JPH09325216A - Wide viewing angle polarizer plate - Google Patents
Wide viewing angle polarizer plateInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09325216A JPH09325216A JP8168506A JP16850696A JPH09325216A JP H09325216 A JPH09325216 A JP H09325216A JP 8168506 A JP8168506 A JP 8168506A JP 16850696 A JP16850696 A JP 16850696A JP H09325216 A JPH09325216 A JP H09325216A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- transparent protective
- film
- birefringence
- polarizing plate
- protective layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の技術分野】本発明は、良視認の視野角が広い液
晶表示装置を形成しうる広視野角偏光板に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a polarizing plate having a wide viewing angle which can form a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle with good visibility.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】低電圧、低消費電力でＩＣ回路と直結で
き、表示機能が多様で軽量性等に優れるなどの多くの特
長に着目されてワードプロセッサやパーソナルコンピュ
ータ等のＯＡ機器やテレビジョン、カーナビゲーション
モニタや航空機コックピット用モニタなどの種々の表示
手段として液晶表示装置が広く普及しているが、ＣＲＴ
に比べて良視認の視野角の狭さが指摘されて久しい。2. Description of the Related Art OA equipment such as a word processor and a personal computer, a television, a car, etc. are focused on many features such as low voltage, low power consumption, direct connection to an IC circuit, various display functions, and excellent lightness. Liquid crystal display devices are widely used as various display means such as navigation monitors and monitors for aircraft cockpits.
It has long been pointed out that the narrow viewing angle of good visibility is compared to.
【０００３】前記視野角の狭さは、液晶に特有の光学的
異方性が視認性の視野角特性に影響して、偏光板を介し
液晶セルに入射した直線偏光が楕円偏光化したり、方位
角が変化することに原因があると考えられている。すな
わち、液晶セルを透過した当該偏光状態の表示光をその
まま視認側の偏光板に入射させると、視野角（見る角
度）の増大に伴い透過率が低下して表示明度が不足した
り、階調が反転したり、着色化等の色変化を生じるなど
の視認性の低下を招くものと考えられている。[0003] The narrow viewing angle is such that the optical anisotropy peculiar to the liquid crystal affects the viewing angle characteristic of visibility, so that the linearly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal cell via the polarizing plate becomes elliptically polarized, It is thought that the cause is that the angle changes. That is, when the display light in the polarization state transmitted through the liquid crystal cell is directly incident on the polarizing plate on the viewing side, the transmittance decreases with an increase in the viewing angle (viewing angle), and the display brightness becomes insufficient. Is considered to cause a reduction in visibility such as inversion of the color or a color change such as coloring.
【０００４】従来、液晶表示装置の良視認領域の拡大方
法、すなわち視野角の拡大方法としては、位相差板を用
いる方法が知られており、その位相差板として種々のも
のが提案されている（特開平４−２２９８２８号公報、
特開平４−２５８９２３号公報、特開平６−７５１１６
公報、特開平６−１７４９２０公報、特開平６−２２２
２１３公報）。しかしながらいずれの場合にも、良視認
視野角の拡大性の点で改善効果に乏しく満足できるもの
ではなかった。Conventionally, a method using a phase difference plate has been known as a method for enlarging a good viewing area of a liquid crystal display device, that is, a method for enlarging a viewing angle, and various types of phase difference plates have been proposed. (JP-A-4-229828,
JP-A-4-258923, JP-A-6-75116
JP, JP-A-6-174920, JP-A-6-222
213 publication). However, in each case, the improvement effect was poor and the satisfactory viewing angle was not satisfactory.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明の技術的課題】本発明は、液晶セルに対して配置
する偏光フィルムを改善することにより、液晶表示装置
における良視認領域を拡大することを課題とする。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to improve a polarizing film arranged on a liquid crystal cell to expand a good visual recognition area in a liquid crystal display device.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題の解決手段】本発明は、偏光フィルムの両側に透
明保護層を有する偏光板からなり、その少なくとも片側
の透明保護層が面内位相差５０〜２００nmの複屈折性を
示すと共に、その透明保護層の遅相軸が前記偏光フィル
ムの透過軸と平行関係又は直交関係にあることを特徴と
する広視野角偏光板を提供するものである。The present invention comprises a polarizing plate having transparent protective layers on both sides of a polarizing film, at least one transparent protective layer of which exhibits birefringence with an in-plane retardation of 50 to 200 nm and is transparent. The invention provides a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate in which the slow axis of the protective layer is parallel or orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing film.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の効果】面内位相差が５０〜２００nmの複屈折性
を示す透明保護層を遅相軸が偏光フィルムの透過軸と平
行関係又は直交関係となるように配置することにより、
偏光フィルム面に垂直な正面方向では透明保護層による
位相差の影響を受けずに輝度やコントラストの低下を防
止でき、かつ斜め方向の視認に対しては液晶セルの複屈
折性による直線偏光の状態変化を補償して、着色化等の
色変化や階調反転がなくてコントラストや明るさに優れ
る良視認性の領域を拡大でき、視野角の広い液晶表示装
置を得ることができる。The transparent protective layer having birefringence with an in-plane retardation of 50 to 200 nm is arranged so that the slow axis is parallel or orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing film.
In the front direction perpendicular to the surface of the polarizing film, it is possible to prevent deterioration of brightness and contrast without being affected by the phase difference due to the transparent protective layer, and for oblique viewing, the state of linear polarization due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal cell. A liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle can be obtained by compensating for the change and expanding a region of good visibility which is excellent in contrast and brightness without color change such as coloring or gradation inversion.
【０００８】前記において、偏光状態の維持を目的とし
た複屈折防止タイプのトリアセテートフィルムからなる
透明保護層を設けた一般的な偏光板でも、５〜１０nm程
度の面内位相差がありそれがフィルム面の法線方向に対
し４５度傾斜した方向では１５〜３０nm程度の位相差と
なるため、図３に示した如く偏光フィルム単独の場合に
比べ、かかる透明保護層を設けることで光学特性が低下
する。従って本発明の如く透明保護層の面内位相差をさ
らに大きくすることで良視認性の視野角を拡大し得たこ
とは意外なことであった。In the above, even a general polarizing plate provided with a transparent protective layer made of a triacetate film of anti-birefringence type for the purpose of maintaining the polarization state has an in-plane retardation of about 5 to 10 nm. Since the phase difference is about 15 to 30 nm in the direction inclined by 45 degrees with respect to the normal direction of the surface, the optical characteristics are deteriorated by providing such a transparent protective layer as compared with the case of using only the polarizing film as shown in FIG. I do. Therefore, it was surprising that the viewing angle for good visibility could be expanded by further increasing the in-plane retardation of the transparent protective layer as in the present invention.
【０００９】すなわち図３では、ヨウ素吸着の延伸ポリ
ビニルアルコールフィルムからなる偏光フィルムの両側
にトリアセテートフィルムを設けた一般的な偏光板、及
び偏光フィルム単独物をクロスニコルに配置して、透過
軸から４５度の方位における入射角６０度での直交透過
率の分光スペクトルを示しているが、かかる図から明ら
かなように、偏光フィルム単独物ではその直交透過率が
約２％であるのに対し、透明保護層付の偏光板では約３
％となり、その直交透過率に約１％の差が生じている。That is, in FIG. 3, a general polarizing plate in which a triacetate film is provided on both sides of a polarizing film made of an iodine-absorbed stretched polyvinyl alcohol film, and a polarizing film alone are arranged in a crossed Nicols, and 45 ° from the transmission axis. The spectrum of the orthogonal transmittance at an incident angle of 60 degrees in the azimuth direction is shown. As is clear from this figure, the orthogonal transmittance of the polarizing film alone is about 2%, whereas the transparent film is transparent. Approx. 3 for polarizing plate with protective layer
%, And a difference of about 1% occurs in the orthogonal transmittance.
【００１０】偏光板の法線方向である正面方向、すなわ
ち透明保護層の面内位相差が現れる方向での直交透過率
は、いずれの場合も約０．０３％であることから、当該
約１％の差は本来クロスニコルで透過しないはずのもの
が透明保護層に基づく偏光状態の変化で透過した光であ
り、これは斜め方向では透明保護層による位相差の増大
で偏光状態の変化が多くなることを意味する。従って上
記した如く、透明保護層の面内位相差をより大きくした
本発明の構成で良視認性の視野角を拡大できたことは予
想外のことである。The orthogonal transmittance in the front direction which is the normal direction of the polarizing plate, that is, the direction in which the in-plane retardation of the transparent protective layer appears is about 0.03% in each case. The difference in% is the light that should not be transmitted by crossed Nicols but is transmitted by the change in the polarization state based on the transparent protective layer. In the oblique direction, the change in the polarization state is large due to the increase in the phase difference due to the transparent protective layer. It means becoming. Therefore, as described above, it is unexpected that the viewing angle of good visibility can be expanded by the configuration of the present invention in which the in-plane retardation of the transparent protective layer is made larger.
【００１１】さらに、偏光フィルム単独物の場合でも約
２％の直交透過率（光の抜け）を示して、これは偏光フ
ィルムに基づく偏光回転によるもので透明保護層による
ものではないが、本発明ではかかる偏光フィルムに基づ
く偏光回転による光の抜けも防止することができる。Further, even when the polarizing film is used alone, the cross transmittance (light leakage) of about 2% is exhibited. This is due to the polarization rotation based on the polarizing film and not due to the transparent protective layer. Thus, light leakage due to polarization rotation based on the polarizing film can be prevented.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施形態】本発明の広視野角偏光板は、偏光フ
ィルムの両側に透明保護層を有する偏光板からなり、そ
の少なくとも片側の透明保護層が面内位相差５０〜２０
０nmの複屈折性を示すと共に、その透明保護層の遅相軸
が前記偏光フィルムの透過軸と平行関係又は直交関係に
あるものである。その例を図１、図２に示した。１が複
屈折性を示す透明保護層、３が偏光フィルム、４が透明
保護層あり、矢印が透過軸、遅相軸の方向を表してい
る。なお２は、接着剤層である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention comprises a polarizing plate having transparent protective layers on both sides of a polarizing film, and at least one transparent protective layer has an in-plane retardation of 50 to 20.
The birefringence of 0 nm is exhibited, and the slow axis of the transparent protective layer is parallel or orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing film. Examples thereof are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Reference numeral 1 is a transparent protective layer showing birefringence, 3 is a polarizing film, 4 is a transparent protective layer, and arrows indicate the directions of the transmission axis and the slow axis. Reference numeral 2 denotes an adhesive layer.
【００１３】偏光フィルムとしては、所定の偏光状態の
光が得られる適宜なものを用いうる。就中、直線偏光状
態の透過光が得られるものが好ましい。その例として
は、ポリビニルアルコール系系フィルムや部分ホルマー
ル化ポリビニルアルコール系系フィルム、エチレン・酢
酸ビニル共重合体系部分ケン化フィルムの如き親水性高
分子フィルムにヨウ素及び／又は二色性染料を吸着させ
て延伸したもの、ポリビニルアルコール系の脱水処理物
やポリ塩化ビニルの脱塩酸処理物の如きポリエン配向フ
ィルムなどがあげられる。偏光度の高い直線偏光を得る
点などより特に好ましく用いうる偏光フィルムは、ヨウ
素吸着の延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムである。As the polarizing film, an appropriate film capable of obtaining light of a predetermined polarization state can be used. Above all, those capable of obtaining transmitted light in a linearly polarized state are preferable. For example, iodine and / or a dichroic dye is adsorbed on a hydrophilic polymer film such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based film, a partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol-based film, and an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified film. And polyene oriented films such as polyvinyl alcohol-based dehydration products and polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorination products. A polarizing film that can be particularly preferably used, for example, to obtain linearly polarized light having a high degree of polarization is an iodine-adsorbed stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film.
【００１４】偏光板は、偏光フィルムの両側に透明保護
層を設けたものであるが、その偏光板は反射層を有する
反射型のものであってもよい。反射型の偏光フィルム
は、視認側（表示側）からの入射光を反射させて表示す
るタイプの液晶表示装置などを形成するためのものであ
り、バックライト等の光源の内蔵を省略できて液晶表示
装置の薄型化をはかりやすいなどの利点を有している。The polarizing plate has a transparent protective layer provided on both sides of a polarizing film. The polarizing plate may be a reflection type having a reflection layer. The reflective polarizing film is used to form a liquid crystal display device or the like that reflects and reflects incident light from the viewing side (display side). It has advantages such as easy reduction in thickness of the display device.
【００１５】本発明による偏光板は、偏光フィルムの両
側に有する透明保護層の一方又は両方が面内位相差５０
〜２００nm、好ましくは１００〜１５０nmの複屈折性を
示すものである。その面内位相差が５０nm未満では視角
の変化に対する補償効果に乏しく、また２００nmを超え
ると複屈折率差の波長分散で着色化等の色変化を生じ
て、いずれの場合も良視認性視野角の拡大が困難であ
る。In the polarizing plate according to the present invention, one or both of the transparent protective layers provided on both sides of the polarizing film have an in-plane retardation of 50.
It has a birefringence of ˜200 nm, preferably 100-150 nm. If the in-plane retardation is less than 50 nm, the effect of compensating for a change in viewing angle is poor, and if it exceeds 200 nm, color dispersion such as coloring occurs due to wavelength dispersion of the birefringence difference. Is difficult to expand.
【００１６】複屈折性を示す透明保護層としては、複屈
折による位相差を示す適宜なものを用いうる。就中、光
透過性の適宜なフィルムを延伸処理等により複屈折性を
付与したものや、液晶ポリマーの配向膜、あるいは透明
基材の配向膜上等に液晶ポリマー等の異方性材料を配向
させたものなどが好ましく用いうる。特に、光透過率が
７０％以上、好ましくは８０％以上、より好ましくは８
５％以上の透光性に優れるフィルムに複屈折性を付与し
たものが好ましい。As the transparent protective layer having birefringence, an appropriate layer having a retardation due to birefringence can be used. In particular, an optically transparent film having birefringence imparted by stretching treatment or the like, or an alignment film of a liquid crystal polymer, or an anisotropic material such as a liquid crystal polymer on an alignment film of a transparent substrate. Those that have been made can be preferably used. In particular, the light transmittance is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 8%.
It is preferable to provide birefringence to a film having an excellent translucency of 5% or more.
【００１７】前記の透光性フィルムとしては、ポリカー
ボネートやポリアリレート、ポリスルホンやポリエチレ
ンテレフタレート、ポリエーテルスルホンやポリビニル
アルコール系、ポリエチレンないしポリプロピレンの如
きポリオレフィンやセルロース系ポリマー、ポリスチレ
ンやポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニルやポリ
塩化ビニリデン、ポリアミドなどからなるフィルムが特
に好ましい。Examples of the above-mentioned translucent film include polycarbonate, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, cellulosic polymers, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride. A film made of polyvinylidene chloride, polyamide, or the like is particularly preferable.
【００１８】透光性フィルムに複屈折性を付与する配向
処理は、例えば自由端又は固定端による一軸延伸処理や
二軸延伸処理などの適宜な方式で行うことができる。本
発明にては、厚さ方向に配向したフィルムや、その厚さ
方向の主屈折率の方向がフィルムの法線方向に対して傾
斜したものなども複屈折性を示す透明保護層の形成に用
いうる。さらに複屈折性を示す透明保護層は、２層以上
の位相差層の重畳層として形成されていてもよい。The orientation treatment for imparting birefringence to the translucent film can be carried out by an appropriate method such as a uniaxial stretching treatment with a free end or a fixed end or a biaxial stretching treatment. In the present invention, a film oriented in the thickness direction or a film in which the direction of the main refractive index in the thickness direction is inclined with respect to the normal direction of the film is also used for forming the transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence. Can be used. Furthermore, the transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence may be formed as a superposed layer of two or more retardation layers.
【００１９】好ましい複屈折性の透明保護層は、面内に
おける主屈折率をｎxとｎy、厚さ方向の屈折率をｎzと
したときに、ｎx＞ｎyの条件下、式：（ｎx−ｎz）／
（ｎx−ｎy）で定義されるＮzが−１〜３、就中０．２
〜２．５の範囲にあるものである。これにより、当該透
明保護層の遅相軸と偏光フィルムの透過軸とが平行関係
又は直交関係となるように配置した状態において、上記
の面内位相差に基づく作用と共に、視角が正面方向より
ズレた場合に遅相軸方向が変化して平行関係又は直交関
係にズレを生じ、そのズレ量に応じた当該透明保護層の
光学異方性が発現して遅相軸の変化量を制御でき、複屈
折性の発現量を調節することができる。A preferred transparent protective layer having birefringence is represented by the formula: n x > n y , where n x and n y are in-plane main refractive indices and n z is the thickness direction refractive index. : (n x -n z) /
(N x -n y) N z defined by the -1～3, especially 0.2
It is in the range of up to 2.5. With this, in a state where the slow axis of the transparent protective layer and the transmission axis of the polarizing film are arranged in a parallel relationship or an orthogonal relationship, the action based on the in-plane retardation and the viewing angle deviate from the front direction. If the direction of the slow axis changes to cause a shift in a parallel relationship or an orthogonal relationship, the optical anisotropy of the transparent protective layer according to the shift amount can be expressed to control the change amount of the slow axis, The expression amount of birefringence can be adjusted.
【００２０】すなわち前記は、複屈折性を示す透明保護
層の上記した面内位相差を前提に、当該Ｎzを最適化す
ることが良視認の視野角拡大に有利であることを意味
し、Ｎzが−１未満や３を超える値では視角による遅相
軸の変化が大きくなって補償できる視野角の範囲が狭く
なり、広視野角化が困難となる。なお前記の式における
各屈折率は、ナトリウムＤ線に基づく。また当該屈折率
を用いると面内位相差は、複屈折の屈折率差（△ｎ：ｎ
x−ｎy）と層厚（ｄ）の積（△ｎｄ）として表すことが
できる。That is, the above means that optimizing the N z on the premise of the above-mentioned in-plane retardation of the transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence is advantageous for widening the viewing angle for good visual recognition, When N z is less than −1 or more than 3, the change of the slow axis depending on the viewing angle becomes large and the range of the viewing angle that can be compensated becomes narrow, which makes it difficult to widen the viewing angle. Each refractive index in the above formula is based on the sodium D line. When the refractive index is used, the in-plane retardation is the difference in the birefringent refractive index (Δn: n
can be expressed as x -n y) and the product of the layer thickness (d) (△ nd).
【００２１】複屈折性を示す透明保護層の厚さは、前記
のように面内位相差と関係することから目的とする位相
差特性などにより適宜に決定することができる。一般に
は、５〜５００μm、就中１０〜３５０μm、特に２０〜
２００μmの厚さとされる。Since the thickness of the transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence is related to the in-plane retardation as described above, it can be appropriately determined according to the desired retardation characteristics and the like. Generally, 5 to 500 μm, especially 10 to 350 μm, especially 20 to
The thickness is 200 μm.
【００２２】一方、上記の複屈折性を示す透明保護層以
外の透明保護層は、プラスチックの塗布層や保護フィル
ムの積層物などとして適宜に形成してよく、その形成に
は透明性や機械的強度、熱安定性や水分遮蔽性等に優れ
るプラスチックなどが好ましく用いられる。その例とし
ては、ポリエステル系樹脂やアセテート系樹脂、ポリエ
ーテルサルホン系樹脂やポリカーボネート系樹脂、ポリ
アミド系樹脂やポリイミド系樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹
脂やアクリル系樹脂、あるいはアクリル系やウレタン
系、アクリルウレタン系やエポキシ系やシリコーン系等
の熱硬化型、ないし紫外線硬化型の樹脂などがあげられ
る。かかる透明保護層は、位相差が小さいほど好まし
く、微粒子の含有によりその表面が微細凹凸構造に形成
されていてもよい。On the other hand, the transparent protective layer other than the above-mentioned transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence may be appropriately formed as a plastic coating layer or a laminate of protective films, and the formation thereof may be transparent or mechanical. A plastic or the like which is excellent in strength, heat stability and moisture shielding property is preferably used. Examples include polyester resins, acetate resins, polyether sulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins and acrylic resins, acrylic resins, urethane resins, and acrylic urethane resins. Examples thereof include thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins and silicone resins, and ultraviolet curing resins. Such a transparent protective layer preferably has a smaller retardation, and the surface thereof may be formed in a fine uneven structure by containing fine particles.
【００２３】なお上記した反射型偏光板の形成は、偏光
板の片側の透明保護層に金属等からなる反射層を付設す
る方式などの適宜な方式で行うことができる。その具体
例としては、必要に応じマット処理した保護フィルム等
の透明保護層の片面に、アルミニウム等の反射性金属か
らなる箔や蒸着膜を付設したものや、前記透明保護層の
微粒子含有による表面微細凹凸構造の上に蒸着方式やメ
ッキ方式などの適宜な方式で金属反射層を付設したもの
などがあげられる。The above-mentioned reflective polarizing plate can be formed by an appropriate method such as a method of attaching a reflective layer made of metal or the like to the transparent protective layer on one side of the polarizing plate. Specific examples thereof include a transparent protective layer such as a protective film that has been subjected to a mat treatment as necessary, and a foil or a vapor-deposited film made of a reflective metal such as aluminum provided on one surface, or a surface containing fine particles of the transparent protective layer. An example in which a metal reflective layer is provided on a fine uneven structure by an appropriate method such as a vapor deposition method or a plating method is exemplified.
【００２４】本発明の広視野角偏光板は、液晶セルの複
屈折による視角特性の補償に好ましく用いうるが、その
形成は液晶表示装置の製造過程で透明保護層と偏光フィ
ルムを順次別個に積層する方式や、予め積層物としてそ
れを用いる方式などの適宜な方式で行うことができる。
後者の事前積層化方式が、品質の安定性や積層作業性等
に優れて液晶表示装置の製造効率を向上させうる利点な
どがある。The wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention can be preferably used for compensating the viewing angle characteristics due to the birefringence of a liquid crystal cell, but its formation is performed by laminating a transparent protective layer and a polarizing film separately in the manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device. It can be performed by an appropriate method such as a method of performing the above or a method of using it as a laminate in advance.
The latter pre-stacking method has advantages such as excellent quality stability and stacking workability, which can improve the manufacturing efficiency of the liquid crystal display device.
【００２５】偏光フィルムへの複屈折性を示す透明保護
層の積層配置等に際しては、その偏光フィルムの透過軸
と複屈折性を示す透明保護層の遅相軸とが平行関係又は
直交関係となるように行われるが、その平行関係又は直
交関係は厳密な意味での平行又は直交状態に限定され
ず、作業上の配置誤差などは許容される。また透過軸や
遅相軸の方向にバラツキがある場合などには全体として
の平均方向に基づいて平行関係又は直交関係に配置され
る。When the transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence is laminated on the polarizing film, the transmission axis of the polarizing film and the slow axis of the transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence are parallel or orthogonal to each other. However, the parallel relationship or the orthogonal relationship is not limited to the parallel or orthogonal state in the strict sense, and an arrangement error in work is allowed. When there is a variation in the direction of the transmission axis or the slow axis, for example, they are arranged in a parallel relationship or an orthogonal relationship based on the average direction as a whole.
【００２６】偏光フィルムと透明保護層の積層に際して
は、必要に応じ接着剤等を介して固定することができ
る。軸関係のズレ防止等の点よりは接着固定することが
好ましい。接着には、例えばアクリル系やシリコーン
系、ポリエステル系やポリウレタン系、ポリエーテル系
やゴム系等の透明な感圧接着剤などの適宜な接着剤を用
いることができ、その種類については特に限定はない。
光学特性の変化を防止する点などよりは、硬化や乾燥の
際に高温のプロセスを要しないものが好ましく、長時間
の硬化処理や乾燥時間を要しないものが望ましい。また
加熱や加湿条件下に剥離等を生じないものが好ましい。When laminating the polarizing film and the transparent protective layer, they can be fixed with an adhesive or the like if necessary. Adhesion and fixing are preferred from the viewpoint of preventing axial displacement. For the bonding, for example, an appropriate adhesive such as a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive such as an acrylic-based, silicone-based, polyester-based or polyurethane-based, polyether-based, or rubber-based adhesive can be used. Absent.
It is preferable that a high-temperature process is not required at the time of curing and drying, and that a long-time curing treatment and drying time are not required, rather than preventing a change in optical characteristics. Further, a material that does not cause peeling or the like under heating or humidifying conditions is preferable.
【００２７】かかる点より、（メタ）アクリル酸ブチル
や（メタ）アクリル酸メチル、（メタ）アクリル酸エチ
ルや（メタ）アクリル酸の如きモノマーを成分とする重
量平均分子量が１０万以上で、ガラス転移温度が０℃以
下のアクリル系ポリマーからなるアクリル系感圧接着剤
が特に好ましく用いうる。またアクリル系感圧接着剤
は、透明性や耐候性や耐熱性などに優れる点よりも好ま
しい。なお屈折率が異なるものを積層する場合には、反
射損の抑制などの点より中間の屈折率を有する接着剤等
が好ましく用いられる。From this point of view, a glass having a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 or more and containing a monomer such as butyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate or (meth) acrylic acid as a component, and a glass An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composed of an acrylic polymer having a transition temperature of 0 ° C. or lower can be particularly preferably used. Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives are more preferable than those having excellent transparency, weather resistance and heat resistance. When layers having different refractive indices are laminated, an adhesive or the like having an intermediate refractive index is preferably used from the viewpoint of suppressing reflection loss.
【００２８】接着剤には、必要に応じて例えば天然物や
合成物の樹脂類、ガラス繊維やガラスビーズ、金属粉や
その他の無機粉末等からなる充填剤や顔料、着色剤や酸
化防止剤などの適宜な添加剤を配合することもできる。
また微粒子を含有させて光拡散性を示す接着剤層とする
こともできる。As the adhesive, if necessary, for example, natural or synthetic resins, glass fibers, glass beads, fillers and pigments made of metal powder or other inorganic powder, coloring agents, antioxidants, etc. It is also possible to add an appropriate additive of.
Further, an adhesive layer exhibiting light diffusing properties can be formed by incorporating fine particles.
【００２９】なお上記した偏光フィルムや透明保護層や
接着剤層などの各層は、例えばサリチル酸エステル系化
合物やベンゾフェノール系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール
系化合物やシアノアクリレート系化合物、ニッケル錯塩
系化合物等の紫外線吸収剤で処理する方式などにより紫
外線吸収能をもたせることもできる。Each of the above-mentioned layers such as the polarizing film, the transparent protective layer and the adhesive layer is, for example, a UV-absorbing agent such as salicylate compound, benzophenol compound, benzotriazole compound, cyanoacrylate compound, nickel complex salt compound. It can also be made to have an ultraviolet absorbing ability by a method of treating with an agent.
【００３０】広視野角偏光板を用いての液晶表示装置の
形成は、従来に準じて行いうる。すなわち液晶表示装置
は一般に、液晶セルと偏光板、及び必要に応じての照明
システム等の構成部品を適宜に組立てて駆動回路を組込
むことなどにより形成されるが、本発明においては当該
広視野角偏光板を液晶セルの少なくとも片側に設ける点
を除いて特に限定はなく、従来に準じうる。The liquid crystal display device using the wide viewing angle polarizing plate can be formed in a conventional manner. That is, a liquid crystal display device is generally formed by appropriately assembling components such as a liquid crystal cell, a polarizing plate, and an illumination system as necessary and incorporating a driving circuit. In the present invention, the wide viewing angle is used. There is no particular limitation, except that the polarizing plate is provided on at least one side of the liquid crystal cell, and it can be in accordance with the conventional art.
【００３１】従って、液晶セルの片側又は両側に広視野
角偏光板を配置した液晶表示装置や、照明システムにバ
ックライトあるいは反射板を用いたものなどの適宜な液
晶表示装置を形成することができる。その場合、広視野
角偏光板はその複屈折性を示す透明保護層が液晶セルと
偏光フィルムとの間、特に視認側の偏光フィルムとの間
に位置するように配置することが補償効果の点などより
好ましい。なお広視野角偏光板の実用に際しては、液晶
表示装置を形成するための他の光学素子等との積層物な
どの適宜な形態で用いることができる。Therefore, it is possible to form an appropriate liquid crystal display device such as a liquid crystal display device in which a wide viewing angle polarizing plate is arranged on one side or both sides of a liquid crystal cell, or a backlight system or a reflection plate is used for an illumination system. . In that case, the wide viewing angle polarizing plate is arranged so that the transparent protective layer exhibiting the birefringence is positioned between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing film, especially between the polarizing film on the viewing side, which is a compensation effect. Are more preferable. When the wide viewing angle polarizing plate is put to practical use, it can be used in an appropriate form such as a laminate with another optical element or the like for forming a liquid crystal display device.
【００３２】図４、図５に広視野角偏光板を用いた液晶
表示装置の構成例を示した。５が液晶セル、６がバック
ライトシステム、８が反射層である。なお７は光拡散板
である。図４のものは両側に広視野角偏光板を配置した
バックライト型照明システムのものであり、図５のもの
は片側にのみ広視野角偏光板を配置した反射型照明シス
テムのものである。FIGS. 4 and 5 show examples of the structure of a liquid crystal display device using a wide viewing angle polarizing plate. 5 is a liquid crystal cell, 6 is a backlight system, and 8 is a reflective layer. Reference numeral 7 denotes a light diffusion plate. FIG. 4 shows a backlight type illumination system in which a wide viewing angle polarizing plate is arranged on both sides, and FIG. 5 shows a reflection type illumination system in which a wide viewing angle polarizing plate is arranged only on one side.
【００３３】前記において液晶表示装置の形成部品は、
積層一体化されていてもよいし、分離状態にあってもよ
い。また液晶表示装置の形成に際しては、例えば拡散板
やアンチグレア層、反射防止膜、保護層や保護板などの
適宜な光学素子を適宜に配置することができる。本発明
の広視野角偏光板は、ＴＮ型やＳＴＮ型等の複屈折を示
す液晶セルを用いたＴＦＴ型やＭＩＭ型等の種々の表示
装置に好ましく用いうる。In the above, the forming parts of the liquid crystal display device are
They may be laminated and integrated, or may be in a separated state. In forming a liquid crystal display device, for example, appropriate optical elements such as a diffusion plate, an antiglare layer, an antireflection film, a protective layer and a protective plate can be appropriately arranged. The wide viewing angle polarizing plate of the present invention can be preferably used for various display devices such as a TFT type and an MIM type using a liquid crystal cell exhibiting birefringence such as a TN type or an STN type.
【００３４】[0034]
実施例１ 厚さ８０μmのポリビニルアルコールフィルムをヨウ素
水溶液中で５倍に延伸処理したのち乾燥させて偏光フィ
ルムを得た。一方、厚さ６０μmのポリカーボネートフ
ィルムを１６７℃の雰囲気下、テンター延伸機にて１．
２３倍に延伸処理して△ｎｄ：１２０nm、Ｎz：２．０
の複屈折性の透明保護フィルムを得、これを厚さ２０μ
mのアクリル系粘着層を介して前記の偏光フィルムの片
面に接着し、偏光フィルムの他面に厚さ２０μmのアク
リル系粘着層を介して△ｎｄ：５nm、４５度△ｎｄ（遅
相軸方向に４５度傾斜した入射光の平均値）：１５nm、
厚さ８０μmのトリアセチルセルロースフィルムを接着
して広視野角偏光板を得た。なお複屈折性の透明保護フ
ィルムの接着処理は、その遅相軸が偏光フィルムの透過
軸と平行関係となるように行った。Example 1 A polyvinyl alcohol film having a thickness of 80 μm was stretched 5 times in an aqueous iodine solution and then dried to obtain a polarizing film. On the other hand, a polycarbonate film having a thickness of 60 μm was subjected to 1.a.
Stretching 23 times, Δnd: 120 nm, N z : 2.0
The birefringent transparent protective film of
It is adhered to one side of the above polarizing film via an acrylic adhesive layer of m, and is attached to the other surface of the polarizing film via an acrylic adhesive layer of 20 μm in thickness: Δnd: 5 nm, 45 degrees Δnd (in the slow axis direction). Average value of incident light inclined at 45 degrees to: 15 nm,
A 80 μm thick triacetyl cellulose film was adhered to obtain a wide viewing angle polarizing plate. The birefringent transparent protective film was adhered so that its slow axis was parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizing film.
【００３５】実施例２ 偏光フィルムの両面に、厚さ６０μmのポリカーボネー
トフィルムを１６０℃の雰囲気下、周速の異なるロール
間を通過させて１．０８倍に延伸処理して得た△ｎｄ：
１１５nm、Ｎz：１．０の複屈折性の透明保護フィルム
を接着したほかは、実施例１に準じて広視野角偏光板を
得た。Example 2 Both sides of a polarizing film were obtained by stretching a polycarbonate film having a thickness of 60 μm at a temperature of 160 ° C. between rolls having different peripheral speeds and stretching it 1.08 times.
A wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a transparent protective film having a birefringence of 115 nm and N z : 1.0 was adhered.
【００３６】実施例３ 複屈折性の透明保護フィルムとして、厚さ６０μmのポ
リカーボネートフィルムの両面に熱収縮性フィルム（１
５０℃での収縮率がＭＤ：６％、ＴＤ：８％）を接着し
て１５２℃の雰囲気下、周速の異なるロール間を通過さ
せて０．９５倍に延伸処理して得た△ｎｄ：１３５nm、
Ｎz：０．３のものを用いたほかは、実施例１に準じて
広視野角偏光板を得た。Example 3 As a birefringent transparent protective film, a heat-shrinkable film (1
Δnd obtained by adhering (MD: 6%, TD: 8%) shrinkage at 50 ° C., passing it between rolls having different peripheral speeds in an atmosphere of 152 ° C., and stretching it 0.95 times. : 135nm,
A wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that N z : 0.3 was used.
【００３７】比較例１ 実施例１に準じて得た偏光フィルムのみを用いた。Comparative Example 1 Only the polarizing film obtained according to Example 1 was used.
【００３８】比較例２ 偏光フィルムの両面にトリアセチルセルロースフィルム
を接着したほかは実施例１に準じて偏光板を得た。Comparative Example 2 A polarizing plate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a triacetyl cellulose film was adhered on both sides of the polarizing film.
【００３９】比較例３ 複屈折性の透明保護フィルムの上にさらに同じ複屈折性
の透明保護フィルムを接着したほかは実施例１に準じて
偏光板を得た。Comparative Example 3 A polarizing plate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the same birefringent transparent protective film was further adhered on the birefringent transparent protective film.
【００４０】比較例４ 片側のトリアセチルセルロースフィルムの上に実施例２
と同じ複屈折性の透明保護フィルムを接着したほかは比
較例２に準じて偏光板を得た。Comparative Example 4 Example 2 on one side of triacetyl cellulose film
A polarizing plate was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the transparent protective film having the same birefringence as in Example 1 was attached.
【００４１】比較例５ 片側のトリアセチルセルロースフィルムの上に実施例３
と同じ複屈折性の透明保護フィルムを接着したほかは比
較例２に準じて偏光板を得た。Comparative Example 5 Example 3 on one side of triacetyl cellulose film
A polarizing plate was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the transparent protective film having the same birefringence as in Example 1 was attached.
【００４２】評価試験 実施例、比較例で得た（広視野角）偏光板を表に示した
組合せでＴＦＴ型液晶セルの両側（フロント／リア）に
配置して、上下及び左右における視角６０度での視角特
性を調べ、最良状態を５として５段階評価した。各数値
に付したＢＷＧは、視認性低下の主原因であり、それぞ
れＢ：表示の黒色化でコントラストが低下する黒つぶれ
度、Ｗ：表示の白色化でコントラストが低下する白呆け
度、Ｇ：階調の反転度を意味する。従って３Ｂ、３Ｗ、
３Ｇがそれぞれの中間状態であり、５Ｇは階調反転が生
じなかったことを意味する。なお複屈折性の透明保護フ
ィルムを有する場合には、それを液晶セル側に位置させ
た。Evaluation Test The polarizing plates obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples (wide viewing angle) were arranged on both sides (front / rear) of the TFT type liquid crystal cell in the combinations shown in the table, and the viewing angle was 60 degrees in the vertical and horizontal directions. The viewing angle characteristics in Table 1 were examined, and the best condition was set to 5, and the evaluation was made in 5 stages. BWG attached to each numerical value is the main cause of the reduction in visibility. B: the degree of underexposure that contrast is reduced by blackening the display, W: white blurring degree that the contrast is reduced by whitening the display, G: It means the degree of gradation inversion. Therefore, 3B, 3W,
3G is each intermediate state, and 5G means that gradation inversion did not occur. In the case of having a birefringent transparent protective film, it was placed on the liquid crystal cell side.
【００４３】前記の結果を表１、表２に示した。The above results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００４４】[0044]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００４５】表より、比較例１の偏光フィルムのみでは
左右の視角変化で階調反転を生じるのに対し、広視野角
偏光板を用いた実施例１〜３では階調反転が防止されて
おり、上下方向の視野角も若干改善されていることがわ
かる。また比較例２〜４との対比より面内位相差：５０
〜２００nm、Ｎz：−１〜３を満足することが視野角の
拡大に有利であることがわかる。From the table, it can be seen that while only the polarizing film of Comparative Example 1 causes gradation reversal due to a change in the viewing angle from side to side, in Examples 1 to 3 using the wide viewing angle polarizing plate, gradation reversal is prevented. It can be seen that the vertical viewing angle is also slightly improved. Further, in-plane retardation: 50 from comparison with Comparative Examples 2 to 4.
It can be seen that satisfying Ｎ200 nm and N z -1１〜３3 is advantageous for expanding the viewing angle.
【図１】広視野角偏光板例の部分断面斜視図FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of an example of a wide viewing angle polarizing plate.
【図２】他の広視野角偏光板例の部分断面斜視図FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of another example of a wide viewing angle polarizing plate.
【図３】従来例の光学特性を示したグラフFIG. 3 is a graph showing optical characteristics of a conventional example.
【図４】液晶表示装置例の断面図FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a liquid crystal display device.
【図５】他の液晶表示装置例の断面図FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another example of a liquid crystal display device.
１：複屈折性を示す透明保護層 ２：接着剤層 ３：偏光フィルム ４：透明保護層 ５：液晶セル 1: Transparent protective layer showing birefringence 2: Adhesive layer 3: Polarizing film 4: Transparent protective layer 5: Liquid crystal cell
Claims (4)
る偏光板からなり、その少なくとも片側の透明保護層が
面内位相差５０〜２００nmの複屈折性を示すと共に、そ
の透明保護層の遅相軸が前記偏光フィルムの透過軸と平
行関係又は直交関係にあることを特徴とする広視野角偏
光板。1. A polarizing film comprising a polarizing plate having transparent protective layers on both sides, at least one of which has a birefringence with an in-plane retardation of 50 to 200 nm and a slow phase of the transparent protective layer. A wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate having an axis parallel or orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizing film.
保護層の面内における主屈折率をｎxとｎy、厚さ方向の
屈折率をｎzとしたときに、ｎx＞ｎyの条件下、式：
（ｎx−ｎz）／（ｎx−ｎy）で定義されるＮzが−１〜
３の範囲にある広視野角偏光板。2. In claim 1, where n x and n y are main refractive indices in the plane of the transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence and n z is the refractive index in the thickness direction, n x > n Under the condition of y , the formula:
N z defined by (n x −n z ) / (n x −n y ) is −1 to
Wide viewing angle polarizing plate in the range of 3.
がヨウ素吸着の延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムか
らなり、複屈折性を示す透明保護層が高分子フィルムか
らなる広視野角偏光板。3. A wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the polarizing film is made of an iodine-adsorbed stretched polyvinyl alcohol film and the transparent protective layer exhibiting birefringence is made of a polymer film.
複屈折性を示す透明保護層側を介して液晶セルの少なく
とも片側に有することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。4. A liquid crystal display device comprising the wide viewing angle polarizing plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on at least one side of a liquid crystal cell with a transparent protective layer side having birefringence interposed therebetween.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8168506A JPH09325216A (en) | 1996-06-06 | 1996-06-06 | Wide viewing angle polarizer plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8168506A JPH09325216A (en) | 1996-06-06 | 1996-06-06 | Wide viewing angle polarizer plate |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006191256A Division JP2006293399A (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2006-07-12 | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09325216A true JPH09325216A (en) | 1997-12-16 |
Family
ID=15869327
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8168506A Pending JPH09325216A (en) | 1996-06-06 | 1996-06-06 | Wide viewing angle polarizer plate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09325216A (en) |
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| JPH11231131A (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-08-27 | Nitto Denko Corp | Light-scattering sheet, screen and liquid crystal display device |
| EP0952477A1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-10-27 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
| JP2005518554A (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2005-06-23 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド | Polarized display with wide-angle illumination |
| JP2007078854A (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-03-29 | Tohoku Univ | Polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device |
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| JP5145418B2 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2013-02-20 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
| US8451404B2 (en) | 2008-09-24 | 2013-05-28 | Hitachi Displays, Ltd. | Display device having polarizing plates with protective films |
| TWI449970B (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2014-08-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Composite polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device using the same |
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1996
- 1996-06-06 JP JP8168506A patent/JPH09325216A/en active Pending
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| JPH11231131A (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-08-27 | Nitto Denko Corp | Light-scattering sheet, screen and liquid crystal display device |
| EP0952477A1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-10-27 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
| US6236439B1 (en) | 1998-04-20 | 2001-05-22 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Wide viewing angle polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
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| JP4907829B2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2012-04-04 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド | Polarized display with wide-angle illumination |
| JP2005518554A (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2005-06-23 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド | Polarized display with wide-angle illumination |
| JP2007264588A (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-10-11 | Nitto Denko Corp | Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display using the same |
| JP2007078854A (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-03-29 | Tohoku Univ | Polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device |
| TWI449970B (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2014-08-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Composite polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device using the same |
| JP5145418B2 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2013-02-20 | シャープ株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
| US8462300B2 (en) | 2008-05-14 | 2013-06-11 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device with triacetyl cellulose film at an observer side of front polarization plate |
| JP2010002544A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-01-07 | Epson Imaging Devices Corp | Liquid crystal display and electronic device |
| US8767146B2 (en) | 2008-09-24 | 2014-07-01 | Japan Display Inc. | Display device |
| US8451404B2 (en) | 2008-09-24 | 2013-05-28 | Hitachi Displays, Ltd. | Display device having polarizing plates with protective films |
| JP2009104189A (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2009-05-14 | Hitachi Displays Ltd | Polarizing plate and liquid crystal display using the same |
| CN103339555A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2013-10-02 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Front plate for TN liquid crystal panel |
| WO2012035919A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Front plate for tn liquid crystal panel |
| JP5642187B2 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-12-17 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | TN LCD panel front panel |
| US9817262B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2017-11-14 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Front plate of TN liquid crystal panel |
| JP2011034107A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-02-17 | Fujifilm Corp | Optical compensator sheet, polarizing plate and liquid crystal display device |
| EP2980612A4 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-11-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Polarizing plate, image display device, and method for improving light-place contrast in image display device |
| US9989688B2 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2018-06-05 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Polarizing plate, image display apparatus, and method for improving bright-place contrast in image display apparatus |
| CN108614373A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2018-10-02 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | The ameliorative way of the daylight contrast of image display device and image display device |
| WO2021215332A1 (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Optical member, and image display device using same |
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