JPH09324228A - Metallic member containing dispersed solid lubricant grain, and its production - Google Patents
Metallic member containing dispersed solid lubricant grain, and its productionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09324228A JPH09324228A JP8141627A JP14162796A JPH09324228A JP H09324228 A JPH09324228 A JP H09324228A JP 8141627 A JP8141627 A JP 8141627A JP 14162796 A JP14162796 A JP 14162796A JP H09324228 A JPH09324228 A JP H09324228A
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- Prior art keywords
- solid lubricant
- metal
- dispersed
- particles
- particle
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、セラミックス微粒
子、金属固体潤滑剤粒子、特にＰｂ粒子及び固体潤滑剤
短繊維、特に炭素繊維を分散してなり、高導電性、高熱
伝導性、耐熱性及び耐摩耗性のうち１種以上の特性を具
備する金属部材、特に銅合金、アルミニウム、鉄系合金
の金属部材に関し、特に摺動材、電気接点などの導電性
耐熱性強化部材に好適な固体潤滑剤粒子分散強化銅合
金、固体潤滑剤粒子分散強化アルミニウム合金及び固体
潤滑剤粒子分散強化鉄系合金ならびにその製造方法に関
する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention comprises ceramic fine particles, metal solid lubricant particles, particularly Pb particles, and solid lubricant short fibers, particularly carbon fibers, dispersed therein, and has high conductivity, high heat conductivity, heat resistance and Solid lubrication suitable for metal members having at least one kind of wear resistance, particularly copper alloy, aluminum, iron alloy metal members, and particularly for conductive heat resistant strengthening members such as sliding materials and electrical contacts. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an agent particle dispersion strengthened copper alloy, a solid lubricant particle dispersion strengthened aluminum alloy, a solid lubricant particle dispersion strengthened iron-based alloy, and a method for producing the same.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】銅の有する高導電性、高熱伝導性等の基
本的特性を種々の産業用製品に活用する目的で、銅の弱
点である強度不足を補強した種々の銅合金の製品が製造
されている。銅の強化方法として、Ｚｒ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｄ、
Ｂｅ等の固溶量の少ない元素を一種又は複数種添加して
時効処理による析出硬化を行う方法や、銅母相にその母
相と難反応性のセラミックス粒子を分散して強化する方
法がある。2. Description of the Related Art In order to utilize the basic characteristics of copper, such as high conductivity and high thermal conductivity, in various industrial products, various copper alloy products that strengthen the weakness of copper, which is a weak point, are manufactured. Has been done. As a method of strengthening copper, Zr, Cr, Cd,
There is a method of adding one or a plurality of elements having a small solid solution amount such as Be to perform precipitation hardening by aging treatment, and a method of dispersing ceramic particles that are difficult to react with the mother phase in a copper matrix and strengthening it. .
【０００３】これらの強化は、いずれも微細に分散する
析出粒子あるいはセラミックス粒子が塑性変形を担う転
位運動を妨げることによりなされる。前者の強化方法
は、特開昭57-9850号公報に、後者の方法については、
酸化物分散強化として特開平2-213433号公報、炭化物強
化として特開平1-96338号公報、窒化物強化として特開
昭60-208402号公報、窒化物分散強化として特開平6-271
956号公報等に開示されている。Reinforcement is carried out by preventing finely dispersed precipitated particles or ceramic particles from dislocation motion responsible for plastic deformation. The former strengthening method is described in JP-A-57-9850, and the latter method is
JP-A-2-213433 as oxide dispersion strengthening, JP-A-1-96338 as carbide strengthening, JP-A-60-208402 as nitride strengthening, JP-A-6-271 as nitride dispersion strengthening.
It is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 956.
【０００４】なお、上記析出硬化型銅合金は約400 ℃以
下であれば強度を保持できるが、その温度を超える高温
では析出物の熱分解により硬化能を失う。一方、グラフ
ァイト粉末又はＢＮ粉末の添加は、銅合金の潤滑性又は
低接触抵抗耐溶着性を向上させる。その製造方法は、例
えば特開昭57-123943号公報に開示されている。また、
低接触抵抗耐溶着性向上のためにグラファイト粉末の添
加を行った電気接点用銅合金は、特開昭62-284031号公
報に開示されている。The above precipitation hardenable copper alloy can maintain its strength at about 400 ° C. or lower, but at a high temperature above that temperature, the hardenability is lost due to thermal decomposition of the precipitate. On the other hand, addition of graphite powder or BN powder improves lubricity or low contact resistance welding resistance of the copper alloy. The manufacturing method thereof is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-57-123943. Also,
A copper alloy for electrical contacts, to which graphite powder is added in order to improve low contact resistance welding resistance, is disclosed in JP-A-62-284031.
【０００５】セラミックス分散強化型銅合金における分
散方法としては、粉末混合法や内部酸化法を利用する酸
化物分散強化方法以外に、銅粉末とセラッミクス微粉末
の混合粉末の機械的合金化法が知られており、これらの
方法は特開平3-2338号公報、特開平2-213433号公報、特
開昭63-83240号公報等に記載されている。セラミックス
粒子の微細化分散としては、上記内部酸化法及び機械的
合金化法が優れており、部材製造方法としては、熱間押
出し等の粉末冶金的手法が用いられている。As a dispersion method in a ceramics dispersion strengthened copper alloy, a mechanical alloying method of a mixed powder of a copper powder and a ceramics fine powder is known, in addition to an oxide dispersion strengthening method utilizing a powder mixing method or an internal oxidation method. These methods are described in JP-A-3-2338, JP-A-2-213433 and JP-A-63-83240. The above-mentioned internal oxidation method and mechanical alloying method are excellent as finely dispersed ceramic particles, and a powder metallurgical method such as hot extrusion is used as a member manufacturing method.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】耐摩耗材料として使用
される銅合金では、一般的に、優れた潤滑性を有するグ
ラファイトあるいはＢＮが添加される。しかし、高荷重
で相手材と接触した場合には、双方に凝着等の損傷が生
じるおそれがある。本発明の目的は、上述した従来の強
化銅、アルミニウム及び鉄合金の問題点ならびに酸化物
分散強化型銅合金の問題点を克服し、抵抗電極、摺動
材、電気接点などに好適な、優れた耐摩耗性と高強度を
有する固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材及びその製造法を提
供することである。In a copper alloy used as a wear resistant material, graphite or BN having excellent lubricity is generally added. However, if they come into contact with the mating material under a high load, damage such as adhesion may occur on both materials. The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems of conventional strengthened copper, aluminum and iron alloys and the problems of oxide dispersion strengthened copper alloys, suitable for resistance electrodes, sliding materials, electrical contacts, etc. Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member having wear resistance and high strength, and a method for producing the same.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題に鑑み鋭意研究
の結果、本発明者らは、母相中にセラミックス微粒子、
金属固体潤滑剤粒子、更に固体潤滑剤短繊維を分散すれ
ば、従来の銅合金よりも優れた特性を発揮し、耐摩耗
性、接点材料に好適な金属部材が得られることを見出し
た。また、そのような金属部材の原料となる金属粉末の
製造工程を、機械的合金化により金属粉末の内部にセラ
ミックス微粒子及び金属固体潤滑粒子を分散させる第１
段工程と、次いで固体潤滑剤短繊維を混合する第２段工
程とに分けることにより、金属粉末を汚染することなく
固体潤滑剤短繊維を分散させることができ、粒子間の結
合が強固な金属部材が得られることを見出し、本発明を
完成した。As a result of earnest research in view of the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have found that in the matrix, fine ceramic particles,
It has been found that when the metal solid lubricant particles and further the solid lubricant short fibers are dispersed, a metal member suitable for wear resistance and contact material can be obtained, exhibiting properties superior to those of conventional copper alloys. Further, in the manufacturing process of the metal powder as a raw material of such a metal member, the ceramic fine particles and the metal solid lubricating particles are dispersed inside the metal powder by mechanical alloying.
By dividing into a step process and a second step in which the solid lubricant short fibers are mixed next, the solid lubricant short fibers can be dispersed without contaminating the metal powder, and the metal having a strong bond between particles. The present invention has been completed by finding that a member can be obtained.
【０００８】即ち、本発明は、機械的合金化を経て得ら
れる金属部材であって、金属基地中にセラミックス微粒
子、金属固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維が分散し
てなることを特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材で
ある。また、本発明は、金属基地中にセラミックス微粒
子、金属固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維が分散し
てなる固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材において、金属固体
潤滑剤粒子が主に固体潤滑剤短繊維の周囲に分散してい
ることを特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材であ
る。That is, the present invention is a metal member obtained by mechanical alloying, characterized in that fine ceramic particles, metal solid lubricant particles and solid lubricant short fibers are dispersed in a metal matrix. It is a solid lubricant particle dispersed metal member. Further, the present invention provides a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member in which ceramic fine particles, metal solid lubricant particles, and solid lubricant short fibers are dispersed in a metal matrix, and the metal solid lubricant particles are mainly solid lubricant particles. The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member is characterized in that it is dispersed around the fibers.
【０００９】さらに、本発明は、機械的合金化を経て得
られる金属粉末であって、金属粉末内部にセラミックス
微粒子、金属固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維が分
散してなることを特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉
末である。さらに、本発明は、金属粉末内部にセラミッ
クス微粒子、金属固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維
が分散してなる固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末において、
金属固体潤滑剤粒子が主に固体潤滑剤短繊維の周囲に分
散していることを特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉
末である。Furthermore, the present invention is a metal powder obtained by mechanical alloying, characterized in that ceramic fine particles, metal solid lubricant particles and solid lubricant short fibers are dispersed inside the metal powder. It is a solid lubricant particle dispersed metal powder. Furthermore, the present invention provides a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder comprising ceramic fine particles, metal solid lubricant particles and solid lubricant short fibers dispersed in the metal powder,
The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder is characterized in that the metal solid lubricant particles are mainly dispersed around the solid lubricant short fibers.
【００１０】さらに、本発明は、機械的合金化により金
属粉末の内部にセラミックス微粒子及び金属固体潤滑粒
子を分散させる第１段工程と、前記セラミックス微粒子
及び金属固体潤滑粒子を分散させた金属粉末と固体潤滑
剤短繊維とを混合し、前記金属固体潤滑剤粒子を主に前
記固体潤滑剤短繊維の周囲に分散させる第２段工程とを
有することを特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末の
製造法である。Further, according to the present invention, the first step of dispersing the ceramic fine particles and the metal solid lubricating particles inside the metal powder by mechanical alloying, and the metal powder in which the ceramic fine particles and the metal solid lubricating particles are dispersed. A second stage step of mixing the solid lubricant short fibers and dispersing the metal solid lubricant particles mainly around the solid lubricant short fibers. It is a manufacturing method.
【００１１】さらに、本発明は、上記固体潤滑剤粒子分
散金属粉末を焼結することを特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子
分散金属部材の製造法である。さらに、本発明は、上記
固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末を焼結した後、さらに熱処
理することを特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材の
製造法である。Further, the present invention is a method for producing a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member, which comprises sintering the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder. Furthermore, the present invention is a method for producing a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member, which is characterized by sintering the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder and then heat-treating the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder.
【００１２】[0012]
〔１〕固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末 本発明の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末は、金属粉末内部
にセラミックス微粒子、金属固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤
滑剤短繊維が分散してなるものであって、特に金属固体
潤滑剤粒子が主に固体潤滑剤短繊維の周囲に分散してな
るものである。また、セラミックス微粒子はマトリック
スの金属粒子内に分散しており、金属固体潤滑剤粒子と
固体潤滑剤短繊維はマトリックスの金属の粒界に主に存
在しているものである。[1] Solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder of the present invention comprises ceramic particles, metal solid lubricant particles and solid lubricant short fibers dispersed in the metal powder. In particular, metal solid lubricant particles are mainly dispersed around solid lubricant short fibers. Further, the ceramic fine particles are dispersed in the metal particles of the matrix, and the metal solid lubricant particles and the solid lubricant short fibers are mainly present in the grain boundaries of the metal of the matrix.
【００１３】本発明の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末にお
ける金属は、銅、アルミニウム、鉄又はそれらの混合物
であるのが好ましい。これらの金属は、基地粒子固体潤
滑剤分散金属粉末を製造する際、基地粒子を汚染させる
ことなく、清浄化を保ち、自己潤滑性に優れた金属固体
潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維を保持し、個々の粒子
とのなじみ性や結合力を損わずに、強固な金属部材とな
り得る。また、この金属粉末を用いることにより、高強
度、高熱伝導性、高電気伝導性、高耐摩耗性を有する固
体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材が得られる。The metal in the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder of the present invention is preferably copper, aluminum, iron or a mixture thereof. These metals are used to produce base particle solid lubricant-dispersed metal powder, to keep the base particles clean and to keep them clean, and to retain metal solid lubricant particles and solid lubricant short fibers with excellent self-lubricating properties. However, a strong metal member can be obtained without impairing the compatibility with individual particles and the bonding force. By using this metal powder, a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member having high strength, high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and high wear resistance can be obtained.
【００１４】本発明の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末にお
けるセラミックス微粒子は、ＢＮ、ＡｌＮ、Ａｌ2Ｏ3及
びＢ4Ｃから選ばれる少なくとも１種であるのが好まし
い。ＢＮ粒子は高熱伝導性六方晶であり、黒鉛と同様の
結晶構造を有するため、優れた固体潤滑性をもってい
る。また、このＢＮ粒子は硬度が高く、化学的安定性に
も優れる。The ceramic fine particles in the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder of the present invention are preferably at least one selected from BN, AlN, Al 2 O 3 and B 4 C. The BN particles are hexagonal crystals with high thermal conductivity and have the same crystal structure as graphite, and thus have excellent solid lubricity. In addition, the BN particles have high hardness and excellent chemical stability.
【００１５】分散強化合金粒子として用いるセラミック
ス微粒子の平均粒径は、１〜200 nmであるのが好まし
い。１nm未満であると又は200 nmを超えると、マトリッ
クス金属の強化効果が十分に得られず、また、金属固体
潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維を保有することができ
ず、それら粒子及び短繊維の脱落が顕著になる。セラミ
ックス微粒子の平均粒径は、特に１〜100 nmであるのが
好ましい。The average particle size of the ceramic fine particles used as the dispersion strengthening alloy particles is preferably 1 to 200 nm. When it is less than 1 nm or exceeds 200 nm, the reinforcing effect of the matrix metal is not sufficiently obtained, and the metal solid lubricant particles and the solid lubricant short fibers cannot be retained, and the particles and short fibers are not able to be retained. Dropout becomes noticeable. The average particle size of the ceramic fine particles is particularly preferably 1 to 100 nm.
【００１６】セラミックス微粒子は、より微粒であるほ
ど少ない含有量で効果を発揮することができるが、その
含有量は一般に0.01〜1.0 重量％であるのが好ましく、
特に0.03〜0.3 重量％であるのが好ましい。0.01重量％
未満では、本発明の効果を発揮するのが困難となる。ま
た、1.0 重量％を超えると、セラミックス微粒子がマト
リックス粒子間に析出するため、マトリックス粒子間の
結合力が阻害され、そのマトリックス粒子が脱落するお
それがある。The finer the ceramic particles, the smaller the content, the more the effect can be exhibited. However, the content is generally preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by weight,
It is particularly preferably 0.03 to 0.3% by weight. 0.01% by weight
If it is less than the above range, it is difficult to exert the effects of the present invention. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.0% by weight, the ceramic fine particles are precipitated between the matrix particles, so that the bonding force between the matrix particles is hindered and the matrix particles may fall off.
【００１７】金属固体潤滑剤粒子は、Ｐｂ、Ｓｂ及びＢ
ｉから選ばれる少なくとも１種であるのが好ましく、そ
れらの平均粒径は10〜100 μｍ程度であるのが好まし
い。この金属固体潤滑剤粒子の含有量は、0.5 〜10重量
％であるのが好ましい。0.5 重量％未満では、潤滑効果
が得られにくいため耐摩耗性が低くなり、10重量％を超
えると強度が低下する。摩耗特性の向上という面では、
固体潤滑剤短繊維等の固体潤滑剤単独でも効果がある
が、金属固体潤滑剤粒子であるＰｂ等が混在すると著し
い相乗効果が得られる。特に、１〜５重量％が好まし
い。The metal solid lubricant particles are Pb, Sb and B.
It is preferably at least one selected from i, and their average particle size is preferably about 10 to 100 μm. The content of the metal solid lubricant particles is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight. If it is less than 0.5% by weight, it is difficult to obtain a lubricating effect, so that the wear resistance is lowered, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the strength is lowered. In terms of improving wear characteristics,
Solid lubricants Solid solid lubricants such as short fibers alone are effective, but when Pb and the like, which are metal solid lubricant particles, are mixed, a remarkable synergistic effect is obtained. Particularly, 1 to 5% by weight is preferable.
【００１８】金属固体潤滑剤粒子としてＰｂを0.5 〜10
重量％添加すると、機械的に合金化した金属粉末の収率
が向上し、かつ得られる金属粉末の粒径を小さくするこ
とができる。また、摩擦係数も小さくすることができ
る。低融点合金であって、かつＣｕに対する固溶量が３
重量％以下のＳｂ及び／又はＢｉをＣｕに0.5 〜10重量
％、好ましくは１〜５重量％添加すると、耐摩耗性に優
れた高耐摩耗材料が得られる。Pb is 0.5 to 10 as the metal solid lubricant particles.
Addition by weight% can improve the yield of mechanically alloyed metal powder and reduce the particle size of the obtained metal powder. Also, the friction coefficient can be reduced. It is a low melting point alloy and its solid solution amount in Cu is 3
By adding Sb and / or Bi in an amount of 0.5% by weight or less to Cu in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, a highly wear resistant material having excellent wear resistance can be obtained.
【００１９】固体潤滑剤短繊維としては、黒鉛粉末、そ
のウイスカー、炭素繊維、ＢＮ粉、Ｗ2Ｓ、Ｍｏ2Ｓ等の
１種又は複数種が好ましく、それらの中でも、特に炭素
繊維が好ましい。炭素繊維の添加により、第一に高い潤
滑性及び耐熱性が付与されるため、好適な摺動材料が得
られる。第二に、優れた低接触抵抗耐溶着性が付与され
るため、遮断器、開閉器等の電気接点材料として好適な
材料が得られる。As the solid lubricant short fibers, one or more kinds of graphite powder, whiskers thereof, carbon fiber, BN powder, W 2 S, Mo 2 S and the like are preferable, and among them, carbon fiber is particularly preferable. The addition of carbon fiber firstly imparts high lubricity and heat resistance, so that a suitable sliding material can be obtained. Secondly, since excellent low contact resistance welding resistance is imparted, a material suitable as an electrical contact material for circuit breakers, switches and the like can be obtained.
【００２０】固体潤滑剤短繊維の含有量は、５〜25体積
％であるのが好ましく、特に10〜20体積％であるのが好
ましい。５体積％未満では、上記特性を発揮できず、25
体積％を超えると、強度の低下を引き起こす。繊維又は
ウイスカーとしての平均直径は0.25〜10μｍであるのが
好ましく、その長さは10〜500 μｍ、特に20〜100 μｍ
であるのが好ましい。The content of the solid lubricant short fibers is preferably 5 to 25% by volume, particularly preferably 10 to 20% by volume. If the content is less than 5% by volume, the above properties cannot be exhibited and 25
When it exceeds the volume%, the strength is lowered. The average diameter of the fibers or whiskers is preferably 0.25 to 10 μm, and the length is 10 to 500 μm, especially 20 to 100 μm.
It is preferred that
【００２１】本発明の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末は機
械的合金化を経て得られるものであるが、このような金
属粉末を製造する場合に、金属、セラミックス微粒子、
金属固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維を同時に混合
してボールミルを長時間行うと、固体潤滑剤短繊維が微
細に粉砕され、母相である金属の表面が汚染されるた
め、機械的合金化及びそれによるセラミックス微粒子の
分散ができない。また、そのようにして得られた金属粉
末を焼結成形しても、個々の粒子拡散成長がみられない
ため結合力が著しく弱く、粒子の脱落等の欠陥あるいは
破損が生じ、好ましくない。本発明の固体潤滑剤粒子分
散金属粉末は、以下のように、第１段工程及び第２段工
程を行うことによって、上記の問題を解決し、好ましく
製造することができる。The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder of the present invention is obtained through mechanical alloying. When such a metal powder is produced, metal, ceramic fine particles,
When the ball solid is mixed with the solid metal lubricant particles and the solid lubricant short fibers at the same time for a long time, the solid lubricant short fibers are finely pulverized and the surface of the metal that is the matrix phase is contaminated. And the resulting dispersion of the ceramic fine particles is not possible. Further, even if the metal powder thus obtained is sinter-molded, the individual particles are not diffusely grown, so that the bonding force is extremely weak and defects such as dropping of particles or damage occur, which is not preferable. The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder of the present invention can be preferably manufactured by solving the above problems by performing the first step and the second step as follows.
【００２２】(1) 第１段工程 第１段工程では、機械的合金化（メカニカルアロイン
グ）により金属粉末の内部にセラミックス微粒子及び金
属固体潤滑粒子を分散させる。例えば、高エネルギーボ
ールミルを使用して、金属粉末、セラミックス微粒子及
び金属固体潤滑粒子をボールとともに容器内に収容し、
その容器を回転させてボールに遠心力を与え、上記金属
粉末、セラミックス微粒子及び金属固体潤滑粒子を押圧
し、金属を塑性変形させる。(1) First Step In the first step, ceramic fine particles and solid metal lubricating particles are dispersed inside the metal powder by mechanical alloying. For example, using a high-energy ball mill, metal powder, ceramics fine particles and metal solid lubricating particles are contained in a container together with balls,
The container is rotated to apply a centrifugal force to the balls to press the metal powder, the ceramic fine particles and the metal solid lubricating particles to plastically deform the metal.
【００２３】このような高エネルギーボールミルによる
機械的合金化は、ミル内で運動するボールの有するボー
ル間又はボール及び容器間の衝撃エネルギーによって金
属を塑性変形させて扁平化するとともに、圧縮粉砕及び
剪断摩砕過程を繰り返すことにより、それらの間に存在
する金属粉末中にセラミックス微粒子及び固体潤滑剤粒
子を埋め込むことにより進行する。Mechanical alloying by such a high-energy ball mill plastically deforms and flattens the metal by the impact energy between the balls of the balls moving in the mill or between the balls and the container, and at the same time, compresses and grinds and shears the metal. By repeating the grinding process, the ceramic fine particles and the solid lubricant particles are embedded in the metal powder existing between them to proceed.
【００２４】ボール及び容器の材質は、機械的合金化時
における金属マトリックスへの不純物汚染をできるだけ
防止するために、金属製が好ましい。金属としては、
鉄、ステンレス系綱等が好ましい。酸化物系セラミック
ス製のボール及び容器は、酸化反応等の問題があり好ま
しくない。容器内は、100 〜200 ℃の温度及び10-4〜10
-6Torrの圧力に保持するのが好ましく、容器中の空気
は、金属の酸化を防止するために純度99.9％以上のＡｒ
ガスやＮ2ガス等で置換するのが好ましい。この機械的
合金化は、ボールミルの回転数150 〜200 rpm で30〜50
時間行うのが好ましい。The material of the balls and the container is preferably made of metal in order to prevent the contamination of impurities in the metal matrix during mechanical alloying as much as possible. As a metal,
Iron, stainless steel and the like are preferable. Balls and containers made of oxide-based ceramics are not preferable because of problems such as oxidation reaction. The temperature inside the container is 100-200 ℃ and 10 -4 -10
It is preferable to maintain the pressure at -6 Torr, and the air in the container should be Ar with a purity of 99.9% or more in order to prevent metal oxidation.
It is preferable to replace with gas or N 2 gas. This mechanical alloying is carried out at 30 to 50 at a ball mill speed of 150 to 200 rpm.
It is preferable to do it for an hour.
【００２５】(2) 第２段工程 第２段工程では、第１段工程でセラミックス微粒子及び
金属固体潤滑粒子を分散させた金属粉末と、固体潤滑剤
短繊維とを混合し、金属固体潤滑剤粒子を主に固体潤滑
剤短繊維の周囲に分散させる。この第２段工程は常法に
よって行えばよいが、例えば、ボールミルを使用して、
上記金属粉末と、固体潤滑剤短繊維とを短時間で混合・
分散すればよい。このように、固体潤滑剤短繊維を機械
的合金化とは別個に分散させることにより、金属粉末を
汚染することなく該固体潤滑剤短繊維を粉砕、分散させ
ることができる。(2) Second Step In the second step, the metal powder in which the ceramic fine particles and the metal solid lubricating particles are dispersed in the first step and the solid lubricant short fiber are mixed to form a metal solid lubricant. Disperse the particles mainly around the solid lubricant short fibers. This second step may be performed by a conventional method, for example, using a ball mill,
Mix the above-mentioned metal powder and solid lubricant short fibers in a short time.
Just disperse. By thus dispersing the solid lubricant short fibers separately from the mechanical alloying, the solid lubricant short fibers can be crushed and dispersed without contaminating the metal powder.
【００２６】第１段工程と同様に、容器内は100 〜200
℃の温度及び10-4〜10-6Torrの圧力に保持するのが好ま
しく、容器中の空気は、金属の酸化を防止するために純
度99.9％以上のＡｒガスやＮ2ガス等で置換するのが好
ましい。この第２段工程は、ボールミルの回転数150 〜
200 rpm で５〜10分間行うのが好ましい。As in the first step, the inside of the container is 100-200.
It is preferable to maintain the temperature of ° C and the pressure of 10 -4 to 10 -6 Torr, and the air in the container is replaced with Ar gas or N 2 gas having a purity of 99.9% or more in order to prevent the oxidation of the metal. Is preferred. This second step is performed with a ball mill rotating speed of 150-
It is preferably carried out at 200 rpm for 5 to 10 minutes.
【００２７】〔２〕固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材 本発明の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材は、金属基地中に
セラミックス微粒子、金属固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑
剤短繊維が分散してなるものであって、特に金属固体潤
滑剤粒子が主に固体潤滑剤短繊維の周囲に分散してなる
ものである。このような固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材で
は、粒子間の強固な結合が保持できるため、高荷重時の
摺動における金属粒子及び固体潤滑剤粒子の脱落を顕著
に防止でき、長期にわたって優れた摺動特性が得られ
る。[2] Solid Lubricant Particle-Dispersed Metal Member The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member of the present invention comprises ceramic base particles, metal solid lubricant particles, and solid lubricant short fibers dispersed in a metal matrix. In particular, metal solid lubricant particles are mainly dispersed around solid lubricant short fibers. In such a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member, since a strong bond between the particles can be maintained, the metal particles and the solid lubricant particles can be remarkably prevented from falling off during sliding under a high load, and an excellent sliding property can be obtained for a long time. Dynamic characteristics are obtained.
【００２８】本固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材は、前述し
た本発明の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末を焼結すること
により製造することができるが、焼結を行う前に、当該
金属粉末を高純度水素（好ましくは、99.99 ％以上の純
度の水素）気流中にて焼鈍純化するのが好ましい。ま
た、焼鈍純化の後、上記固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末を
金属製の容器に充填し、その容器内を脱ガス処理した
後、密閉体としておくのが好ましい。The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member of the present invention can be produced by sintering the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder of the present invention described above. It is preferable to carry out annealing purification in a stream of pure hydrogen (preferably hydrogen having a purity of 99.99% or more). Further, it is preferable that after the annealing and purification, the above-mentioned solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder is filled into a metal container, the inside of the container is degassed, and then the container is sealed.
【００２９】固体潤滑剤含有金属粉末の焼結は、常法に
よって行えばよく、ホットプレス、ＨＩＰ、放電焼結法
等により行うことができる。例えば放電焼結を行う場合
には、容器内の圧力を10-4〜10-6Torr程度にすることに
より粉末等に吸着しているガス等を除去し、該粉末を50
0 〜1000kgf／cm2で加圧しながら、パルス電流の印加に
より粉末表面の酸化物等を除去して活性化した後、1000
〜2000Ａの直流電流を印加すればよい。Sintering of the metal powder containing the solid lubricant may be carried out by a conventional method, such as hot pressing, HIP, electric discharge sintering or the like. For example, when performing spark sintering, the pressure in the container is set to about 10 −4 to 10 −6 Torr to remove the gas and the like adsorbed on the powder and the like.
While pressurizing at 0 to 1000 kgf / cm 2 , by applying pulsed current, oxides etc. on the powder surface are removed and activated.
A DC current of up to 2000 A may be applied.
【００３０】また、ＨＩＰ処理を行う場合には、固体潤
滑剤粒子分散金属粉末をＨＩＰ用の軟鋼カプセルに入
れ、約500 〜600 ℃に加熱するとともに、真空度５×10
-4Torr以下になるまで真空排気脱ガスした後、真空封止
し、次いで昇温速度300 〜600℃／ｈで昇温し、焼結圧
力1000〜2000kg／cm2 、焼結温度600 〜800 ℃を0.5 〜
1.0 時間程度保持すればよい。When the HIP treatment is carried out, the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder is put into a mild steel capsule for HIP and heated to about 500 to 600 ° C., and the degree of vacuum is 5 × 10 5.
After vacuum exhausting and degassing to -4 Torr or less, vacuum sealing, then heating at a heating rate of 300 to 600 ° C / h, sintering pressure of 1000 to 2000 kg / cm 2 , sintering temperature of 600 to 800 0.5 to 0.5
Hold it for about 1.0 hour.
【００３１】以上のような焼結を行うことにより固体潤
滑剤粒子分散金属部材が得られるが、焼結を行っただけ
では、得られる金属部材が脆弱な場合があるため、好ま
しくは、さらに熱処理を行う。このような熱処理は常法
によればよく、例えば熱間加工、好ましくはスエージン
グ加工を行う。このような熱処理、特にスエージング加
工を行うと、特にマトリックス粒子同士が強固に結合
し、欠陥がなく、強度の高い金属部材を製造することが
できる。A solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member can be obtained by carrying out the above-mentioned sintering, but the obtained metal member may be fragile just by carrying out the sintering. I do. Such heat treatment may be performed by a conventional method, for example, hot working, preferably swaging. When such heat treatment, particularly swaging, is performed, the matrix particles are particularly strongly bonded to each other, and a metal member having no defects and high strength can be manufactured.
【００３２】スエージング加工は、一般に以下のように
して行われる。あらかじめ、金属部材を密閉容器に装入
し、10-4〜10-6Torr程度に減圧密閉した後、ステンレス
製パイプに入れておく。この金属部材を入れた密閉容器
を高温で加熱し、１回の加熱につき直径１〜２mm程度減
肉させる。この高温加熱工程を数回繰り返し、金属部材
を縮小させる。加熱温度は800 〜900 ℃が好ましく、そ
の温度で0.5 〜1.0 時間（／回）保持するのが好まし
い。The swaging process is generally performed as follows. The metal member is placed in a closed container in advance, the pressure is reduced to about 10 -4 to 10 -6 Torr, and the container is placed in a stainless pipe. The closed container containing the metal member is heated at a high temperature to reduce the wall thickness by about 1 to 2 mm per heating. This high temperature heating step is repeated several times to reduce the size of the metal member. The heating temperature is preferably 800 to 900 ° C., and the temperature is preferably maintained for 0.5 to 1.0 hour (/ cycle).
【００３３】以上説明した方法によって得られる本発明
の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材は、高導電性、高熱伝導
性、耐摩耗性、耐熱性等の優れた特性を有するものであ
る。このような固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材は、圧縮機
等の摺動部材や、真空遮断器用電極、パンタグラフのス
ライダー等に極めて有効である。The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member of the present invention obtained by the method described above has excellent properties such as high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance and heat resistance. Such a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member is extremely effective as a sliding member such as a compressor, a vacuum circuit breaker electrode, a pantograph slider, and the like.
【００３４】[0034]
〔実施例１〕粒径149 μｍ以下、純度99.99 ％の電解銅
粉末と、平均粒径1.5μｍ以下の熱伝導性六方晶ＢＮ粒
子0.1 重量％と、粒径10〜60μｍのＰｂ粒子2.0 重量％
との混合粉末を用いて、高エネルギーボールミルにより
分散及び機械的合金化を行った。即ち、鉄製ボールを収
容した鉄製のボールミル容器に混合粉末を装荷し、ボー
ルミル容器を100 ℃の温度に保持するとともに、容器内
を10-4Torrに脱ガス処理し、次いで、Ａｒガス（純度9
9.9％以上）置換を行い、その後、室温付近の温度下、
回転数150rpmで30時間機械的合金化処理を行った。Example 1 Electrolytic copper powder having a particle size of 149 μm or less and a purity of 99.99%, 0.1% by weight of thermally conductive hexagonal BN particles having an average particle size of 1.5 μm or less, and 2.0% by weight of Pb particles having a particle size of 10 to 60 μm.
The mixed powder of and was used for dispersion and mechanical alloying by a high energy ball mill. That is, the mixed powder was loaded into an iron ball mill container containing iron balls, the ball mill container was maintained at a temperature of 100 ° C., the inside of the container was degassed to 10 −4 Torr, and then Ar gas (purity 9
9.9% or more) substitution, and then at a temperature near room temperature,
Mechanical alloying treatment was performed at a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 30 hours.
【００３５】機械的合金化処理を施した混合粉末に、30
〜40mmの長さに切断した固体潤滑剤炭素繊維を、１、
５、10、15、20、25、30体積％となるように変化させて
添加した（試料No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7）。これら混合粉末、
炭素繊維及び鉄製ボールを収容した鉄製のボールミル容
器を100 ℃の温度に保持するとともに、容器内を10-4To
rrに脱ガス処理し、次いで、Ａｒガス（純度99.9％以
上）置換を行い、その後、室温付近の温度下、回転数15
0rpmで10分間粉砕、混合化処理を行った。このようにし
て得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末を、99.99 ％以
上の高純度水素気流中にて焼鈍純化した。The mixed powder subjected to the mechanical alloying treatment is added with 30
Solid lubricant carbon fiber cut into ~ 40mm length
It was added while being changed so as to be 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30% by volume (Sample No. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7). These mixed powders,
An iron ball mill container containing carbon fibers and iron balls is maintained at a temperature of 100 ° C, and the inside of the container is kept at 10 -4 To
After degassing to rr, then substituting Ar gas (purity 99.9% or more), and then rotating at a rotation speed of 15 at room temperature.
The mixture was crushed at 0 rpm for 10 minutes and mixed. The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder thus obtained was annealed and purified in a high-purity hydrogen stream of 99.99% or more.
【００３６】焼鈍純化した固体潤滑剤含有金属粉末を、
電極を兼ねた上下パンチの間に充填し、黒鉛製ダイ及び
そのパンチを容器内の焼結ステージ上に設置し、上下電
極で挾んだ。次いで、それらを収容した容器内を５×10
-2Torrになるように排気して、粉末等に吸着しているガ
ス等を除去し、粉体を1000kgf／cm2の成形圧力で加圧し
た。続いて、パルス電流の印加により粉体表面の酸化物
等を除去し、活性化した後、直流電流2000Ａを印加した
（通電時間：３分）。このようにして、固体潤滑剤粒子
分散金属粉末を放電焼結法により焼結し、固体潤滑剤粒
子分散金属部材とした。得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金
属部材（試料No.1〜7 ）の原料混合比等を表１に示す。The annealed and purified metal powder containing a solid lubricant was
It was filled between upper and lower punches which also served as electrodes, the graphite die and the punches were placed on a sintering stage in a container, and sandwiched by the upper and lower electrodes. Then, 5 × 10 in the container that contains them
The mixture was evacuated to −2 Torr to remove the gas and the like adsorbed on the powder, and the powder was pressed at a molding pressure of 1000 kgf / cm 2 . Subsequently, a pulse current was applied to remove oxides and the like on the surface of the powder, and after activation, a direct current of 2000 A was applied (energization time: 3 minutes). In this way, the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder was sintered by a discharge sintering method to obtain a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member. Table 1 shows the raw material mixing ratios and the like of the obtained solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal members (Sample Nos. 1 to 7).
【００３７】〔比較例１〕粒径149 μｍ以下、純度99.9
9 ％の電解銅粉末と、平均粒径1.5μｍ以下の熱伝導性
六方晶ＢＮ粒子0.1 重量％と、粒径10〜60μｍのＰｂ粒
子2.0 重量％と、30〜40mmの長さに切断した固体潤滑剤
炭素繊維20体積％との混合粉末を用いて、高エネルギー
ボールミルにより分散及び機械的合金化を行った。Comparative Example 1 Particle size 149 μm or less, purity 99.9
9% electrolytic copper powder, 0.1% by weight of thermally conductive hexagonal BN particles with an average particle size of 1.5 μm or less, 2.0% by weight of Pb particles with a particle size of 10 to 60 μm, and a solid cut into a length of 30 to 40 mm. Dispersion and mechanical alloying were performed by a high energy ball mill using a mixed powder with a lubricant carbon fiber of 20% by volume.
【００３８】即ち、鉄製ボールを収容した鉄製のボール
ミル容器に混合粉末を装荷し、ボールミル容器を100 ℃
の温度に保持するとともに、容器内を10-4Torrに脱ガス
処理し、次いで、Ａｒガス（純度99.9％以上）置換を行
い、その後、室温付近の温度下、回転数150rpmで30時間
機械的合金化処理を行った。得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分
散金属粉末を、実施例１と同様にして焼鈍純化及び放電
焼結し、固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材とした。この固体
潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材（試料No.8）の原料混合比等を
表１に示す。That is, an iron ball mill container containing iron balls was loaded with the mixed powder and the ball mill container was heated to 100 ° C.
Temperature is maintained and the inside of the container is degassed to 10 -4 Torr, then Ar gas (purity 99.9% or more) is replaced, and then mechanically at a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 30 hours at a temperature near room temperature. It was alloyed. The obtained solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder was subjected to annealing purification and discharge sintering in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member. Table 1 shows the raw material mixing ratio of this solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 8).
【００３９】[0039]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００４０】〔実施例２〕電解銅粉末の代わりに粒径12
5 〜149 μｍ、純度99.99 ％のアルミニウム粉末を使用
する以外、実施例１と同様にして機械的合金化、粉砕、
混合化処理、焼鈍純化及び焼結を行い、固体潤滑剤粒子
分散金属部材を得た。[Example 2] Particle size of 12 instead of electrolytic copper powder
Mechanical alloying, pulverization, as in Example 1, except that aluminum powder having a particle size of 5 to 149 μm and a purity of 99.99% was used.
Mixing treatment, annealing purification and sintering were performed to obtain a solid lubricant particle dispersed metal member.
【００４１】〔実施例３〕電解銅粉末の代わりに粒径12
5 〜149 μｍ、純度99.99 ％の電解鉄粉末を使用する以
外、実施例１と同様にして機械的合金化、粉砕、混合化
処理、焼鈍純化及び焼結を行い、固体潤滑剤粒子分散金
属部材を得た。Example 3 A particle size of 12 was used instead of electrolytic copper powder.
A solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member was subjected to mechanical alloying, grinding, mixing treatment, annealing purification and sintering in the same manner as in Example 1 except that electrolytic iron powder having a particle size of 5 to 149 μm and a purity of 99.99% was used. Got
【００４２】〔実施例４〕実施例１と同様の原料を使用
するとともに、実施例１と同様にして機械的合金化及び
粉砕、混合化処理を行った。得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分
散金属粉末を肉厚３mmのＨＩＰ（熱間静水圧焼結）用軟
鋼カプセルに入れ、約500 〜600 ℃に加熱するととも
に、真空度５×10-4Torr以下になるまで真空排気脱ガス
した後、真空封止した。次いで、昇温速度10℃/minで昇
温し、焼結圧力2000kg／cm2 、焼結温度1000℃を２時間
保持してＨＩＰ処理を行うことにより焼結し、固体潤滑
剤粒子分散金属部材とした。Example 4 The same raw materials as in Example 1 were used, and mechanical alloying, pulverization and mixing treatment were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder is put into a mild steel capsule for HIP (hot isostatic pressing) having a thickness of 3 mm, heated to about 500 to 600 ° C., and a vacuum degree of 5 × 10 −4 Torr or less. After vacuum evacuation and degassing until complete, vacuum sealing was performed. Then, the temperature is raised at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, the sintering pressure is 2000 kg / cm 2 , and the sintering temperature is 1000 ° C. for 2 hours for HIP treatment to sinter the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member. And
【００４３】〔実施例５〕実施例１と同様にして製造し
た固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材を、鉄製の容器に装荷
し、10-4Torrに減圧密閉した。続いて、減圧密閉した部
材をステンレス製パイプに入れ、熱間圧縮成形加工（ス
エージング加工）を行った。スエージング加工では、80
0 〜900 ℃で１時間加熱保持し、試料の直径を２mm減肉
させる加熱工程を９回繰り返し、直径40mmの試料を直径
23mmまで縮小させた。得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属
部材は、組織が微細化されており、さらに基地粒子間同
士の結合力が強化され、強靱な成形体であった。Example 5 The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was loaded in an iron container and hermetically sealed under reduced pressure at 10 −4 Torr. Then, the member which was sealed under reduced pressure was put into a stainless steel pipe and subjected to hot compression molding (swaging). 80 for swaging
Heat the sample at a temperature of 0 to 900 ℃ for 1 hour and reduce the diameter of the sample by 2 mm. Repeat the heating process 9 times.
Reduced to 23mm. The obtained solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member had a fine structure, and the bonding force between the base particles was strengthened, and it was a tough molded body.
【００４４】〔試験例１〕実施例１及び比較例１で得ら
れた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材（試料No.1,4,8）の組
織を分析した。図１は、試料No.1の固体潤滑剤粒子分散
金属部材の組織を光学顕微鏡により分析した結果を示す
写真であり、図２は、試料No.4の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金
属部材の組織を光学顕微鏡により分析した結果を示す写
真である。図１及び図２より、これらの金属部材では、
白色相の基地中に針状又は粒状の黒色相である炭素繊維
が強固に結合され、粒子の脱落、空孔等の欠陥がなく、
極めて緻密な組織となっていることが分かる。また、こ
れら金属部材中では、Ｐｂ（黒鉛）が主に炭素繊維の周
囲に分散していることが分かる。[Test Example 1] The structures of the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal members (Sample Nos. 1, 4, 8) obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were analyzed. FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the result of analyzing the structure of the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member of sample No. 1 by an optical microscope, and FIG. 2 shows the structure of the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member of sample No. 4. It is a photograph which shows the result analyzed by the optical microscope. From FIGS. 1 and 2, in these metal members,
Needle-like or granular black carbon fibers are firmly bonded in the white phase matrix, and there are no particles such as defects and voids,
It can be seen that the organization is extremely precise. Further, it can be seen that in these metal members, Pb (graphite) is mainly dispersed around the carbon fibers.
【００４５】図３〜５に、試料No.4の固体潤滑剤粒子分
散金属部材のＸＭＡ分析結果を示す。図３はＳＥＭ像で
あり、図４は炭素分析、図５はＰｂ分析の結果を示す写
真である。母相中に分布している黒色相では高濃度の炭
素が検出され、更に同一部分にＰｂも検出された。一
方、図６は比較例１で得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属
部材（試料No.8）の組織を光学顕微鏡により分析した結
果を示す写真である。図６の写真中、扁平状の白色相は
基地であり、その周囲の紐状の黒色相は微細に粉砕され
たＰｂ（黒鉛）である。図６から明らかなように、本金
属部材は、母相粒子周囲が黒鉛微粉等により汚染され、
粒子間の結合力が著しく低下した脆弱な組織となってい
る。3 to 5 show the XMA analysis results of the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member of sample No. 4. FIG. 3 is a SEM image, FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the results of carbon analysis, and FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the results of Pb analysis. A high concentration of carbon was detected in the black phase distributed in the matrix, and Pb was also detected in the same portion. On the other hand, FIG. 6 is a photograph showing a result of analyzing the structure of the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 8) obtained in Comparative Example 1 by an optical microscope. In the photograph of FIG. 6, the flat white phase is a matrix, and the string-shaped black phase around the matrix is finely pulverized Pb (graphite). As is clear from FIG. 6, in the metal member, the periphery of the matrix particles was contaminated with graphite fine powder,
It is a fragile structure in which the bonding force between particles is significantly reduced.
【００４６】〔試験例２〕実施例１及び比較例１で得ら
れた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材（試料No.1〜8）につ
いて、以下のようにして摺動摩擦試験を行った。固定片
（φ11×13mm）に試料No.1〜8 、相手材である可動片
（130mm ×15mm×10mm）に純銅を用い、面圧25kg／c
m2 、摩擦速度0.2 m/s 、摩擦距離1000ｍの条件下、無
潤滑状態で試験を行った。結果を図７に示す。[Test Example 2] A sliding friction test was conducted on the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal members (Sample Nos. 1 to 8) obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 as follows. Sample No. 1 to 8 for the fixed piece (φ11 × 13mm) and pure copper for the movable piece (130mm × 15mm × 10mm), which is the mating material, and the surface pressure 25kg / c
The test was carried out under the condition of m 2 , friction speed of 0.2 m / s and friction distance of 1000 m without lubrication. FIG. 7 shows the results.
【００４７】試験結果より、実施例１で得られた固体潤
滑剤粒子分散金属部材の中でも、炭素繊維の添加量が５
〜25体積％である金属部材が好ましいことが分かった。
特に、炭素繊維の添加量が15〜20体積％である固体潤滑
剤粒子分散金属部材は、ほとんど摩耗がなく、耐摩耗性
に極めて優れていた。このような金属部材は、基地中に
分散している炭素繊維とＰｂとの相乗効果により、耐摩
耗性を向上させることができる。比較材である金属部材
（試料No.8）では、カジリや凝着等の摩耗が著しく発生
した。また、試験中に粒子の脱落が多く、摩擦距離200
ｍで試験不能になった。From the test results, in the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member obtained in Example 1, the amount of carbon fiber added was 5
It has been found that a metal component of ~ 25% by volume is preferred.
In particular, the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member containing 15 to 20% by volume of carbon fiber had almost no wear and was extremely excellent in wear resistance. Such a metal member can improve wear resistance due to the synergistic effect of Pb and carbon fibers dispersed in the matrix. The metal member (Sample No. 8), which is a comparative material, suffered significant wear such as galling and adhesion. Also, during the test, particles often dropped out and the friction distance was 200
I couldn't test at m.
【００４８】〔試験例３〕図６は、実施例１で得られた
固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材（試料No.3）を用いたカー
エアコン用斜板式圧縮機の断面図である。この圧縮機で
は、電磁クラッチの動作によりシャフト55が回転し、こ
のシャフト55に取付けられた斜板57がシャフト55の回転
とともに回転して揺動運動する。この揺動運動はピスト
ン53の往復運動を生じさせ、媒体の圧縮を行う。ピスト
ン53には斜板57と接触して摺動する摺動子59が設けられ
る。本試験例では、摺動子59に実施例１で得られた固体
潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材（試料No.3）を用いた。この圧
縮機をカーエアコンに組み込み、耐久試験を行った。[Test Example 3] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a swash plate compressor for a car air conditioner using the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 3) obtained in Example 1. In this compressor, the shaft 55 rotates due to the operation of the electromagnetic clutch, and the swash plate 57 attached to the shaft 55 rotates and swings as the shaft 55 rotates. This swinging motion causes a reciprocating motion of the piston 53 to compress the medium. The piston 53 is provided with a slider 59 that comes into contact with the swash plate 57 and slides. In this test example, the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 3) obtained in Example 1 was used for the slider 59. This compressor was incorporated into a car air conditioner and a durability test was conducted.
【００４９】試験条件は、回転数：5500rpm 、吐出ガス
圧：30kg/cm2、吸入側ガス圧：２kg/cm2、試験時間：50
0 hr、潤滑油：ポリアレキレングリコール、冷媒：Ｒ１
３４ａであった。なお、比較のため、シリンダにＢ３９
０合金、ピストンリング材にＰＴＦＥ＋30体積％炭素繊
維＋２体積％ＣａＦ2の組合せについても同様の試験を
行った。The test conditions were as follows: rotation speed: 5500 rpm, discharge gas pressure: 30 kg / cm 2 , suction side gas pressure: 2 kg / cm 2 , test time: 50
0 hr, lubricating oil: polyarylene glycol, refrigerant: R1
It was 34a. For comparison, the cylinder has B39
The same test was performed for the combination of 0 alloy and piston ring material with PTFE + 30% by volume carbon fiber + 2% by volume CaF 2 .
【００５０】試験開始１時間後及び500 時間後における
体積効率と全断熱効率を測定した。体積効率はシリンダ
ボアの理論容積と吐出量との比率であり、シリンダボア
とピストンリング間にギャップが生じると体積効率は低
下する。全断熱効率は、回転エネルギーから変換された
熱エネルギーが圧縮機の冷却エネルギーに寄与する率で
あり、シリンダボアとピストンリング間にギャップが生
じると全断熱効率も低下する。従って、これらはコンプ
レッサの耐久性の目安になり、低下の少ないものが耐久
性に優れる。The volume efficiency and total adiabatic efficiency were measured 1 hour and 500 hours after the start of the test. The volumetric efficiency is the ratio of the theoretical volume of the cylinder bore to the discharge amount, and the volumetric efficiency decreases when a gap is created between the cylinder bore and the piston ring. The total adiabatic efficiency is the rate at which the thermal energy converted from the rotational energy contributes to the cooling energy of the compressor, and the total adiabatic efficiency also decreases if a gap is created between the cylinder bore and the piston ring. Therefore, these serve as a guideline for the durability of the compressor, and those having less deterioration are excellent in durability.
【００５１】試料No.3の金属部材を組み込んだ圧縮機
は、500 時間後でも体積効率が60％、全断熱効率が57％
であり、両者ともに低下が少なく、耐久性に優れてい
た。これに対し、シリンダにＢ３９０合金、ピストンリ
ング材にＰＴＦＥ＋30体積％炭素繊維＋２体積％ＣａＦ
2を用いた組合せについては、体積効率が52％、全断熱
効率が49％であった。The compressor incorporating the metal member of Sample No. 3 has a volume efficiency of 60% and a total adiabatic efficiency of 57% even after 500 hours.
In both cases, the deterioration was small and the durability was excellent. On the other hand, the cylinder uses B390 alloy, and the piston ring material uses PTFE + 30% by volume carbon fiber + 2% by volume CaF.
For the combination using 2 , the volumetric efficiency was 52% and the total adiabatic efficiency was 49%.
【００５２】[0052]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、高強度及び高耐摩耗性
を有する固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材が得られ、圧縮機
等の摺動部材として極めて有効である。また、この固体
潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材は、熱伝導性及び電気伝導性に
も優れるため、真空遮断器用電極、パンタグラフのスラ
イダー等としても極めて有効である。According to the present invention, a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member having high strength and high wear resistance can be obtained and is extremely effective as a sliding member for a compressor or the like. Further, this solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member is also excellent in thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and therefore is extremely effective as a vacuum circuit breaker electrode, a pantograph slider, and the like.
【図１】実施例１で得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部
材（試料No.1）の金属組織を示す顕微鏡写真である。FIG. 1 is a micrograph showing the metal structure of a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 1) obtained in Example 1.
【図２】実施例１で得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部
材（試料No.4）の金属組織を示す顕微鏡写真である。2 is a micrograph showing a metal structure of a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 4) obtained in Example 1. FIG.
【図３】実施例１で得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部
材（試料No.4）の金属組織を示すＳＥＭ像の写真であ
る。FIG. 3 is a photograph of an SEM image showing the metal structure of the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 4) obtained in Example 1.
【図４】実施例１で得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部
材（試料No.4）の組織（Ｃ）のＸＭＡ分析結果を示す写
真である。FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the XMA analysis result of the structure (C) of the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 4) obtained in Example 1.
【図５】実施例１で得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部
材（試料No.4）の組織（Ｐｂ）のＸＭＡ分析結果を示す
写真である。5 is a photograph showing an XMA analysis result of the structure (Pb) of the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 4) obtained in Example 1. FIG.
【図６】比較例１で得られた固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部
材（試料No.8）の金属組織を示す顕微鏡写真である。6 is a micrograph showing a metal structure of a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member (Sample No. 8) obtained in Comparative Example 1. FIG.
【図７】実施例１及び比較例１で得られた固体潤滑剤粒
子分散金属部材について摺動摩耗試験を行った結果を示
す棒グラフである。7 is a bar graph showing the results of a sliding wear test performed on the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal members obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. FIG.
【図８】試験例３で使用した斜板式圧縮機の断面図を示
す。FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a swash plate compressor used in Test Example 3.
51…シリンダブロック、52…シリンダボア、53…ピスト
ン、54…中心孔、55…シャフト、56…軸受、57…斜板、
58…スプリングピン、59…摺動子51 ... Cylinder block, 52 ... Cylinder bore, 53 ... Piston, 54 ... Center hole, 55 ... Shaft, 56 ... Bearing, 57 ... Swash plate,
58 ... Spring pin, 59 ... Slider
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｃ２２Ｃ 33/02 １０３ Ｃ２２Ｃ 33/02 １０３Ａ (72)発明者 馬場 昇 茨城県日立市大みか町七丁目１番１号 株 式会社日立製作所日立研究所内─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification number Reference number within the agency FI Technical display location C22C 33/02 103 C22C 33/02 103A (72) Inventor Noboru Baba 7-chome, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 1 in Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory
Claims (17)
あって、金属基地中にセラミックス微粒子、金属固体潤
滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維が分散してなることを特
徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材。1. A solid lubricant obtained by mechanical alloying, wherein ceramic fine particles, metal solid lubricant particles, and solid lubricant short fibers are dispersed in a metal matrix. Particle-dispersed metal member.
固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維が分散してなる固
体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材において、金属固体潤滑剤粒
子が主に固体潤滑剤短繊維の周囲に分散していることを
特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材。2. A solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member comprising fine ceramic particles, metal solid lubricant particles and solid lubricant short fibers dispersed in a metal matrix, wherein the metal solid lubricant particles are mainly solid lubricant short fibers. A solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member, characterized in that the metal member is dispersed around the solid lubricant particle.
体であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の固体潤
滑剤粒子分散金属部材。3. The solid lubricant particle dispersed metal member according to claim 1, wherein the solid lubricant particle dispersed metal member is a sintered body.
あって、金属粉末内部にセラミックス微粒子、金属固体
潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維が分散してなることを
特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末。4. A solid lubricant obtained by mechanical alloying, comprising ceramic fine particles, metal solid lubricant particles, and solid lubricant short fibers dispersed in the metal powder. Particle-dispersed metal powder.
属固体潤滑剤粒子及び固体潤滑剤短繊維が分散してなる
固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末において、金属固体潤滑剤
粒子が主に固体潤滑剤短繊維の周囲に分散していること
を特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末。5. A solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder comprising ceramic fine particles, metal solid lubricant particles, and solid lubricant short fibers dispersed in the metal powder, wherein the metal solid lubricant particles are mainly solid lubricant short fibers. A solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder, characterized in that it is dispersed around the circumference of.
鉄から選ばれる少なくとも１種からなることを特徴とす
る請求項４又は５記載の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末。6. The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder according to claim 4, wherein the metal powder comprises at least one selected from copper, aluminum and iron.
Ｎ、Ａｌ2Ｏ3及びＢ4Ｃから選ばれる少なくとも１種か
らなることを特徴とする請求項４又は５記載の固体潤滑
剤粒子分散金属粉末。7. The fine ceramic particles are BN or Al.
The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder according to claim 4 or 5, comprising at least one selected from N, Al 2 O 3 and B 4 C.
及びＢｉから選ばれる少なくとも１種からなることを特
徴とする請求項４又は５記載の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属
粉末。8. The metal solid lubricant particles are Pb, Sb.
And at least one selected from Bi, The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder according to claim 4 or 5, wherein
ことを特徴とする請求項４又は５記載の固体潤滑剤粒子
分散金属粉末。9. The solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder according to claim 4, wherein the solid lubricant short fibers are carbon fibers.
1.0 重量％、金属固体潤滑剤粒子の含有量が0.5 〜10重
量％、固体潤滑剤短繊維の含有量が５〜25体積％である
ことを特徴とする請求項４又は５記載の固体潤滑剤粒子
分散金属粉末。10. The content of ceramic fine particles is 0.01 to.
6. The solid lubricant according to claim 4, wherein the content of the metal solid lubricant particles is 0.5 to 10% by weight, and the content of the solid lubricant short fibers is 5 to 25% by volume. Particle-dispersed metal powder.
セラミックス微粒子及び金属固体潤滑粒子を分散させる
第１段工程と、前記セラミックス微粒子及び金属固体潤
滑粒子を分散させた金属粉末と固体潤滑剤短繊維とを混
合し、前記金属固体潤滑剤粒子を主に前記固体潤滑剤短
繊維の周囲に分散させる第２段工程とを有することを特
徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末の製造法。11. A first-stage step of dispersing ceramic fine particles and metal solid lubricating particles inside a metal powder by mechanical alloying, and a metal powder and a solid lubricant short in which the ceramic fine particles and metal solid lubricating particles are dispersed. A second stage step of mixing the metal solid lubricant particles with the fibers to disperse the metal solid lubricant particles mainly around the solid lubricant short fibers.
属固体潤滑粒子を金属製ボールとともに金属製容器内に
収容し、前記金属製容器を回転させることにより前記金
属粉末を塑性変形させるのに十分な押圧力となり得る遠
心力を前記金属製ボールに付与し、前記金属製ボールの
遠心力によって前記金属粉末、セラミックス微粒子及び
金属固体潤滑粒子を押圧することにより、前記機械的合
金化を行うことを特徴とする請求項１１記載の固体潤滑
剤粒子分散金属粉末の製造法。12. A pressing force sufficient to plastically deform the metal powder by accommodating the metal powder, the ceramic fine particles and the metal solid lubricating particles together with the metal balls in a metal container and rotating the metal container. The mechanical alloying is performed by applying a centrifugal force that can become the metallic balls to the metallic balls and pressing the metallic powder, the ceramic fine particles and the metallic solid lubricating particles by the centrifugal force of the metallic balls. The method for producing a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder according to claim 11.
前記第２段工程の分散を５〜10分間行うことを特徴とす
る請求項１１記載の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末の製造
法。13. The mechanical alloying is carried out for 30 to 50 hours,
The method for producing a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder according to claim 11, wherein the dispersion in the second step is performed for 5 to 10 minutes.
潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末を焼結することを特徴とする固
体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材の製造法。14. A method for producing a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member, which comprises sintering the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder according to any one of claims 4 to 10.
潤滑剤粒子分散金属粉末を焼結した後、さらに熱処理す
ることを特徴とする固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材の製造
法。15. A method for producing a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member, which comprises sintering the solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal powder according to claim 4 and further heat treatment.
又はＨＩＰにより行うことを特徴とする請求項１４又は
１５記載の固体潤滑剤粒子分散金属部材の製造法。16. The method for producing a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member according to claim 14, wherein the sintering is performed by discharge sintering, hot pressing or HIP.
を行うことを特徴とする請求項１５記載の固体潤滑剤粒
子分散金属部材の製造法。17. The method for manufacturing a solid lubricant particle-dispersed metal member according to claim 15, wherein swaging is performed as the heat treatment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8141627A JPH09324228A (en) | 1996-06-04 | 1996-06-04 | Metallic member containing dispersed solid lubricant grain, and its production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8141627A JPH09324228A (en) | 1996-06-04 | 1996-06-04 | Metallic member containing dispersed solid lubricant grain, and its production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09324228A true JPH09324228A (en) | 1997-12-16 |
Family
ID=15296445
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8141627A Pending JPH09324228A (en) | 1996-06-04 | 1996-06-04 | Metallic member containing dispersed solid lubricant grain, and its production |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09324228A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002311187A (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Production method for radioactive material storing member and billet for extrusion molding |
| JP2003049207A (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-21 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for manufacturing sintered compact, and compact to be sintered for spark plasma sintering |
| DE102011007362A1 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-10-18 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Method for producing a lead-free plain bearing material |
-
1996
- 1996-06-04 JP JP8141627A patent/JPH09324228A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002311187A (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Production method for radioactive material storing member and billet for extrusion molding |
| US6902697B2 (en) | 2001-04-19 | 2005-06-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of manufacturing a radioactive-substance storage member, billet for use in extrusion of the same, and square pipe |
| JP2003049207A (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-21 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for manufacturing sintered compact, and compact to be sintered for spark plasma sintering |
| JP4617027B2 (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2011-01-19 | 富士重工業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing sintered body |
| DE102011007362A1 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-10-18 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Method for producing a lead-free plain bearing material |
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