JPH0882450A - Cold accumulator for cryogenic refrigerator - Google Patents
Cold accumulator for cryogenic refrigeratorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0882450A JPH0882450A JP21756094A JP21756094A JPH0882450A JP H0882450 A JPH0882450 A JP H0882450A JP 21756094 A JP21756094 A JP 21756094A JP 21756094 A JP21756094 A JP 21756094A JP H0882450 A JPH0882450 A JP H0882450A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- regenerator
- specific heat
- regenerator material
- cryogenic
- low temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/003—Gas cycle refrigeration machines characterised by construction or composition of the regenerator
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、極低温冷凍機用蓄冷器
に関し、特に新規な磁性蓄冷材を層状に充填した極低温
冷凍機用蓄冷器に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a regenerator for a cryogenic refrigerator, and more particularly to a regenerator for a cryogenic refrigerator which is filled with a novel magnetic regenerator material in layers.
【０００２】近年、極低温で強力な磁場を発生させる超
伝導磁石やＳＱＵＩＤに代表される超伝導機器等の分野
で高性能の小型冷凍機が求められている。In recent years, there has been a demand for high-performance small refrigerators in the fields of superconducting magnets that generate a strong magnetic field at extremely low temperatures and superconducting devices represented by SQUID.
【０００３】[0003]
【従来の技術】極低温冷凍機としては、スターリング冷
凍機、ギフォード・マクマホン（ＧＭ）冷凍機等が知ら
れている。2. Description of the Related Art Stirling refrigerators, Gifford McMahon (GM) refrigerators and the like are known as cryogenic refrigerators.
【０００４】スターリング冷凍機は、圧縮機で脈動する
作動ガス圧を作成し、膨張機内でディスプレーサを圧力
変動に対して基本的に１／４（π／２）の位相ずれを持
たせて往復動させる。ディスプレーサ内には蓄冷器が設
けられ、断熱膨張によって冷却された作動ガスと高温高
圧ガスとの間の熱交換を行なわせる。A Stirling refrigerator creates a pulsating working gas pressure in a compressor and reciprocates the displacer in the expander with a phase shift of basically 1/4 (π / 2) with respect to the pressure fluctuation. Let A regenerator is provided in the displacer to allow heat exchange between the working gas cooled by adiabatic expansion and the high-temperature high-pressure gas.
【０００５】ＧＭ冷凍機は、圧縮機の高圧側、低圧側に
バルブを設け、高圧で膨張機に供給された作動ガスを断
熱膨張させ、低圧で回収する。膨張機内にはスターリン
グ冷凍機同様、ディスプレーサが設けられ、ディスプレ
ーサ内には蓄冷器が備えられる。より低温を実現させる
ためには、２段式のディスプレーサ（蓄冷器）が用いら
れる。The GM refrigerator is provided with valves on the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the compressor to adiabatically expand the working gas supplied to the expander at high pressure and recover it at low pressure. Like the Stirling refrigerator, a displacer is provided in the expander, and a regenerator is provided in the displacer. A two-stage displacer (regenerator) is used to achieve a lower temperature.
【０００６】冷凍機用の蓄冷材としては、比熱が高く、
取扱いに便利な銅や鉛が使用されている。熱交換率を高
くするため、これらの金属を球状や金網状として表面積
を大きくし、フェルト状の支持材や貫通孔を多数設けた
パンチングメタルで支持する。As a regenerator material for refrigerators, the specific heat is high,
Copper and lead, which are easy to handle, are used. In order to increase the heat exchange rate, these metals are formed into a spherical shape or a wire mesh shape to have a large surface area and are supported by a felt-shaped support material or punching metal provided with a large number of through holes.
【０００７】しかし、銅や鉛等、比較的高温では高い比
熱を有する金属も１０Ｋ以下の温度領域（以下、「極低
温領域」と呼ぶ）では、比熱が極端に小さくなる。した
がって、これらの蓄冷材を用いても圧縮機と蓄冷材を用
いた膨張機の組合せのみの冷凍機で１０Ｋ以下の極低温
を生成することは困難であった。However, metals having a high specific heat at a relatively high temperature, such as copper and lead, have an extremely small specific heat in the temperature region of 10 K or less (hereinafter referred to as "cryogenic region"). Therefore, even if these cold storage materials are used, it is difficult to generate a cryogenic temperature of 10 K or less with a refrigerator that only has a combination of a compressor and an expander that uses the cold storage material.
【０００８】極低温を得るためには、従来はＪＴ弁を用
い、ＪＴ弁に供給する作動ガスをＧＭ冷凍機等で冷却す
る構成が用いられた。近年、２段式ＧＭ冷凍機の２段目
蓄冷器に、Ｅｒ3 Ｎｉをはじめとする磁性金属間化合物
による蓄冷材を用いることにより、液体ヘリウム温度
（４．２Ｋ）以下の温度を発生させることが可能となっ
た。これは、このような磁性蓄冷材が極低温領域におい
て、磁気相転移による大きな比熱を持つためである。た
とえば、ＥｒＲｈは４Ｋ付近で非常に大きな比熱ピーク
を示す。ただし、ＥｒＲｈは非常に高価であり、実用化
するのは困難である。In order to obtain an extremely low temperature, conventionally, a JT valve is used, and a working gas supplied to the JT valve is cooled by a GM refrigerator or the like. In recent years, by using a cool storage material made of a magnetic intermetallic compound such as Er 3 Ni for the second-stage regenerator of a two-stage GM refrigerator, a temperature below liquid helium temperature (4.2K) is generated. Became possible. This is because such a magnetic regenerator material has a large specific heat due to the magnetic phase transition in an extremely low temperature region. For example, ErRh shows a very large specific heat peak near 4K. However, ErRh is very expensive and difficult to put into practical use.
【０００９】しかし、Ｅｒ3 Ｎｉの比熱も、冷媒である
ヘリウムの比熱に比べると低温域では非常に小さいた
め、ヘリウムと熱交換を行うのに十分な熱容量を持って
いるとはいえない。現にＥｒ3 Ｎｉを用いたＧＭ冷凍機
でも、４．２Ｋで実際に達成される冷凍能力は１Ｗ以下
にすぎない。そこで、冷凍能力をさらに向上させるた
め、極低温領域でさらに大きな比熱を有する蓄冷器が望
まれる。However, the specific heat of Er 3 Ni is also extremely small in the low temperature region as compared with the specific heat of helium which is a refrigerant, so it cannot be said that it has a sufficient heat capacity for exchanging heat with helium. Even with a GM refrigerator actually using Er 3 Ni, the refrigerating capacity actually achieved at 4.2K is only 1 W or less. Therefore, in order to further improve the refrigerating capacity, a regenerator having a larger specific heat in the cryogenic region is desired.
【００１０】磁性蓄冷材は、磁気相転移を行う温度付近
において大きな比熱ピークを有する。そこで、蓄冷器の
温度分布に合わせて、蓄冷器内に異なる温度で比熱ピー
クを持つ磁性蓄冷材を積層する提案がなされている。こ
のような構造を有する蓄冷器を以下「積層構造」蓄冷器
と呼ぶ。The magnetic regenerator material has a large specific heat peak near the temperature at which the magnetic phase transition occurs. Therefore, it has been proposed to stack a magnetic regenerator material having a specific heat peak at different temperatures in the regenerator in accordance with the temperature distribution of the regenerator. The regenerator having such a structure is hereinafter referred to as a "laminated structure" regenerator.
【００１１】しかしながら、極低温領域、特に４．２Ｋ
での冷凍能力向上を可能にする積層構造蓄冷器は未だ実
用化されていない。However, in a very low temperature region, particularly 4.2K
A laminated structure regenerator capable of improving the refrigerating capacity at the time has not yet been put into practical use.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】極低温領域、特に４．
２Ｋ付近での冷凍能力を十分向上することのできる蓄冷
器は未だ開発されていない。3. Problems to be Solved by the Invention
A regenerator capable of sufficiently improving the refrigerating capacity near 2K has not yet been developed.
【００１３】本発明の目的は、極低温領域、特に４．２
Ｋ付近で十分な冷凍能力を有する極低温冷凍機用蓄冷器
を提供することである。The object of the present invention is to provide a cryogenic range, particularly 4.2.
It is to provide a regenerator for a cryogenic refrigerator having a sufficient refrigerating capacity near K.
【００１４】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の極低温冷凍機用
蓄冷器は、一般式、（Ｒ1-x Ａx ）y （ＮｉＧｅ）1- z
Ｍ2z（ただし、ＲはＬａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｍ、Ｓ
ｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙ
ｂ、Ｌｕよりなる群から選ばれた１種の元素、ＡはＲ以
外の希土類元素、Ｍは非磁性の金属元素、０≦ｘ≦０．
５、０．０５≦ｙ≦２０、０≦ｚ≦０．３）で表記され
る１種または異なる組成の２種以上の磁性金属間化合物
からなる蓄冷材を含む。The regenerator for a cryogenic refrigerator according to the present invention has the general formula (R 1-x A x ) y (NiGe) 1- z
M 2z (where R is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, S
m, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Y
b, one element selected from the group consisting of Lu, A is a rare earth element other than R, M is a non-magnetic metal element, 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.
5, 0.05 ≤ y ≤ 20, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.3) or a cool storage material composed of two or more magnetic intermetallic compounds having different compositions.
【００１５】[0015]
【作用】一般式、（Ｒ1-x Ａx ）y （ＮｉＧｅ）1-z Ｍ
2z（ただし、ＲはＬａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｍ、Ｓ
ｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙ
ｂ、Ｌｕよりなる群から選ばれた１種の元素、ＡはＲ以
外の希土類元素、Ｍは非磁性の金属元素、０≦ｘ≦０．
５、０．０５≦ｙ≦２０、０≦ｚ≦０．３）で表記され
る磁性金属間化合物は、３Ｋ〜１２Ｋ付近での比熱が大
きく、極低温冷凍機の冷凍能力を大幅に向上することが
できる。Operation: General formula, (R 1-x A x ) y (NiGe) 1-z M
2z (where R is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, S
m, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Y
b, one element selected from the group consisting of Lu, A is a rare earth element other than R, M is a non-magnetic metal element, 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.
5, 0.05 ≦ y ≦ 20, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.3) has a large specific heat in the vicinity of 3K to 12K and greatly improves the refrigerating capacity of the cryogenic refrigerator. be able to.
【００１６】例えば、ＥｒＮｉＧｅの比熱は、３．２Ｋ
でピーク値を示し約０．５３Ｊ／Ｋ・ｃｍ3 となる。ま
た、ＧｄＮｉＧｅの比熱は、１０．６Ｋでピーク値を示
し約０．６７Ｊ／Ｋ・ｃｍ3 となる。For example, the specific heat of ErNiGe is 3.2K.
Shows a peak value at about 0.53 J / K · cm 3 . The specific heat of GdNiGe has a peak value at 10.6K and is about 0.67 J / K · cm 3 .
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例】図１に、本発明の実施例による２段式ＧＭ冷
凍機の構成を示す。図１（Ａ）は、膨張機の構成を概略
的に示す断面図、図１（Ｂ）は膨張機の２段目蓄冷器の
構成を概略的に示す断面図である。1 shows the structure of a two-stage GM refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 (A) is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of the expander, and FIG. 1 (B) is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of the second stage regenerator of the expander.
【００１８】図１（Ａ）において、シリンダ１１は太径
部分と細径部分を有し、シリンダ１１内に挿入されるピ
ストン（ディスプレーサ）１２もシリンダ１１の形状に
合わせた太径部分と細径部分を有する。ピストン１２内
には、太径部分に１段目蓄冷器１４が収容され、細径部
分に２段目蓄冷器１６が収容されている。In FIG. 1 (A), a cylinder 11 has a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion, and a piston (displacer) 12 inserted in the cylinder 11 also has a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion in accordance with the shape of the cylinder 11. Have parts. In the piston 12, the first-stage regenerator 14 is accommodated in the large-diameter portion and the second-stage regenerator 16 is accommodated in the small-diameter portion.
【００１９】また、シリンダ１１とピストン１２の間に
は、太径部分において第１膨張スペース１８が画定さ
れ、細径部分において第２膨張スペース１９が画定され
る。また、シリンダ１１とピストン１２の間にはシール
２１が配置され、気密状態を構成する。Further, between the cylinder 11 and the piston 12, a first expansion space 18 is defined in a large diameter portion and a second expansion space 19 is defined in a small diameter portion. Further, a seal 21 is arranged between the cylinder 11 and the piston 12 to form an airtight state.
【００２０】１段目蓄冷器１４は、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ等の通常
の蓄冷材で構成された、たとえば網目状蓄冷材を収容す
る。２段目蓄冷器１６は、図１（Ｂ）に一例を示すよう
な積層構造を有する。The first-stage regenerator 14 accommodates, for example, a mesh regenerator made of a normal regenerator such as Cu or Pb. The second-stage regenerator 16 has a laminated structure as an example shown in FIG.
【００２１】図１（Ｂ）に示すように、２段目蓄冷器１
６は、ベークライト製の容器２３の中に上下の開口２
４、２５で外部と連続されたガス通路２６を形成してい
る。このガス通路２６内に、下側から数枚の金網３１、
フェルト３２が充填され、下側の開口２５から蓄冷材が
流出しない構成をとっている。As shown in FIG. 1B, the second stage regenerator 1
6 is a bakelite container 23 with upper and lower openings 2
4 and 25 form a gas passage 26 continuous with the outside. In this gas passage 26, several wire meshes 31,
The felt 32 is filled, and the cool storage material does not flow out from the lower opening 25.
【００２２】フェルト３２の上に、ＥｒＮｉＧｅの球状
粒で構成された最低温蓄冷材３３、フェルト３４、Ｅｒ
Ｎｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 の球状粒で構成された第２低温蓄冷材
３５、フェルト３６、Ｅｒ0.5 Ｄｙ0.5 Ｎｉ2 の球状粒
で形成された第３低温蓄冷材３７、フェルト３８、Ｄｙ
Ｎｉ2 の球状粒で構成された第４低温蓄冷材３９が積層
状に充填され、その上をフェルト４０、パンチングメタ
ル４１で覆っている。On the felt 32, the lowest temperature regenerator material 33 composed of spherical particles of ErNiGe, felt 34, Er
Second low temperature regenerator material 35 composed of spherical particles of Ni 0.9 Co 0.1 , felt 36, third low temperature regenerator material 37 formed of spherical particles of Er 0.5 Dy 0.5 Ni 2 , felt 38, Dy
The fourth low temperature regenerator material 39 composed of spherical particles of Ni 2 is filled in a laminated form, and the felt 40 and the punching metal 41 cover it.
【００２３】図２は、第３低温蓄冷材、第４低温蓄冷材
に用いられたＥｒ1-x Ｄｙx Ｎｉ2の比熱特性を他の組
成およびＰｂ、Ｈｅの比熱と共に示す。また、従来用い
られたＥｒＲｈの比熱特性も合わせて示す。第３低温蓄
冷材３７の比熱特性は、ｘ＝０．５の場合に該当し、第
４低温蓄冷材３９の比熱特性は、ｘ＝１．０の場合に該
当する。FIG. 2 shows the specific heat characteristics of Er 1 -x Dy x Ni 2 used for the third low temperature regenerator material and the fourth low temperature regenerator material together with other compositions and the specific heat of Pb and He. In addition, the specific heat characteristics of ErRh used conventionally are also shown. The specific heat characteristic of the third low temperature regenerator material 37 corresponds to the case of x = 0.5, and the specific heat characteristic of the fourth low temperature regenerator material 39 corresponds to the case of x = 1.0.
【００２４】図に示すように、約２０Ｋ以下の温度にお
いて、第４低温蓄冷材に用いられたＤｙＮｉ2 は、Ｐｂ
よりも良好な比熱を有する。第３低温蓄冷材に用いられ
たＥｒ0.5 Ｄｙ0.5 Ｎｉ2 （ｘ＝０．５）は、１２．３
Ｋ付近に比熱ピークを有し、それ以下の低温においてＤ
ｙＮｉ2 よりも良好な比熱を有する。As shown in the figure, at a temperature of about 20 K or less, DyNi 2 used in the fourth low temperature regenerator material is Pb.
It has a better specific heat than. Er 0.5 Dy 0.5 Ni 2 (x = 0.5) used for the third low temperature regenerator material is 12.3.
It has a specific heat peak near K and D at lower temperatures
It has a better specific heat than yNi 2 .
【００２５】図３は、第２低温蓄冷材３３に用いられた
ＥｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 および関連する物質の比熱特性を
示す。ＥｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 の比熱特性は、約８Ｋ付近
から低温に向かって急激に立ち上がり、６、７Ｋ付近で
比熱のピークを描いた後、さらに極低温に向かっては急
激に減少している。FIG. 3 shows specific heat characteristics of ErNi 0.9 Co 0.1 used for the second low temperature regenerator material 33 and related materials. The specific heat characteristic of ErNi 0.9 Co 0.1 rises sharply from around 8 K toward low temperature, and after drawing a peak of specific heat around 6 and 7 K, it rapidly decreases toward extremely low temperature.
【００２６】第２低温蓄冷材として用いる蓄冷材の組成
を、ＥｒＮｉ0.8 Ｃｏ0.2 に変更すると、その比熱特性
はさらに低温側にシフトする。従来提案された実用的極
低温蓄冷材のＥｒ3 ＮｉやＥｒＮｉの比熱特性と比較す
ると、ＥｒＮｉx Ｃｏ1-x の比熱特性の特徴がより明ら
かとなろう。すなわち、ＥｒＮｉの比熱特性は、１０Ｋ
付近で鋭いピークを描くが、その後急激に立ち下がって
いる。When the composition of the regenerator material used as the second low temperature regenerator material is changed to ErNi 0.8 Co 0.2 , its specific heat characteristic shifts to the lower temperature side. Compared to the specific heat characteristics of the Er 3 Ni and ErNi prior proposed practical cryogenic regenerator material will become more apparent the characteristics of the specific heat characteristics of ErNi x Co 1-x. That is, the specific heat characteristic of ErNi is 10K.
A sharp peak is drawn in the vicinity, but then it sharply drops.
【００２７】Ｅｒ3 Ｎｉの比熱特性は、約１２Ｋより上
の温度ではＥｒＮｉの比熱よりも高い値を示し、１２〜
６Ｋ付近においてはＥｒＮｉよりも比熱が低いが、それ
よりも低温部においてはほぼＥｒＮｉと同等の比熱を示
している。The specific heat characteristic of Er 3 Ni shows a value higher than that of ErNi at a temperature above about 12K, and is 12 to
The specific heat is lower than ErNi in the vicinity of 6K, but in the lower temperature region than that, it shows almost the same specific heat as ErNi.
【００２８】上記実施例で用いたＥｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1
の蓄冷材は、約８Ｋ以下の極低温領域において、常にＥ
ｒＮｉやＥｒ3 Ｎｉよりも良好な比熱特性を示してい
る。Ｅｒ3 Ｎｉと比較すれば、約７．５Ｋ以下の極低温
領域において、ＥｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 またはＥｒＮｉ
0.8 Ｃｏ0.2 の比熱特性は、Ｅｒ3 Ｎｉの比熱の約２倍
の大きさの比熱を示している。ErNi 0.9 Co 0.1 used in the above examples
The regenerator material is always E in the extremely low temperature range of about 8K or less.
It has better specific heat characteristics than rNi and Er 3 Ni. Compared with Er 3 Ni, ErNi 0.9 Co 0.1 or ErNi in the cryogenic region of about 7.5 K or less.
The specific heat characteristic of 0.8 Co 0.2 is about twice as large as the specific heat of Er 3 Ni.
【００２９】図４は、最低温蓄冷材３３に用いられたＥ
ｒＮｉＧｅの比熱特性をＧｄＮｉＧｅ及びＥｒＮｉ0.9
Ｃｏ0.1 と共に示す。ＥｒＮｉＧｅの比熱特性は、約４
Ｋ付近から低温に向かって急激に立ち上がり、約３．２
Ｋで比熱のピークを示した後、さらに極低温に向かって
急激に減少している。これを、ＥｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 の
比熱特性と比較すると、約４Ｋ以下の極低温領域でＥｒ
Ｎｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 よりも良好な比熱を有することがわか
る。FIG. 4 shows E used for the lowest temperature cold storage material 33.
The specific heat characteristic of rNiGe was measured by GdNiGe and ErNi 0.9.
Shown with Co 0.1 . The specific heat characteristics of ErNiGe are about 4
It rapidly rises from around K toward low temperature, and is about 3.2.
After showing the peak of specific heat at K, it rapidly decreases toward extremely low temperature. Comparing this with the specific heat characteristics of ErNi 0.9 Co 0.1 , Er was observed in the cryogenic region of about 4K or less.
It can be seen that it has a better specific heat than Ni 0.9 Co 0.1 .
【００３０】図２に示すように、第４低温蓄冷材および
第３低温蓄冷材は、約２０〜１２Ｋ付近において良好な
比熱を有するため、１段目蓄冷器から供給される冷却さ
れた作動ガスを有効に冷却することができ、第２低温蓄
冷材に供給される作動ガスの温度を約１２Ｋ以下に冷却
することができる。As shown in FIG. 2, the fourth low temperature regenerator material and the third low temperature regenerator material have good specific heat around 20 to 12K, so that the cooled working gas supplied from the first stage regenerator is used. Can be effectively cooled, and the temperature of the working gas supplied to the second low temperature regenerator material can be cooled to about 12K or less.
【００３１】第２低温蓄冷材３５は、約１２Ｋ以下、特
に６〜７Ｋ近傍で極めて大きな比熱を有するので、作動
ガスを効率的に冷却し、たとえば４Ｋ以下の温度に冷却
することもできる。Since the second low temperature regenerator material 35 has a very large specific heat at about 12 K or less, especially in the vicinity of 6 to 7 K, the working gas can be efficiently cooled, for example, to a temperature of 4 K or less.
【００３２】最低温蓄冷材３３は、約４Ｋ以下、特に
３．２Ｋ近傍で極めて大きな比熱を有するので、作動ガ
スを効率的に冷却し、さらに極低温に冷却することもで
きる。図４に示すＧｄＮｉＧｅの比熱特性は、約１２Ｋ
付近から低温に向かって急激に立ち上がり、約１０．６
Ｋで比熱のピークを示した後、さらに極低温に向かって
やや緩やかに減少している。これを、ＥｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ
0.1 の比熱特性と比較すると、約８〜１２Ｋの温度範囲
でＥｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 よりも良好な比熱を有すること
がわかる。Since the lowest temperature regenerator material 33 has an extremely large specific heat at about 4 K or less, particularly in the vicinity of 3.2 K, the working gas can be efficiently cooled and further cooled to an extremely low temperature. The specific heat characteristic of GdNiGe shown in Fig. 4 is about 12K.
It rapidly rises from the vicinity to low temperature, about 10.6
After showing the peak of specific heat at K, it gradually decreases toward the extremely low temperature. This is ErNi 0.9 Co
Compared with the specific heat characteristic of 0.1 , it can be seen that it has a better specific heat than ErNi 0.9 Co 0.1 in the temperature range of about 8 to 12K.
【００３３】図１（Ｂ）に示す積層構造の蓄冷器におい
ては、第３低温蓄冷材３７の比熱がピークを描く温度は
約１２．３Ｋであるため、第２低温蓄冷材３５としてＥ
ｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 の代わりにＧｄＮｉＧｅを使用する
ことにより、第３低温蓄冷材３７と第２低温蓄冷材３５
との比熱のピークを与える温度をより近づけることがで
きる。このため、第３低温蓄冷材は、比熱が大きい温度
範囲で作動ガスと熱交換すればよいことになる。従っ
て、第３低温蓄冷材でより効率的に作動ガスを冷却する
ことが可能になる。In the regenerator having the laminated structure shown in FIG. 1B, the temperature at which the specific heat of the third low-temperature regenerator material 37 peaks is about 12.3 K, so that the second low-temperature regenerator material 35 E
By using GdNiGe instead of rNi 0.9 Co 0.1 , the third low temperature regenerator material 37 and the second low temperature regenerator material 35 can be used.
The temperatures at which the peaks of specific heat of and are given can be made closer. Therefore, the third low-temperature regenerator material needs to exchange heat with the working gas in a temperature range where the specific heat is large. Therefore, it becomes possible to more efficiently cool the working gas with the third low temperature regenerator material.
【００３４】一方、第２低温蓄冷材３５をＧｄＮｉＧｅ
に置き代えると、図４に示すように、第２低温蓄冷材３
５と最低温蓄冷材３３との関係において、４〜８Ｋの温
度範囲で比熱が小さくなる。この温度範囲をカバーする
ために、さらに、第２低温蓄冷材３５と最低温蓄冷材３
３との間にＥｒＮｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 からなる蓄冷材を挿入
し、全体で５層構造の蓄冷材としてもよい。On the other hand, the second low temperature regenerator material 35 is replaced with GdNiGe.
If replaced with, as shown in FIG.
In the relationship between 5 and the lowest temperature cold storage material 33, the specific heat becomes small in the temperature range of 4 to 8K. In order to cover this temperature range, the second low temperature regenerator material 35 and the lowest temperature regenerator material 3 are further added.
A regenerator material made of ErNi 0.9 Co 0.1 may be inserted between the regenerator 3 and the regenerator 3 to form a regenerator material having a five-layer structure as a whole.
【００３５】以上説明したように、ＥｒＮｉＧｅ、Ｅｒ
Ｎｉ0.9 Ｃｏ0.1 、ＧｄＮｉＧｅを低温側からこの順番
に積層して蓄冷材として用いることにより、極低温領域
で良好な比熱を有する蓄冷材を得ることができる。この
ため、蓄冷器を有する冷凍機において、極低温を実現す
ることが容易になる。As described above, ErNiGe, Er
By stacking Ni 0.9 Co 0.1 and GdNiGe in this order from the low temperature side and using them as a cold storage material, it is possible to obtain a cold storage material having good specific heat in an extremely low temperature region. Therefore, it becomes easy to realize an extremely low temperature in a refrigerator having a regenerator.
【００３６】なお、ＮｉＧｅを含む蓄冷材としてＥｒＮ
ｉＧｅ、ＧｄＮｉＧｅを例にとって説明したが、Ｒy Ｎ
ｉＧｅ（Ｒは、Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｍ、Ｓｍ、
Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ、Ｌ
ｕ）においても同等の比熱特性が実現されるものと考え
られる。また、Ｒの一部を他の希土類元素Ａで置換する
ことにより、比熱ピーク出現温度を制御することができ
る。ErN is used as a regenerator material containing NiGe.
Although iGe and GdNiGe have been described as an example, R y N
iGe (R is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm,
Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, L
It is considered that the same specific heat characteristics can be realized also in u). Further, by substituting a part of R with another rare earth element A, the specific heat peak appearance temperature can be controlled.
【００３７】また、ＮｉＧｅの一部をＡｌ、Ｍｎ、Ｃ
ｕ、Ｓｂ等の非磁性元素Ｍで置換することにより、比熱
ピークの半値幅を制御することができる。Ｒy ＮｉＧｅ
のＲの一部を他の希土類元素Ａで置換し、ＮｉＧｅの一
部を非磁性元素Ｍで置換したものは、（Ｒ1-x Ａx ）y
（ＮｉＧｅ）1-z Ｍ2zと表すことができる。なお、良好
な比熱特性を得るためには、０≦ｘ≦０．５、０．０５
≦ｙ≦２０、０≦ｚ≦０．３とすることが好ましい。Further, a part of NiGe is Al, Mn, C
By substituting with a non-magnetic element M such as u or Sb, the half-value width of the specific heat peak can be controlled. R y NiGe
(R 1-x A x ) y is obtained by substituting a part of R of R in the above with another rare earth element A and a part of NiGe with a non-magnetic element M.
It can be expressed as (NiGe) 1-z M 2z . In order to obtain good specific heat characteristics, 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5, 0.05
It is preferable that ≦ y ≦ 20 and 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.3.
【００３８】このような蓄冷材を用いた冷凍機により、
従来のＥｒ3 Ｎｉを使用した冷凍機を置き換えることが
できると共に、従来の冷凍機では冷凍能力が不足し、液
体ヘリウムによって冷却せざるを得なかった装置や設備
にも冷凍機を用いることが可能となる。たとえば、リニ
アモータ等の超伝導電磁石の冷却やＭＲＩ等の磁気シー
ルドの冷却、電波望遠鏡等の素子冷却等にも極低温冷却
器を用いることが可能となる。With a refrigerator using such a regenerator material,
It is possible to replace the conventional refrigerator that uses Er 3 Ni, and it is possible to use the refrigerator in equipment and facilities that had to be cooled with liquid helium because the conventional refrigerator lacked refrigeration capacity. Becomes For example, the cryogenic cooler can be used for cooling a superconducting electromagnet such as a linear motor, cooling a magnetic shield such as MRI, and cooling an element such as a radio telescope.
【００３９】以上実施例に沿って本発明を説明したが、
本発明はこれらに制限されるものではない。例えば、種
々の変更、改良、組み合わせ等が可能なことは当業者に
自明であろう。The present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments.
The present invention is not limited to these. For example, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made.
【００４０】[0040]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
極低温領域、特に４．２Ｋ付近の冷凍能力を向上した蓄
冷器を用いた極低温冷凍機を提供することができる。As described above, according to the present invention,
It is possible to provide a cryogenic refrigerator using a regenerator having an improved refrigerating capacity in a cryogenic region, particularly in the vicinity of 4.2K.
【図１】本発明の実施例による２段式ＧＭ冷凍機の構成
を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a two-stage GM refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】図１に示すＧＭ冷凍機に用いた第３、第４低温
蓄冷材の比熱特性を示すグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing specific heat characteristics of third and fourth low temperature regenerator materials used in the GM refrigerator shown in FIG.
【図３】図１に示すＧＭ冷凍機に用いた第２低温蓄冷材
の比熱特性を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing a specific heat characteristic of a second low temperature regenerator material used in the GM refrigerator shown in FIG.
【図４】図１に示すＧＭ冷凍機に用いた最低温蓄冷材の
比熱特性を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the specific heat characteristics of the lowest temperature cold storage material used in the GM refrigerator shown in FIG. 1.
１１ シリンダ １２ ピストン １４ １段目蓄冷器 １６ ２段目蓄冷器 １８ １段目膨張スペース １９ ２段目膨張スペース ２１ シール ２３ 容器 ２４、２５ 開口 ２６ ガス流路 ３１ 金網 ３２、３４、３６、３８、４０ フェルト ３３、３５、３７、３９ 蓄冷材 ４１ パンチングメタル 11 Cylinder 12 Piston 14 1st Stage Regenerator 16 2nd Stage Regenerator 18 1st Stage Expansion Space 19 2nd Stage Expansion Space 21 Seal 23 Container 24, 25 Opening 26 Gas Flow Path 31 Wire Mesh 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 Felt 33, 35, 37, 39 Cold storage material 41 Punching metal
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 龍 毅 中華人民共和国北京市海淀区学院路30 北 京科学技術大学７棟201号 (72)発明者 大西 淳 神奈川県平塚市夕陽ケ丘63番30号 住友重 機械工業株式会社総合技術研究所内Front page continuation (72) Inventor Yong Yi 30 Gakuin Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China No. 201, No. 7 Building, Bukkyo University of Science and Technology (72) Atsushi Onishi 63-30 Yuhigaoka, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa Sumitomo Heavy Industries Research Institute of Technology, Ltd.
Claims (4)
Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ、Ｌ
ｕよりなる群から選ばれた１種の元素、ＡはＲ以外の希
土類元素、Ｍは非磁性の金属元素、０≦ｘ≦０．５、
０．０５≦ｙ≦２０、０≦ｚ≦０．３）で表記される１
種または異なる組成の２種以上の磁性金属間化合物から
なる蓄冷材を含む極低温冷凍機用蓄冷器。 1. A compound represented by the general formula (R 1-x A x ) y (NiGe) 1-z M 2z (wherein R is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm,
Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, L
1 element selected from the group consisting of u, A is a rare earth element other than R, M is a non-magnetic metal element, 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5,
0.05 ≦ y ≦ 20, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.3) 1
A regenerator for a cryogenic refrigerator including a regenerator material composed of two or more kinds of magnetic intermetallic compounds having different kinds or different compositions.
含み、 前記蓄冷材及び前記他の蓄冷材が層状に積層されている
請求項１記載の極低温冷凍機用蓄冷器。2. The regenerator for a cryogenic refrigerator according to claim 1, further comprising at least one other regenerator material, wherein the regenerator material and the other regenerator material are laminated in layers.
シリンダの一端に膨張空間を画定するディスプレーサ
と、 前記膨張空間に作動ガスを供給、または前記膨張空間か
ら作動ガスを排気するためのガス流路と、 前記ガス流路内の少なくとも一部に配置され、一般式 （Ｒ1-x Ａx ）y （ＮｉＧｅ）1-z Ｍ2z （ただし、ＲはＬａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｐｍ、Ｓｍ、
Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｈｏ、Ｅｒ、Ｔｍ、Ｙｂ、Ｌ
ｕよりなる群から選ばれた１種の元素、ＡはＲ以外の希
土類元素、Ｍは非磁性の金属元素、０≦ｘ≦０．５、
０．０５≦ｙ≦２０、０≦ｚ≦０．３）で表記される１
種または異なる組成の２種以上の磁性金属間化合物を含
む蓄冷材とを有する極低温冷凍機。3. A cylinder having a cylindrical internal space, a displacer axially slidably arranged in the cylinder, and defining an expansion space at one end of the cylinder, and a working gas supplied to the expansion space. Or a gas flow path for exhausting the working gas from the expansion space, and at least a part of the gas flow path, the gas having the general formula (R 1-x A x ) y (NiGe) 1-z M 2z (However, R is La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm,
Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, L
1 element selected from the group consisting of u, A is a rare earth element other than R, M is a non-magnetic metal element, 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5,
0.05 ≦ y ≦ 20, 0 ≦ z ≦ 0.3) 1
A cryogenic refrigerator having a regenerator material containing two or more kinds of magnetic intermetallic compounds having different kinds or different compositions.
部に配置された他の蓄冷材を含み、 前記蓄冷材と前記他の蓄冷材が層状に積層されている請
求項３記載の極低温冷凍機。4. The cryogenic temperature according to claim 3, further comprising another regenerator material disposed in at least a part of the gas flow path, wherein the regenerator material and the other regenerator material are laminated in layers. refrigerator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6217560A JP2845761B2 (en) | 1994-09-12 | 1994-09-12 | Regenerator for cryogenic refrigerator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6217560A JP2845761B2 (en) | 1994-09-12 | 1994-09-12 | Regenerator for cryogenic refrigerator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0882450A true JPH0882450A (en) | 1996-03-26 |
| JP2845761B2 JP2845761B2 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
Family
ID=16706176
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6217560A Expired - Fee Related JP2845761B2 (en) | 1994-09-12 | 1994-09-12 | Regenerator for cryogenic refrigerator |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2845761B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015175578A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-05 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Regenerator type refrigeration machine |
| CN108413639A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-17 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | It is a kind of to inhibit structure by the fluctuation of the combined temp of low-temperature receiver of refrigeration machine |
-
1994
- 1994-09-12 JP JP6217560A patent/JP2845761B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015175578A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-05 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | Regenerator type refrigeration machine |
| CN108413639A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-17 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | It is a kind of to inhibit structure by the fluctuation of the combined temp of low-temperature receiver of refrigeration machine |
| CN108413639B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2023-10-13 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Composite temperature fluctuation suppression structure with refrigerator as cold source |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2845761B2 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
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