JPH0826874A - Method for treating organic waste matter and treating apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Method for treating organic waste matter and treating apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0826874A JPH0826874A JP756395A JP756395A JPH0826874A JP H0826874 A JPH0826874 A JP H0826874A JP 756395 A JP756395 A JP 756395A JP 756395 A JP756395 A JP 756395A JP H0826874 A JPH0826874 A JP H0826874A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- organic waste
- treating organic
- mixed powder
- dihydrogen phosphate
- buffer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は本発明は生ごみ等の有機
性廃棄物の処理方法及び処理装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating organic waste such as garbage.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般家庭から出されるごみのうち、生ご
みは湿重量比で４８％、乾重量比で２１％、容積比で１
３．７％を占めており、この生ごみを含めた有機性廃棄
物の量は年々増加の傾向にあり、ごみ出し日までの家庭
での保管中或いはごみ収集場において悪臭やハエ等の虫
の発生、或いは犬、猫、カラスのいたずら等の点で社会
問題化している。2. Description of the Related Art Among household waste, kitchen waste is 48% wet weight, 21% dry weight, and 1% by volume.
It accounts for 3.7%, and the amount of this organic waste, including food waste, is increasing year by year. During storage at home until the date of garbage disposal, or at the garbage collection site, odors and flies such as flies It has become a social problem in terms of the occurrence of pests and the mischief of dogs, cats, and crows.
【０００３】そこで、生ごみを家庭内で処理して堆肥化
するためのコンポスト容器や装置が提案されている。し
かしながら、従来のコンポスト容器や装置を用いた場合
には、堆肥化するまでに長時間を要するので、腐敗によ
る悪臭やウジ・ハエの発生の問題がある。Therefore, there has been proposed a composting container or apparatus for treating food waste at home and composting it. However, when a conventional composting container or device is used, it takes a long time to form a compost, so that there is a problem that a bad odor due to rotting and generation of maggots and flies occur.
【０００４】また、生ごみの元素組成は、一般に炭素、
窒素が多く、リン分が少ないためコンポスト容器やコン
ポスト装置にて作られる堆肥はＮ（窒素）、Ｐ（リ
ン）、Ｋ（カリ）のバランスが悪い。The elemental composition of food waste is generally carbon,
Since the amount of nitrogen is large and the amount of phosphorus is small, the compost produced in the composting container or the composting device has a poor balance of N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus) and K (potassium).
【０００５】このような有機性廃棄物を処理する方法と
して、特開昭５４−６２３８３号公報、特開平３−６５
２３９号公報或いは特開平５−１７０５７９号公報に記
載されるものが提案されている。As a method for treating such organic waste, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 54-62383 and 3-65 have been proposed.
The ones described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 239 or Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-170579 have been proposed.
【０００６】特開昭５４−６２３８３号公報に提案され
る方法は、有機性廃棄物（焼却残灰）に発酵菌、酵素及
びｐＨ調整剤を添加して発酵せしめた後、養生と乾燥を
行うことで有機質肥料とする方法であり、特開平３−６
５２３９号公報に提案される方法は、酸化チタン等の金
属酸化物と過酸化カルシウム（過酸化ナトリウム）と表
面ｐＨが７以上の活性炭を混合して有機性廃棄物の脱臭
を行う方法であり、また特開平５−１７０５７９号公報
に提案される方法は、ＥＭ（Effective Micro・organism
s）菌と称される有効微生物群に有機酸を添加し、ｐＨ
を３．０〜５．０の範囲に維持した環境で処理して有機
質肥料とする方法である。The method proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-62383 is performed by adding a fermenting bacterium, an enzyme and a pH adjusting agent to organic waste (incineration residual ash) to ferment it, followed by curing and drying. Therefore, it is a method of using an organic fertilizer.
The method proposed in Japanese Patent No. 5239 is a method of deodorizing an organic waste by mixing a metal oxide such as titanium oxide, calcium peroxide (sodium peroxide) and activated carbon having a surface pH of 7 or more, In addition, the method proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-170579 is EM (Effective Microorganism).
s) Add an organic acid to a group of effective microorganisms called bacteria,
Is an organic fertilizer.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】特開昭５４−６２３８
３号公報に提案される方法にあっては、酸またはアルカ
リを添加してｐＨを調整しつつ処理するため、連続的に
酸またはアルカリを添加しなければならず運転の管理が
面倒で、一般家庭で用いるには不向きであり、装置的に
もコンベアベルトやスクリューコンベア等を組み込んで
いるので大掛りとなっている。特開平３−６５２３９号
公報に提案される方法は、有機性廃棄物を有効利用する
のではなく、単に脱臭を行うだけであり、生ごみの処理
としては不十分なものである。特開平５−１７０５７９
号公報に提案される方法も、特開昭５４−６２３８３号
公報に提案される方法と同様に毎日或いは連続的にｐＨ
調整のための酸を投入しなければならず運転の管理が面
倒で、また有効微生物群を単に有機性廃棄物に混和する
だけであるので、水分の除去に時間がかかる。Problems to be Solved by the Invention JP-A-54-6238
In the method proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3, since acid or alkali is added to perform the treatment while adjusting the pH, it is necessary to continuously add the acid or alkali, and operation management is troublesome. It is not suitable for home use, and it is a large-scale device because it incorporates a conveyor belt and a screw conveyor. The method proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-65239 does not effectively use organic waste, but simply deodorizes it, and is not sufficient for treating food waste. JP-A-5-170579
The method proposed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 54-62383, as well as the method proposed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 54-62383, has a daily or continuous pH
It takes a long time to remove the water because it is necessary to supply an acid for adjustment, the operation is troublesome to manage, and the effective microorganism group is simply mixed with the organic waste.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決すべく本
発明に係る有機性廃棄物の処理方法は、有機性廃棄物を
微生物群によって分解処理する際に、ｐＨ緩衝剤単独ま
たはｐＨ緩衝剤と酸を添加してｐＨを所定範囲に抑えた
状態で生物反応を行わしめるようにした。尚、生物活性
を阻害せずに、また悪臭の発生を抑制するためには、ｐ
Ｈ範囲は５．８〜８．４が好ましい。特に悪臭成分のう
ち、官能しきい値が低いアンモニアや硫化水素に対して
はｐＨ６．７〜７．６が望ましい。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method for treating organic waste according to the present invention provides a pH buffering agent alone or a pH buffering agent when decomposing the organic waste by microorganisms. And an acid were added so that the biological reaction could be carried out with the pH kept within a predetermined range. In addition, in order to suppress the generation of malodor without inhibiting biological activity, p
The H range is preferably 5.8 to 8.4. Particularly, among the malodorous components, pH 6.7 to 7.6 is desirable for ammonia and hydrogen sulfide having a low functional threshold value.
【０００９】ｐＨ緩衝剤の緩衝能力を高めて、緩衝剤の
量を少なくするためには、緩衝剤中に酸解離指数（ｐＫ
a）が５．８〜８．４である化合物を含有するのが望ま
しい。このような無機化合物には、ＨＰＨＯ3 -、Ｈ2Ｐ
Ｏ4 -、Ｈ2Ｐ2Ｏ7 2-、Ｈ2Ｐ3Ｏ10 3-等のリン酸系のも
の、 ＨＣlＯ（次亜塩素酸）、ＨＣrＯ4 -（クロム
酸）、ＨＳＯ3 -、Ｈ2Ｓ（硫化水素）、ヒドロキシルア
ミン、ホウ酸等が挙げられ、有機化合物には、クエン
酸、Ｌ−アラニルグリシルグリシン等のアミノ酸の一
部、エチレンジアミン、マレイン酸等が挙げられる。そ
して、このうち、生物活性を阻害しないリン酸系、ヒド
ロキシルアミン、アミノ酸、マレイン酸等が好ましい。
更にはコンポスト容器、コンポスト装置内の有機物負荷
量を抑え、微生物分解によるｐＨ緩衝能の低下を招かな
いためには、リン酸系、ホウ酸系が好ましい。In order to increase the buffering capacity of the pH buffering agent and reduce the amount of the buffering agent, the acid dissociation index (pK) is added to the buffering agent.
It is desirable to include a compound in which a) is 5.8 to 8.4. Such inorganic compounds include HPHO 3 − , H 2 P
O 4 -, 2- H 2 P 2 O 7, H 2 P 3 O 10 3- , such as those of the phosphoric acid-based, HClO (hypochlorous acid), HCrO 4 - (chromic acid), HSO 3 -, H 2 S (hydrogen sulfide), hydroxylamine, boric acid and the like can be mentioned, and examples of the organic compound include citric acid, a part of amino acids such as L-alanylglycylglycine, ethylenediamine and maleic acid. Of these, phosphoric acid-based compounds, hydroxylamine, amino acids, maleic acid and the like that do not inhibit biological activity are preferred.
Further, phosphoric acid-based and boric-acid-based are preferable in order to suppress the load of organic substances in the composting container and the composting device and prevent the pH buffering ability from being deteriorated by microbial decomposition.
【００１０】また、有機性廃棄物を堆肥として活用する
ことを考慮すれば、ｐＨ緩衝剤はリン酸系のもの、或い
は／及びカリウム塩を含むもの、具体的にはリン酸二水
素カリウムと水酸化ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウ
ムと水酸化カリウム、リン酸二水素カリウムとリン酸水
素二ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウムとリン酸水素
二カリウム、リン酸二水素カリウムとリン酸水素二カリ
ウム、リン酸二水素カリウムと四ホウ酸ナトリウム、リ
ン酸二水素ナトリウムと四ホウ酸カリウム、リン酸水素
二カリウムとクエン酸が好ましい。Considering the utilization of organic waste as compost, the pH buffering agent is a phosphoric acid type and / or contains a potassium salt, specifically potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water. Sodium oxide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium hydroxide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, phosphorus Preferred are potassium dihydrogen acid and sodium tetraborate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium tetraborate, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and citric acid.
【００１１】更に、有機性廃棄物中の水分の蒸発面積を
大きくする水分蒸発助長材を有機性廃棄物に混ぜて処理
を行うこと、この水分蒸発助長材にｐＨ緩衝機能をもた
せることも可能である。Furthermore, it is also possible to mix a water evaporation promoting material for increasing the evaporation area of water in the organic waste with the organic waste for processing, and to give the water evaporation promoting material a pH buffering function. is there.
【００１２】ここで、有機性廃棄物を分解処理してコン
ポスト化するための微生物は特別に培養した有効微生物
群を使用してもよいが、もともと有機性廃棄物にはこれ
らの微生物が付着している場合が多いのでそれを利用し
てもよい。Here, as the microorganisms for decomposing and composting the organic waste, a specially cultivated effective microorganism group may be used, but originally these microorganisms adhere to the organic waste. In many cases, you may use it.
【００１３】また、好気性微生物としては特に限定され
るものではないが、望ましくはBacillus属、Enterobact
er属、Micrococcus属、Staphylococcus属がよい。また
微生物を製剤化するにはこれらの培養液を濃縮した液
体、または乾燥させた粉末或いは担体に担持させた粉末
を用いてもよいが、セピオライト等の多孔体に微生物を
担持させた場合には、悪臭物質を吸着することが可能と
なるため望ましい。The aerobic microorganism is not particularly limited, but is preferably Bacillus, Enterobact.
The genus er, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus are preferred. Further, in order to formulate the microorganism, a liquid obtained by concentrating these culture solutions, or a dried powder or a powder supported on a carrier may be used, but when the microorganism is supported on a porous body such as sepiolite, It is desirable because it can absorb malodorous substances.
【００１４】ここで、多孔体としては、活性炭、仮焼粘
土、硬質ウレタンフォーム、木材チップ、多孔質ガラ
ス、カラギーナンゲル等が挙げられるが、価格、気孔率
などを考慮した場合、活性炭が最も好ましい。Here, examples of the porous body include activated carbon, calcined clay, hard urethane foam, wood chips, porous glass, carrageenan gel, and the like. Activated carbon is the most preferable in consideration of price, porosity and the like. .
【００１５】また、微生物製剤とｐＨ緩衝剤との混合
物、或いは微生物製剤とｐＨ緩衝剤と薬剤との混合物を
コンポスト容器（コンポスト装置）に使用する場合に
は、生ごみ投入時に振りかける方法、或いはコンポスト
容器（コンポスト装置）使用開始時に一定量を投入し、
その後生ごみ投入時にも振りかける方法、コンポスト容
器（コンポスト装置）使用開始時に一定量を投入し、そ
の後生ごみ投入時には振りかけない方法の３通りが考え
られるが、いずれの方法でも対応可能な技術であり、こ
れら製剤の散布により悪臭の防止、ウジ・ハエ等の害虫
発生の防止、微生物の添加による堆肥化促進、得られる
堆肥の肥料効果の増大等のメリットが同時に得られる。
また、ｐＨ緩衝剤の混合比を変えることにより、目的に
応じた堆肥を得ることができる。When a mixture of a microbial preparation and a pH buffer, or a mixture of a microbial preparation, a pH buffer and a drug, is used in a composting container (composting device), a method of sprinkling it at the time of inserting garbage, or composting When a container (composting device) starts to be used, a fixed amount is added,
After that, there are three possible ways: sprinkle when throwing in raw garbage, throwing a fixed amount at the start of use of the compost container (composting device), and then not sprinkling when throwing raw garbage. Any of these methods can be used. By spraying these preparations, odors can be prevented, pests such as maggots and flies can be prevented, composting can be promoted by adding microorganisms, and the fertilizer effect of the resulting compost can be increased.
Further, by changing the mixing ratio of the pH buffer agent, compost suitable for the purpose can be obtained.
【００１６】一方、本発明に係る有機性廃棄物の処理装
置は、有機性廃棄物を微生物によって分解せしめる生物
反応室と、この生物反応室に有機性廃棄物を投入する投
入口と、生物反応室にｐＨ緩衝剤を供給するｐＨ調整部
とを備え、前記生物反応室内には有機性廃棄物中の水分
の蒸発面積を大きくする水分蒸発助長材を充填せしめ
た。尚、生物反応室に攪拌装置を設けるようにしてもよ
い。On the other hand, the apparatus for treating organic waste according to the present invention comprises a biological reaction chamber in which the organic waste is decomposed by microorganisms, a charging port for charging the organic waste into the biological reaction chamber, and a biological reaction. The chamber was equipped with a pH adjuster for supplying a pH buffer, and the bioreaction chamber was filled with a water evaporation promoting material for increasing the evaporation area of water in the organic waste. A stirring device may be provided in the biological reaction chamber.
【００１７】[0017]
【作用】ｐＨ緩衝剤は酸やアルカリを添加する場合に比
較して、長期間ｐＨを一定の範囲に維持することができ
る。The pH buffer can maintain the pH in a constant range for a long period of time as compared with the case where an acid or an alkali is added.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】以下に本発明の実施例を添付図面に基づいて
説明する。ここで、図１は本発明に係る有機性廃棄物の
処理装置の内部構造を示す全体斜視図であり、処理装置
はボックス状をなすケース１とこのケース１内に収納さ
れる生物反応室２からなり、ケース１の上面には開閉蓋
３を設け、ケース１の一側面には有機性廃棄物の分解に
よって生じたガス（Ｎ2やＣＯ2）を排出するスリット４
を形成している。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing the internal structure of the organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. The treatment apparatus is a box-shaped case 1 and a biological reaction chamber 2 housed in the case 1. A cover 3 is provided on the upper surface of the case 1, and a slit 4 for discharging gas (N 2 or CO 2 ) generated by decomposition of the organic waste is provided on one side surface of the case 1.
Is formed.
【００１９】生物反応室２の上部の一側には前記開閉蓋
３の下方に開口する有機性廃棄物Ｓの投入口５を設け、
また生物反応室２の上部の他側にはｐＨ緩衝剤を供給す
るｐＨ調整部６を設けている。尚、ｐＨ緩衝剤の他に酸
を添加する場合にはこのｐＨ調整部６を利用してもよ
い。また酸を添加する場合には、生物反応室２内の微生
物活性を阻害しない酸が好ましく、この観点からＨＣ
l、Ｈ2ＳＯ4、ＨＮＯ3などが添加する場合には好まし
い。An inlet 5 for the organic waste S, which opens below the opening / closing lid 3, is provided on one side of the upper part of the biological reaction chamber 2.
On the other side of the upper part of the biological reaction chamber 2, a pH adjusting unit 6 for supplying a pH buffer is provided. The pH adjusting unit 6 may be used when an acid is added in addition to the pH buffer. When an acid is added, an acid that does not inhibit the microbial activity in the bioreaction chamber 2 is preferable.
It is preferable to add 1, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 or the like.
【００２０】また、ケース１内底部の生物反応室２の外
側にはモータ７を設け、このモータ７にて生物反応室２
内に臨む軸８を回転せしめるようにし、この軸８には攪
拌用のロッド９を取付け、更に生物反応室２内には水分
蒸発助長材としてのおが屑１０を充填している。ここ
で、生物反応室２内での好気性発酵を促進し、メルカプ
タンや硫化メチルの分解を更に促進するために、ブロア
を設けるようにしてもよい。A motor 7 is provided outside the bioreaction chamber 2 at the bottom of the case 1, and the bioreaction chamber 2 is driven by the motor 7.
A shaft 8 facing the inside is rotated, a stirring rod 9 is attached to the shaft 8, and the biological reaction chamber 2 is filled with sawdust 10 as a water vaporization promoting material. Here, a blower may be provided to promote aerobic fermentation in the biological reaction chamber 2 and further promote decomposition of mercaptan and methyl sulfide.
【００２１】以上において、生ごみ等の有機性廃棄物を
生物反応室２内に投入し、ゆっくりと或いは定期的に攪
拌する。すると、微生物による発酵に伴う発熱により有
機性廃棄物中の約８０％を占める水分が蒸発し、また有
機性廃棄物は低分子化され、窒素はアンモニア態窒素
（ＮＨ4 +）を経て硝酸態窒素（ＮＯ3 -）や亜硝酸態窒素
（ＮＯ2 -）に酸化分解された後、Ｎ2ガスとなって放出
され、また、低分子化された酢酸（ＣＨ3ＣＯＯＨ）や
プロピオン酸（ＣＨ3ＣＨ2ＣＯＯＨ）等の有機酸はメタ
ン（ＣＨ4）や二酸化炭素（ＣＯ2）のガスに変換されて
放出され、更に蛋白等に含まれている硫黄（Ｓ）成分
は、アミノ酸から硫化水素、メルカプタン類、硫化メチ
ル類を経て硫酸イオン（ＳＯ4 2-）にまで代謝される。In the above, organic waste such as food waste is put into the biological reaction chamber 2 and stirred slowly or periodically. Then, the heat generated by fermentation by microorganisms evaporates water, which accounts for about 80% of the organic waste, and the organic waste is reduced to a low molecular weight, and nitrogen is converted to ammonium nitrate through ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + ). After being oxidatively decomposed into nitrogen (NO 3 − ) and nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 − ), it is released as N 2 gas, and is also converted into low molecular weight acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) and propionic acid (CH Organic acids such as 3 CH 2 COOH) are converted into methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas and released. Further, sulfur (S) components contained in proteins and the like are converted from amino acids to hydrogen sulfide. , Mercaptans, and methyl sulfides to be metabolized to sulfate ions (SO 4 2- ).
【００２２】以下に具体的な実施例とその結果について
説明する。 （実施例１）図１に示した有機性廃棄物の処理装置の生
物反応室２内に予め３０リットルのおが屑を充填し、またｐ
Ｈ緩衝剤として、２．１molのＮaＨ2ＰＯ4・２Ｈ2Ｏ
と、１．４molのＮaＨＰＯ4・１２Ｈ2Ｏと、１．５リットル
の水とを前記おが屑に添加して、おが屑の初期ｐＨを
６．５〜６．９内に収めるようにした。そして、上記の
生物反応室２内に以下の（表１）に示す組成の生ごみ１
Ｋｇを毎日投入し、ｐＨ緩衝剤を使用した場合と使用し
ない場合のガス分析結果を（表２）に示す。この（表
２）に示すように、長期間にわたって生物反応室内のｐ
Ｈを６．７〜７．６に維持することができた。Specific examples and their results will be described below. (Example 1) 30 liters of sawdust was charged in advance in the bioreaction chamber 2 of the apparatus for treating organic waste shown in FIG.
As H buffer, 2.1 mol of NaH 2 PO 4 .2H 2 O
Then, 1.4 mol of NaHPO 4 .12H 2 O and 1.5 liters of water were added to the sawdust to bring the initial pH of the sawdust to within 6.5-6.9. Then, in the above-mentioned biological reaction chamber 2, the raw garbage 1 having the composition shown in (Table 1) below
(Table 2) shows the results of gas analysis in which Kg was added every day and the pH buffer was used and not used. As shown in this (Table 2), p
H could be maintained between 6.7 and 7.6.
【００２３】[0023]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２４】[0024]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２５】（実施例２）水はけが良く、日当たりの良
い土壌中に市販の容量１３０リットルのコンポスト容器８基
を約５cmの深さに埋設し、夫々のコンポスト容器に以下
の（表３）に示す組合せでｐＨ緩衝剤、微生物製剤、無
機多孔体、薬剤を混合したコンポスト化剤を１５ｇ投入
した。尚、コンポスト化剤を投入しない系も実験した。Example 2 Eight commercially available composting containers having a capacity of 130 liters were buried in a well-drained, sunny soil to a depth of about 5 cm, and the following (Table 3) was prepared in each composting container. 15 g of a composting agent in which a pH buffer, a microbial preparation, an inorganic porous material and a drug were mixed in the indicated combination was added. A system in which no composting agent was added was also tested.
【００２６】[0026]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２７】これらコンポスト容器に毎日７１０ｇの生
ごみを投入するとともに、生ごみ投入時にはそれぞれを
５ｇづつ投入した。生ごみはその内容差による実験結果
の差を排除するために、一般家庭から排出されると考え
られる以下の組成で統一した。 人参 ：１４０ｇ キャベツ ：１４０ｇ じゃがいもの皮：７０ｇ バナナの皮 ：７０ｇ 梨またはリンゴの皮と芯：７０ｇ 柑橘類の皮 ：７０ｇ 小鰯 ：１００ｇ 茶がら ：２０ｇ 御飯 ：３０ｇ[0027] 710 g of raw garbage was put into these composting containers every day, and 5 g of each was put at the time of putting raw garbage. In order to eliminate the difference in the experimental results due to the difference in contents, the raw garbage is unified with the following composition that is considered to be discharged from general households. Carrot: 140g Cabbage: 140g Potato skin: 70g Banana skin: 70g Pear or apple skin and core: 70g Citrus skin: 70g Small sardines: 100g Tea powder: 20g Rice: 30g
【００２８】また上記の実施例２では、ｐＨ緩衝剤、微
生物製剤、無機多孔体、薬剤としてリン酸水素二カリウ
ムとリン酸二水素カリウムとを１：１で混合したもの、
バチルス属細菌の培養液を乾燥した粉末、セピオライ
ト、ピレトリンを用いた。またｐＨ緩衝剤、微生物製
剤、担体（無機多孔体）及び薬剤の混合比は100:100:10
0:1とした。それぞれの評価は臭気、害虫の発生、堆肥
成分の分析により行った。その結果を前記（表３）の下
半部に示す。Further, in the above-mentioned Example 2, a pH buffer, a microbial preparation, an inorganic porous material, a mixture of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate as agents in a ratio of 1: 1,
Dry powder, sepiolite, and pyrethrin were used for the culture solution of Bacillus bacterium. The mixing ratio of pH buffer, microbial preparation, carrier (inorganic porous material) and drug is 100: 100: 10.
It was set to 0: 1. Each evaluation was performed by analysis of odor, generation of harmful insects, and compost components. The results are shown in the lower half of the above (Table 3).
【００２９】臭気については２０人のパネラーによる官
能評価を行い、強度と不快度について５段階評価を行っ
た。ここで、評価の基準は以下の通りである。 （臭気強度） 強度１：全く臭わない 強度２：臭いが分る限界程度 強度３：臭う 強度４：ハッキリ臭う 強度５：強烈に臭う （不快度） 不快度１：快でも不快でもない 不快度２：どちらかというと不快 不快度３：やや不快 不快度４：ハッキリ不快 不快度５：非常に不快The odor was sensory-evaluated by 20 panelists, and the strength and discomfort were evaluated on a 5-point scale. Here, the evaluation criteria are as follows. (Odor intensity) Intensity 1: No odor Intensity 2: Limit level at which odor is noticeable Intensity 3: Odor Intensity 4: Clear odor Intensity 5: Strong odor (Discomfort) Discomfort 1: Neither pleasant nor discomfort 2 : Somewhat uncomfortable Discomfort 3: Slightly uncomfortable 4: Clear discomfort Discomfort 5: Very uncomfortable
【００３０】また、害虫の発生については、容器内のウ
ジ・ハエ等の発生を観察した。また肥料成分の分析は１
年後完熟した堆肥の、Ｋ（カリ）、Ｎ（窒素）、Ｐ（リ
ン）を市販の肥料と比較することにより行った。尚、Ｋ
は炎光分析法で、Ｎは柳本ＣＮコーダーで、Ｐはバナド
モリブデン酸比色法で分析した。更に以上の実験のうち
臭気の官能試験と害虫の発生は、気候による影響を考慮
して、夏、秋、冬に計３回行い、夫々の実験期間は１ヵ
月とした。Regarding the generation of pests, the generation of maggots, flies, etc. in the container was observed. The analysis of fertilizer components is 1
It was carried out by comparing K (potassium), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) of compost that was matured after a year with commercially available fertilizers. Incidentally, K
Is a flame photometric method, N is a Yanagimoto CN coder, and P is a vanadomolybdic acid colorimetric method. Further, in the above experiments, the odor sensory test and the generation of pests were conducted three times in total in summer, autumn and winter in consideration of the influence of climate, and each experiment period was one month.
【００３１】また、上記の実施例の肥料効果を以下の
（表４）に示す。Further, the fertilizer effect of the above embodiment is shown in (Table 4) below.
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００３２】[0032]
【発明の効果】以上に説明および実験結果を示す各
（表）から明らかなように本発明によれば、有機性廃棄
物を分解する生物反応室のｐＨをｐＨ緩衝剤で調整する
ようにしたので、一定範囲のｐＨ値を長期間（約２ヵ
月）メンテナンスフリーで維持することができ、運転の
管理が簡単になり一般家庭で用いるのに好都合である。According to the present invention, the pH of the biological reaction chamber for decomposing organic wastes is adjusted with a pH buffer, as is clear from the above (Tables) showing the explanations and experimental results. Therefore, the pH value in a certain range can be maintained for a long period of time (about 2 months) without maintenance, and the operation can be easily managed, which is convenient for use in a general household.
【００３３】また、ｐＨ緩衝剤中に例えば酸解離指数
（ｐＫa）が７．２のＨ2ＰＯ4 -を含有せしめることで、
（表２）に示すように、ｐＨ６．７〜７．６に抑えるの
に少量の緩衝剤で足りるので、一般家庭で用いるのに好
都合である。Further, for example, H 2 PO 4 − having an acid dissociation index (pKa) of 7.2 is contained in the pH buffer,
As shown in (Table 2), a small amount of buffer is sufficient to control the pH to 6.7 to 7.6, which is convenient for general household use.
【００３４】また、ｐＨ緩衝剤としてリン酸系のものや
カリウムを含有するものを用いることで、分解処理物中
にリン酸等が含まれることになり、有機肥料として優れ
たものが得られる。即ち堆肥の肥料効果を増大せしめる
ことが可能となり、生ごみを堆肥として有効利用するた
め土壌活性が増大する。Further, by using a phosphoric acid type or a pH buffering agent as the pH buffer, phosphoric acid or the like is contained in the decomposed product, and an excellent organic fertilizer can be obtained. That is, the fertilizer effect of the compost can be increased, and the soil activity is increased because the garbage is effectively used as the compost.
【００３５】また、上記ｐＨ緩衝剤として混合溶液を用
いた場合には、生物反応部のｐＨを均一に調整できるの
で、管理が容易であり、一方、ｐＨ緩衝剤として混合粉
体或いは水和物の混合粉体を用いた場合には、混合溶液
に比べて重量及び体積が小さくて済むので、運搬、取り
扱いが容易となり、一般家庭で用いるのに好都合であ
る。When a mixed solution is used as the above pH buffer, the pH of the bioreaction part can be adjusted uniformly, which facilitates management. On the other hand, the mixed powder or hydrate as the pH buffer is used. When the mixed powder of (3) is used, the weight and volume are smaller than those of the mixed solution, which facilitates transportation and handling and is convenient for general household use.
【００３６】また、生物反応をｐＨ５．８〜ｐＨ８．４
の範囲で、好ましくは６．７〜７．６の範囲で行うこと
で、窒素系の悪臭成分であるアンモニアやアミン、硫黄
系の悪臭成分であるメルカプタンや硫化メチルの分解が
更に進行し、生物処理効率が向上するとともに、前記し
た（表２）のように、悪臭成分であるアンモニアや硫化
水素を低く抑えることができた。Further, the biological reaction is carried out at pH 5.8 to pH 8.4.
In the range of 6.7 to 7.6, the decomposition of the nitrogen-based malodorous components such as ammonia and amine, and the sulfur-based malodorous component such as mercaptan and methyl sulfide is further promoted, As well as improving the treatment efficiency, as described above (Table 2), ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, which are malodorous components, could be suppressed low.
【００３７】また、有機性廃棄物中におが屑等の水分蒸
発助長材を混ぜて生物処理を行うことで、有機性廃棄物
中の水分の蒸発を短時間のうちに行うことができ、特に
この水分蒸発助長材にｐＨ緩衝剤としての作用を付加し
たり、水分蒸発助長材を充填した生物反応室に攪拌装置
を設けることで生物処理効率は更に向上する。By mixing the organic waste with a water evaporation promoting material such as sawdust and performing biological treatment, the water in the organic waste can be evaporated in a short time. The biological treatment efficiency is further improved by adding a function as a pH buffer to the water vaporization promoting material or providing a stirring device in the biological reaction chamber filled with the water vaporization promoting material.
【００３８】また、ブロアによって生物反応室内での好
気性発酵を助長することでコンポスト化が更に促進され
る。Further, the blower promotes aerobic fermentation in the bioreaction chamber to further promote composting.
【００３９】また、コンポスト化剤に無機多孔体、ｐＨ
緩衝剤を混合することで、悪臭の発生を軽減でき、更に
これに薬剤を混合することでウジ・ハエ等の害虫の発生
を抑制でき、且つ混合比を変えることにより目的に応じ
た使い分けができる。In addition, as the composting agent, an inorganic porous material, pH
By mixing a buffering agent, it is possible to reduce the generation of bad odors, and by mixing it with a chemical, it is possible to suppress the generation of harmful insects such as maggots and flies, and by changing the mixing ratio, it can be used properly according to the purpose. .
【００４０】更に、本発明によって生ごみ等の有機性廃
棄物を家庭内で処理することにより、ごみの減量化が達
成でき、ごみ出し回数が減り、汁だれ、犬、猫、カラス
によるいたずらの問題もなくなるためごみ出しが楽にな
り、環境汚染も防ぐことができる。Furthermore, according to the present invention, by treating organic waste such as food waste at home, it is possible to reduce the amount of garbage, reduce the number of times garbage is discharged, and to prevent mischief by dripping, dogs, cats, and crows. Since there are no problems, garbage can be easily discharged and environmental pollution can be prevented.
【図１】本発明に係る有機性廃棄物の処理装置の内部構
造を示す全体斜視図FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing the internal structure of an organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
１…ケース、２…生物反応室、３…開閉蓋、５…投入
口、６…ｐＨ調整部、８…回転軸、９…ロッド、１０…
水分蒸発助長材（おが屑）、Ｓ…有機性廃棄物。1 ... Case, 2 ... Biological reaction chamber, 3 ... Open / close lid, 5 ... Input port, 6 ... pH adjusting unit, 8 ... Rotating shaft, 9 ... Rod, 10 ...
Water evaporation promoting material (sawdust), S ... Organic waste.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 村野 仁美 福岡県北九州市小倉北区中島２丁目１番１ 号 東陶機器株式会社内 (72)発明者 安藤 正美 福岡県北九州市小倉北区中島２丁目１番１ 号 東陶機器株式会社内 (72)発明者 佐藤 信吾 福岡県北九州市小倉北区中島２丁目１番１ 号 東陶機器株式会社内 (72)発明者 佐藤 博 福岡県北九州市小倉北区中島２丁目１番１ 号 東陶機器株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hitomi Murano 2-1-1 Nakajima, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture Totoki Kikai Co., Ltd. (72) Masami Ando 2 Nakajima, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 1-1-1, Totoki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shingo Sato 2-1-1, Nakajima, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture 72-1 In Tokoki Co., Ltd. (72) Hiroshi Sato, Kokura, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 2-1-1 Nakajima, Kita-ku Totoki Equipment Co., Ltd.
Claims (14)
は有機性廃棄物が持込んだ微生物群によって分解処理す
る方法において、ｐＨ緩衝剤を添加してｐＨを所定範囲
に抑えた状態で生物反応を行わしめるようにしたことを
特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。1. A method for decomposing an organic waste by a cultivated microbial group or a microbial group carried in by an organic waste, wherein the organism is used in a state where a pH buffer is added to control the pH within a predetermined range. A method for treating organic waste, characterized in that the reaction is carried out.
法において、前記ｐＨ緩衝剤は、酸解離指数（ｐＫa）
が５．８〜８．４である無機化合物或いは有機化合物を
含有することを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。2. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the pH buffer is an acid dissociation index (pKa).
A method for treating organic wastes, which comprises an inorganic compound or an organic compound having a value of 5.8 to 8.4.
法において、前記ｐＨ緩衝剤は、多価イオンおよび多価
陰イオンに水素が結合した陰イオンを有する塩を利用す
ることを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。3. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the pH buffer uses a salt having an anion in which hydrogen is bonded to a polyvalent ion and a polyvalent anion. And the method of treating organic waste.
法において、前記ｐＨ緩衝剤は、リン酸系或いは／及び
カリウム塩を含むことを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理
方法。4. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the pH buffer contains a phosphoric acid type and / or a potassium salt.
法において、前記ｐＨ緩衝剤はリン酸二水素カリウムと
水酸化ナトリウムとの混合溶液、リン酸二水素ナトリウ
ムと水酸化カリウムとの混合溶液、リン酸二水素カリウ
ムとリン酸水素二ナトリウムとの混合溶液、リン酸二水
素ナトリウムとリン酸水素二カリウムとの混合溶液、リ
ン酸二水素カリウムとリン酸水素二カリウムとの混合溶
液、リン酸二水素カリウムと四ホウ酸ナトリウムとの混
合溶液、リン酸二水素ナトリウムと四ホウ酸カリウムと
の混合溶液、リン酸水素二カリウムとクエン酸との混合
溶液のうちの少なくとも１種を用いることを特徴とする
有機性廃棄物の処理方法。5. The method of treating organic waste according to claim 4, wherein the pH buffer is a mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide, or sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium hydroxide. Mixed solution, mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, mixed solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate , At least one of a mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium tetraborate, a mixed solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium tetraborate, and a mixed solution of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and citric acid. A method for treating organic waste, which is characterized by being used.
法において、前記ｐＨ緩衝剤はリン酸二水素カリウムと
水酸化ナトリウムとの混合粉体或いはこれらの水和物の
混合粉体、リン酸二水素ナトリウムと水酸化カリウムと
の混合粉体或いはこれらの水和物の混合粉体、リン酸二
水素カリウムとリン酸水素二ナトリウムとの混合粉体或
いはこれらの水和物の混合粉体、リン酸二水素ナトリウ
ムとリン酸水素二カリウムとの混合粉体或いはこれらの
水和物の混合粉体、リン酸二水素カリウムとリン酸水素
二カリウムとの混合粉体或いはこれらの水和物の混合粉
体、リン酸二水素カリウムと四ホウ酸ナトリウムとの混
合粉体或いはこれらの水和物の混合粉体、リン酸二水素
ナトリウムと四ホウ酸カリウムとの混合粉体或いはこれ
らの水和物の混合粉体、リン酸水素二カリウムとクエン
酸との混合粉体或いはこれらの水和物の混合粉体のうち
の少なくとも１種を用いることを特徴とする有機性廃棄
物の処理方法。6. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 4, wherein the pH buffering agent is a mixed powder of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide or a mixed powder of hydrates thereof. Mixed powder of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium hydroxide or mixed powder of these hydrates, mixed powder of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate or mixed powder of these hydrates Powder, mixed powder of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or mixed powder of hydrates thereof, mixed powder of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or hydration thereof Mixed powder of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium tetraborate or mixed powder of their hydrates, mixed powder of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium tetraborate or these Hydrated mixed powder A method for treating organic waste, which comprises using at least one of a powdery body, a mixed powder of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and citric acid, or a mixed powder of a hydrate thereof.
法において、ｐＨ緩衝剤を添加し或いはｐＨ緩衝剤と酸
を添加することで生物反応をｐＨ５．８〜ｐＨ８．４の
範囲で行うことを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。7. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein a biological reaction is carried out in the range of pH 5.8 to pH 8.4 by adding a pH buffer or an acid with a pH buffer. A method for treating organic waste, which is characterized by carrying out.
法において、有機性廃棄物中の水分の蒸発面積を大きく
する水分蒸発助長材を有機性廃棄物に混ぜて処理を行う
ようにしたことを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。8. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste is treated by mixing a moisture evaporation promoting material for increasing the evaporation area of water in the organic waste. A method for treating organic waste, characterized in that
有機性廃棄物が持込んだ微生物群によって分解処理する
方法において、有機性廃棄物中の水分の蒸発面積を大き
くする水分蒸発助長材を有機性廃棄物に混ぜて処理を行
うとともに、前記水分蒸発助長材にｐＨ緩衝機能をもた
せたことを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。9. A method for decomposing the organic waste by a microorganism group culturing the organic waste or a microorganism group brought in by the organic waste, wherein a water evaporation promoting material for increasing the evaporation area of water in the organic waste is used. A method of treating organic waste, characterized in that the treatment is performed by mixing with organic waste and the water vaporization promoting material is provided with a pH buffering function.
方法において、前記水分蒸発助長材は多孔体であること
を特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。10. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 9, wherein the water vaporization promoting material is a porous body.
理方法において、前記多孔体とｐＨ緩衝剤との混合物
に、更にウジ・ハエ等の害虫を駆除する能力を有する薬
剤を添加したことを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方
法。11. The method of treating organic waste according to claim 10, wherein a chemical having the ability of controlling harmful insects such as maggots and flies is added to the mixture of the porous body and the pH buffer. A method for treating organic waste, comprising:
理方法において、前記薬剤はピレスロイド系、ロテノイ
ド系、尿素誘導体、有機リン系の薬剤を用いることを特
徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。12. The method of treating organic waste according to claim 11, wherein the chemical agent is a pyrethroid-based, rotenoid-based, urea derivative, or organophosphorus-based agent. Method.
しめる生物反応室と、この生物反応室に有機性廃棄物を
投入する投入口と、生物反応室にｐＨ緩衝剤を供給する
ｐＨ調整部とを備え、前記生物反応室内には有機性廃棄
物中の水分の蒸発面積を大きくする水分蒸発助長材が充
填されていることを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理装
置。13. A bioreaction chamber for decomposing organic waste by microorganisms, an input port for introducing organic waste into the bioreaction chamber, and a pH adjusting unit for supplying a pH buffer to the bioreaction chamber. An apparatus for treating organic waste, characterized in that the biological reaction chamber is filled with a water evaporation promoting material for increasing an evaporation area of water in the organic waste.
理装置において、前記生物反応室には攪拌装置が設けら
れていることを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理装置。14. The apparatus for treating organic waste according to claim 13, wherein the biological reaction chamber is provided with a stirrer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP756395A JPH0826874A (en) | 1994-05-06 | 1995-01-20 | Method for treating organic waste matter and treating apparatus therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9440494 | 1994-05-06 | ||
| JP6-94404 | 1994-05-06 | ||
| JP756395A JPH0826874A (en) | 1994-05-06 | 1995-01-20 | Method for treating organic waste matter and treating apparatus therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0826874A true JPH0826874A (en) | 1996-01-30 |
Family
ID=26341885
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP756395A Pending JPH0826874A (en) | 1994-05-06 | 1995-01-20 | Method for treating organic waste matter and treating apparatus therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0826874A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100489177B1 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2005-05-17 | 최병권 | amalgamation fermentation Management system of useless organic matter and its driving method |
-
1995
- 1995-01-20 JP JP756395A patent/JPH0826874A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100489177B1 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2005-05-17 | 최병권 | amalgamation fermentation Management system of useless organic matter and its driving method |
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