JPH0822440B2 - Sewage purification treatment method - Google Patents
Sewage purification treatment methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0822440B2 JPH0822440B2 JP3035059A JP3505991A JPH0822440B2 JP H0822440 B2 JPH0822440 B2 JP H0822440B2 JP 3035059 A JP3035059 A JP 3035059A JP 3505991 A JP3505991 A JP 3505991A JP H0822440 B2 JPH0822440 B2 JP H0822440B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- filtration
- fixed bed
- packed
- bed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、下水、し尿、各種産業
排水及び有機物で汚染された上水処理用原水などの任意
の汚水を極めて合理的かつ高速に浄化処理する新規な処
理方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel treatment method for purifying any sewage such as sewage, night soil, various industrial effluents and raw water for treatment of clean water contaminated with organic substances at an extremely rational and high speed. Is.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来より、ポリウレタンフォーム等のス
ポンジ状弾性多孔性粒状固体を生物付着担体とした利用
する、いわゆる「スポンジ活性汚泥法」という生物処理
法が公知である、（「ウレタンフォームを用いた流動床
型生物膜処理」用水と廃水誌、１３２巻５号３９１〜３
９８頁 １９９２年）2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a so-called "sponge activated sludge method", a biological treatment method in which a sponge-like elastic porous granular solid such as polyurethane foam is used as a bio-adhesive carrier. "Fluidized bed biofilm treatment" for water and wastewater magazine, Vol. 132, No. 5, 391-3
98 pages 1992)
【０００３】この「スポンジ活性汚泥法」という技術は
曝気槽内にスポンジ粒状物を多数投入し、エアレーショ
ンによってスポンジ粒状物を流動させながらスポンジ粒
状物に付着した生物膜によって、原水ＢＯＤを除去す
る。原水ＳＳと増殖微生物によるＳＳはエアレーション
タンクから流出してくるので、これを沈澱分離するとい
う技術である。The technique called "sponge activated sludge method" puts a large number of sponge granules into an aeration tank and removes the raw water BOD by a biofilm attached to the sponge granules while flowing the sponge granules by aeration. Since the raw water SS and the SS from the proliferating microorganisms flow out from the aeration tank, this is a technique of separating them by sedimentation.
【０００４】即ち、「スポンジ活性汚泥法」は、従来周
知の砂や粒状活性炭を生物付着媒体とする流動媒体生物
処理法に属し、砂や粒状活性炭の代わりに、軽くて流動
し易いスポンジ粒状物を使用したものに過ぎない。That is, the "sponge activated sludge method" belongs to a fluid medium biological treatment method in which conventionally known sand or granular activated carbon is used as a bio-adhesive medium. Instead of sand or granular activated carbon, a sponge granular material which is light and easy to flow is used. It's just using.
【０００５】本発明者の追試実験によれば、「スポンジ
活性汚泥法」は次のような大きい欠点があり、理想的方
法とは全然言えないことが明らかとなった。 スポンジ粒状物を常に流動させながら生物処理する
ため、スポンジ粒状物同志のコスリ合い、壁との衝突に
よるスポンジの磨耗が激しく、コストの高いスポンジ粒
状物の交換が頻繁に必要になる。 新しいスポンジを投入すると、曝気槽の水面上に浮
上してしまうため、エアレーションによって流動させる
ことが難しい。 スポンジが流動状態にある、エアレーションタンク
からの流出水に含まれているＳＳは、沈降性が必ずしも
良くないので、沈澱装置の所要面積を小さくできず、し
かも沈澱処理水へ、ＳＳがキャリオーバーし易い。 スポンジ粒状物を常に流動させた状態で運転するの
で、スポンジに付着できる生物量が高くない。なぜな
ら、スポンジ同志の衝突によって、スポンジ表面の生物
膜がはがれてしまうからである。従って、期待した程高
いＢＯＤ負荷を採ることができない。According to the additional experiment conducted by the present inventor, it became clear that the "sponge activated sludge method" has the following major drawbacks and cannot be said to be an ideal method at all. Since the sponge granules are biologically treated while always flowing, the sponge granules are often worn out and the sponge is abraded due to collision with the wall, and it is necessary to frequently replace the sponge granules at high cost. When a new sponge is added, it floats above the water surface of the aeration tank, making it difficult to flow by aeration. The SS contained in the outflow water from the aeration tank, in which the sponge is in a fluid state, does not have a good settling property, so the required area of the precipitation device cannot be reduced, and SS does not carry over to the precipitation-treated water. easy. Since the sponge granules are always operated in a fluidized state, the amount of organisms that can adhere to the sponge is not high. This is because the biofilm on the sponge surface is peeled off due to the collision between the sponges. Therefore, the BOD load as high as expected cannot be taken.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、前記の従来
技術のもつ問題点（〜）を完全に解決して、高速に
汚水の浄化処理ができる、新技術を確立することを課題
とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to completely solve the above-mentioned problems (-) of the prior art and to establish a new technology capable of high-speed purification of wastewater. .
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題は、汚水を、微
生物が担持される弾性多孔性粒状固体の充填固定層に供
給し、酸素含有気体と接触させて生物処理しつつ、該充
填固定層に供給する酸素含有気体の量を間欠的に増加せ
しめ、該充填固定層からの流出水を、任意の濾材による
濾過層に供給し、かつ該濾過層の濾速を前記該充填固定
層の濾速より大となるように処理することを特徴とする
汚水の浄化処理方法によって達成することができる。Means for Solving the Problems The above-mentioned problem is to supply sewage to a packed and fixed bed of elastic porous granular solids on which microorganisms are carried, and to bring it into contact with an oxygen-containing gas for biological treatment while carrying out the packed and fixed bed. The amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the filter is intermittently increased, the outflow water from the packed fixed bed is supplied to the filter bed by an arbitrary filter medium, and the filtering speed of the filter bed is adjusted by the filtration of the packed fixed bed. It can be achieved by a method for purifying sewage, which is characterized in that the treatment is performed so as to be greater than the speed.
【０００８】ここで、前記充填固定層に原水を供給する
場合、充填固定層内を下向流で流過するように供給する
ことが好ましく、また充填固定層からの流出水を、濾過
層に下向流で流過するように供給することが好ましい。When the raw water is supplied to the packed fixed bed, it is preferable that the raw water is supplied so as to flow downward in the packed fixed bed, and the water discharged from the packed fixed bed is supplied to the filter bed. It is preferable to supply so as to flow in a downward flow.
【０００９】さらに、上記濾過層を構成する濾材を弾性
多孔性粒状固体とすることが本発明の課題の達成のため
に特に好ましい。Further, it is particularly preferable that the filter medium constituting the above-mentioned filter layer is an elastic porous granular solid in order to achieve the object of the present invention.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】以下に本発明の構成の作用を図１を参照しつつ
説明する。なお、ここで原水とは、下水、し尿、各種産
業排水及び有機物で汚染された上水などの任意の汚水か
らなる、処理槽に供給されて処理をうける汚水の一般的
呼称である。The operation of the structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. Here, the raw water is a general term for sewage supplied to a treatment tank and treated, including sewage, human waste, various industrial effluents, and tap water contaminated with organic substances.
【００１１】処理槽１は生物濾過装置（生物濾床と呼ぶ
こともある）であり、装置の内部ににポリウレタンフォ
ーム等の弾性多孔性粒状固体の充填固定層Ａが形成され
ている。The treatment tank 1 is a biological filtration device (sometimes referred to as a biological filtration bed), and a packed fixed layer A of elastic porous granular solid such as polyurethane foam is formed inside the device.
【００１２】充填固定層Ａの下部には、空気等の酸素含
有気体１２を供給する散気装置２が設けられ、気泡が弾
性多孔体の充填固定層Ａ内に上昇進入してゆく。An air diffuser 2 for supplying an oxygen-containing gas 12 such as air is provided below the packed fixed bed A, and bubbles rise and enter the packed fixed bed A of the elastic porous body.
【００１３】下水等のＢＯＤを含む原水３は、充填固定
層Ａの上部から供給され、下向流で充填固定層Ａ内を流
下し、溶解性ＢＯＤが除去された生物処理水４が流出す
る。 （負荷を調整すれば、アンモニア性窒素の硝化をおこす
こともできる。）ここで、生物処理水４は請求項１に記
載の流出水と同意である。Raw water 3 containing BOD such as sewage is supplied from the upper part of the packed fixed bed A, flows down in the packed fixed bed A in a downward flow, and the biologically treated water 4 from which the soluble BOD is removed flows out. . (If the load is adjusted, nitrification of ammonia nitrogen can be performed.) Here, the biologically treated water 4 is synonymous with the effluent according to claim 1.
【００１４】充填固定層Ａを構成する弾性多孔体粒状固
体の内部と表面には、微生物が高濃度に保持されてお
り、原水３中の溶解性ＢＯＤが効率良く除去され原水３
中にＳＳが含まれている場合にはＳＳも濾過除去され
る。Microorganisms are retained at a high concentration inside and on the surface of the elastic porous granular solid that constitutes the packed and fixed bed A, and the soluble BOD in the raw water 3 is efficiently removed and the raw water 3
When SS is contained therein, SS is also removed by filtration.
【００１５】充填固定層Ａは支持床５（網や多孔板等で
構成される）で支持されており、処理槽１の上部には充
填固定層Ａの上に空間をもって弾性多孔性粒状固体の浮
上を阻止するための通水部材６（網等で構成される）が
張設されている。The packed fixed bed A is supported by a support bed 5 (composed of a net, a perforated plate, etc.), and a space above the packed fixed bed A in the upper part of the processing tank 1 is formed of an elastic porous granular solid. A water-passing member 6 (composed of a net or the like) is stretched to prevent floating.
【００１６】レベルＣは処理槽１の運転時の水位であ
り、弾性多孔体をレベルＣよりも上まで積層しておくこ
とによって、水を吸った弾性多孔体の自重により、充填
固定層Ａの浮上を防ぐことができる。Level C is the water level when the treatment tank 1 is in operation, and by stacking the elastic porous body above the level C, the self-weight of the elastic porous body that has absorbed water causes the packed and fixed layer A of the filling and fixing layer A to be absorbed. It is possible to prevent levitation.
【００１７】しかして、充填固定層Ａから流出する生物
処理水４中のＳＳを高度に除去するため生物処理水４を
ポリウレタンフォーム等の弾性多孔性粒状固体等の濾材
を充填した濾過層Ｂに下向流で供給し、ＳＳを濾過除去
する。かくしてＳＳとＢＯＤが高度に除去された清澄処
理水１４が得られる。Thus, in order to highly remove SS in the biologically treated water 4 flowing out from the packed fixed bed A, the biologically treated water 4 is applied to the filtration layer B filled with a filter material such as an elastic porous granular solid such as polyurethane foam. Feed in downflow and filter off SS. Hidden clarified treated water 14 that SS and BOD is highly removed can be obtained.
【００１８】本発明の重要な概念の一つは充填固定層Ａ
の濾過速度ＬＶA （ｍ／日）、濾過層Ｂの濾過速度をＬ
ＶB （ｍ／日）とするとき、ＬＶA ＜ＬＶB の条件を満
たすように濾過工程Ｂの濾過速度を決定することであ
る。One of the important concepts of the present invention is the packed fixed bed A.
Filtration rate LV A (m / day), the filtration rate of the filter layer B L of
When V B (m / day) is set, the filtration rate in the filtration step B is determined so that the condition of LV A <LV B is satisfied.
【００１９】このような条件設定をすることにより、後
記する重要な効果が得られる。しかして、充填固定層Ａ
の運転を続けるにつれて、充填固定層Ａ内の捕捉ＳＳ量
と生物保持量が増加してくるために、濾過抵抗が増加し
てくる。この濾過抵抗の増加は処理槽１内の水位の上昇
となってあらわれる。この際に散気空気量を一時的に増
加し、充填固定層Ａ内に強い気泡の上昇流を与えると、
処理槽１内の充填固定層Ａ内に捕捉されていたＳＳが原
水３の下向流に伴われて、生物処理水４に一時的に流出
してくる。By setting the conditions as described above, the following important effects can be obtained. Then, the packed fixed bed A
As the operation of No. 1 is continued, the amount of trapped SS in the packed fixed bed A and the amount of organisms retained increase, and thus the filtration resistance increases. This increase in filtration resistance appears as an increase in the water level in the treatment tank 1. At this time, if the amount of air diffused is temporarily increased to give a strong upward flow of bubbles in the packed fixed bed A,
The SS trapped in the fixed packed bed A in the treatment tank 1 is accompanied by the downward flow of the raw water 3 and temporarily flows out to the biologically treated water 4.
【００２０】この状態の生物処理水４を濾過工程である
濾過層Ｂに供給してＳＳを濾過除去し、清澄な処理水１
４を得る。ここで重要なことは、空気１２を一時的に増
加させる時期、増加させる空気１２の量（空気量を増加
している時間）及び空気１２を一時的に増加させる時期
の間隔を適切に設定することによって、生物処理水４中
にあまり高濃度のＳＳを急激に流出させないようにする
ことである。The biologically treated water 4 in this state is supplied to the filtration layer B which is a filtration step to remove SS by filtration to obtain a clear treated water 1
Get 4. Here, what is important is to appropriately set the time when the air 12 is temporarily increased, the amount of the air 12 to be increased (the time when the air amount is increasing), and the interval between the time when the air 12 is temporarily increased. This is to prevent SS having a high concentration from flowing out into the biologically treated water 4 rapidly.
【００２１】例えば、一日一回、空気を多量に増加させ
て、充填固定層Ａ内に捕捉されていたＳＳを洗い出すよ
うな方法では、生物処理水１７中に数１０００ミリグラ
ム／リットルに及ぶ高濃度のＳＳが流出し、濾過工程Ｂ
に著しい負担を与えてしまう。従って、一乃至三時間程
度に一回、一乃至四分間程度の時間の間空気１２を増加
させるようにすると、生物処理水１７中に高濃度のＳＳ
が流出してこないので、（精々数１００ミリグラム／リ
ットル以下におさまる）濾過工程Ｂの負担が軽くなり良
好な濾過を行うことができる。[0021] For example, in the method of increasing the amount of air once a day to wash out the SS trapped in the packed fixed bed A, the biologically treated water 17 has a high concentration of several thousand milligrams / liter. Concentration SS flows out, filtration step B
Will be extremely burdensome. Therefore, if the air 12 is increased once for about 1 to 3 hours for about 1 to 4 minutes, a high concentration of SS in the biologically treated water 17 is obtained.
Does not flow out, the load of the filtration step B (which can be kept at a few hundreds of milligrams / liter or less) is lightened, and good filtration can be performed.
【００２２】即ち、一時的に多量のＳＳを充填固定層Ａ
から洗い出すのではなくて、小刻みに充填固定層Ａ内に
捕捉されていたＳＳを洗い出すような運転を行うことに
より、充填固定層Ａ内の生物保持量と捕捉ＳＳ量を適正
な値に維持することが可能となり、処理槽１内の水位が
過度に増加して原水３の供給が不可能になるという欠点
がなくなる。しかして、濾過層Ｂの濾過抵抗は、濾過開
始後、ある時間が経過すると、設定限界（通常１〜２ｍ
Ｈ2 Ｏ）に達するので、生物処理水４の供給を止め、洗
浄水８と空気洗浄用空気１３とにより、濾過層Ｂを洗浄
する。この時生じる洗浄排水１０は沈澱等の手段で排水
からＳＳを分離する。ここで濾過層Ｂの洗浄時の濾材流
出防止のために濾過槽の上部には通水部材７が張設して
ある。That is, a large amount of SS is temporarily filled in the fixed bed A.
The amount of organisms retained and the amount of trapped SS in the packed fixed bed A are maintained at appropriate values by performing an operation such that the SS trapped in the packed fixed bed A is not washed out, but is washed out in small increments. This makes it possible to eliminate the drawback that the water level in the treatment tank 1 excessively increases and the raw water 3 cannot be supplied. Then, the filtration resistance of the filtration layer B is a set limit (usually 1 to 2 m after a certain time has passed after the start of filtration).
H 2 O), the supply of the biologically treated water 4 is stopped, and the filtration layer B is washed with the washing water 8 and the air for air washing 13. The washing waste water 10 generated at this time separates SS from the waste water by means such as precipitation. Here, in order to prevent the filter medium from flowing out when the filtration layer B is washed, a water passage member 7 is stretched above the filtration tank.
【００２３】他の好適な実施例としては、リン酸イオ
ン、ＣＯＤ、色度の除去が要求されるケースに、生物処
理水１４に対し、硫酸アルミ等の無機凝集剤１１を添加
する方法が清澄処理水１４を得るのに推奨できる。As another preferred embodiment, in the case where removal of phosphate ion, COD and chromaticity is required, a method of adding an inorganic coagulant 11 such as aluminum sulfate to biologically treated water 14 is clarified. Recommended to obtain treated water 14.
【００２４】また極めて高度のＳＳ除去が要求される場
合は、濾過層Ｂの弾性多孔体の下部にさらに、砂、アン
スラサイト等の細かい粒状濾材の濾過層を設けることも
できる。When a very high degree of SS removal is required, a filter layer of fine granular filter material such as sand or anthracite can be further provided below the elastic porous body of the filter layer B.
【００２５】このような構成にすることにより、濾過工
程で捕捉できるＳＳの量が多いという条件を満たしなが
ら、同時に濾過層Ｂから流出する処理水のＳＳを少なく
することができる。With such a structure, it is possible to reduce the SS of treated water flowing out from the filtration layer B at the same time while satisfying the condition that the amount of SS that can be captured in the filtration step is large.
【００２６】また、本発明において、生物処理槽１を弾
性多孔性粒状固体により充填固定層Ａを形成することは
重要であり、従来の好気性生物濾床で使用するような粒
状鉱物（アンスラサイト、抗火石、粒状セラミック、シ
ャモット）により充填固定層Ａを構成する方法では本発
明の効果は得られない。Further, in the present invention, it is important to form the packed and fixed bed A of the biological treatment tank 1 with the elastic porous granular solid, and the granular mineral (anthracite) as used in the conventional aerobic biological filter bed is used. The effect of the present invention cannot be obtained by the method of forming the packed fixed bed A by using anti-fire stone, granular ceramic, chamotte).
【００２７】なぜなら、このような粒状鉱物は粒状物の
表面にしか微生物を保持できないこと、及び微生物を保
持する保持力が弱いため、空気１２を一時的に増加させ
た時微生物が多量に生物処理水に流出してしまうため、
生物処理槽１内の生物反応の進行が大幅に劣化してしま
うからである。Because such a granular mineral can hold the microorganisms only on the surface of the granular material and has a weak holding force for holding the microorganisms, when the air 12 is temporarily increased, a large amount of the microorganisms are biologically treated. Because it leaks into the water,
This is because the progress of biological reaction in the biological treatment tank 1 is significantly deteriorated.
【００２８】これに対し、本発明の弾性多孔性粒状固体
により充填固定層Ａを構成した場合には、粒状固体内部
に微生物を固定化できるため、空気１２の一時的増加の
際にも内部に保持されて流出してこないので、常に適切
な量の微生物を生物処理系内に保持でき、過度に微生物
が流れ出ないという重要な特徴がある。On the other hand, in the case where the packed and fixed layer A is composed of the elastic porous granular solid of the present invention, microorganisms can be immobilized inside the granular solid, so that even when the air 12 is temporarily increased, Since it is retained and does not flow out, an important feature is that an appropriate amount of microorganisms can be retained in the biological treatment system at all times and the microorganisms do not flow out excessively.
【００２９】また、充填固定層Ａへの原水の供給方法
は、上向流よりも下向流のほうが好適である。なぜな
ら、上向流では、充填固定層Ａの下部が原水中のＳＳや
異物によって閉塞を起こしやすく、しかも閉塞したＳＳ
と異物を空気１２によって洗い出しにくいからである。Further, as a method of supplying the raw water to the packed fixed bed A, the downward flow is more preferable than the upward flow. Because, in the upward flow, the lower part of the packed fixed bed A is apt to be clogged by SS in the raw water or foreign matter, and the clogged SS is also blocked.
This is because it is difficult to wash out foreign matter with the air 12.
【００３０】さらに、上向流で原水を通水すると、充填
固定層Ａが軽く浮上し易いため、上向流によって充填固
定層Ａが網等の通水部材６の下面に押しつけられて、圧
縮を起こし、濾過抵抗が、下向流で原水を供給する場合
より増加し易くなるという欠点がある。（上向流ではい
けないという意味ではない。）Further, when the raw water is passed through in the upward flow, the packed fixed bed A is lightly and easily floated up. Therefore, the packed fixed bed A is pressed against the lower surface of the water-permeable member 6 such as a net by the upward flow and compressed. Therefore, there is a drawback in that the filtration resistance is more likely to be increased than in the case where the raw water is supplied in the downward flow. (It doesn't mean that it shouldn't be upward flow.)
【００３１】次に、本発明の重要概念である、充填固定
層Ａの濾過速度ＬＶA （ｍ／日）、と濾過層Ｂの濾過速
度をＬＶB （ｍ／日）の条件設定、即ち、ＬＶA ＜ＬＶ
B とする意義について説明する。Next, it is important concept of the present invention, the filtration rate LV A (m / day) of the filling fixing layer A, and the filtration rate of the filter layer B LV B (m / day) setting conditions, i.e., LV A <LV
Explain the meaning of B.
【００３２】図１の供給空気を間欠的に増加させず、常
に一定量供給しておけば、充填固定層Ａ内において、Ｓ
Ｓを濾過する濾過作用は充分進行し、生物処理水４は清
澄となり、そのまま放流することができ、濾過層Ｂを設
ける必要はなくなるので、一見合理的な方法のように見
える。If the supply air shown in FIG. 1 is not increased intermittently and is constantly supplied in a fixed amount, S in the packed fixed bed A will be S.
The filtration action for filtering S progresses sufficiently, the biologically treated water 4 becomes clear and can be discharged as it is, and it is not necessary to provide the filtration layer B, so it seems to be a rational method at first glance.
【００３３】しかしながら、このような方法を採ると、
充填固定層Ａ内に多量のＳＳが捕捉され微生物の増殖量
も多くなるので、空気による洗浄だけでは充填固定層Ａ
を充分洗浄することが困難になり、多量の清澄水を使っ
た水逆洗が必要になる。この結果必然的に多量の洗浄排
水が発生し、その処分が問題になるという重大な欠点を
生ずる。However, if such a method is adopted,
Since a large amount of SS is captured in the packed fixed bed A and the amount of growth of microorganisms also increases, the packed fixed bed A can be simply washed with air.
It becomes difficult to sufficiently wash the water, and back washing with a large amount of clear water becomes necessary. As a result, a large amount of cleaning drainage is inevitably generated, and the disposal thereof becomes a serious problem.
【００３４】その上に、上記方法を採用すると、生物処
理水４がそのまま放流されることになるので、充填固定
層Ａを水と空気で逆洗した後、清澄水によって充填固定
層Ａ内を充分置換する必要がある。さもないと、生物処
理を再開したあと、数時間以上ＳＳを多量に含んだ生物
処理水が充填固定層Ａから流出してきてしまうので、放
流できなくなるからである。Further, when the above method is adopted, the biologically treated water 4 is discharged as it is. Therefore, after backwashing the packed fixed bed A with water and air, the inside of the packed fixed bed A is clarified with clear water. It is necessary to replace it sufficiently. Otherwise, after restarting the biological treatment, the biologically treated water containing a large amount of SS for several hours or more will flow out from the packed fixed bed A, so that it cannot be discharged.
【００３５】しかるに、本発明では充填固定層Ａによる
生物濾床処理を行いながら小刻みに空気洗浄を行うこと
によって、少しずつ充填固定層Ａ内のＳＳ流出させ、こ
の流出ＳＳを後続する濾過層Ｂで高速濾過するので充填
固定層Ａを水で逆洗する必要がなく、洗浄排水も発生し
ない。However, according to the present invention, the biological filter bed treatment with the packed fixed bed A is carried out while the air is washed in small steps, so that the SS in the packed fixed bed A is gradually discharged, and this outflow SS is passed to the succeeding filter bed B. Since it is subjected to high-speed filtration with, it is not necessary to backwash the packed fixed layer A with water, and washing drainage is not generated.
【００３６】濾過層Ｂからは洗浄排水１０が発生する
が、ＬＶA ＜ＬＶB の条件で運転するため洗浄排水１０
の発生量が少なくなるという重要な利点がある。すなわ
ち、濾過層の容積をＶM とすると、一回の洗浄排水量Ｑ
w はＱw ＝αＶM （αは定数）の関係があり、一方濾過
層の断面積をＳ、充填層厚みをｈとすると、ＶM ＝Ｓ
ｈ、濾速をＬＶとすると、ＬＶ＝Ｑ／Ｓ（Ｑは原水流
量）の関係があるので、Ｑw ＝α・Ｑ・ｈ／ＬＶとなり
洗浄排水発生量は濾過速度に反比例する。Although the cleaning drainage 10 is generated from the filtration layer B, the cleaning drainage 10 is required because the operation is performed under the condition of LV A <LV B.
There is an important advantage that the generation amount of That is, assuming that the volume of the filtration layer is V M , the volume of washing wastewater Q
w has a relationship of Q w = αV M (α is a constant), where V M = S, where S is the cross-sectional area of the filtration layer and h is the packed bed thickness.
h, when the an LV filtration rate, because LV = Q / S (Q raw water flow rate) is related to, Q w = α · Q · h / LV next cleaning waste water generation amount is inversely proportional to the filtration rate.
【００３７】次に、濾過層Ｂに弾性多孔性粒状固体を使
用する場合の生物処理水４の供給方法としては、上向流
よりも下向流のほうが好適である。本発明者の実験によ
れば、弾性多孔性粒状固体を充填固定層Ａに上向流で生
物処理水を供給すると、弾性多孔性粒状固体が軽量であ
るため、浮上してしまう。浮上を防ぐため、図２のよう
に充填固定層Ａの上部に接して網等の通水部材を張設す
ると、濾層を逆洗する時に濾材が浮上防止のための通水
部材に押しつけられ、圧縮されてしまうために濾材中か
らＳＳが洗い出され難くなり、洗浄がうまく行えなくな
るという問題が発生する。Next, when the elastic porous granular solid is used for the filtration layer B, the downward flow is more preferable than the upward flow as the method for supplying the biologically treated water 4. According to an experiment by the present inventor, when the biologically treated water is supplied to the packed fixed bed A by the upward flow, the elastic porous granular solid floats because it is lightweight. In order to prevent floating, if a water-permeable member such as a net is stretched in contact with the upper part of the fixed packing layer A as shown in FIG. 2, the filter medium is pressed against the water-permeable member for preventing floating when backwashing the filter layer. However, since SS is compressed, it becomes difficult to wash out SS from the filter medium, which causes a problem that cleaning cannot be performed well.
【００３８】[0038]
【実施例】社宅団地から排出される下水を対象にして、
本発明の実証試験を行った。本実験は図１の装置模式図
中に示されたフローに従って行われた。実験の条件を以
下に示す。 １：弾性多孔性粒状固体の充填固定層を用いた下向流好
気性生物濾床 Ａ １）処理槽 ：直径１５０ｍｍφ 高さ２．５ｍ 充填
層厚み ２．０ｍ ２）濾速 ： １００ｍ／日 ３）供給空気量： 定常時；下水１ｍ3 当たり２．５Ｎ
ｍ3ａｉｒ 空気増加時；下水１ｍ3 当たり３０Ｎｍ3 ａｉｒ ４）空気増加サイクル ： １時間毎に２分間空気増加 ２：弾性多孔性粒状の濾過層Ｂ（下向流） １）濾速 ： ５００ｍ／日 （カラム直径６７ｍ
ｍφ） ２）充填層 ： ２ｍ ３）洗浄間隔 ： ２４時間に１回、水と空気で逆洗 ３：弾性多孔体の物性 粒径 ： １０×１０×１０ｍｍの立方体 材質 ： ポリウレタン セル数＊： ５〜６個／１ｃｍ（＊１ｃｍ当たりの穴の
数） 穴径 ： １．５〜２ｍｍ （連続気泡） ４：原水水質 ＳＳ ： １０６〜１８３ミリグラム／リットル ＢＯＤ ： １２０〜２３０ミリグラム／リットル 水温 ： １６〜 １８℃ ｐＨ ： ７．１〜７．２[Example] Targeting the sewage discharged from the company housing complex,
A verification test of the present invention was conducted. This experiment was performed according to the flow shown in the schematic diagram of the apparatus in FIG. The experimental conditions are shown below. 1: Downflow aerobic biological filter bed using packed fixed bed of elastic porous granular solid A 1) Treatment tank: Diameter 150 mm φ Height 2.5 m Packed bed thickness 2.0 m 2) Filtration speed: 100 m / day 3 ) supply air volume: steady; sewage 1 m 3 per 2.5N
m 3 air When increasing air; 30 Nm 3 air per 1 m 3 of sewage 4) Air increasing cycle: Air increasing for 2 minutes every hour 2: Elastic porous granular filter bed B (downflow) 1) Filtering speed: 500 m / Day (column diameter 67m
mφ) 2) Packed layer: 2 m 3) Washing interval: Backwashing once every 24 hours with water and air 3: Physical properties of elastic porous body Particle size: 10 × 10 × 10 mm cube Material: Polyurethane cell number *: 5 ~ 6 pieces / 1 cm (* Number of holes per 1 cm) Hole diameter: 1.5 to 2 mm (open cells) 4: Raw water quality SS: 106 to 183 mg / liter BOD: 120 to 230 mg / liter Water temperature: 16 to 18 ° C. pH: 7.1 to 7.2
【００３９】この条件で２週間、生物の馴致を行い、生
物濾床Ａのポリウレタン濾材への微生物の固定化が充分
進んだことを確認した後、水分分析を毎日一回３ヶ月間
続けた結果、濾過層Ｂからの処理水質は次の通り非常に
良好であった。 処理水水質 ｐＨ ： ６．８〜７．０ ＳＳ ： ４〜８ ミリグラム／リットル ＢＯＤ ： ５〜７ ミリグラム／リットルThe organisms were allowed to acclimate for 2 weeks under these conditions, and it was confirmed that the microorganisms were sufficiently immobilized on the polyurethane filter medium of the biological filter bed A, and then the moisture analysis was conducted once a day for 3 months. The quality of treated water from the filtration layer B was very good as follows. Water quality of treated water pH: 6.8 to 7.0 SS: 4 to 8 mg / liter BOD: 5 to 7 mg / liter
【００４０】濾過槽Ｂの濾過抵抗の増加は非常に少な
く、ＬＶ＝５００ｍ／日という高速濾過にもかかわら
ず、２４時間後の濾過抵抗水位は２６０〜２７０ｍｍＨ
2 Ｏに過ぎず、まだ余裕があった。（設定限界濾過抵抗
１０００ｍｍＨ2 Ｏ）The increase in the filtration resistance of the filtration tank B is very small, and despite the high-speed filtration of LV = 500 m / day, the filtration resistance water level after 24 hours is 260 to 270 mmH.
It was only 2 O, and there was still room. (Set limit filtration resistance 1000 mmH 2 O)
【００４１】また、生物濾床Ａを、前記の空気増加条件
で運転したところ、生物濾床濾過抵抗は５０〜１００ｍ
ｍＨ2 Ｏの範囲に維持され、水による逆洗は不要である
ことが確認された。When the biological filter bed A was operated under the above-mentioned increased air conditions, the biological filter bed filtration resistance was 50 to 100 m.
It was confirmed that it was maintained in the range of mH 2 O and that backwashing with water was unnecessary.
【００４２】洗浄排水は、濾過槽Ｂのみから排出される
が、その発生量は処理した下水１立方メートル当たり１
２〜１５リットルと極めて少量であった。比較のため
に、生物濾床Ａから常に清澄な処理水を得るようにし
て、濾過槽Ｂを削除して、運転を行ったところ、生物濾
床Ａを一日一回水と空気で洗浄する必要が生じ、その洗
浄排水発生量は処理した下水１立方メートル当たり１４
０〜１６０リットルと非常に多量となった。The washing wastewater is discharged only from the filtration tank B, and the generated amount is 1 per cubic meter of treated sewage.
It was an extremely small amount of 2 to 15 liters. For comparison, when the filter tank B was removed and operation was performed by always obtaining clear treated water from the biological filter bed A, the biological filter bed A was washed once with water and air once a day. The need arises, and the amount of cleaning wastewater generated is 14 per cubic meter of treated sewage.
It became a very large amount of 0 to 160 liters.
【００４３】[0043]
【発明の効果】以上詳述した本発明によれば、従来技術
の「スポンジ活性汚泥法」の持つ諸欠点を完全に解決す
ることができ、 本発明によって、次の効果が得られ
る。 スポンジ等の弾性多孔性粒状固体を処理槽内で流動
させずに、固定床状態で操作するので、弾性多孔性粒状
固体の磨耗が起きず、半永久的に使用できる。 弾性多孔性粒状固体を充填固定層として運転するの
で、微生物保持量をスポンジ活性汚泥法おけるよりも高
濃度に維持できる。従って、高いＢＯＤ負荷を採ること
ができる。これに対し、従来技術は、弾性多孔性粒状固
体を処理槽内で常に流動させるので、剪断力が弾性多孔
性粒状固体と微生物の間に強く作用し、微生物が粒状固
体から剥離されてしまうため、粒状固体の微生物保持量
が多くない。 生物処理槽の後に、沈澱槽を設ける必要がない。 濾過槽のＬＶB を生物濾床のＬＶA よりも大きな値
に設定して操作するので、処理系からの洗浄排水の発生
量が少ない。 濾過槽Ｂを弾性多孔性粒状固体による充填層にする
ことによって、極めて大きなＳＳ捕捉容量が得られる。According to the present invention described in detail above, various drawbacks of the conventional "sponge activated sludge method" can be completely solved, and the following effects can be obtained by the present invention. Since the elastic porous granular solid such as sponge is operated in a fixed bed state without flowing in the treatment tank, the elastic porous granular solid is not worn and can be used semipermanently. Since the elastic porous granular solid is operated as a packed fixed bed, the amount of microorganisms retained can be maintained at a higher concentration than in the sponge activated sludge method. Therefore, a high BOD load can be taken. On the other hand, in the conventional technique, since the elastic porous granular solid is constantly made to flow in the treatment tank, the shearing force acts strongly between the elastic porous granular solid and the microorganism, and the microorganism is separated from the granular solid. , The amount of microbial retention of granular solids is not high. It is not necessary to provide a precipitation tank after the biological treatment tank. Since the LV B of the filtration tank is set to a value larger than the LV A of the biological filter bed, the amount of washing waste water from the treatment system is small. An extremely large SS trapping capacity can be obtained by forming the packed bed of the elastic porous granular solid in the filter tank B.
【００４４】この結果、生物濾床の水による逆洗は不要
であり、洗浄排水は濾過槽から極めて少量発生するのみ
で、しかも高速ＬＶに設定しても濾過継続時間が長い。As a result, it is not necessary to backwash the biological filter bed with water, only a very small amount of cleaning wastewater is generated from the filtration tank, and the filtration duration is long even if the high speed LV is set.
【図１】充填固定層Ａと濾過層Ｂとから構成されている
汚水処理槽の模式図FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sewage treatment tank composed of a packed fixed bed A and a filtration bed B.
【図２】弾性多孔性粒状固体を充填した上向流式汚水処
理槽の模式図FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an upflow type sewage treatment tank filled with elastic porous solid particles.
１ 処理槽 ２ 散気装置 ３ 原水流入部 ４ 生物処理水流出部 ５ 支持床 ６ 通水部材 ７ 通水部材 ８ 洗浄用水供給部 １０ 洗浄排水流出部 １１ 凝集剤供給部 １２ 空気供給部 １３ 空気供給部 １４ 処理水流出部 Ａ 充填固定層 Ｂ 濾過槽 Ｃ 原水レベル 1 Treatment tank 2 Aeration device 3 Raw water inflow part 4 Biological treated water outflow part 5 Support floor 6 Water-passing member 7 Water-passing member 8 Cleaning water supply part 10 Washing drainage outflow part 11 Coagulant supply part 12 Air supply part 13 Air supply Part 14 Treated water outflow part A Packed fixed bed B Filtration tank C Raw water level
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｂ０１Ｄ 24/02 Ｃ０２Ｆ 3/06 3/10 Ａ ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location B01D 24/02 C02F 3/06 3/10 A
Claims (1)
粒状固体の充填固定層に供給し、酸素含有気体と接触さ
せて生物処理しつつ、該充填固定層に供給する酸素含有
気体の量を間欠的に増加せしめ、該充填固定層からの流
出水を、任意の濾材による濾過層に供給し、かつ該濾過
層の濾速を前記該充填固定層の濾速より大となるように
処理することを特徴とする汚水の浄化処理方法。1. An amount of an oxygen-containing gas supplied to a packed fixed bed of elastic porous granular solids on which microorganisms are supported, the sewage being supplied to the packed fixed bed while being contacted with the oxygen-containing gas for biological treatment. Is intermittently increased, the effluent water from the packed fixed bed is supplied to the filter bed by an arbitrary filter medium, and the filtration speed of the filtration bed is treated to be higher than the filtration speed of the packed fixed bed. A method for purifying sewage, which comprises:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3035059A JPH0822440B2 (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1991-02-06 | Sewage purification treatment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3035059A JPH0822440B2 (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1991-02-06 | Sewage purification treatment method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0596297A JPH0596297A (en) | 1993-04-20 |
| JPH0822440B2 true JPH0822440B2 (en) | 1996-03-06 |
Family
ID=12431458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3035059A Expired - Fee Related JPH0822440B2 (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1991-02-06 | Sewage purification treatment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0822440B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08173982A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-07-09 | Shin Nippon Koa Kk | Method for treating organic wastewater |
| JP5144715B2 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2013-02-13 | 株式会社アクア・プロジェクト | Circulating simple toilet |
-
1991
- 1991-02-06 JP JP3035059A patent/JPH0822440B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0596297A (en) | 1993-04-20 |
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