粒子は、
アルミニウム合金マトリックスに分散され、耐摩耗性を
向上させる。また、ＳｉＣおよびＡｌＮのセラミックス
粒子は、熱伝導（それぞれ120 W/mK、150 W/mKとアルミ
ニウム合金に近似している）を低下させずに耐摩耗性を
向上させる。セラミックス粒子としては、ビッカース硬
さが500以上であるセラミックス粒子であればよく、た
とえばＳｉＣ、Ａｌ2Ｏ3、ＡｌＮ、Ｓｉ3Ｎ4などの粒子
が用いられる。Ceramic particles: Ceramic particles are
Dispersed in aluminum alloy matrix to improve wear resistance. In addition, the ceramic particles of SiC and AlN improve the wear resistance without reducing the thermal conductivity (120 W / mK and 150 W / mK, respectively, which are close to those of aluminum alloy). As the ceramic particles, any ceramic particles having a Vickers hardness of 500 or more may be used, and for example, particles of SiC, Al 2 O 3 , AlN, Si 3 N 4 and the like are used.
【００１７】セラミック粒子の含有量は、5.0重量％未
満では耐摩耗性を向上させる効果が得られず、30.0重量
％を超えると材料の熱間鍛造性および機械加工性（切削
加工性）が劣化してブレーキディスクの製造が困難とな
る。したがって、セラミック粒子の含有量は、5.0〜30.
0重量％とした。If the content of the ceramic particles is less than 5.0% by weight, the effect of improving the wear resistance cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 30.0% by weight, the hot forgeability and machinability (cutting workability) of the material deteriorate. As a result, it becomes difficult to manufacture a brake disk. Therefore, the content of ceramic particles is from 5.0 to 30.
0% by weight.
【００１８】セラミックス粒子の平均粒径は、1.0μｍ
未満では粒子が凝集を起こし、耐摩耗性および靱性を低
下させる。また、20.0μｍを超えると材料の機械加工性
（切削加工性）を低下させる。したがって、セラミック
ス粒子の平均粒径は1.0〜20.0μｍとした。望ましくは
5.0μｍ未満である。The average particle size of the ceramic particles is 1.0 μm
If the amount is less than the above range, the particles will aggregate and reduce wear resistance and toughness. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20.0 μm, the machinability (cutting workability) of the material decreases. Therefore, the average particle size of the ceramic particles was set to 1.0 to 20.0 μm. Desirably
It is less than 5.0 μm.
【００１９】次ぎに、本発明のブレーキディスク用アル
ミニウム合金複合材の製造方法について説明する。Next, a method of manufacturing the aluminum alloy composite material for a brake disk according to the present invention will be described.
【００２０】本発明のブレーキディスク用アルミニウム
合金複合材は、公知の粉末冶金法またはスプレーフォー
ミング法によって製造され、Ａｌ-Ｆｅ金属間化合物を
微細に析出させ、セラミックス粒子を均一に分散させ
る。The aluminum alloy composite material for a brake disk of the present invention is produced by a known powder metallurgy method or spray forming method, in which Al-Fe intermetallic compound is finely precipitated and ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed.
【００２１】粉末冶金法は、所定の組成を有するアルミ
ニウム合金粉末と、セラミックス粒子を所望の割合で配
合し、十分に混合する。均一な混合状態を得るために
は、アルミニウム合金粉末は微細であることが望まし
く、通常100μｍ以下の粉末が使用される。次いで、混
合粉末を容器（缶ともいう）に充填し、混合粉末を400
〜500℃の温度に加熱しながら容器の内部を真空排気、
あるいは不活性ガスで置換して、アルミニウム合金粉末
およびセラミックス粒子の表面に吸着しているガスおよ
び水分を除去する脱ガス処理をおこなう。続いて、容器
内に充填されている上記の混合粉末を、容器とともにホ
ットプレスすることにより固化成形し、混合粉末を99％
以上の緻密度にする。固化成形後、そのままあるいは適
当な大きさに切断して、鍛造および機械加工（切削加
工）を行い、ブレーキディスクに仕上げる。In the powder metallurgy method, an aluminum alloy powder having a predetermined composition and ceramic particles are blended in a desired ratio and mixed well. In order to obtain a uniform mixed state, it is desirable that the aluminum alloy powder is fine, and a powder of 100 μm or less is usually used. Next, the mixed powder is filled in a container (also referred to as a can), and
Evacuate the inside of the container while heating to a temperature of ~ 500 ° C,
Alternatively, a degassing process is performed in which the gas and moisture adsorbed on the surfaces of the aluminum alloy powder and the ceramic particles are removed by replacing with an inert gas. Subsequently, the above mixed powder filled in the container is solidified and formed by hot pressing together with the container, and the mixed powder is reduced to 99%
The density should be as above. After solidification and molding, it is cut as it is or to an appropriate size, forged and machined (cut), and finished into a brake disk.
【００２２】スプレーフォーミング法は、所定の組成を
有するアルミニウム合金を溶製し、溶湯を流下させなが
ら窒素ガスを吹き付け液滴化し、溶湯を流下させる下方
に回転する円板を設け、その上に液滴を半凝固状態で堆
積させる。このとき、窒素ガス中にセラミックス粒子を
含ませ、アルミニウム合金と共に堆積させ、プレフォー
ムを製作する。In the spray forming method, an aluminum alloy having a predetermined composition is melted, nitrogen gas is sprayed while flowing the molten metal into droplets, and a downward rotating disk for flowing the molten metal is provided. Drops are deposited in a semi-solid state. At this time, ceramic particles are included in the nitrogen gas and deposited together with the aluminum alloy to produce a preform.
【００２３】本発明のアルミニウム合金複合材料とは、
上記固化後の成形体、鍛造後の成形体、機械加工後の成
形体など、製造の途中工程にある半製品および最終製品
を意味する。The aluminum alloy composite material of the present invention is:
Semi-finished products and final products in the middle of production, such as molded products after solidification, molded products after forging, and molded products after machining.
【００２４】[0024]
【実施例】表１に示すNo.1〜No.13およびNo.15〜No.22
のアルミニウム合金複合材料は、粉末冶金法により製作
した。すなわち、エアアトマイズ法によってアルミニウ
ム合金粉末を製造し、これを100μｍに分級した。これ
とＳｉＣ等のセラミックス粒子を強制撹拌羽根付きクロ
スロータリーミキサーによって15分間混合し、混合粉末
を外径90mm、高さ200mmの容器に充填した後、480℃の温
度で１時間真空脱ガス処理を施して封缶し、これを内径
90mmの閉塞金型に装填し、400℃の温度で、500Tonの押
圧力でホットプレス固化成形した。更に、400℃の温度
で一軸の自由鍛造によって固化成形体の高さが1/2にな
るまで鍛錬加工（鍛錬比2.0）を行い、試験体を製作し
た。なお、ＳｉＣ等のセラミックス粒子は市販のものを
使用したので、その「平均粒径」は、公称寸法を意味す
る。[Examples] No. 1 to No. 13 and No. 15 to No. 22 shown in Table 1
Was manufactured by powder metallurgy. That is, an aluminum alloy powder was manufactured by an air atomizing method, and this was classified into 100 μm. This and ceramic particles such as SiC are mixed by a cross rotary mixer with forced stirring blades for 15 minutes, and the mixed powder is filled in a container having an outer diameter of 90 mm and a height of 200 mm, and then subjected to vacuum degassing at a temperature of 480 ° C. for 1 hour. And sealed.
It was loaded into a 90 mm closed mold and solidified by hot pressing at a temperature of 400 ° C. and a pressing force of 500 Ton. Furthermore, a forging process (forging ratio: 2.0) was performed by uniaxial free forging at a temperature of 400 ° C. until the height of the solidified compact was reduced to half, thereby producing a test body. Since the ceramic particles such as SiC were commercially available, the “average particle size” means a nominal size.
【００２５】[0025]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２６】表１に示すNo.14のアルミニウム合金複合
材料は、スプレーフォーミング法によって作製した。す
なわち、所定成分のアルミニウム合金を溶製し、溶湯を
流下させながら窒素ガスを吹き付け液滴化し、溶湯を流
下させる下方に回転する円板を設け、その上に液滴を半
凝固状態で堆積させる。このとき、窒素ガス中にＳｉＣ
粒子を含ませ、アルミニウム合金と共に堆積させた。得
られたプリフォーム（堆積鋳造物）は、直径約180mm、
高さ約300mmであった。得られたプリフォームから直径1
00mm、高さ100mmの円柱を切り出し、400℃で一軸の自由
鍛造によって高さが1/2（50mm）になるまで鍛錬加工
（鍛錬比2.0）を行い、試験体を製作した。The aluminum alloy composite material of No. 14 shown in Table 1 was produced by a spray forming method. That is, a predetermined component of an aluminum alloy is melted, nitrogen gas is sprayed while flowing the molten metal to form droplets, and a downwardly rotating disk for flowing the molten metal is provided, and the droplets are deposited thereon in a semi-solid state. . At this time, SiC is contained in nitrogen gas.
The particles were included and deposited with the aluminum alloy. The obtained preform (deposited casting) has a diameter of about 180 mm,
The height was about 300 mm. Diameter 1 from the obtained preform
A cylinder having a height of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm was cut out, and forged at 400 ° C. by uniaxial free forging until the height became 1/2 (50 mm) (forging ratio: 2.0), thereby producing a test body.
【００２７】No.23およびNo.24のアルミニウム合金複合
材料は、従来公知のコンポキャスティング法によって製
造した。すなわち、所定の成分のアルミニウム合金が固
液共存状態となるようにNo.23材料では約730℃、No.24
材料では約615℃に保ち、撹拌しながらＳｉＣ粒子を添
加、混合し、内径150mm、深さ50mmの金型に鋳造した。
続いて、その鋳塊を400℃の温度で高さが40mmになるま
で鍛錬加工（鍛錬比1.25）を行い、試験体を製作した。The aluminum alloy composite materials of No. 23 and No. 24 were produced by a conventionally known compo-casting method. In other words, the No. 23 material is about 730 ° C. and the No. 24
The material was maintained at about 615 ° C., and the SiC particles were added and mixed with stirring, and cast into a mold having an inner diameter of 150 mm and a depth of 50 mm.
Subsequently, the ingot was forged at a temperature of 400 ° C. until the height became 40 mm (forging ratio: 1.25), thereby producing a test body.
【００２８】得られた試験体から、顕微鏡観察試片、引
張試験片、摩耗試験片を採取し試験に供した。From the obtained specimens, specimens observed under a microscope, tensile specimens, and abrasion specimens were collected and subjected to a test.
【００２９】Ａｌ-Ｆｅ系金属間化合物粒子の平均粒径
は、透過型電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ）の観察から求めた。The average particle diameter of the Al-Fe intermetallic compound particles was determined by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
【００３０】引張試験は、上記試験体からＪＩＳ ４号
引張試験片を製作し、常温および300℃の温度で行っ
た。In the tensile test, a JIS No. 4 tensile test piece was manufactured from the above test specimen, and was subjected to normal temperature and 300 ° C.
【００３１】摩耗試験は、ピン・ディスク式摩耗試験機
を使用し、ディスク側を本発明の複合材料（直径60m
m）、ピン側に市販の銅系ブレーキパッド材料（直径５m
m）を使用した。試験条件は、面圧を１MPa、摩擦速度:
５ｍ／ｓ、潤滑なし、摩擦時間10分間とした。摩耗量
は、ディスクの摩耗深さを表面あらさ計で測定した。そ
れらの試験結果を表２に示した。The abrasion test was performed using a pin-disk type abrasion tester, and the disk side of the composite material of the present invention (60 m in diameter) was used.
m), commercially available copper-based brake pad material (diameter 5m)
m) was used. The test conditions were as follows: surface pressure 1 MPa, friction speed:
5 m / s, no lubrication, friction time 10 minutes. The amount of abrasion was determined by measuring the abrasion depth of the disk with a surface roughness meter. Table 2 shows the test results.
【００３２】[0032]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３３】表１および表２から、本発明のNo.1〜No.1
4の材料は、本発明で定める成分範囲と、所定のセラミ
ックス粒子が存在するので、300℃における引張強さが2
10MPa以上、摩耗量が0.05mm以下と、引張性質および摩
耗特性に優れている。これらの材料は、粉末冶金法およ
びスプレーフォーミング法によって製造されたので、Ａ
ｌ-Ｆｅ系金属間化合物の平均粒径は0.2〜0.4μｍと微
細になり、特に高温引張特性に優れている。From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that No. 1 to No. 1 of the present invention.
Material No. 4 has a component range defined by the present invention and predetermined ceramic particles, so the tensile strength at 300 ° C. is 2
10MPa or more and wear amount of 0.05mm or less, it has excellent tensile properties and wear properties. Since these materials were manufactured by powder metallurgy and spray forming, A
The average particle size of the l-Fe intermetallic compound is as fine as 0.2 to 0.4 μm, and particularly excellent in high temperature tensile properties.
【００３４】これに対して比較例のNo.15の材料は、Ｓ
ｉＣの分散量が３重量％と少ないため、摩耗量が0.2mm
と多い。No.16の材料は、ＳｉＣの分散量が35重量％と
多いため、鍛錬加工時に割れが発生した。しかし、割れ
のない部分から試験片を切り出し試験した結果、引張り
伸びが300℃で９％と低い。No.17の材料は、ＳｉＣ粒子
の粒径が0.5μｍと小さく、ＳｉＣ粒子が凝集して均一
分散ができなかった。したがって、摩耗量が0.1mmと多
い。No.18の材料は、ＳｉＣ粒子の粒径が30μｍと大き
いため、切削加工性が悪い。しかし、摩耗量は0.05mm以
下と少ないが、ピン材の摩耗が多く、ブレーキ材として
適当ではない。On the other hand, the material of No. 15 of the comparative example is S
Since the dispersion of iC is as small as 3% by weight, the wear amount is 0.2 mm.
And many. The material of No. 16 had a large amount of SiC dispersion of 35% by weight, so that cracks occurred during forging. However, as a result of cutting out a test piece from a portion having no crack and performing a test, the tensile elongation at 300 ° C. is as low as 9%. In the material of No. 17, the particle size of the SiC particles was as small as 0.5 μm, and the SiC particles aggregated and could not be uniformly dispersed. Therefore, the wear amount is as large as 0.1 mm. The material of No. 18 has poor machinability because the SiC particles have a large particle size of 30 μm. However, although the amount of wear is as small as 0.05 mm or less, abrasion of the pin material is large and it is not suitable as a brake material.
【００３５】No.19の材料は、Ｆｅ含有量が4.0重量％と
少ないため、常温および300℃の引張強さが270MPaおよ
び197MPaと低い。No.20の材料、Ｆｅ含有量が12.0重量
％と多く、常温および300℃の伸びが５％および12％と
小さい。The material of No. 19 has a low Fe content of 4.0% by weight, and thus has a low tensile strength at room temperature and 300 ° C. of 270 MPa and 197 MPa. The material of No. 20 has a large Fe content of 12.0% by weight and a small elongation at room temperature and 300 ° C. of 5% and 12%.
【００３６】No.21の材料は、Ｆｅ以外の添加元素を含
有しないため、常温および300℃の引張強さが274MPaお
よび195MPaと低い。No.22の材料は、Ｚｒを1.0重量％、
Ｖを3.0重量％含有し、その合計含有量が3.0重量％を超
えるため、常温および300℃の引張り伸びが６％および1
2％と小さい。Since the material of No. 21 does not contain additional elements other than Fe, the tensile strength at room temperature and 300 ° C. is as low as 274 MPa and 195 MPa. The material of No. 22 contains 1.0% by weight of Zr,
V, 3.0% by weight, and the total content exceeds 3.0% by weight, so that the tensile elongation at room temperature and 300 ° C. is 6% and 1%.
As small as 2%.
【００３７】No.23の材料は、発明例のNo.2の材料をコ
ンポキャスティング法によって製造したものであり、Ａ
ｌ-Ｆｅ金属間化合物粒子の平均粒径が10μｍと大き
く、鍛錬加工時に割れが発生した。しかし、割れのない
部分から試験片を切り出し、試験を行った結果、常温お
よび300℃の引張強さは183MPaおよび107MPaと低く、伸
びも１％および４％と低い。No.24の材料は、ＪＩＳに5
083合金として規定されているＡｌ-Ｍｇ系アルミニウム
合金に、コンポキャスティング法によってＳｉＣ粉末を
分散させて製造した。したがって、Ａｌ-Ｆｅ金属間化
合物粒子が存在しないので、300℃における引張強さは1
17MPaと低い。The material No. 23 was produced by the compo-casting method from the material No. 2 of the invention.
The average particle size of the l-Fe intermetallic compound particles was as large as 10 μm, and cracks occurred during forging. However, a test piece was cut out from a portion having no crack, and as a result of the test, the tensile strength at room temperature and 300 ° C. was as low as 183 MPa and 107 MPa, and the elongation was as low as 1% and 4%. No. 24 material is JIS 5
It was manufactured by dispersing SiC powder in an Al—Mg-based aluminum alloy specified as an alloy 83 by a component casting method. Therefore, since no Al-Fe intermetallic compound particles are present, the tensile strength at 300 ° C is 1
17MPa and low.
【００３８】[0038]
【発明の効果】本発明によるアルミニウム複合材料は、
マトリックスのアルミニウム合金中にＡｌ-Ｆｅ金属間
化合物粒子を微細に析出させ、さらにセラミックス粒子
を分散させたものである。したがって、高温強度と耐摩
耗性にきわめて優れている。この複合材料を鉄道車両の
ブレーキディスクに使用すると、車両のバネ下重量の低
減を可能として、車両の高速化が可能となる。The aluminum composite material according to the present invention comprises:
This is one in which Al-Fe intermetallic compound particles are finely precipitated in an aluminum alloy of a matrix, and ceramic particles are further dispersed. Therefore, it is extremely excellent in high temperature strength and wear resistance. When this composite material is used for a brake disk of a railway vehicle, the unsprung weight of the vehicle can be reduced and the speed of the vehicle can be increased.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 古谷 精市 大阪府大阪市此花区島屋５丁目１番109号 住友金属工業株式会社関西製造所製鋼品事 業所内 (72)発明者 坂口 篤司 大阪府大阪市中央区北浜４丁目５番33号住 友金属工業株式会社内 (72)発明者 牧野 泰三 大阪府大阪市中央区北浜４丁目５番33号住 友金属工業株式会社内 (72)発明者 渋江 和久 東京都港区新橋五丁目11番３号住友軽金属 工業株式会社内 (72)発明者 大久保 喜正 東京都港区新橋五丁目11番３号住友軽金属 工業株式会社内 (72)発明者 江崎 宏樹 東京都港区新橋五丁目11番３号住友軽金属 工業株式会社内 (72)発明者 大福根 康夫 東京都港区新橋五丁目11番３号住友軽金属 工業株式会社内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor: Seiichi Furuya 5-1-1109, Shimaya, Konohana-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Kansai Works Steelworks (72) Inventor: Atsushi Sakaguchi Osaka 4-7-33 Kitahama, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. (72) Inventor Taizo Makino 4-53-3 Kitahama, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuhisa Shibue Sumitomo Light Metal Industry Co., Ltd. 5-1-1-3 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Yoshimasa Okubo Sumitomo Light Metal Industry Co., Ltd. 5-1-1-3 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Hiroki Ezaki Sumitomo Light Metal Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yasuo Daifuku 5-11-3 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo Sumitomo Light Metal Industrial Co., Ltd. House
Claims (2)
ｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｒ、ＭｎおよびＮｉの中から選ばれた１種
または２種以上を合計で0.2〜3.0重量％含有し、かつ平
均粒径が５μｍ以下のＡｌ-Ｆｅ系金属間化合物が析出
したアルミニウム合金マトリックスに、平均粒径が１〜
20μｍのセラミックス粒子が５〜30重量％分散している
ことを特徴とする高温強度に優れた鉄道車両ブレーキデ
ィスク用複合材料。1. An alloy containing 5.0 to 10.0% by weight of Fe and V, Mo, Z
Al-Fe intermetallic compounds containing one or more selected from r, Ti, Cr, Mn and Ni in a total amount of 0.2 to 3.0% by weight and having an average particle size of 5 μm or less were deposited. The average particle size is 1 to aluminum alloy matrix
A composite material for railway vehicle brake discs having excellent high-temperature strength, wherein ceramic particles of 20 μm are dispersed in 5 to 30% by weight.
ｌ2Ｏ3、ＡｌＮおよびＳｉ3Ｎ4の中から選ばれた１種ま
たは２種以上の粒子である請求項１に記載の鉄道車両ブ
レーキディスク用複合材料。2. The hard ceramic particles according to claim 1, wherein said hard ceramic particles are SiC, A
l 2 O 3, AlN and Si 3 N composite material for a railway vehicle brake disk according to claim 1 which is one or more particles selected from among 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29655496A JP4058769B2 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1996-11-08 | Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29655496A JP4058769B2 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1996-11-08 | Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10140275A true JPH10140275A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
| JP4058769B2 JP4058769B2 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
Family
ID=17835048
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29655496A Expired - Fee Related JP4058769B2 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1996-11-08 | Composite materials for railway vehicle brake discs |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2880086A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-30 | Renault Sas | Mechanical friction component, for use as brake or clutch discs or drums, notably for motor vehicles, incorporates a friction zone of an alloy of aluminium and iron and other chosen elements |
| CN100365314C (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2008-01-30 | 西安交通大学 | Aluminium-base friction material for brake disc of automobile and its prepn process |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102430756B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-01-23 | 太原理工大学 | Method for manufacturing IMC (Intermetallic Compound) silicon nitride ceramic-based composite brake pad |
-
1996
- 1996-11-08 JP JP29655496A patent/JP4058769B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2880086A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-06-30 | Renault Sas | Mechanical friction component, for use as brake or clutch discs or drums, notably for motor vehicles, incorporates a friction zone of an alloy of aluminium and iron and other chosen elements |
| CN100365314C (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2008-01-30 | 西安交通大学 | Aluminium-base friction material for brake disc of automobile and its prepn process |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4058769B2 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
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