JPH0810503A - Extracting method of animal or plant extract by cell membrane freezing destruction - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiently produce a high purity extract by treating a tissue of an animal or a plant containing water at a specific temp. for a specific time sufficient for destructing the cell membrane, extracting an extract with a solvent, and next, removing the solvent from the extracted solution. CONSTITUTION:The tissue of animal or plant as it is or cutted into pieces of adequate size is treated at a sufficient temp for a necessary time for completely freezing the water in the tissue cell and destructing the cell wall. That is, the tissue, if necessary cutted into the pieces of 1-5mm size, is frozen at -15-(-25) deg.C until the raw materials are completely frozen. The time therefor is usually 48hr or above through it changes with the quality and quantity of the raw materials. Next, the frozen tissue is extracted with a hydrophilic solvent, preferably water or an alcoholic solvent, by a conventional method. For example, in the case of using a shucked oyster as the raw material, the shucked oyster is frozen at about -20 deg.C and is extracted with water as the extracting solvent at about 100 deg.C for 50-80min under stirring by heating with a jacket. Next, the extracted material is filtered, evacuated and condensed.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、凍結細胞膜破壊による
動植物エキスの抽出法に関する。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for extracting animal and plant extracts by disrupting frozen cell membranes.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来技術と発明が解決すべき課題】動植物由来のエキ
スは、医薬、食品添加物、健康食品および化粧品などの
成分として広く用いられている。従来、そのようなエキ
スの製造法として、水等の適当な溶媒を用い、加熱およ
び／又は加圧下に抽出した後、溶媒を除去する方法が用
いられてきた。しかしながら、従来の方法では、原料に
含まれる目的成分を有効に抽出することができない場合
が多かった。従って、特定の原料から、可能な限り多量
の成分を抽出し、高純度のエキスを効率良く製造する方
法の開発が強く求められていた。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Extracts derived from animals and plants are widely used as components of medicines, food additives, health foods, cosmetics and the like. Conventionally, as a method for producing such an extract, a method has been used in which an appropriate solvent such as water is used, extraction is performed under heating and / or pressure, and then the solvent is removed. However, in many cases, the conventional method cannot effectively extract the target component contained in the raw material. Therefore, there has been a strong demand for development of a method for efficiently producing a high-purity extract by extracting as much components as possible from a specific raw material.

【０００３】[0003]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、様々な原料
から、目的成分を効率良く抽出する方法を開発すること
を目的として鋭意、研究を重ねた結果、水分を含有する
動植物組織を、一旦、凍結して細胞膜を破壊した後、通
常の抽出溶媒を用いて、抽出し、濃縮することにより、
目的成分を含有するエキスを高収率で得ることができる
ことを見い出し本発明を完成するに至った。即ち、本発
明は、水分を含有する動植物の組織を、温度−１５℃〜
−２５℃で細胞膜が破壊されるに十分な時間処理した
後、水又はアルコール系溶媒で抽出し次いで抽出液から
溶媒を除去することを特徴とする凍結細胞膜破壊による
動植物エキスの抽出法を提供するものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventor has conducted earnest studies for the purpose of developing a method for efficiently extracting a target component from various raw materials, and as a result, animal and plant tissues containing water were Once frozen and destroyed the cell membrane, it is extracted and concentrated using a normal extraction solvent,
It was found that an extract containing the target component can be obtained in high yield, and the present invention has been completed. That is, in the present invention, the tissue of an animal or plant containing water is heated at a temperature of -15 ° C to
A method for extracting an animal or plant extract by freezing cell membrane disruption, which comprises treating at -25 ° C for a time sufficient to disrupt the cell membrane, extracting with water or an alcoholic solvent, and then removing the solvent from the extract. It is a thing.

【０００４】本発明方法は、凍結時の水の体積膨張によ
る細胞膜破壊を利用して、細胞質に含有される目的成分
の溶出を促し、溶媒による抽出効率を高めることに成功
したものである。この方法は、水分を含有する、あらゆ
る動植物の組織に適用可能である。本発明方法は、従っ
て、牡蠣、鮪、鱈などの魚介、牛、豚などの家畜、種々
の薬草、ニンニクや大根などの野菜、椎茸などの茸、果
実、茶などの潅木を含む、医薬、民間薬、調味料、健康
（機能性）食品、嗜好品などの原料となり得るものを対
象とする。即ち、本発明は、特定の原料の使用に限定さ
れるものではなく、あらゆる動植物の組織を用いるエキ
スの製造に適用可能である。特に牡蠣エキスおよひ野菜
エキスの製造に好適である。The method of the present invention has succeeded in promoting the elution of the target component contained in the cytoplasm by utilizing the cell membrane destruction due to the volume expansion of water at the time of freezing and enhancing the extraction efficiency with the solvent. This method is applicable to any animal or plant tissue containing water. The method of the present invention, therefore, includes oysters, tuna, seafood such as cod, cattle, livestock such as pigs, various medicinal plants, vegetables such as garlic and radish, mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, fruits, shrubs such as tea, pharmaceuticals, Targets are raw materials such as folk medicine, seasonings, health (functional) foods, and luxury items. That is, the present invention is not limited to the use of a specific raw material, and is applicable to the production of an extract using any animal or plant tissue. Particularly, it is suitable for producing oyster extract and vegetable extract.

【０００５】本発明方法は、動植物組織を、そのまま、
あるいは適当な大きさの切片に切断した後、組織細胞内
の水分が完全に凍結し、細胞膜が破壊されるに十分な温
度で必要な時間、処理する、即ち、必要に応じて、約１
ｍｍ〜５ｍｍに切断した組織切片を、通常、温度−１５
〜−２５℃、好ましくは−１５〜−２０℃、より好まし
くは−２０℃で原料が完全に凍結するまで凍結させる。
そのための時間は、原料の質および量によって様々であ
るが、通常、４８時間又はそれ以上で十分である。次い
で、凍結した組織を親水性の溶媒、好ましくは水又はア
ルコール系溶媒で常法に従い抽出する。なお、本発明方
法は必ずしも上記の凍結温度に限定されるものではな
く、細胞膜が破壊されて目的の成分が溶出される限り、
−２５℃以下、あるいは−１５℃以上であっても良いこ
とは、当業者ならば容易に理解するところである。抽出
の条件は、用いる原料および溶媒によって適宜選択さ
れ、例えば、常圧又は約４００〜約５００ｍｍＨｇ減圧
下、もしくは２．０気圧までの加圧下、低温、室温、加
温あるいは加熱潅流下、などの様々な条件を組み合わせ
て行う。適切な条件は、個々の場合に、当業者の通常の
知識に基づいて容易に選択することができる。例えば、
牡蠣むき身が原料の場合、約−２０℃で凍結し、抽出溶
媒として水を用いて、１００℃で５０〜８０分、好まし
くは６０分間、撹拌下ジャケット（蒸気圧力：２気圧）
で加温抽出する。次いで、抽出物をろ過し、減圧濃縮す
る。また、大根、人参、椎茸などの野菜類を用いる場合
は、数ｍｍ，好ましくは約３ｍｍ厚さの切片にし、凍結
させた後、１気圧下、温度１００℃で抽出する。次いで
ろ過、濃縮することにより、エキスを得ることができ
る。According to the method of the present invention, animal and plant tissues are directly
Alternatively, after cutting into an appropriately sized section, the water in the tissue cells is completely frozen, and the cells are treated at a temperature sufficient for destroying the cell membrane for a necessary time, that is, if necessary, about 1
A tissue section cut into 5 mm to 5 mm is usually used at a temperature of −15.
It is frozen at -25 ° C, preferably -15 to -20 ° C, more preferably -20 ° C until the raw material is completely frozen.
The time for this varies depending on the quality and quantity of the raw materials, but usually 48 hours or more is sufficient. Next, the frozen tissue is extracted with a hydrophilic solvent, preferably water or an alcohol solvent, according to a conventional method. Incidentally, the method of the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above freezing temperature, as long as the cell membrane is destroyed and the target component is eluted,
Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the temperature may be −25 ° C. or lower, or −15 ° C. or higher. The extraction conditions are appropriately selected depending on the raw material and solvent used, and include, for example, normal pressure or reduced pressure of about 400 to about 500 mmHg, or pressure up to 2.0 atm, low temperature, room temperature, heating or under heating perfusion. Performed by combining various conditions. Appropriate conditions can be easily selected in each case based on the usual knowledge of the person skilled in the art. For example,
When oyster peel is used as a raw material, it is frozen at about -20 ° C, and water is used as an extraction solvent at 100 ° C for 50 to 80 minutes, preferably 60 minutes, with stirring (steam pressure: 2 atm).
Extract with heat. The extract is then filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. When vegetables such as radish, carrot and shiitake are used, they are sliced to a thickness of several mm, preferably about 3 mm, frozen, and then extracted at 1 atmosphere and a temperature of 100 ° C. Then, the extract can be obtained by filtering and concentrating.

【０００６】[0006]

【実施例】以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、
これらは単なる例示にすぎず、本発明の範囲を制限する
ものではない。実施例１ 牡蠣肉エキスの製造 牡牡蠣き身３００ｋｇを２０ｋｇ入りのナイロン袋に分
割して入れ、容量１８Ｌの鉄板亜鉛ビキ缶に入れて−２
０℃の冷凍庫内で、缶の中心の原料が完全に凍結するま
で４８時間以上放置する。細胞膜が破壊された凍結牡蠣
原料（３００ｋｇ）を水９００Ｌを用い、撹拌下、抽出
釜（容量１５００Ｌ；加熱蒸気圧力：２気圧；温度：１
００℃）により、撹拌下、６０分間、加熱抽出する。抽
出後、目の粗いろ布でろ過した後、フィルタープレスで
再ろ過する。ろ液を真空式濃縮機にかけて濃度計（ブリ
ックス）で測定しながらエキス濃度３５％まで濃縮す
る。これを瞬間殺菌装置に通して殺菌し、エキス製品を
得る（収量１０５ｋｇ）。１００ｘ［エキス製品量（ｋ
ｇ）ｘエキス濃度（％）］／原料（ｋｇ）で表されるエ
キス収率（％）を求め、１２．２５％を得た。これは３
００Ｘ０．１２２５＝３６．７５ｋｇの純度１００％の
牡蠣エキスが得られたことを示している。即ち、本発明
方法による純品の牡蠣エキスの収率は１２．２５％、収
量は３６．７５ｋｇであった。The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
These are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the invention. Example 1 Manufacture of oyster meat extract 300 kg of oyster meat was divided into 20 kg nylon bags and placed in a steel plate zinc can of 18 L capacity-2
Let stand in the freezer at 0 ° C for 48 hours or longer until the raw material at the center of the can freezes completely. Frozen oyster raw material (300 kg) in which the cell membrane was destroyed was stirred with 900 L of water under stirring in an extraction vessel (capacity 1500 L; heating steam pressure: 2 atm; temperature: 1).
(00 ° C.) and heat extraction for 60 minutes with stirring. After extraction, it is filtered with a coarse filter cloth and then filtered again with a filter press. The filtrate is concentrated to an extract concentration of 35% by applying a vacuum type concentrator and measuring with a densitometer (Brix). This is sterilized by passing through an instantaneous sterilizer to obtain an extract product (yield 105 kg). 100x [amount of extract product (k
g) x extract concentration (%)] / raw material (kg), the extract yield (%) was determined to obtain 12.25%. This is 3
00X0.1225 = 36.75 kg of 100% pure oyster extract was obtained. That is, the yield of the pure oyster extract according to the method of the present invention was 12.25% and the yield was 36.75 kg.

【０００７】比較例１ 牡蠣むき身３００ｋｇを用い、冷凍処理をしないことを
除いて、実施例１と同様の方法で抽出、ろ過、濃縮した
結果、純品エキスの収率は１０．５％であった。この場
合の純品牡蠣エキスの収量は３１．５ｋｇであり、実施
例１に比較して、収率で１．７５％、収率で５．２５ｋ
ｇ少なかった。 Comparative Example 1 Extraction, filtration and concentration were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 300 kg of oyster peeled meat was not frozen, and the yield of pure extract was 10.5%. It was The yield of the pure oyster extract in this case was 31.5 kg, which was 1.75% in comparison with Example 1 and 5.25 k in yield.
g was low.

【０００８】実施例２ 野菜エキスの製造 生大根１４３ｋｇ、生大根葉６９ｋｇ、生人参５７ｋ
ｇ、生牛蒡２８ｋｇ、生椎茸３ｋｇを動力切断機で３ｍ
ｍ厚さに切断し、ナイロン袋に入れ、段ボール箱に詰
め、−２０℃の冷凍庫内で、４８時間以上放置する。次
いで、凍結原料（３００ｋｇ）を水９００Ｌにより、時
々、蒸気撹拌を行いながら、ジャケット加熱（温度：１
００℃）により、７０分間抽出する。抽出後、実施例１
と同様、粗ろ過した後、フィルタープレスで再ろ過し、
真空式濃縮機を用いてブリックス２０％まで濃縮し、瞬
間殺菌装置に通して殺菌することによりエキス製品を得
る（収量７８ｋｇ）。実施例１と同様にして算出した純
品野菜エキスの収率は５．２％、収量は１５．６ｋｇで
あった。 Example 2 Production of vegetable extract 143 kg of fresh radish, 69 kg of fresh radish leaves, 57 g of ginseng
g, 28kg raw burdock root, 3kg raw shiitake mushroom 3m by power cutting machine
Cut to a thickness of m, put in a nylon bag, put in a cardboard box, and leave in a freezer at -20 ° C for 48 hours or more. Then, the frozen raw material (300 kg) was jacket heated (temperature: 1: 1) with 900 L of water while occasionally performing steam stirring.
(00 ° C) for 70 minutes. After extraction, Example 1
Similar to, after coarse filtration, re-filter with a filter press,
An extract product is obtained by concentrating to 20% Brix using a vacuum concentrator and sterilizing by passing through an instant sterilizer (yield 78 kg). The yield of the pure vegetable extract calculated in the same manner as in Example 1 was 5.2%, and the yield was 15.6 kg.

【０００９】比較例２ 実施例２と同様の野菜原料３００ｋｇを、冷凍処理をし
ないことを除いて実施例２と同様の方法で抽出、ろ過、
濃縮した結果、純品野菜エキスの収率は４．５％、量は
１３．５ｋｇであり、実施例２に比較して、収率で０．
７％、収量で２．１ｋｇ少なかった。 Comparative Example 2 300 kg of the same vegetable raw material as in Example 2 was extracted, filtered and extracted in the same manner as in Example 2 except that it was not frozen.
As a result of concentration, the yield of the pure vegetable extract was 4.5%, and the amount thereof was 13.5 kg.
7%, 2.1 kg less in yield.

【００１０】[0010]

【発明の効果】本発明方法によれば、従来の方法に比較
して極めて効率良く、動植物の組織から目的成分を含有
するエキスを得ることができ、資源の有効利用および経
費の節減が達成できる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method of the present invention, an extract containing a target component can be obtained from animal and plant tissues extremely efficiently as compared with the conventional methods, and effective use of resources and cost reduction can be achieved. .

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 水分を含有する動植物の組織を、温度−
１５℃〜−２５℃で細胞膜が破壊されるに十分な時間処
理した後、水又はアルコール系溶媒で抽出し次いで抽出
液から溶媒を除去することを特徴とする凍結細胞膜破壊
による動植物エキスの抽出法。1. An animal or plant tissue containing water is subjected to temperature-
Extraction method of animal and plant extract by disruption of frozen cell membrane, which comprises treating at 15 ° C to -25 ° C for a time sufficient to disrupt the cell membrane, followed by extraction with water or an alcohol solvent and then removing the solvent from the extract. . 【請求項２】 凍結温度が−１５℃〜−２０℃の範囲で
ある請求項１記載の方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the freezing temperature is in the range of -15 ° C to -20 ° C. 【請求項３】 溶媒が、水、メタノール、エタノール、
プロパノール又はこれらの任意の混合物である請求項１
記載の方法。3. The solvent is water, methanol, ethanol,
A propanol or any mixture thereof.
The method described. 【請求項４】 動植物の組織が、魚介、薬草、野菜およ
び畜肉から選択されるものの組織である請求項１−３の
いずれかに記載の方法。4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the animal or plant tissue is a tissue selected from seafood, herbs, vegetables and meat.