JPH09209013A - Detection of clogging of iron tapping hole by picture processing and method for releasing clogging - Google Patents
Detection of clogging of iron tapping hole by picture processing and method for releasing cloggingInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09209013A JPH09209013A JP1445596A JP1445596A JPH09209013A JP H09209013 A JPH09209013 A JP H09209013A JP 1445596 A JP1445596 A JP 1445596A JP 1445596 A JP1445596 A JP 1445596A JP H09209013 A JPH09209013 A JP H09209013A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- clogging
- tapping hole
- taphole
- iron
- diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Landscapes
- Blast Furnaces (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、画像処理による出
銑口詰まり検知方法及び詰まり解消方法に関し、特に、
高炉出銑口中における出銑口の映像の輝度分布を画像処
理により測定し、出銑口の詰まりを検知し、かつ、詰ま
りを解消するための新規な改良に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for detecting clogging at a taphole by image processing and a method for eliminating clogging, and in particular,
The present invention relates to a new improvement for measuring the luminance distribution of an image of a taphole in a blast furnace taphole by image processing, detecting clogging of the taphole, and eliminating the clogging.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に高炉出銑作業は、高炉出銑口内に
充填されたマッド材に任意の直径の金棒を打ち込み、そ
の後、引き抜いて高炉内部にたまった溶銑を炉外に排出
することである。一度出銑開始すると平均２時間から４
時間中出銑し続け、炉内が空になり排出物が無くなると
再び出銑口内にマッド材を充填して次回出銑までマッド
焼成を実施している。この出銑中において炉内のコーク
スが急に出銑口に詰まったり、炉内から飛び出る溶銑、
スラグが出銑口下部の方に垂れて固まりそれが成長する
ことにより出銑口が閉鎖することがある。このように出
銑口が詰まったり、閉鎖すると炉内の溶銑、スラグの排
出が不可能となり炉内に多くの溶銑、スラグが溜まる。
するとそれに起因し炉内の通気性が悪化し高炉装入物の
不安定降下やスリップ、吹き抜けといった異常炉況現象
を引き起こす。更に多くの溶銑、スラグが炉内に溜まる
と高炉の羽口レベルに達し羽口を溶損させ大きなトラブ
ルとなる。このため、従来は高炉炉前作業者が常に出銑
口を直接監視し、出銑口の詰まり及び閉鎖が起こったと
判断すると、再度金棒を出銑口に打ち込み炉内の溶銑、
スラグの排出を促進するようにしていた。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, blast furnace tapping operation is to drive a mud material filled in the blast furnace tap hole with a gold rod having an arbitrary diameter, and then pull it out to discharge the hot metal accumulated inside the blast furnace to the outside of the furnace. . Once tapping starts, an average of 2 hours to 4
When the furnace is emptied and there are no emissions, the mud material is filled into the taphole again and mud firing is performed until the next tapping. During this tapping, the coke inside the furnace suddenly clogs the taphole, or the hot metal that jumps out of the furnace,
The slag may hang down toward the bottom of the taphole and harden and grow to close the taphole. If the taphole is clogged or closed in this way, it becomes impossible to discharge the hot metal and slag in the furnace, and a large amount of hot metal and slag accumulate in the furnace.
As a result, the air permeability in the furnace deteriorates, causing abnormal furnace conditions such as unstable falling of blast furnace charge, slipping, and blow-through. When more hot metal and slag accumulate in the furnace, they reach the tuyere level of the blast furnace, causing the tuyere to melt and become a major problem. Therefore, conventionally, a blast furnace pre-worker always directly monitors the tap hole, and when it is determined that clogging and closing of the tap hole have occurred, the gold rod is again driven into the tap hole, the hot metal in the furnace,
I tried to promote the discharge of slag.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の出銑口詰まり及
び解消方法は、以上のように構成されていたため、次の
ような課題が存在していた。すなわち、出銑口周辺は非
常に高温で、しかも粉塵、煙、火花等が発生する極めて
極悪環境であり、操業者が常時監視するには非常に苛酷
である。またこの監視業務をカメラを通して遠隔で行う
としても、常時このモニターのまえに常駐しなければな
らないうえに、映像は極悪環境が故に非常に見づらく、
出銑口の詰まり、閉鎖の検知は熟練した作業者の判断が
必要であるという問題点があった。また作業者が出銑口
の詰まり、閉塞を見落とした場合は金棒を打ち込むタイ
ミングが遅れ高炉は非常に不安定な状況となっていた。Since the conventional method for clogging and clearing the tap hole is constituted as described above, the following problems exist. That is, the area around the taphole is extremely hot, and there is an extremely terrible environment in which dust, smoke, sparks, etc. are generated, and it is extremely harsh for the operator to constantly monitor. Also, even if this monitoring work is done remotely through a camera, it must always be present in front of this monitor, and the image is very difficult to see because of the terrible environment.
There is a problem in that the detection of clogging and closure of the taphole requires the judgment of a skilled worker. In addition, when the worker overlooked the clogging of the taphole and missed the blockage, the timing of driving the gold rod was delayed and the blast furnace was in a very unstable state.
【０００４】本発明は、以上のような課題を解決するた
めになされたもので、特に、操業者が出銑口を常時監視
する必要なく、かつ作業者としての多年の経験を要する
事なく出銑口の詰まり、閉鎖の検知を速やかに行い即座
に金棒打ち込み炉内の溶銑、スラグの排出を促進するこ
とができる画像処理による出銑口詰まり検知及び詰まり
解消方法を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and in particular, the operator does not need to constantly monitor the taphole and does not require many years of experience as an operator. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting a clogging at a taphole and a clogging elimination method by image processing, which can promptly detect clogging and closure of a pigtail and promptly accelerate discharge of molten pig iron and slag in a gold rod driving furnace. .
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明による画像処理に
よる出銑口詰まり検知方法は、高炉出銑中において、前
記出銑口の映像を撮像カメラで取り込み、前記映像内の
あらかじめ設定したライン上の輝度分布を画像処理によ
り測定し、あらかじめ設定した輝度以上の連なった直線
部分の長さを出銑口径と判断し、前記出銑口径があらか
じめ設定した直径以下になったとき、前記出銑口の詰ま
りと判断する方法である。According to the method for detecting clogging of a taphole by image processing according to the present invention, an image of the taphole is captured by an image pickup camera during tapping of the blast furnace, and a preset line in the video is taken. The brightness distribution is measured by image processing, and the length of the continuous straight line portion having a brightness equal to or higher than the preset brightness is determined as the tap hole diameter, and when the tap hole diameter becomes equal to or less than the preset diameter, the tap hole This is a method to judge that the jam has occurred.
【０００６】さらに詳細には、前記長さをドット数で表
す方法である。More specifically, it is a method of expressing the length by the number of dots.
【０００７】本発明による画像処理による出銑口詰まり
解消方法は、請求項１記載の方法により前記出銑口の詰
まりを検出した場合、警報を発生し、金棒を前記出銑口
に打ち込み前記高炉内の溶銑、スラグの排出を促進させ
る方法である。According to the method for eliminating clogging of a taphole by image processing according to the present invention, when a clogging of the taphole is detected by the method according to claim 1, an alarm is generated and a gold rod is driven into the taphole to cause the blast furnace. This is a method of promoting the discharge of hot metal and slag inside.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】以下本発明による画像処理による
出銑口詰まり検知及び詰まり解消方法の好適な実施の形
態について詳細に説明する。図１において符号１で示さ
れるものは、高炉の出銑口であり、この出銑口１の上方
位置にはＣＣＤカメラからなる撮像カメラ２が設けら
れ、この撮像カメラ２で撮像した出銑口１の映像６は警
報装置４を有する周知の画像処理装置３に取り込まれて
画像処理され、この画像処理装置３は外部からの制御信
号である外部信号５によって処理動作が与えられるよう
に構成されている。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A preferred embodiment of a method for detecting clogging at a taphole and a method for eliminating clogging by image processing according to the present invention will be described in detail below. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a taphole of the blast furnace, and an image pickup camera 2 composed of a CCD camera is provided above the taphole 1 and the taphole imaged by the image pickup camera 2 is provided. The image 6 of No. 1 is taken into a known image processing device 3 having an alarm device 4 and subjected to image processing, and the image processing device 3 is configured to be processed by an external signal 5 which is a control signal from the outside. ing.
【０００９】次に、動作について述べる。まず、前記出
銑口１を撮像カメラ２で撮影する。この撮像カメラ２の
設置場所としては出銑口１の出銑口径の変化が最も良く
みえ、撮像カメラ２のメンテナンスが容易である位置が
よいため、出銑口１に向かって上下、左右とも４５度づ
つずれた位置とした。なお前記撮像カメラ２は高輻射熱
から保護するために図示しない水冷ボックスに格納され
環境対策が施されている。なお、この水冷ボックスは、
ガラスが摺動して取替が容易にできるように構成されて
いる。前記出銑口１を示す映像６内に出銑口１の中心を
垂直に切断するライン７をあらかじめ設定する。このラ
イン７は高炉内から飛び出る溶銑、スラグが出銑口１下
部の方に垂れて固まりそれが成長することを特に検知で
きるようにかつ出銑口１の真の出銑口径１０を測定でき
るように設定した。Next, the operation will be described. First, the taphole 1 is photographed by the image pickup camera 2. As for the installation location of the imaging camera 2, the change in the tap hole diameter of the tap hole 1 is most visible, and the position where the imaging camera 2 is easily maintained is good. The positions were shifted from each other. The image pickup camera 2 is housed in a water cooling box (not shown) to protect it from high radiation heat, and environmental measures are taken. In addition, this water cooling box,
The glass slides so that it can be replaced easily. A line 7 for vertically cutting the center of the taphole 1 is preset in the image 6 showing the taphole 1. This line 7 is designed so that the molten iron and slag that jumps out of the blast furnace hang down toward the bottom of the taphole 1 and solidify and can be detected, and the true taphole diameter 10 of the taphole 1 can be measured. Set to.
【００１０】前記ライン７上の輝度分布８を画像処理装
置３により表し、輝度は０から２５５の全２５６階調で
測定される。前記輝度分布８内に所定レベルの設定輝度
９を設け、その設定輝度９以上に対応する連なった直線
部分の長さを出銑口径１０としてドット数で計算する。
この設定輝度９は輝度分布８の立ち上がりが敏感でかつ
出銑口１が詰まったときにそこまでは達しないというこ
とから全階調２５６の６０％に当たる１５０階調に設定
している。The brightness distribution 8 on the line 7 is represented by the image processing device 3, and the brightness is measured in all 256 gradations from 0 to 255. A predetermined level of set brightness 9 is provided in the brightness distribution 8, and the length of the continuous straight line portion corresponding to the set brightness 9 or higher is calculated with the number of dots as the tap hole diameter 10.
The set brightness 9 is set to 150 gradations, which is 60% of the total gradation 256, because the rising of the brightness distribution 8 is sensitive and it does not reach that when the taphole 1 is clogged.
【００１１】前記画像処理装置３は出銑開始の外部信号
５を受けてからスタートし、出銑終了の外部信号５を受
けると処理動作が止まる。従って、この出銑口径１０は
５分毎に画像処理装置３で計算・検出される。この出銑
開始から終了までの間で、出銑口径１０が設定直径１１
以下になると警報装置４により作業者に警報がアナウン
スされる。この設定直径１１は通常出銑口径１０が５０
ドットであることにより全体の３０％に当たる１５ドッ
トに設定する。従って、例えば、図４に示すようにｔ１
からｔ２まで出銑口径１０が存在しない場合には、継続
して警報がアナウンスされる。前述の警報アナウンスが
行われた後に、作業者は即座に金棒（図示せず）を出銑
口１に打ち込み高炉内の溶銑、スラグの排出を促進する
ことができる。The image processing apparatus 3 starts after receiving the external signal 5 for starting the tapping, and stops the processing operation when receiving the external signal 5 for ending the tapping. Therefore, the tap diameter 10 is calculated and detected by the image processing device 3 every 5 minutes. From the start to the end of tapping, the tap diameter 10 is the set diameter 11
When the following occurs, an alarm is announced to the worker by the alarm device 4. This set diameter 11 is usually 50 for the tap hole diameter 10.
Since it is a dot, it is set to 15 dots which is 30% of the whole. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG.
If the tap diameter 10 does not exist from to t2, the alarm is continuously announced. After the above-mentioned alarm announcement is performed, the worker can immediately drive a gold rod (not shown) into the taphole 1 to accelerate the discharge of the hot metal and slag in the blast furnace.
【００１２】本発明は以上の工程より成り立っており、
自動的にこの処理が実行され、出銑口１の詰まりの状況
が検知され、出銑口１の閉鎖時には作業者に警報がアナ
ウンスされ、作業者は即座に前記金棒を出銑口１に打ち
込み高炉内の溶銑、スラグの排出を促進することができ
る。The present invention comprises the above steps,
This process is automatically executed, the clogging situation of the tap 1 is detected, an alarm is announced to the worker when the tap 1 is closed, and the worker immediately drives the gold rod into the tap 1. It is possible to accelerate the discharge of hot metal and slag in the blast furnace.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の効果】本発明による画像処理による出銑口詰ま
り検知及び詰まり解消方法は、以上のように構成されて
いるため、次のような効果を得ることができる。すなわ
ち、作業者が常時出銑口を監視していなくても出銑口の
輝度分布に基づいて画像処理を行うことにより、出銑口
の詰まり、閉鎖時には自動的に警報アナウンスされ、即
座に金棒を出銑口に打ち込み炉内の溶銑、スラグの排出
を促進することができる。しかも作業者は熟練でなくて
もよく、詰まり、閉鎖の判断は非常に画一化され高効率
な高炉出銑作業ができる。Since the method for detecting clogging of a taphole by image processing and the method for eliminating clogging according to the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained. That is, even if the worker does not constantly monitor the taphole, by performing image processing based on the luminance distribution of the taphole, an alarm is automatically announced when the taphole is clogged or closed, and the gold bar is immediately pressed. Can be driven into the tap hole to accelerate the discharge of hot metal and slag in the furnace. Moreover, the worker does not need to be skilled, and the judgment of clogging and closure is very uniform, and highly efficient blast furnace tapping work can be performed.
【図１】本発明による画像処理による出銑口詰まり検知
方法及び詰まり解消方法の概略構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a tap hole clogging detection method and clogging elimination method by image processing according to the present invention.
【図２】出銑口の映像図である。FIG. 2 is a video diagram of a taphole.
【図３】図２の映像内の設定ラインにおける輝度分布図
である。FIG. 3 is a luminance distribution diagram in a setting line in the image of FIG.
【図４】出銑口径の推移例を示す特性図である。FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a transition example of a tap diameter.
１ 出銑口 ２ 撮像カメラ ３ 画像処理装置 ４ 警報装置 ５ 外部信号 ６ 映像 ７ 設定ライン ８ 輝度分布 ９ 設定輝度 １０ 出銑口径 １１ 設定直径 1 tap hole 2 imaging camera 3 image processing device 4 alarm device 5 external signal 6 image 7 setting line 8 brightness distribution 9 setting brightness 10 tapping hole diameter 11 setting diameter
Claims (3)
映像(6)を撮像カメラ(2)で取り込み、前記映像(6)内の
あらかじめ設定したライン(7)上の輝度分布(8)を画像処
理により測定し、あらかじめ設定した輝度以上の連なっ
た直線部分の長さを出銑口径(10)と判断し、前記出銑口
径(10)があらかじめ設定した直径以下になったとき、前
記出銑口(1)の詰まりと判断することを特徴とする画像
処理による出銑口詰まり検知方法。1. A luminosity distribution on a line (7) set in advance in the image (6) by capturing an image (6) of the tap hole (1) with an imaging camera (2) during tapping of the blast furnace. (8) was measured by image processing, and the length of the straight line portion that was continuous over the preset brightness was judged to be the tap hole diameter (10), and the tap hole diameter (10) became less than or equal to the preset diameter. At this time, a clogging of the taphole (1) is determined by image processing.
する請求項１記載の画像処理による出銑口詰まり検知方
法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length is represented by the number of dots.
(1)の詰まりを検出した場合、警報を発生し、金棒を前
記出銑口(1)に打ち込み前記高炉内の溶銑、スラグの排
出を促進させることを特徴とする画像処理による出銑口
詰まり解消方法。3. The taphole according to the method of claim 1.
When the clogging of (1) is detected, an alarm is generated, and a metal rod is driven into the tap hole (1) to promote the discharge of the hot metal and slag in the blast furnace, and the clogging of the tap hole by image processing is characterized. How to resolve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1445596A JPH09209013A (en) | 1996-01-30 | 1996-01-30 | Detection of clogging of iron tapping hole by picture processing and method for releasing clogging |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1445596A JPH09209013A (en) | 1996-01-30 | 1996-01-30 | Detection of clogging of iron tapping hole by picture processing and method for releasing clogging |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09209013A true JPH09209013A (en) | 1997-08-12 |
Family
ID=11861526
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1445596A Withdrawn JPH09209013A (en) | 1996-01-30 | 1996-01-30 | Detection of clogging of iron tapping hole by picture processing and method for releasing clogging |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09209013A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005264307A (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for measuring flowing-out diameter of slag of molten pig iron from molten pig iron tapping hole of blast furnace |
| JP2006249562A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for controlling hydraulic boring machine for iron tapping hole |
| JP2007002307A (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-01-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method and instrument for measuring diameter of molten iron tapping hole of blast furnace |
| KR101236012B1 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2013-02-21 | 현대제철 주식회사 | apparatus for inspecting liquidity of powdered coal |
| KR101355088B1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-01-23 | 주식회사 포스코 | Apparatus for removing adherent steel of tilting strand |
| KR101403080B1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-06-02 | 주식회사 포스코 | Apparatus for centering hole drilling machine |
| CN109118529A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-01 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | A kind of screw hole Image Quick Orientation method of view-based access control model |
| JP2019026883A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Device for measuring molten slag amount and method for measuring molten slag amount |
| CN115595388A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-13 | 合肥视展光电科技有限公司（Cn） | Blast furnace tapping operation control method based on molten iron flowing state and electronic equipment |
| CN115612765A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-17 | 合肥视展光电科技有限公司 | Real-time detection control method and system for state of blast furnace taphole |
-
1996
- 1996-01-30 JP JP1445596A patent/JPH09209013A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005264307A (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for measuring flowing-out diameter of slag of molten pig iron from molten pig iron tapping hole of blast furnace |
| JP2006249562A (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2006-09-21 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for controlling hydraulic boring machine for iron tapping hole |
| JP2007002307A (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-01-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method and instrument for measuring diameter of molten iron tapping hole of blast furnace |
| KR101236012B1 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2013-02-21 | 현대제철 주식회사 | apparatus for inspecting liquidity of powdered coal |
| KR101403080B1 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-06-02 | 주식회사 포스코 | Apparatus for centering hole drilling machine |
| KR101355088B1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-01-23 | 주식회사 포스코 | Apparatus for removing adherent steel of tilting strand |
| JP2019026883A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-02-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Device for measuring molten slag amount and method for measuring molten slag amount |
| CN109118529A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-01 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | A kind of screw hole Image Quick Orientation method of view-based access control model |
| CN115595388A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-13 | 合肥视展光电科技有限公司（Cn） | Blast furnace tapping operation control method based on molten iron flowing state and electronic equipment |
| CN115612765A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-17 | 合肥视展光电科技有限公司 | Real-time detection control method and system for state of blast furnace taphole |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR100370228B1 (en) | System and method for minimizing slag carryover during the production of steel | |
| KR100548119B1 (en) | Molten metal temperature measuring instrument and method | |
| JPH09209013A (en) | Detection of clogging of iron tapping hole by picture processing and method for releasing clogging | |
| KR101223104B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for monitoring an operation of iron ＆ steel-making furnace | |
| JP6164173B2 (en) | Converter discharge flow determination device, converter discharge flow determination method, hot metal pretreatment method, and converter pretreatment operation method | |
| JPWO2010064727A1 (en) | Hot metal temperature detection method and blast furnace operation method using the same | |
| JP5444692B2 (en) | Slag outflow detection method | |
| AU657801B2 (en) | Ceramic welding method and apparatus | |
| CN106795573B (en) | Method and device for determining the ignition time point in an oxygen converting process | |
| JP2010236743A (en) | Slag discharge system and slag discharge method | |
| EP0162949B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring slag-forming conditions within converter | |
| JP4542471B2 (en) | Measuring method and measuring device for blast furnace outlet diameter | |
| JP4238165B2 (en) | Measuring method of dredging diameter of blast furnace outlet | |
| JP7243520B2 (en) | Slag Discharge Method in Converter Type Hot Metal Pretreatment | |
| JP6515342B2 (en) | Blast furnace tuyere closure removal device and blast furnace tuyere closure removal method | |
| JPH07175931A (en) | Slag height measuring device | |
| JP3242315B2 (en) | Gate monitoring method for waste melting furnace | |
| JP2001269770A (en) | Method for automatically detecting abnormality in molten metal treating facility | |
| JP4032582B2 (en) | Lance management method and management device for smelting furnace | |
| JPS60125307A (en) | Method for detecting clogging of powder blowing pipe communicating with tuyere or blast furnace | |
| JP5281315B2 (en) | Slag solidification determination device, slag solidification determination program, and slag solidification determination method | |
| JP2001247911A (en) | Method for detecting abnormality in feeding of wire for component addition | |
| JP2004037163A (en) | Temperature measuring apparatus in molten metal | |
| JPH056654B2 (en) | ||
| JPH07166229A (en) | Instrument for measuring developing quantity of splash in vacuum refining vessel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 20030401 |