JPH09202153A - Rotation transmission device of four wheel drive - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device to mechanically changeover transmission of the drive force during the acceleration and shut-off of the drive force during the braking to a rear wheel of a four wheel drive. SOLUTION: Differential gears or a differential limitting device and an internal member 23 are connected to a rear wheel propeller shaft in series, a cylindrical surface and a cam surface 27 forming a wedge-shaped space are formed on the opposite plate to an outer wheel 21 to be connected to the internal member 23 and the rear wheel, a roller 30 of an engagement element is assembled with a pocket 29 of a holder 28 provided therebetween, and a unidirectional ratchet is connected to the holder 28. A coil spring 33 to give the rotational resistance is fitted between the holder 28 and the internal member 23, the direction of the rotational resistance to be applied to the holder 28 is changed by operating the unidirectional ratchet, the delay direction of the holder to the internal member 23 is changed over to set the roller 30 in the engaging condition in the forward/reverse rotational direction.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、４輪駆動車の後
輪に駆動力を伝達する回転伝達装置、詳しくは、４輪駆
動車における加速時の駆動力の伝達と制動時の駆動力の
遮断の切り換えに用いられる回転伝達装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotation transmitting device for transmitting a driving force to rear wheels of a four-wheel drive vehicle, and more specifically, to transmitting a driving force during acceleration and a driving force during braking in a four-wheel drive vehicle. The present invention relates to a rotation transmission device used for switching between interruptions.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、発進、加速時の駆動力・走破性を
高める４輪駆動車（以下４ＷＤという）は、その前後軸
間にセンタデフやビスカスカップリング等の差動制限装
置が設けられているが、このような差動制限装置と、制
動時の制動力・操縦安定性を向上させるアンチロックブ
レーキシステム（以下ＡＢＳという）との組み合わせ
は、４輪ロックや車体振動が生じやすいなど、ＡＢＳの
制御性と駆動系の車輪間回転拘束力の面から相性が悪
い。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a four-wheel drive vehicle (hereinafter referred to as 4WD) that enhances driving force and running performance at the time of starting and accelerating has a differential limiting device such as a center differential or a viscous coupling provided between its front and rear shafts. However, the combination of such a differential limiting device and an anti-lock brake system (hereinafter referred to as ABS) that improves braking force and steering stability during braking is such that four-wheel lock and vehicle body vibration are likely to occur. Are not compatible with each other in terms of controllability and the rotational restraint force between the wheels of the drive system.

【０００３】この問題を解決する手段として、本出願人
は、特願平５−１３７７３６号によって、ＡＢＳ用４輪
駆動車の回転伝達装置を提案した。As a means for solving this problem, the present applicant has proposed a rotation transmission device for a four-wheel drive vehicle for ABS in Japanese Patent Application No. 5-137736.

【０００４】この回転伝達装置Ａは、図１０に示すよう
に、従動部材となる外輪１の内部に軸受２を介して駆動
部材である内方部材３を回転可能に嵌合し、内方部材３
の端部にスプラインを介して入力用リング４を取付け、
内方部材３と外輪１の間に両者を回転方向に結合可能と
する係合子５を組込み、この係合子５の保持器６と内方
部材３の間に一方向クラッチ７を組込み、該クラッチ７
は入力リング８を介して回転抵抗付与手段９と連結され
ている。In this rotation transmitting device A, as shown in FIG. 10, an inner member 3 which is a driving member is rotatably fitted inside an outer ring 1 which is a driven member via a bearing 2 to form an inner member. Three
Attach the input ring 4 to the end of the via spline,
An engaging member 5 that allows the both to be coupled in a rotational direction is incorporated between the inner member 3 and the outer ring 1, and a one-way clutch 7 is incorporated between a retainer 6 of the engaging member 5 and the inner member 3, 7
Is connected to the rotation resistance applying means 9 via the input ring 8.

【０００５】この回転抵抗付与手段９は、連結棒１０を
介して自動車の車体等に固定するハウジング１１を軸受
を介して外輪１と内方部材３で回転自在に指示し、ハウ
ジング１１内に圧入した摩擦パッド１３と入力リング８
のフランジ１４とを擦り合せ、止リング１５との間に縮
設した皿バネ１６の弾性で保持器６と共回りしようとす
る入力リング８に対してその回転を遅らせる抵抗を与え
た構造になっている。The rotation resistance applying means 9 rotatably instructs the housing 11 which is fixed to the vehicle body of an automobile or the like via the connecting rod 10 by the outer ring 1 and the inner member 3 via bearings, and is press-fitted into the housing 11. Friction pad 13 and input ring 8
The structure is such that the input ring 8 which tries to rotate together with the retainer 6 is rubbed by the elastic force of the disc spring 16 compressed between the flange 14 and the retaining ring 15 to delay its rotation. ing.

【０００６】上記の回転伝達装置Ａは、図１１のよう
に、後輪推進軸Ｂの流体カップリングＣとリヤデフＤの
間において、内方部材３を流体カップリングＣに連結
し、外輪１をリヤデフＤと直列に接続する。As shown in FIG. 11, the rotation transmission device A described above connects the inner member 3 to the fluid coupling C between the fluid coupling C of the rear wheel propulsion shaft B and the rear differential D, and connects the outer ring 1 to the outer ring 1. Connect to the rear differential D in series.

【０００７】上記の構造においては、車両が前進走行す
るとき、回転抵抗（弾性部材）によって保持器６が内方
部材３より遅れて回転し、その相対回転により係合子５
が係合作動状態になる。逆に、車両が後退走行すると、
一方向クラッチ７の作動により保持器６の遅れ方向が切
り換り、係合子５が同じ様に係合作動状態になる。In the above structure, when the vehicle travels forward, the cage 6 rotates later than the inner member 3 due to the rotation resistance (elastic member), and the relative rotation thereof causes the engaging element 5 to rotate.
Is engaged. Conversely, when the vehicle runs backwards,
The one-way clutch 7 is actuated to switch the delay direction of the retainer 6, and the engagement element 5 is similarly engaged.

【０００８】上記の係合作動状態で、車両が前進又は後
退方向に直進走行すると、前輪と後輪及び後輪推進軸は
同速度で回転するため、係合子５は係合スタンバイ状態
を維持し、このため、前輪だけの２駆走行となる。When the vehicle travels straight forward or backward in the above engagement operation state, the front wheel, the rear wheel and the rear wheel propulsion shaft rotate at the same speed, so that the engagement element 5 maintains the engagement standby state. For this reason, it is a two-wheel drive with only the front wheels.

【０００９】一方、走行中前輪がスリップすると、後輪
に対して後輪推進軸の回転が上がり、係合子５が係合す
るため、駆動力が後輪に伝わり、４駆状態に切り換わ
る。On the other hand, when the front wheels slip during traveling, the rotation of the rear-wheel propulsion shaft is increased with respect to the rear wheels, and the engaging elements 5 are engaged, so that the driving force is transmitted to the rear wheels and the state is switched to the four-wheel drive state.

【００１０】逆に、車両が急制動し、前輪がロックしよ
うとすると、後輪推進軸がその前輪ロックに伴なって急
減速するが、後輪（外輪１）の回転が後輪推進軸の回転
を上回るため、内方部材３と外輪１が空回りし、後輪に
は前輪ロックに伴う減速力が伝わらない。このように後
輪と、ロックしようとする前輪との間には何ら拘束力が
生じないため、２ＷＤ車と同様にＡＢＳ制御が容易とな
る。On the contrary, when the vehicle suddenly brakes and the front wheels try to lock, the rear wheel propulsion shaft suddenly decelerates due to the front wheel lock, but the rotation of the rear wheel (outer wheel 1) is caused by the rear wheel propulsion shaft. Since the rotation exceeds the rotation, the inner member 3 and the outer wheel 1 run idle, and the deceleration force due to the front wheel lock is not transmitted to the rear wheel. As described above, since no binding force is generated between the rear wheel and the front wheel to be locked, ABS control becomes easy as in the case of the 2WD vehicle.

【００１１】[0011]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、上記のよう
な回転伝達装置は、回転方向によって、保持器と入力軸
の位相をきりかえ、両回転方向に対して駆動、空転がで
きるようにしており、そのため、内部構造は複雑であ
り、車体に固定して回転しない部分もあるため、寸法、
重量、部品点数、コスト、装着方法に改善の余地が見い
出された。By the way, in the above-described rotation transmitting device, the phases of the retainer and the input shaft are switched depending on the rotation direction, and the drive and idling can be performed in both rotation directions. Therefore, the internal structure is complicated, and there are some parts that are fixed to the vehicle body and do not rotate.
There was room for improvement in weight, number of parts, cost, and mounting method.

【００１２】そこで、この発明の課題は、加速時は駆動
力を伝達し、ＡＢＳ作動時は前後輪の拘束力を自動的に
遮断することができ、なおかつ、上述の車体固定部分を
排除し、コンパクトで低価格な回転伝達装置を提供する
ことにある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to transmit a driving force during acceleration and to automatically shut off the restraining force of the front and rear wheels during ABS operation, and eliminate the above-mentioned vehicle body fixing portion, It is to provide a compact and low-priced rotation transmission device.

【００１３】[0013]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記のような課題を解決
するため、請求項１の発明は、４輪駆動車の後輪推進軸
に差動制限装置と直列に接続する駆動部材と、後輪の車
軸に連結する従動部材とを内外に回転可能に嵌合させ、
その駆動部材と従動部材の対向面間に保持器を設け、こ
の保持器に形成したポケットに、保持器と駆動部材が正
逆方向に相対回転したときに上記駆動部材と従動部材を
係合させる係合子を組込み、前記保持器と従動部材の間
に、該保持器と従動部材の回転方向の結合と切り離しを
行なう一方向ラチェットを設けた構成を採用したもので
ある。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of claim 1 has a drive member connected in series to a rear wheel propulsion shaft of a four-wheel drive vehicle and a differential limiting device, and a rear member. The driven member connected to the wheel axle is rotatably fitted in and out,
A retainer is provided between the facing surfaces of the drive member and the driven member, and the pocket formed in the retainer engages the drive member and the driven member when the retainer and the drive member relatively rotate in the forward and reverse directions. A structure is adopted in which an engaging element is incorporated and a one-way ratchet for connecting and disconnecting the retainer and the driven member in the rotational direction is provided between the retainer and the driven member.

【００１４】請求項２の発明は、４輪駆動車の後輪推進
軸に差動制限装置と直列に接続する駆動部材と、後輪の
車軸に連結する従動部材とを内外に回転可能に嵌合さ
せ、その駆動部材と従動部材の対向面間に保持器を設
け、この保持器に形成したポケットに、保持器と駆動部
材が正逆方向に相対回転したときに上記駆動部材と従動
部材を係合させる係合子を組込み、上記駆動部材と保持
器の間に、両者に相対回転付与力を与える弾性部材を組
込んで形成した回転伝達機構と、前記保持器と従動部材
の間に、該保持器と従動部材の回転方向の結合と切り離
しを行なう一方向ラチェットをそれぞれ設けた構成を採
用したものである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, a drive member that is connected to the rear wheel propulsion shaft of the four-wheel drive vehicle in series with the differential limiting device and a driven member that is connected to the rear wheel axle are rotatably fitted in and out. A cage is provided between the opposing surfaces of the drive member and the driven member, and the drive member and the driven member are provided in a pocket formed in the cage when the cage and the driving member relatively rotate in the forward and reverse directions. Between the drive member and the retainer, a rotation transmitting mechanism formed by incorporating an elastic member that applies a relative rotation imparting force to the drive member and the retainer, and between the retainer and the driven member are provided. The configuration adopts a configuration in which one-way ratchets for respectively connecting and disconnecting the retainer and the driven member in the rotational direction are provided.

【００１５】請求項３の発明は、請求項１又は２の発明
において、一方向ラチェットが、前記保持器又は従動部
材の一方にラジアル方向に対して突出する爪部を設け、
保持器又は従動部材の他方に支点を固定され、その支点
まわりに回動可能な重り部材を設け、その重り部材を縮
径方向に押すための弾性部材を組み込み、上記重り部材
の一部に上記爪部に係合する凹部を設けて形成されてい
る構成を採用したものである。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, the one-way ratchet is provided with one of the retainer and the driven member having a claw portion protruding in the radial direction.
A fulcrum is fixed to the other of the retainer or the driven member, a weight member rotatable about the fulcrum is provided, and an elastic member for pushing the weight member in the radial contraction direction is incorporated, and the weight member is partially attached to the above-mentioned member. The configuration is such that a concave portion that engages with the claw portion is provided.

【００１６】請求項４の発明は、請求項３の発明におい
て、前記重り部材の支点が、上記保持器と駆動部材の間
に組込まれた弾性部材の付勢力より大きい摩擦力をもっ
て保持器または従動部材に圧接固定されている構成とし
たものである。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect of the present invention, the fulcrum of the weight member has a friction force larger than the urging force of the elastic member incorporated between the retainer and the drive member, or the retainer or the driven member. The configuration is such that the member is pressed and fixed to the member.

【００１７】[0017]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、この発明の実施の形態を図
示例と共に説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【００１８】図１乃至図５に示す第１の実施形態におい
て、従動部材となる外輪２１の内部に軸受２２を介して
駆動部材である内方部材２３が回転自在に嵌合され、そ
の内方部材２３の端部にスプライン２４を介して入力用
リング２５が取付けられている。In the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, an inner member 23, which is a driving member, is rotatably fitted into an outer ring 21, which is a driven member, through a bearing 22, and the inner member 23 An input ring 25 is attached to the end of the member 23 via a spline 24.

【００１９】外輪２１の内径面には円筒面２６が形成さ
れ、対向する内方部材２３の外径面に、所定の間隔をお
いて複数の平坦なカム面２７が形成される。各カム面２
７は外輪２１の円筒面２６との間で、円周方向の両側が
幅狭になる楔形空間を形成している。A cylindrical surface 26 is formed on the inner diameter surface of the outer ring 21, and a plurality of flat cam surfaces 27 are formed on the outer diameter surface of the facing inner member 23 at predetermined intervals. Each cam surface 2
7 and the cylindrical surface 26 of the outer ring 21 form a wedge-shaped space in which both sides in the circumferential direction are narrowed.

【００２０】また、外輪２１と内方部材２３の間には、
環状の保持器２８が設けられ、その保持器２８には周方
向にカム面２７と同じ数のポケット２９が形成され、そ
の各ポケット２９に係合子としてのローラ３０が組み込
まれている。ローラ３０は内方部材２３の各カム面２７
に対してそれぞれ１個ずつ組み込まれており、保持器２
８によって周方向に所定量移動すると、カム面２７と円
筒面２６との間に係合し、外輪２１と内方部材２３を一
体化する。Further, between the outer ring 21 and the inner member 23,
An annular retainer 28 is provided, and the same number of pockets 29 as the cam surface 27 are formed in the retainer 28 in the circumferential direction, and a roller 30 as an engaging element is incorporated in each pocket 29. The roller 30 is provided on each cam surface 27 of the inner member 23.
One is installed for each of the
When a predetermined amount is moved in the circumferential direction by 8, the cam surface 27 and the cylindrical surface 26 are engaged with each other, and the outer ring 21 and the inner member 23 are integrated.

【００２１】上記保持器２８の端部には後述するラチェ
ットが相対回転不可能に嵌合されている。また、保持器
２８のフランジ部には係止穴３１が設けられ、内方部材
２３の係止穴３２との間にリングバネ３３の各端がそれ
ぞれ係止されており、そのリングバネ３３のバネ力によ
り、保持器２８を内方部材２３に対してその回転方向と
は逆方向に回転させる付勢力を与えている。A ratchet, which will be described later, is fitted to the end of the cage 28 so as not to rotate relative to each other. A retaining hole 31 is provided in the flange portion of the retainer 28, and each end of the ring spring 33 is retained between the retaining hole 32 of the inner member 23 and the retaining hole 32. As a result, a biasing force that causes the retainer 28 to rotate in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the inner member 23 is applied.

【００２２】一方、保持器２８の端部に嵌合されたラチ
ェット３４はウェイト３５、ウエイトハウス３６を介し
て外輪２１と連結し、一方向ラチェットを形成してい
る。On the other hand, the ratchet 34 fitted to the end of the cage 28 is connected to the outer ring 21 via a weight 35 and a weight house 36 to form a one-way ratchet.

【００２３】ラチェット３４の外周には複数の爪３７が
形成されている。また、ウェイトハウス３６は外輪２１
に圧入固定されており、弧状に形成された複数のウェイ
ト３５はその後端が、ウェイトハウス３６に圧入固定さ
れた支柱３８に回転自在に嵌合支持され、各ウェイト３
５の先端には上記ラチェット３４の爪３７に係合する凹
部３９が形成されている。A plurality of claws 37 are formed on the outer circumference of the ratchet 34. The weight house 36 is the outer ring 21.
The plurality of weights 35 formed in an arc shape are press-fitted and fixed to each other, and the rear ends of the weights 35 are rotatably fitted and supported by a column 38 that is press-fitted and fixed to a weight house 36.
A concave portion 39 that engages with the claw 37 of the ratchet 34 is formed at the tip of 5.

【００２４】また、各ウエイト３５の先端に設けられた
ピン４０と、対向するウェイト３５の支柱３８との間に
引っ張りコイルバネ４１が係止され、各ウェイト３５の
先端を中心方向に付勢している。Further, a tension coil spring 41 is locked between the pin 40 provided at the tip of each weight 35 and the strut 38 of the opposing weight 35 to urge the tip of each weight 35 toward the center. There is.

【００２５】上記の構造では、内方部材２３とリングバ
ネ３３の駆動により、保持器２８が外輪２１に対して図
４の矢印（ロ）方向に相対回転すると、保持器２８に嵌
合されたラチェット３４が上記ウェイト３５の凹部３９
にロックし、それ以上回転すると、保持器２８の回転を
リングバネ３３に対向して押し止め、内方部材２３の回
転に対して減速させる。更に内方部材２３が回転すると
ローラ３０が係合し、内方部材２３と外輪２１は一体と
なる。In the above structure, when the cage 28 is rotated relative to the outer ring 21 in the arrow (b) direction of FIG. 4 by the driving of the inner member 23 and the ring spring 33, the ratchet fitted to the cage 28. 34 is the recess 39 of the weight 35.
When it is further rotated, the rotation of the retainer 28 is stopped against the ring spring 33 and is decelerated with respect to the rotation of the inner member 23. When the inner member 23 further rotates, the roller 30 engages, and the inner member 23 and the outer ring 21 are integrated.

【００２６】逆に、図３のように、内方部材２３と共に
保持器２８が外輪２１に対して（イ）方向に相対回転す
ると、ラチェット３４の係合が切れ、ウェイト３５は保
持器２８に抵抗を加えないが、リングバネ３３が保持器
２８に対して上記（イ）方向とは反対側に回転力を与え
ているため、そのバネ力によって保持器２８が減速され
ローラ３０が係合し、内方部材２３と外輪２１は一体と
なる。On the contrary, as shown in FIG. 3, when the cage 28 together with the inner member 23 rotates relative to the outer ring 21 in the direction (a), the ratchet 34 is disengaged, and the weight 35 moves to the cage 28. Although no resistance is applied, since the ring spring 33 gives a rotational force to the retainer 28 in the opposite direction to the above (a) direction, the retainer 28 is decelerated by the spring force and the roller 30 is engaged, The inner member 23 and the outer ring 21 are integrated.

【００２７】また、図５に示すように、装置全体の回転
が上昇し、ウェイト３５に加わる遠心力が引っ張りコイ
ルバネ４１の付勢力に打ち勝ってウェイトハウス３６側
に拡径すると、保持器２８が外輪２１に対して上記図４
の（ロ）方向に相対回転しても、ラチェット３４の爪３
１とウェイト３５の凹部３９はロックしないため、ロー
ラ３０は係合せず、内方部材２３は外輪２１に対して
（ロ）方向に空転できる。Further, as shown in FIG. 5, when the rotation of the entire apparatus rises and the centrifugal force applied to the weight 35 overcomes the urging force of the tension coil spring 41 and expands to the weight house 36 side, the retainer 28 causes the outer ring to move. 21 with respect to FIG.
Claw 3 of ratchet 34
Since the 1 and the recess 39 of the weight 35 are not locked, the roller 30 is not engaged, and the inner member 23 can idle in the (b) direction with respect to the outer ring 21.

【００２８】第１の実施形態の回転伝達装置Ａは、上記
のような構成でなり、図１１に示したような、前輪が主
駆動輪になる４輪駆動車の後輪駆動経路上に適用され
る。The rotation transmission device A of the first embodiment is constructed as described above and is applied to the rear wheel drive path of a four-wheel drive vehicle in which the front wheels are the main drive wheels, as shown in FIG. To be done.

【００２９】すなわち、トランスファから出た後輪推進
軸に、差動制限装置であるビスカスカップリング等の流
体カップリングと内方部材２３の入力用リング２５とを
直列に連結し、外輪２１にリヤデフＤを連結する。That is, a fluid coupling such as a viscous coupling, which is a differential limiting device, and an input ring 25 of the inner member 23 are connected in series to the rear wheel propulsion shaft coming out of the transfer, and the outer ring 21 is provided with a rear differential. Connect D.

【００３０】また、車両の前進走行時における内方部材
２３の回転方向と、図３の矢印（イ）方向（ラチェット
が切れる方向）とが一致し、後退時における回転方向と
図４の矢印（ロ）方向（ラチェットがロックする方向）
とが一致するよう設定する。The direction of rotation of the inner member 23 when the vehicle is traveling forward and the direction of arrow (a) in FIG. 3 (the direction in which the ratchet is cut off) coincide with each other, and the direction of rotation during reverse and the arrow of FIG. 4 ( B) direction (direction in which the ratchet locks)
Set so that and match.

【００３１】この状態で、実際の車両の走行において考
えると、車両が正常な状態で前進又は後退方向に直進走
行している間は、前輪と、それにつれ回りする後輪及び
後輪推進軸が同速度で回転するため、ローラ３０は係合
スタンバイ状態を維持する。このため、前輪だけの２駆
走行になる。Considering the actual running of the vehicle in this state, while the vehicle is running straight forward or backward in a normal state, the front wheels, the rear wheels and the rear wheel propulsion shafts that rotate with the front wheels are in motion. Since the rollers 30 rotate at the same speed, the rollers 30 maintain the engagement standby state. For this reason, it will be a two-wheel drive with only the front wheels.

【００３２】また、車両が旋回して舵角をもち、前輪が
後輪より、速く回転した場合は、内方部材２３の回転が
上がるため、ローラ３０が円筒面２６とカム面２７に係
合して外輪２１と内方部材２３が一体化され、さらに、
後輪推進軸にある流体カップリングの差動制限作用によ
り後輪に駆動力を伝えながら、前輪が後輪より、速く回
転することを許容する。したがって、旋回中は４駆状態
となる。When the vehicle turns to have a steering angle and the front wheels rotate faster than the rear wheels, the rotation of the inner member 23 increases, so that the rollers 30 engage the cylindrical surface 26 and the cam surface 27. Then, the outer ring 21 and the inner member 23 are integrated, and further,
The front wheel is allowed to rotate faster than the rear wheel while transmitting the driving force to the rear wheel by the differential limiting action of the fluid coupling on the rear wheel propulsion shaft. Therefore, the vehicle is in the 4WD state during turning.

【００３３】一方、加速走行中前輪がスリップすると、
後輪（外輪）に対して後輪推進軸の回転が上がるため、
ローラ３０が円筒面２６とカム面２７に係合し、外輪２
１と内方部材２３が一体化される。このため、前輪のス
リップ時は４駆状態に切り換わる。On the other hand, if the front wheels slip during acceleration,
Since the rotation of the rear wheel propulsion shaft increases with respect to the rear wheel (outer wheel),
The roller 30 engages the cylindrical surface 26 and the cam surface 27, and the outer ring 2
1 and the inner member 23 are integrated. Therefore, when the front wheels slip, the state changes to the 4WD state.

【００３４】逆に、急制動する場合、路面の摩擦係数が
低いと、一般に車両は前輪がロックしようとする。この
とき、後輪推進軸（内方部材）は前輪ロックに伴い急減
速するが、ちなみに設定速度（１０ｋｍ／ｈ〜２０ｋｍ
／ｈ）以上であれば、ウェイト３５がラチェット３４と
噛み合わず、外輪２１と内方部材２３が空転するため、
後輪には前輪ロックに伴う減速力を伝えない。したがっ
て、ロックしない後輪とロックしようとする前輪との間
になんら拘束力が無いため、ＡＢＳ制御としては前後輪
の回転数差を感知でき、２ＷＤ車と同様に容易にＡＢＳ
制御が可能になる。On the contrary, in the case of sudden braking, if the friction coefficient of the road surface is low, the vehicle generally tries to lock the front wheels. At this time, the rear-wheel propulsion shaft (inner member) suddenly decelerates as the front wheel locks, but by the way, the set speed (10 km / h to 20 km).
/ H) or more, the weight 35 does not mesh with the ratchet 34, and the outer ring 21 and the inner member 23 idle,
It does not transmit the deceleration force associated with the front wheel lock to the rear wheels. Therefore, since there is no binding force between the rear wheel that does not lock and the front wheel that tries to lock, the ABS control can detect the difference in the rotational speeds of the front and rear wheels, and the ABS control can be performed as easily as a 2WD vehicle.
Control becomes possible.

【００３５】もし、前記設定速度以下から急減速した場
合、ウェイト３５はラチェット３４と噛み合っているた
め、外輪２１と内方部材２３は空転しない。しかし、こ
のような速度からＡＢＳが作動すると逆に制動距離が長
くなることもあり、このような低速ではＡＢＳ自体が作
動しない設定がなされている場合が多い。したがって、
このような低速時は前後輪を遮断する必要は無いのであ
る。If the speed decelerates below the set speed, the weight 35 meshes with the ratchet 34, so that the outer ring 21 and the inner member 23 do not idle. However, if the ABS operates at such a speed, the braking distance may become longer on the contrary, and it is often set such that the ABS itself does not operate at such a low speed. Therefore,
It is not necessary to block the front and rear wheels at such low speeds.

【００３６】次に、図６乃至図８は、この発明の第２の
実施形態を示している。なお、先の第１の実施形態と同
一部分については同一符号を付して説明に代える。Next, FIGS. 6 to 8 show a second embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and will not be described.

【００３７】この第２の実施形態は、第１の実施形態と
は逆に、外輪２１を入力側に、内方部材２３を出力側に
したものである。In contrast to the first embodiment, the second embodiment has the outer ring 21 on the input side and the inner member 23 on the output side.

【００３８】外輪２１の内径面には多角形状をなす複数
のカム面２７が形成され、それに対向する内方部材２３
の外径面には円筒面２６が形成されており、この円筒面
２６とカム面２７との間に、環状の保持器２８が組み込
まれている。この保持器２８は外輪２１に対して回動可
能に嵌合されており、その周面に設けたポケット２９に
正逆方向に係合するローラ３０が組み込まれている。A plurality of cam surfaces 27 having a polygonal shape are formed on the inner diameter surface of the outer ring 21, and the inner member 23 opposed to the cam surfaces 27.
A cylindrical surface 26 is formed on the outer diameter surface of the, and an annular cage 28 is incorporated between the cylindrical surface 26 and the cam surface 27. The cage 28 is rotatably fitted to the outer ring 21, and a roller 30 that engages in a forward and reverse direction is incorporated in a pocket 29 provided on the peripheral surface of the cage 28.

【００３９】保持器２８の端部にはハウジング部４１が
設けられ、それに固定された支柱３８に回転可能にウエ
イト３５が組み込まれる。A housing portion 41 is provided at an end portion of the retainer 28, and a weight 35 is rotatably mounted on a column 38 fixed to the housing portion 41.

【００４０】保持器２８のフランジ部には係止穴３１が
設けられ、外輪２１の係止穴４２との間にリングバネ３
３（スイッチバネ）の各端がそれぞれ係止されており、
そのリングバネ３３のバネ力によって保持器２８を外輪
２１に対してその回転方向とは逆方向に付勢している。A retaining hole 31 is provided in the flange portion of the retainer 28, and the ring spring 3 is provided between the retaining hole 31 and the retaining hole 42 of the outer ring 21.
Each end of 3 (switch spring) is locked,
The spring force of the ring spring 33 urges the retainer 28 against the outer ring 21 in the direction opposite to the rotational direction.

【００４１】内方部材２３の軸部にはラチェット３４が
固定されており、そのラチェット３４の外周部に形成さ
れた爪３７とウエイト３５に形成された凹部３９と噛み
合う仕組みになっている。A ratchet 34 is fixed to the shaft portion of the inner member 23, and the pawl 37 formed on the outer peripheral portion of the ratchet 34 and the recess 39 formed on the weight 35 mesh with each other.

【００４２】ウエイト３５に設けられたピン４０と、対
向するウエイト３５の支柱３８との間に引っ張りコイル
ばね４１が係止され、各ウエイト３５の先端を中心方向
に付勢している。A tension coil spring 41 is locked between a pin 40 provided on the weight 35 and a column 38 of the weight 35 facing each other, and urges the tip of each weight 35 toward the center.

【００４３】この第２の実施形態の回転伝達装置Ａ’
は、図８に示すように、外輪２１が流体カップリングＣ
に接続され、内方部材２３がリヤデフＤに接続されてい
る。The rotation transmitting device A'of the second embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 8, the outer ring 21 has a fluid coupling C.
And the inner member 23 is connected to the rear differential D.

【００４４】この第２の実施形態の作用は、先に述べた
第１の実施形態の説明において、第１の実施形態の外輪
の回転が第２の実施形態では内方部材の回転に、また、
第１の実施形態の内方部材の回転が第２の実施形態では
外輪に変える以外は第１の実施形態と同様である。The operation of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, in which the rotation of the outer ring of the first embodiment is the rotation of the inner member in the second embodiment, and ,
The rotation of the inner member of the first embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the rotation of the inner member is changed to the outer ring in the second embodiment.

【００４５】図９は第３の実施形態を示している。この
第３の実施形態回転伝達装置Ａ”では、先の第１の実施
形態でウエイトハウス３６と外輪２１を圧入固定してい
るのに対し、外輪２１内にウエイトハウス３６を回転可
能に嵌合し、外輪２１に固定した止リング５１とウエイ
トハウス３６の端面間に縮設した皿バネ５２等の弾性部
材を用い、ウエイトハウス３６と外輪２１を摩擦固定し
たものである。その摩擦力は、リングバネ３８のばね力
よりも大きく設定されている。FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment. In the rotation transmission device A ″ of the third embodiment, while the weight house 36 and the outer ring 21 are press-fitted and fixed in the first embodiment, the weight house 36 is rotatably fitted in the outer ring 21. Then, the weight house 36 and the outer ring 21 are frictionally fixed using an elastic member such as a stop ring 51 fixed to the outer ring 21 and a disc spring 52 compressed between the end surfaces of the weight house 36. The frictional force is It is set to be larger than the spring force of the ring spring 38.

【００４６】これにより、一方向ラチェットが噛合った
時の衝撃緩和や各部品の応力集中を防止することができ
る。As a result, it is possible to prevent impact relaxation when the one-way ratchet meshes and to prevent stress concentration on each component.

【００４７】また、図示省略したが、外輪２１とウエイ
トハウス３６を摩擦固定するかわりに、ラチェット３４
と保持器２８を摩擦固定にしても同様の効果が得られ
る。Although not shown, instead of frictionally fixing the outer ring 21 and the weight house 36, the ratchet 34 is used.
Even if the cage 28 is fixed by friction, the same effect can be obtained.

【００４８】更に、各実施の形態において、ウエイト３
５を中心方向に付勢する弾性部材４１は第１実施形態の
様な引っ張りコイルバネで無くとも、板バネをウエイト
の外側に組み込んだり、ガータースプリングをウエイト
の外側に巻いたりしても良く、かつ、図８の駆動経路に
おいて差動制限装置と回転伝達装置の装着位置を入れ換
えても、後輪推進軸に対して直列接続であれば上記と同
じ機能を発揮する。Furthermore, in each embodiment, the weight 3
The elastic member 41 for urging 5 toward the center may not be a tension coil spring as in the first embodiment, but a leaf spring may be incorporated on the outside of the weight or a garter spring may be wound on the outside of the weight. Even if the mounting positions of the differential limiting device and the rotation transmitting device are interchanged in the drive path of FIG. 8, the same function as described above is exerted if they are connected in series to the rear wheel propulsion shaft.

【００４９】[0049]

【発明の効果】以上のように、この発明によると、車両
の前進、後退を問わず、加速時は駆動トルクを後輪に伝
達して４ＷＤ化し、急制動時にＡＢＳが作動する速度等
で前輪がスリップしてロックに向かう時には機械式クラ
ッチの空転機能によって回転拘束力を後輪へ伝えず、前
後輪の回転数差が２ＷＤ車と同様に互いに独立して変化
することを可能にする。そのため、従来では４ＷＤ車に
とって相性の悪かったＡＢＳ機能を、２ＷＤ車と同様に
容易に装着することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, regardless of whether the vehicle is moving forward or backward, the driving torque is transmitted to the rear wheels during acceleration to make 4WD, and the front wheels are driven at a speed at which the ABS operates during sudden braking. When slipping toward the lock, the rotation restraint force is not transmitted to the rear wheels due to the idling function of the mechanical clutch, and the rotation speed difference between the front and rear wheels can be changed independently of each other as in a 2WD vehicle. Therefore, it is possible to easily install the ABS function, which has been poorly compatible with the 4WD vehicle in the past, similarly to the 2WD vehicle.

【００５０】また、装置の駆動方向を遠心力と一方向ラ
チェットを利用することにより、車体への固定部分がな
く、従来の装置に比べて寸法、重量、部品点数、コス
ト、装着性、オイルシール耐久性がすべて向上した。Further, by utilizing the centrifugal force and the one-way ratchet as the driving direction of the device, there is no fixed part to the vehicle body, and the size, weight, number of parts, cost, mountability, oil seal are different from those of the conventional device. All durability improved.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】この発明の第１の実施形態を示す縦断面図FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図２】（Ａ）は図１の矢印ａ−ａの断面図、（Ｂ）は
図１の矢印ｂ−ｂの断面図2A is a cross-sectional view taken along arrow aa in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along arrow bb in FIG.

【図３】（Ａ）は図２（Ａ）の作動状態を示す断面図、
（Ｂ）は図２（Ｂ）の作動状態を示す断面図FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing the operating state of FIG.
FIG. 2B is a sectional view showing the operating state of FIG.

【図４】（Ａ）は図２（Ａ）の作動状態を示す断面図、
（Ｂ）は図２（Ｂ）の作動状態を示す断面図4A is a cross-sectional view showing the operating state of FIG. 2A,
FIG. 2B is a sectional view showing the operating state of FIG.

【図５】（Ａ）は図２（Ａ）の作動状態を示す断面図、
（Ｂ）は図２（Ｂ）の作動状態を示す断面図5A is a cross-sectional view showing the operating state of FIG. 2A,
FIG. 2B is a sectional view showing the operating state of FIG.

【図６】この発明の第２の実施形態を示す縦断面図FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

【図７】（Ａ）は図６の矢印ａ−ａの断面図、（Ｂ）は
図６の矢印ｂ−ｂに沿う断面図7A is a sectional view taken along arrow aa in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken along arrow bb in FIG.

【図８】同上を装着した車両の駆動経路を模式的に示す
平面図FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing a drive path of a vehicle equipped with the same as above.

【図９】この発明の第３の実施形態を示す縦断面図FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

【図１０】従来の回転伝達装置を示す縦断面図FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a conventional rotation transmission device.

【図１１】同上を装着した車両の駆動経路を模式的に示
す平面図FIG. 11 is a plan view schematically showing a drive path of a vehicle equipped with the same as above.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

２１ 外輪 ２３ 内方部材 ２６ 円筒面 ２７ カム面 ２８ 保持器 ２９ ポケット ３０ ローラ ３３ リングバネ ３４ ラチェット ３５ ウエイト ３６ ウエイトハウス ３７ 爪 ３８ 支柱 ３９ 凹部 ４０ ピン ４１ コイルバネ ５１ 止リング ５２ 皿バネ 21 Outer Ring 23 Inner Member 26 Cylindrical Surface 27 Cam Surface 28 Cage 29 Pocket 30 Roller 33 Ring Spring 34 Ratchet 35 Weight 36 Weight House 37 Claw 38 Strut 39 Recess 40 Pin 41 Coil Spring 51 Stop Ring 52 Disc Spring

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 ４輪駆動車の後輪推進軸に差動制限装置
と直列に接続する駆動部材と、後輪の車軸に連結する従
動部材とを内外に回転可能に嵌合させ、その駆動部材と
従動部材の対向面間に保持器を設け、この保持器に形成
したポケットに、保持器と駆動部材が正逆方向に相対回
転したときに上記駆動部材と従動部材を係合させる係合
子を組込み、前記保持器と従動部材の間に、該保持器と
従動部材の回転方向の結合と切り離しを行なう一方向ラ
チェットを設けた４輪駆動車の回転伝達装置。1. A drive member that is connected in series to a rear wheel propulsion shaft of a four-wheel drive vehicle and a driven member that is connected to a rear wheel axle, and a driven member that is rotatably fitted in and out to drive the same. A retainer is provided between the facing surfaces of the member and the driven member, and a pocket formed in the retainer engages the drive member and the driven member when the retainer and the drive member relatively rotate in the forward and reverse directions. And a unidirectional ratchet for connecting and disconnecting the retainer and the driven member in the rotational direction between the retainer and the driven member. 【請求項２】 ４輪駆動車の後輪推進軸に差動制限装置
と直列に接続する駆動部材と、後輪の車軸に連結する従
動部材とを内外に回転可能に嵌合させ、その駆動部材と
従動部材の対向面間に保持器を設け、この保持器に形成
したポケットに、保持器と駆動部材が正逆方向に相対回
転したときに上記駆動部材と従動部材を係合させる係合
子を組込み、上記駆動部材と保持器の間に、両者に相対
回転付与力を与える弾性部材を組込んで形成した回転伝
達機構と、前記保持器と従動部材の間に、該保持器と従
動部材の回転方向の結合と切り離しを行なう一方向ラチ
ェットをそれぞれ設けた４輪駆動車の回転伝達装置。2. A drive member that is connected in series with a differential limiting device to a rear wheel propulsion shaft of a four-wheel drive vehicle and a driven member that is connected to an axle of the rear wheel are rotatably fitted in and out to drive the same. A retainer is provided between the facing surfaces of the member and the driven member, and a pocket formed in the retainer engages the drive member and the driven member when the retainer and the drive member relatively rotate in the forward and reverse directions. A rotation transmission mechanism formed by incorporating an elastic member for applying a relative rotation imparting force between the drive member and the retainer, and the retainer and the driven member between the retainer and the driven member. A rotation transmission device for a four-wheel drive vehicle, each of which is provided with a one-way ratchet for connecting and disconnecting the rotation direction of the vehicle. 【請求項３】 一方向ラチェットが、前記保持器又は従
動部材の一方にラジアル方向に対して突出する爪部を設
け、保持器又は従動部材の他方に支点を固定され、その
支点まわりに回動可能な重り部材を設け、その重り部材
を縮径方向に押すための弾性部材を組み込み、上記重り
部材の一部に上記爪部に係合する凹部を設けて形成され
ている請求項１又は２記載の４輪駆動車の回転伝達装
置。3. A one-way ratchet, wherein one of the retainer and the driven member is provided with a claw portion protruding in the radial direction, a fulcrum is fixed to the other of the retainer and the driven member, and the ratchet rotates about the fulcrum. A weight member capable of being provided, an elastic member for pushing the weight member in a diameter reducing direction is incorporated, and a recess for engaging the claw portion is provided in a part of the weight member. A rotation transmission device for a four-wheel drive vehicle as described above. 【請求項４】 前記重り部材の支点が、上記保持器と駆
動部材の間に組込まれた弾性部材の付勢力より大きい摩
擦力をもって保持器または従動部材に圧接固定されてい
る請求項３記載の４輪駆動車の回転伝達装置。4. The fulcrum of the weight member is press-contacted and fixed to the retainer or the driven member with a frictional force larger than the urging force of the elastic member incorporated between the retainer and the driving member. Rotation transmission device for four-wheel drive vehicles.