JPH0843861A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0843861A JPH0843861A JP17894794A JP17894794A JPH0843861A JP H0843861 A JPH0843861 A JP H0843861A JP 17894794 A JP17894794 A JP 17894794A JP 17894794 A JP17894794 A JP 17894794A JP H0843861 A JPH0843861 A JP H0843861A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- electrode
- substrate
- electrodes
- display element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は染料を用いた液晶表示素
子に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device using a dye.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、薄型軽量、低消費電力という大き
な利点を持つ液晶表示素子（ＬＣＤ）は、日本語ワード
プロセッサやデスクトップパーソナルコンピュータなど
のパーソナル０Ａ機器の表示装置として積極的に用いら
れており、表示方法都市手は、偏光板を用いた旋光モー
ドや複屈折モード、および染料を用いたＧＨモード、光
散乱効果を利用した反射型散乱モード等がある。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, liquid crystal display elements (LCDs), which have the great advantages of thinness, light weight, and low power consumption, have been actively used as display devices for personal OA equipment such as Japanese word processors and desktop personal computers. Display method The city hand has an optical rotation mode and a birefringence mode using a polarizing plate, a GH mode using a dye, and a reflection type scattering mode using a light scattering effect.
【０００３】旋光モードのＬＣＤは例えば９０°ねじれ
た分子配列をもつツイステッドネマティック（ＴＮ）形
液晶であり、原理的に白黒表示で高いコントラスト比を
示すことから、時計や電卓に、また良好な階調性性能を
示し、応答速度が比較的速いことから、単純マトリクス
駆動や、スイッチング素子を各画素ごとに具備したアク
ティブマトリクス駆動を用い、ＴＦＴやＭＩＭ、またカ
ラーフィルターと組み合わせてフルカラー表示の液晶テ
レビや０Ａ機器などに応用されている。The LCD of the optical rotation mode is, for example, a twisted nematic (TN) type liquid crystal having a molecular arrangement twisted by 90 °, and in principle displays a high contrast ratio in black and white display, and therefore is suitable for a clock, a calculator, and the like. Liquid crystal television with full-color display using simple matrix drive or active matrix drive with switching element for each pixel because it shows tonality performance and relatively fast response speed, combined with TFT, MIM and color filter. It has been applied to OA equipment.
【０００４】一方、複屈折モードの表示方式のＬＣＤ
は、一般に基板間の液晶分子が９０°以上ねじれた分子
配列をもつスーパーツイスト（ＳＴ）形液晶で、急峻な
電気光学特性をもつため、各画素ごとにスイッチング素
子を設けない単純マトリクス状の電極構造でも時分割駆
動により容易に大容量表示が得られる。On the other hand, a birefringence mode display type LCD
Is a super-twist (ST) type liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal molecules between the substrates are twisted by 90 ° or more, and has a sharp electro-optical characteristic, and therefore a simple matrix electrode without a switching element for each pixel. Even with the structure, a large capacity display can be easily obtained by time-division driving.
【０００５】しかしながら、これら偏光板を用いたＬＣ
Ｄは見る角度や、方向によってコントラスト比や表示色
が変化したり、階調表示をした際、表示が反転するとい
う視角依存性があり、また、少なくとも偏光板で入射光
の５０％が吸収されるため表示が暗いといった問題が生
じる。また、視角依存性がある。However, LC using these polarizing plates
D has a viewing angle dependency in which the contrast ratio and display color change depending on the viewing angle and direction, and the display is inverted when gradation display is performed, and at least 50% of the incident light is absorbed by the polarizing plate. Therefore, the problem that the display is dark occurs. Also, there is a viewing angle dependency.
【０００６】これらと比較してＧＨモードのＬＣＤは、
例えば図１１に示すようにフォーカルコニック組織（も
しくはカイラルネメティック）に染料を添加し、染料の
ランダムな配列により暗状態を得て、これと液晶が垂直
に配列した状態にて明状態を得て表示の明暗を得ている
ＧＨ−ＰＣ型ＬＣＤであり、偏光板を全く用いないので
明るい表示性能を得ることができる。しかしながら、暗
状態は染料のランダムな配列による得るものであるか
ら、光の吸収特性は、吸収軸が一様な方向に配列された
偏光板を用いる方式と比較すれば不完全なものとなる。
よって、コントラスト比が低いといった問題が生じる。
これに対して、ホモジニアス配列やＴＮ配列のネマティ
ック組成に染料を添加したＧＨ−ＨＯＭＯ−ＬＣＤや、
ＧＨ−ＴＨ−ＬＣＤは偏光板同様の機能を染料にて実現
した表示モードであるが、この場合、偏光子もしくは検
光子として偏光板１枚を用いる必要があり、前述した偏
光板を用いた液晶表示素子となり、表示が暗いといった
問題かけ生じることになる。また、前記ＧＨ−ＨＯＭＯ
−ＬＣＤを２層化して偏光板を用いない構造も実用化さ
れているが、この場合、基板厚の分の視差が生じるた
め、高精細表示が実現できない。以上のことから明るい
表示を得る目的で考えた場合、従来の技術の中ではＧＨ
−ＰＣ型ＬＣＤが最も実用的といえるがこの方式には前
述したようにコントラスト比が低いといった問題があ
る。In comparison with these, the GH mode LCD is
For example, as shown in FIG. 11, a dye is added to the focal conic structure (or chiral nematic), a dark state is obtained by the random arrangement of the dyes, and a bright state is obtained when the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal are vertically arranged. It is a GH-PC type LCD that obtains a bright and dark display, and since a polarizing plate is not used at all, a bright display performance can be obtained. However, since the dark state is obtained by the random arrangement of the dyes, the light absorption characteristics are incomplete as compared with the system using the polarizing plate in which the absorption axes are arranged in a uniform direction.
Therefore, there arises a problem that the contrast ratio is low.
On the other hand, a GH-HOMO-LCD in which a dye is added to a nematic composition of a homogeneous arrangement or a TN arrangement,
GH-TH-LCD is a display mode in which the same function as a polarizing plate is realized by a dye, but in this case, it is necessary to use one polarizing plate as a polarizer or an analyzer, and a liquid crystal using the above-mentioned polarizing plate. It becomes a display element and causes a problem that the display is dark. In addition, the GH-HOMO
-A structure in which the LCD has two layers and a polarizing plate is not used is also put into practical use, but in this case, high-definition display cannot be realized because parallax occurs due to the substrate thickness. From the above, when considering for the purpose of obtaining a bright display, GH
It can be said that the PC type LCD is most practical, but this system has a problem that the contrast ratio is low as described above.
【０００７】反射型散乱モードは、例えば図９に示すよ
うに、それぞれ電極３、４を有する２枚の基板１、２間
の液晶層７中に、層内電極７ａを配置した構成で、液晶
中に染料を添加していない構造からなるＰＣ型ＬＣＤで
あり、これに黒板を背面に設け、液晶が垂直に配列した
状態にて暗状態を得て、フォーカルコニック配列にて光
の後方散乱効果（液晶層による光反射）を得て明状態を
得るものであり、偏光板を用いないため明るい表示性能
を実現する可能性を持っている。しかしながら、表示
を、明暗を得るのに光の透過、吸収といった制御をして
いるのではなく、直進、散乱といった制御しているた
め、入射光が直線光である必要があり、フラットパネル
としては反射型しか実現できないといった制約がある。In the reflection type scattering mode, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, an in-layer electrode 7a is arranged in a liquid crystal layer 7 between two substrates 1 and 2 having electrodes 3 and 4, respectively. This is a PC-type LCD with a structure in which no dye is added, and a blackboard is placed on the back of this to obtain a dark state when the liquid crystals are vertically aligned, and a back-scattering effect of light is obtained by the focal conic array. (Light reflection by the liquid crystal layer) is obtained to obtain a bright state, and since a polarizing plate is not used, there is a possibility of realizing bright display performance. However, since the display is controlled not to transmit or absorb light in order to obtain lightness or darkness but to control straightness or scattering, the incident light needs to be a linear light, and as a flat panel, There is a limitation that only reflective type can be realized.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このように従来の液晶
表示素子は偏光板を用いて暗い表示になるか、偏光板を
用いない場合、コントラスト比が低下するか、または反
射型にしか応用できないといった問題が生じる。As described above, the conventional liquid crystal display device uses a polarizing plate for a dark display, or if the polarizing plate is not used, the contrast ratio is lowered, or it can be applied only to a reflective type. Such a problem occurs.
【０００９】本発明はこのような不都合を解決する液晶
表示素子を得るものである。The present invention is to obtain a liquid crystal display device which solves such a problem.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、一表面に第１
の電極を有する第１の基板と一表面に第２の電極を有す
る第２の基板とを前記両電極が対向するように設置し、
前記基板間に染料を添加した誘電異方性が正のネマティ
ック液晶組成物からなる液晶層を挟んだ液晶表示素子に
おいて、前記第１の電極は前記第１の基板の表面方向に
電界を形成する電極構成からなり、前記第２の電極は前
記第２の基板の表面方向で、かつ前記第１の基板の電界
方位に交差する方向に電界を形成する電極構成からな
り、前記液晶層の液晶分子配列が前記第１の基板および
第２の基板の表面に対して実質的に垂直な配列をなして
いることを特徴とする液晶表示素子を得るものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a first surface having a first structure.
And a second substrate having a second electrode on one surface thereof are installed so that the two electrodes face each other,
In a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal layer made of a nematic liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy added with a dye is sandwiched between the substrates, the first electrode forms an electric field in the surface direction of the first substrate. The second electrode has an electrode structure that forms an electric field in a surface direction of the second substrate and in a direction intersecting an electric field direction of the first substrate, and liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal display device, wherein the arrangement is substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate.
【００１１】さらに、前記第１の電極および第２の電極
が複数の指状片を並列したくし状電極からなり指状片を
交互に入り組ませた構成でなることを特徴とする液晶表
示素子を得るものである。Further, the first electrode and the second electrode are comb-shaped electrodes in which a plurality of finger-shaped pieces are arranged in parallel, and the finger-shaped pieces are alternately interdigitated and assembled. Is what you get.
【００１２】さらに、第１の電極および第２の電極が透
明電極からなることを特徴とする液晶表示素子を得るも
のである。Further, the present invention provides a liquid crystal display element characterized in that the first electrode and the second electrode are transparent electrodes.
【００１３】さらに、液晶層の屈折率異方性Δｎと液晶
厚ｄを乗じた値が０．５μｍ未満である液晶表示素子を
得るものである。Further, a liquid crystal display device is obtained in which the value obtained by multiplying the liquid crystal layer thickness d by the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal layer is less than 0.5 μm.
【００１４】[0014]
【作用】図４に示すように、本発明の液晶層７は電圧無
印加時に液晶分子８および染料９が上下基板１、２に対
して垂直配列またはチルトを有する垂直配列している。
符号５，６で示す部分は基板の液晶層側に形成する配向
膜であり、垂直配向材料で形成している。液晶層は正の
誘電異方性を持つネマティック液晶に染料を添加した組
成物を用いる。As shown in FIG. 4, in the liquid crystal layer 7 of the present invention, liquid crystal molecules 8 and dyes 9 are vertically aligned or vertically aligned with respect to the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2 when no voltage is applied.
The portions indicated by reference numerals 5 and 6 are alignment films formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the substrate, and are formed of a vertical alignment material. The liquid crystal layer uses a composition in which a dye is added to nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy.
【００１５】また、電極３、４は、図５に一画素分を示
しているが、上基板において、電極３は一対のくし状電
極３ａ、３ｂの各指状片３０、３１を交互に入り組ませ
た構造を有し、同じく下基板の電極４は一対のくし状電
極４ａ、４ｂの各指状片４０、４１を交互に入り組ませ
た構造を有し、、各電極は電源１０により指状片間に電
圧を印加することにより、基板表面方向に電界が印加で
きる構成としている。つまり電界は基板表面に垂直に配
列する液晶分子８に対して直交した方向に印加されるよ
うになっている。図６は図５に示した電極４を用いて基
板２表面の指状片の延長方向に直交する面方向に電界印
加した場合の電界ｅの空間分布を断面的に示したもので
ある。電界強度を適正な値とすることにより、基板近傍
ではほぼ全面的に基板面方向に電界が印加される。Further, the electrodes 3 and 4 are shown for one pixel in FIG. 5, but on the upper substrate, the electrodes 3 alternately enter the finger-shaped pieces 30 and 31 of the pair of comb-shaped electrodes 3a and 3b. Similarly, the electrode 4 on the lower substrate has a structure in which the finger-shaped pieces 40 and 41 of the pair of comb-shaped electrodes 4a and 4b are alternately interdigitated and assembled. By applying a voltage between the fingers, an electric field can be applied in the substrate surface direction. That is, the electric field is applied in the direction orthogonal to the liquid crystal molecules 8 arranged perpendicularly to the substrate surface. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the spatial distribution of the electric field e when an electric field is applied in the plane direction orthogonal to the extension direction of the fingers on the surface of the substrate 2 using the electrode 4 shown in FIG. By setting the electric field strength to a proper value, the electric field is applied in the substrate surface direction almost entirely in the vicinity of the substrate.
【００１６】電界制御に対して染料９は液晶分子８と同
様の挙動を示するので、電圧を印加した場合と、印加し
ない場合の液晶分子および染料は図７および図８のよう
な配列をとる。図７は電極３、４として例えばアルミの
ような遮光性のある材料を用いた場合の染料の挙動の変
化および光吸収のメカニズムを説明した図である。図８
は電極３、４としてＩＴＯのような透明な材料を用いた
場合で図７同様のものである。Since the dye 9 behaves similarly to the liquid crystal molecules 8 with respect to the electric field control, the liquid crystal molecules and the dye when voltage is applied and when not applied have the arrangements shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. . FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the change in the behavior of the dye and the mechanism of light absorption when a material having a light shielding property such as aluminum is used for the electrodes 3 and 4. FIG.
Shows the case where a transparent material such as ITO is used for the electrodes 3 and 4, and is the same as in FIG.
【００１７】図７（ａ）および図８（ａ）は電圧を印加
していない場合で、染料９はともに基板表面に垂直配列
（方位ｖ）しており、光はほぼ透過する（明状態）。こ
こで、図７、図８を比較した場合、電極部が透明である
分、図８の構成の方が明るくなる。FIGS. 7 (a) and 8 (a) show the case where no voltage is applied, and the dyes 9 are both arranged vertically (direction v) on the substrate surface, and almost all light is transmitted (bright state). . Here, when comparing FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the configuration of FIG. 8 becomes brighter because the electrode portion is transparent.
【００１８】これに対して図７（ｂ）および図８（ｂ）
のように、電源１０から電圧を印加した場合、液晶分子
および染料はともに図示するように液晶層の上半分でも
下半分でもほぼ一様な方向（方位ｈ1 、ｈ2 ）に配列
し、かつその方向は、電極による相互に直交する面方向
電界の方向にしたがい、上半分（方位ｈ1 ）と下半分
（方位ｈ2 ）で直交している。上半分でも下半分でもほ
ぼ一様な方向に配列しているため、上半分でも下半分で
もそれぞれ配列方向の偏光成分は吸収される。また、そ
の方向は上半分と下半分で直交しているので上半分と下
半分で吸収される偏光成分は直交の関係となり、理論上
は入射光の２色性比分の光（染料が２色性を示す波長）
を吸収する。２色性比が仮に無限大であり、染料の色が
黒つまり２色性を示す波長が全可視光に及ぶ場合、光の
透過率は０となる。ここで、図７、図８を比較した場
合、電極上の電界の境界部は染料が基板面方向に配列し
にくいので若干光の吸収度が低下するが、遮光されてい
る分、図７の構成の方が表示が暗くなる。したがって図
８の構成は図７の構成よりもより明るい表示が得られ、
逆に図７の構成は図８の構成よりもより高いコントラス
ト特性が得られる。On the other hand, FIG. 7 (b) and FIG. 8 (b)
When a voltage is applied from the power source 10, the liquid crystal molecules and the dye are arranged in a substantially uniform direction (azimuth h1, h2) in the upper half and the lower half of the liquid crystal layer as shown in FIG. Are orthogonal in the upper half (azimuth h1) and the lower half (azimuth h2) according to the directions of the surface electric fields orthogonal to each other by the electrodes. Since the upper half and the lower half are arranged in a substantially uniform direction, the polarized components in the arrangement direction are absorbed in the upper half and the lower half, respectively. In addition, since the directions are orthogonal in the upper half and the lower half, the polarized components absorbed in the upper half and the lower half are in an orthogonal relationship, and theoretically, the light of the dichroic ratio of the incident light (the two colors of the dye are (Wavelength indicating the property)
Absorbs. If the dichroic ratio is infinite and the dye color is black, that is, the wavelength showing dichroism covers all visible light, the light transmittance is 0. Here, when comparing FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, since the dye is difficult to be arrayed in the substrate surface direction at the boundary of the electric field on the electrode, the light absorption is slightly lowered, but the light is shielded because the light is shielded. The display is darker in the configuration. Therefore, the configuration of FIG. 8 provides a brighter display than the configuration of FIG.
On the contrary, the configuration of FIG. 7 can obtain higher contrast characteristics than the configuration of FIG.
【００１９】このように本発明は液晶表示素子は従来の
染料を用いたＬＣＤと比較して、染料の配列方向を制御
しており、かつその方向が直交した２方位に及んでいる
ので、暗状態を得やすく、高いコントラスト特性が実現
できる。As described above, according to the present invention, the liquid crystal display device controls the array direction of the dyes and the directions extend in two directions orthogonal to each other as compared with the LCD using the conventional dyes. The state can be easily obtained and high contrast characteristics can be realized.
【００２０】また、いずれの構成においても電圧印加時
の旋光性能を決めるパラメータである液晶の複屈折率異
方性Δｎと液晶層厚ｄを乗じた値Δｎｄを０．５μｍ以
下にすれば、さらに優れたコントラスト特性が得られ
る。これにより、液晶層を通過する光の旋光性を制限し
て、遮光性を高める。光の旋光を放置すると、電圧を印
加した状態では、本発明の液晶表示素子はいわゆるＴＮ
分子配列と同等の光学特性を示すために、例えば液晶層
の上半分と下半分で染料分子が直交配列した状態でも、
液晶層内で光が９０°の旋光が生じてしまっては光の吸
収効果は半減してしまうからである。実際は光の波長に
よって旋光性は異なるので、すべての波長に対して９０
°の旋光が生じてしまうことは実用上ない。しかしなが
ら、Δｎｄの値を０．５μｍ以下とすれば、さらにこの
値をより小さければ小くするほど、旋光性は弱くなり優
れたコントラスト特性が得られることとなる。Δｎｄの
値、いいかえると位相差を可視光の平均的波長０．５μ
ｍより小さくすることになるためである。Further, in any configuration, if the value Δnd obtained by multiplying the liquid crystal layer thickness d by the birefringence anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal, which is a parameter that determines the optical rotation performance when a voltage is applied, is set to 0.5 μm or less. Excellent contrast characteristics can be obtained. This limits the optical rotatory power of the light passing through the liquid crystal layer and enhances the light blocking property. When the optical rotation is left, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a so-called TN when a voltage is applied.
In order to show the optical characteristics equivalent to the molecular arrangement, for example, even in the state where the dye molecules are arranged orthogonally in the upper half and the lower half of the liquid crystal layer,
This is because if the light is rotated by 90 ° in the liquid crystal layer, the light absorbing effect is halved. In reality, the optical rotatory power differs depending on the wavelength of light, so 90
It is practically impossible to generate a rotation of °. However, if the value of Δnd is set to 0.5 μm or less, the smaller the value, the weaker the optical rotatory power, and the better the contrast characteristic can be obtained. The value of Δnd, in other words, the phase difference is 0.5μ of the average wavelength of visible light.
This is because it will be smaller than m.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】以下図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明す
る。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００２２】（実施例１）図１乃至図３は本発明の一実
施例を示し、図１は上下基板表面の電極配置、図２は上
下基板の一画素分の電極構成、図３は下基板の一画素分
の電極構成を示している。(Embodiment 1) FIGS. 1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows the electrode arrangement on the upper and lower substrates, FIG. 2 shows the electrode structure for one pixel of the upper and lower substrates, and FIG. The electrode structure for one pixel of the substrate is shown.
【００２３】図において、上基板１の表面に列方向に信
号線１１が並列され、行方向に走査線１２と共通電極１
３とが交互に並置されてマトリクスを形成している。信
号線１１と走査線１２とで囲まれた領域には幅５μｍの
４つの指状片３０をもつアルミの電極体３ａが共通電極
１３を挟んで平面的に相対向し、共通電極１３から上記
指状片３０に交互に入り組み間隙が５μｍになるように
指状片３１が列方向に延びて対向電極３ｂを形成する。
これら電極の厚みは３０００オングストロームで、不透
明になっている。In the figure, signal lines 11 are arranged in parallel in the column direction on the surface of the upper substrate 1, and scanning lines 12 and common electrode 1 are arranged in the row direction.
3 and 3 are alternately juxtaposed to form a matrix. In a region surrounded by the signal lines 11 and the scanning lines 12, aluminum electrode bodies 3a having four finger-shaped pieces 30 with a width of 5 μm are planarly opposed to each other with the common electrode 13 interposed therebetween, and The finger-shaped pieces 31 are alternately inserted into the finger-shaped pieces 30 and the finger-shaped pieces 31 extend in the column direction so that the gap is 5 μm to form the counter electrode 3b.
The thickness of these electrodes is 3000 Å, which is opaque.
【００２４】電極体３ａのそれぞれは信号線１１と走査
線１２の交差部分にＴＦＴスイッチング素子１４（図
中、○印で表示）を有して、この素子を介して上記各線
に接続されている。共通電極１３は各行ごとに、行方向
に対向電極体３ｂを貫くようにこれらと一体に形成され
ている。一対の電極体３ａを含む領域が一画素領域とな
るが、実際の動作上は特定の信号線１１および走査線１
２にスイッチング素子を介して接続されている電極同志
が共通画素として働く。例えば図では走査線１２を境に
互いに背をむけて配置された電極体３a1、３b1およびス
イッチング素子１４1 、１４2 の領域（斜線領域）が一
画素領域になる。基板上の全画素数は６４０×４８０で
ある。Each of the electrode bodies 3a has a TFT switching element 14 (indicated by a circle in the figure) at the intersection of the signal line 11 and the scanning line 12, and is connected to each line through this element. . The common electrode 13 is formed integrally with each row so as to penetrate the counter electrode body 3b in the row direction. A region including the pair of electrode bodies 3a becomes one pixel region, but in actual operation, the specific signal line 11 and the scanning line 1 are included.
The electrodes connected to 2 via a switching element act as a common pixel. For example, in the drawing, the regions (hatched regions) of the electrode bodies 3a1 and 3b1 and the switching elements 141 and 142, which are arranged with the scanning line 12 as a boundary and face away from each other, form one pixel region. The total number of pixels on the substrate is 640 × 480.
【００２５】下基板２の電極は、上基板同様に、くし状
電極構成からなるが、その指状片の方向は上基板の電極
の指状片３０、３１の方向と直交している。すなわち下
基板２の表面に列方向に信号線１１が並列され、行方向
に走査線１２と共通電極１３とが交互に並置されてマト
リクスを形成している。信号線１１と走査線１２とで囲
まれた領域には行方向に延びる３つの指状片４０をもつ
電極体４ａが共通電極１３の両側に平面的に横並びで相
対向している。さらに共通電極１３に接続され、上記指
状片４０に交互に入り組むように２つの指状片４１が行
方向に延びて対向電極４ｂを形成する。The electrodes of the lower substrate 2 have a comb-like electrode structure like the upper substrate, but the direction of the fingers is orthogonal to the directions of the fingers 30 and 31 of the electrodes of the upper substrate. That is, the signal lines 11 are arranged in parallel in the column direction on the surface of the lower substrate 2, and the scanning lines 12 and the common electrodes 13 are alternately arranged in the row direction to form a matrix. In a region surrounded by the signal lines 11 and the scanning lines 12, electrode bodies 4a having three finger-shaped pieces 40 extending in the row direction are arranged horizontally on both sides of the common electrode 13 and face each other. Further, two finger-shaped pieces 41 connected to the common electrode 13 extend in the row direction so as to interdigitate with the finger-shaped pieces 40 and form the counter electrode 4b.
【００２６】電極体４ａのそれぞれは信号線１１と走査
線１２の交差部分にＴＦＴスイッチング素子１５（図
中、○印で表示）を有して、この素子を介して上記各線
に接続されている。共通電極１３は各行ごとに、行方向
に対向電極体４ｂを貫くようにこれらと一体に形成され
ている。一対の電極体４ａを含む領域が一画素領域とな
るが、実際の動作上は特定の信号線１１および走査線１
２にスイッチング素子を介して接続されている電極同志
が共通画素として働き、例えば図では斜線領域が一画素
領域になる。Each of the electrode bodies 4a has a TFT switching element 15 (indicated by a circle in the drawing) at the intersection of the signal line 11 and the scanning line 12, and is connected to each of the above lines through this element. . The common electrode 13 is formed integrally with each row so as to penetrate the counter electrode body 4b in the row direction. A region including the pair of electrode bodies 4a becomes one pixel region, but in actual operation, the specific signal line 11 and the scanning line 1
The electrodes connected to 2 via a switching element act as a common pixel, and, for example, the shaded area in the figure is one pixel area.
【００２７】上下基板１、２の電極側の面に液晶分子配
列が基板面に垂直となる垂直配向膜（図示しない）を形
成し、これら基板で液晶層７を挟持する。配向膜として
商品名ＡＬ−１０５１，（株）日本合成ゴム製）を基板
に塗布し、ＯＤＳアルコール溶液（濃度vol.０．５％、
（株）チッソ製）に浸積して垂直配向処理を施した。基
板間隔ｄを６．２５μｍとし、液晶組成物にΔｎが０．
１３、誘電異方性が正のネマティック液晶（商品名ＺＬ
Ｉ−２２９３、（株）メルクジャパン製）に黒色染料
（商品名Ｓ３４４、三井東圧（株）製）を２ｗｔ％添加
したものを用いて素子とした。A vertical alignment film (not shown) is formed on the surfaces of the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2 on the electrode side so that the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is perpendicular to the substrate surfaces, and the liquid crystal layer 7 is sandwiched between these substrates. As an alignment film, a product name AL-1051 (manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) is applied to a substrate, and an ODS alcohol solution (concentration vol. 0.5%,
It was immersed in Chisso Co., Ltd. and subjected to vertical alignment treatment. The substrate distance d was 6.25 μm, and Δn was 0.
13. Nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy (Product name ZL
I-2293, manufactured by Merck Japan Co., Ltd., to which 2 wt% of a black dye (trade name S344, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd.) was added was used as an element.
【００２８】両基板の電極のそれぞれに５ｖの電圧を印
加したところ、素子の透過率は０．５０％であった。ま
た電圧を印加しない場合は６５．００％であった。した
がってコントラスト比は１３０：１であり、明るく高い
コントラストをもつ表示が得られることがわかった。さ
らに、視角依存性を主観的に評価したところ極めて視角
依存性の少ない表示が得られることがわかった。When a voltage of 5 V was applied to each of the electrodes on both substrates, the transmittance of the device was 0.50%. When no voltage was applied, it was 65.00%. Therefore, the contrast ratio was 130: 1, and it was found that a bright and high-contrast display was obtained. Furthermore, when the viewing angle dependency was subjectively evaluated, it was found that a display with very little viewing angle dependency was obtained.
【００２９】（実施例２）実施例１の電極をアルミに代
えて透明ＩＴＯ膜で形成し、他の構成は実施例１と同じ
液晶表示素子を作製した。実施例１同様に２枚の基板双
方の電極のそれぞれを５ｖの電圧で駆動したところ、素
子の透過率は１．０％であった。また電圧を印加しない
場合は透過率が７５％であったので、コントラスト比は
７５：１であり、高コントラストであり、実施例１以上
に明るい表示性能であることがわかった。Example 2 A liquid crystal display device having the same structure as in Example 1 except that the electrodes of Example 1 were formed of a transparent ITO film instead of aluminum was prepared. When each of the electrodes on both of the two substrates was driven at a voltage of 5 V as in Example 1, the transmittance of the device was 1.0%. Further, when no voltage was applied, the transmittance was 75%, so the contrast ratio was 75: 1, which was high contrast, and it was found that the display performance was brighter than in Example 1.
【００３０】また、視角依存性を主観的に評価したとこ
ろ実施例１と同様に極めて視角依存性の少ない表示が得
られることがわかった。Further, when the viewing angle dependency was subjectively evaluated, it was found that a display having very little viewing angle dependency was obtained as in Example 1.
【００３１】（実施例３）基板間隔ｄを４μｍとし、液
晶組成物としてΔｎが０．０４の誘電異方性が正のネマ
ティック液晶（商品名ＺＬＩ−２８０６、（株）メルク
ジャパン製）に黒色染料（商品名Ｓ３４４、三井東圧
（株）製）を２ｗｔ％添加したものとした他は、実施例
２と同じ構成にして本実施例の液晶表示素子を得た。Δ
ｎｄはほぼ０．１６μｍである。実施例１と同様に各電
極の指状片間に５ｖの電圧を印加したところ、素子の透
過率は０．５％であった。また電圧を印加しない場合は
７５％であったので、コントラスト比は１５０：１であ
り、実施例２の素子よりも高コントラストであり、実施
例１の素子以上に明るい表示性能であることがわかっ
た。Example 3 A nematic liquid crystal (trade name: ZLI-2806, manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd.) having a positive dielectric anisotropy of Δn of 0.04 as a liquid crystal composition was black with a substrate distance d of 4 μm. A liquid crystal display device of this example was obtained with the same configuration as in Example 2 except that 2 wt% of a dye (trade name S344, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd.) was added. Δ
nd is approximately 0.16 μm. When a voltage of 5 v was applied between the fingers of each electrode as in Example 1, the transmittance of the device was 0.5%. Further, when the voltage was not applied, it was 75%, so that the contrast ratio was 150: 1, which was higher than that of the element of Example 2, and it was found that the display performance was brighter than that of the element of Example 1. It was
【００３２】また、視角依存性を主観的に評価したとこ
ろ実施例１と同様に極めて視角依存性の少ない表示が得
られることがわかった。Further, when the viewing angle dependency was subjectively evaluated, it was found that a display having very little viewing angle dependency was obtained as in Example 1.
【００３３】[0033]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば偏光板を使用する必要の
ない、明るく高コントラストな液晶表示素子を実現する
ことができる。カラーフィルターを用いてカラー表示を
行っても、またＴＦＴ等のスイッチング素子を用いて駆
動しても、同様の効果を得ることができることはいうま
でもない。According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a bright and high-contrast liquid crystal display element which does not require the use of a polarizing plate. It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if color display is performed using a color filter or driving is performed using a switching element such as a TFT.
【図１】本発明の一実施例を示す部分的斜視図。FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の一実施例の上基板の電極のパターンを
示す平面図。FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern on an upper substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の一実施例の下基板の電極のパターンを
示す平面図。FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an electrode pattern on a lower substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の作用を説明する略断面図。FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of the present invention.
【図５】本発明の作用を説明する電極の略斜視図。FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an electrode for explaining the operation of the present invention.
【図６】本発明の作用を説明する電極により生じる電界
の形状を示す略図。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the shape of an electric field generated by electrodes for explaining the operation of the present invention.
【図７】本発明の作用を説明するもので、（ａ）は電圧
無印加時の染料の配列を示す略図、（ｂ）は電圧を印加
した時の染料の配列を示す略図。7A and 7B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the present invention, in which FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram showing an array of dyes when no voltage is applied, and FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram showing an array of dyes when a voltage is applied.
【図８】本発明の作用を説明するもので、（ａ）は電圧
無印加時の染料の配列を示す略図、（ｂ）は電圧を印加
した時の染料の配列を示す略図。8A and 8B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the present invention, in which FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram showing an array of dyes when no voltage is applied, and FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram showing an array of dyes when a voltage is applied.
【図９】従来素子を説明する略断面図。FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional element.
１…上基板 ２…下基板 ３…上電極 ４…下電極 ５、６…配向膜 ７…液晶層 ８…液晶分子 ９…染料 １０…電源 １１…信号線 １２…走査線 １３…共通電極 １４、１５…ＴＦＴスイッチング素子 ３０、３１、４０、４１…指状片 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Upper substrate 2 ... Lower substrate 3 ... Upper electrode 4 ... Lower electrode 5, 6 ... Alignment film 7 ... Liquid crystal layer 8 ... Liquid crystal molecule 9 ... Dye 10 ... Power supply 11 ... Signal line 12 ... Scan line 13 ... Common electrode 14, 15 ... TFT switching element 30, 31, 40, 41 ... Finger piece
Claims (4)
と一表面に第２の電極を有する第２の基板とを前記両電
極が対向するように設置し、前記基板間に染料を添加し
た誘電異方性が正のネマティック液晶組成物からなる液
晶層を挟んだ液晶表示素子において、 前記第１の電極は前記第１の基板の表面方向に電界を形
成する電極構成からなり、 前記第２の電極は前記第２の基板の表面方向で、かつ前
記第１の基板の電界方位に交差する方向に電界を形成す
る電極構成からなり、 前記液晶層の液晶分子配列が前記第１の基板および第２
の基板の表面に対して実質的に垂直な配列をなしている
ことを特徴とする液晶表示素子。1. A first substrate having a first electrode on one surface and a second substrate having a second electrode on one surface are installed so that both electrodes face each other, and a dye is provided between the substrates. In a liquid crystal display element sandwiching a liquid crystal layer made of a nematic liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy, the first electrode has an electrode configuration for forming an electric field in the surface direction of the first substrate, The second electrode has an electrode configuration that forms an electric field in a surface direction of the second substrate and in a direction intersecting an electric field direction of the first substrate, and the liquid crystal molecule alignment of the liquid crystal layer is the first electrode. Substrate and second
2. A liquid crystal display element characterized in that it is arranged substantially perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
の指状片を並列したくし状電極からなり指状片を交互に
入り組ませた構成でなることを特徴とする請求項１に記
載の液晶表示素子。2. The first electrode and the second electrode are comb-shaped electrodes in which a plurality of fingers are arranged in parallel, and the fingers are alternately interdigitated and assembled. The liquid crystal display device according to item 1.
からなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の液晶表示素
子。3. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are transparent electrodes.
乗じた値が０．５μｍ未満である請求項１に記載の液晶
表示素子。4. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein a value obtained by multiplying the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal layer by the liquid crystal thickness d is less than 0.5 μm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17894794A JP3432293B2 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Liquid crystal display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17894794A JP3432293B2 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Liquid crystal display device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0843861A true JPH0843861A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
| JP3432293B2 JP3432293B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 |
Family
ID=16057438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17894794A Expired - Fee Related JP3432293B2 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1994-07-29 | Liquid crystal display device |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3432293B2 (en) |
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| CN110955078A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-03 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display panel, driving method thereof and display device |
| US11333938B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2022-05-17 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Display panel, driving method thereof, and display device |
| EP3859441A4 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2022-06-15 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Display panel, method for driving same, and display device |
| CN110955078B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2024-04-09 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display panel, driving method thereof and display device |
| CN113359358A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-07 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | Liquid crystal display panel and driving method of liquid crystal display panel |
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| JP3432293B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 |
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