JPH0797908A - Diesel particulate filter - Google Patents
Diesel particulate filterInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0797908A JPH0797908A JP6201338A JP20133894A JPH0797908A JP H0797908 A JPH0797908 A JP H0797908A JP 6201338 A JP6201338 A JP 6201338A JP 20133894 A JP20133894 A JP 20133894A JP H0797908 A JPH0797908 A JP H0797908A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- diesel particulate
- particulate filter
- exhaust gas
- filter element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はディ−ゼルエンジンの排
気ガス中のパティキュレ−トを捕集するディ−ゼルパテ
ィキュレ−トフィルタに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a diesel particulate filter for collecting particulates in exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】ディ−ゼルエンジンは断熱圧縮による高
温度の空気中に燃料が噴射され、その燃焼が行われるヘ
トロジニアス燃焼のため、排気ガス中に一酸化炭素や炭
化水素の排出が少ないが、窒素酸化物とパティキュレ−
トの排出量が多いという問題がある。2. Description of the Related Art In a diesel engine, fuel is injected into high-temperature air by adiabatic compression, and the combustion is carried out. Since it is a heterogeneous combustion, the emission of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons is small, but Nitrogen oxides and particulates
There is a problem that a large amount of waste is emitted.
【0003】そして、このようなパティキュレ−トの大
気への放出を防ぐため、排気流路にフィルタを取付けて
排気ガスを濾過し、その清浄化を図るパティキュレ−ト
フィルタが開発されている。In order to prevent the release of such particulates to the atmosphere, a particulate filter has been developed which is equipped with a filter in the exhaust passage to filter the exhaust gas and purify it.
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この種のパティキュレ
−トフィルタは通常、多数の微細な通孔を有する多孔質
のフィルタ素材を用い、排気流を該フィルタの通孔に導
いてパティキュレ−トを捕集し、捕集した堆積物を電熱
により焼却することが行われている。This type of particulate filter generally uses a porous filter material having a large number of fine through holes, and guides the exhaust flow to the through holes of the filter to form the particulates. It is practiced to collect and incinerate the collected deposit by electric heating.
【0005】このような場合、細かいパティキュレ−ト
まで捕集するには細かい通孔を用いればよいが、通孔が
細かいと排気抵抗が大になるという問題がある。In such a case, a fine through hole may be used to collect even fine particulates, but if the through hole is fine, there is a problem that exhaust resistance becomes large.
【0006】また、通電により堆積物を焼却すればフィ
ルタの再生が行えるが、焼却が不十分の場合は通電を繰
返す必要があり、通電時間が長いとフィルタ素子が過熱
され、短寿命となる欠点がある。Further, although the filter can be regenerated by incinerating the deposit by energization, the energization must be repeated if the incineration is insufficient. If the energization time is long, the filter element is overheated and the life becomes short. There is.
【0007】本発明はこのような従来の欠点を改善しよ
うとするもので、その目的は粗目の通孔のフィルタを用
いても微細な粒子まで捕集できるようにするとともに、
堆積物の焼却処理時には通電が自動的に制御できるよう
なディ−ゼルパティキュレ−トフィルタを提供すること
にある。The present invention is intended to improve such conventional drawbacks, and an object thereof is to enable even fine particles to be collected even if a filter having a coarse through hole is used.
An object of the present invention is to provide a diesel particulate filter that can automatically control the electric current when incinerating deposits.
【0008】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上述の目的を達成するた
めに本発明によれば、ディ−ゼルエンジンの排気ガス中
のパティキュレ−トを捕集し電熱により焼却するディ−
ゼルパティキュレ−トフイルタにおいて、多数の通孔を
有する板状材からなる異径の複数円筒をそれぞれ空間を
隔てて同心上に配置してフィルタ素子を形成せしめ、前
記フィルタ素子の外周部より排気ガスを導入し、中心部
から排気ガスを排出せしめることを特徴とするディ−ゼ
ルパティキュレ−トフィルタが提供され、特にフィルタ
素子とフィルタ素子との間にもセラミック繊維などの不
織布或いは織布からなるフィルタを介在させたものであ
る。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, a diesel engine which collects particulates in exhaust gas of a diesel engine and incinerates them by electric heat is used.
In a zelpatic filter, a plurality of cylinders of different diameters made of a plate-like material having a large number of through holes are concentrically arranged with a space between each to form a filter element, and exhaust gas is introduced from the outer peripheral portion of the filter element. However, there is provided a diesel particulate filter characterized in that exhaust gas is discharged from the central portion, and in particular, a filter made of a nonwoven fabric such as ceramic fiber or a woven fabric is also interposed between the filter elements. It is a thing.
【0009】[0009]
【作用】フィルタ板の通孔を粗目に形成し、これを通過
した微粒子は次の空間にて集合する性質があるため、次
段のフィルタ板にて捕集できるとともに流路抵抗は大に
ならず、またフィルタ板の温度上昇に基づく抵抗値に基
づいて通電を断にするためフィルタ板の過熱が防止でき
る。[Function] Since the through holes of the filter plate are formed coarsely, and the fine particles that have passed through the filter plate have the property of gathering in the next space, they can be collected by the filter plate in the next stage and the flow path resistance becomes large. Moreover, since the power supply is cut off based on the resistance value due to the temperature rise of the filter plate, overheating of the filter plate can be prevented.
【0010】[0010]
【実施例】つぎに本発明の実施例について図面を用いて
詳細に説明する。図1は本発明にかかるディ−ゼルパテ
ィキュレ−トフィルタの一実施例の構成ブロック図であ
り、図2は図1のフィルタの縦断面図である。Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of an embodiment of the diesel particulate filter according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the filter shown in FIG.
【0011】これらの図面において、1は外形が円柱状
のフィルタケ−スで、その外壁端の上方には排気ガスが
流入される入口流路11が、円柱の端面の一方の中央部
分からは浄化された排ガスの出口となる出口流路12が
それぞれ設けられている。In these drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a filter case having a cylindrical outer shape, and an inlet passage 11 into which exhaust gas is introduced is provided above an outer wall end of the filter case from a central portion of one end surface of a cylinder. The outlet channels 12 are provided as outlets of the generated exhaust gas.
【0012】図示の21はそれぞれフィルタ素子となる
Aフィルタ、22はBフィルタで、空間31を挟んだ同
心円の円筒状に形成され、ニッケルを主成分とした薄板
の全面には150〜300μmの***がパティキュレ−
ト用のフィルタとして多数穿孔されており、その外面に
は、例えばアルミニウムを被覆してその面を酸化処理し
てAl2 O3 の皮膜を被着させるか、または炭化タング
ステンほ皮膜が覆っている。In the figure, 21 is an A filter which serves as a filter element, and 22 is a B filter, which are formed in a concentric cylindrical shape with a space 31 sandwiched between them. Is a particulate
It is perforated as a filter for a large number of parts, and its outer surface is covered with, for example, aluminum and then an oxidation treatment is applied to the surface to deposit a film of Al 2 O 3 , or a tungsten carbide film is covered. .
【0013】また、23はCフィルタ、24はDフィル
タであり、それぞれ櫛歯状の凹凸を有する波状板が空間
33を挟んで図示のように同心の円筒状に形成されたも
ので、その素材は前述のAフィルタ21やBフィルタ2
2と同種で、通孔として100〜200μmの通孔のも
のが使われており、Cフィルタ23とBフィルタ22と
の間は空間32により隔てられている。Reference numeral 23 denotes a C filter, and 24 denotes a D filter, which are corrugated plates each having a comb-shaped concavo-convex formed in a concentric cylindrical shape with a space 33 interposed therebetween, as shown in the drawing. Is the A filter 21 and the B filter 2 described above.
The same type as that of No. 2 and a through hole of 100 to 200 μm is used as the through hole, and the C filter 23 and the B filter 22 are separated by a space 32.
【0014】13は遮熱材で、耐熱性で電気の絶縁性の
ある断熱材により構成され、A〜Dフィルタ21〜24
の両端部をそれぞれ覆ってフィルタケ−ス1の内部に収
納するもので、収納されるA〜Dフィルタ21〜24の
所定の端部には接続用のリ−ドが溶接され、例えば図示
のように4種のフィルタ素子が直列接続されて、その両
端には端子41、41が凸設されている。Reference numeral 13 denotes a heat shield, which is made of a heat insulating material having heat resistance and electrical insulation, and has A to D filters 21 to 24.
Are housed in the filter case 1 by covering both ends thereof, and a connecting lead is welded to a predetermined end of the housed A to D filters 21 to 24. 4 types of filter elements are connected in series, and terminals 41, 41 are provided at both ends of the filter element in a protruding manner.
【0015】4は電力を供給する制御装置で、直列接続
された4種のフィルタ素子への通電回路には小抵抗r1
とリレ−スイッチ42が配線されており、該小抵抗r1
と両端子41と41間のフィルタの抵抗値、および抵抗
r2とr3との4種の抵抗値によってブリッジ回路が構
成され、このバランスを検出する比較回路43により所
定の抵抗値対比の場合は指令回路44からの指令によ
り、リレ−スイッチ42がオフとなるように構成されて
いる。Reference numeral 4 is a control device for supplying electric power, and a small resistance r1 is provided in the energizing circuits for the four kinds of filter elements connected in series.
And the relay switch 42 are wired, and the small resistance r1
And a resistance value of a filter between both terminals 41 and 41, and four resistance values of resistances r2 and r3 form a bridge circuit, and a comparison circuit 43 for detecting this balance instructs a command in the case of a predetermined resistance value comparison. The relay switch 42 is turned off by a command from the circuit 44.
【0016】つぎに、このように構成された本実施例の
作動を説明する。入口流路11から流入される排気ガス
はまずAフィルタ21の外周に至り、大粒子のパティキ
ュレ−トは通孔を通過できずに捕集され、微細な粒子や
気体成分は通孔を介して空間31に解放される。Next, the operation of this embodiment thus constructed will be described. The exhaust gas flowing in from the inlet passage 11 first reaches the outer periphery of the A filter 21, particulates of large particles cannot be passed through the through hole and are collected, and fine particles and gas components are passed through the through hole. The space 31 is released.
【0017】この場合、微細な粒子はAフィルタ21を
通過の際や空間31にて他の粒子などと触れ合って静電
気を帯び、この帯電の吸引力によって互いに集合して空
間31では大粒子に成長する。In this case, the fine particles are charged with static electricity when passing through the A filter 21 or in contact with other particles in the space 31, and gathered by the attraction force of this charging to grow into large particles in the space 31. To do.
【0018】ついで、Bフィルタ22では大きく集合し
た粒子は捕集されて他の微細なものは通過するが、次の
空間32では前記と同様に帯電したものは大粒子に成長
する。Then, the B filter 22 collects the large aggregated particles and passes other fine particles, but in the next space 32, the charged particles grow into large particles as described above.
【0019】したがって、このような繰返しにより排気
中のパティキュレ−トは効率よく捕集されることにな
り、それぞれのフィルタ素子に堆積する。Therefore, by repeating such a process, the particulates in the exhaust gas are efficiently collected and are deposited on the respective filter elements.
【0020】ついで、時間の経過により各フィルタ素子
が目詰りすると、制御回路4はリレ−スイッチ42を閉
じる事により、小抵抗r1を介して直列接続のフィルタ
素子に通電が行われる。Next, when each filter element is clogged due to the passage of time, the control circuit 4 closes the relay switch 42 to energize the filter elements connected in series via the small resistance r1.
【0021】このためニッケルを主成分とするフィルタ
素子の発熱により堆積物が加熱され、温度上昇によって
その焼却が開始される。そして堆積物の焼却熱によりフ
ィルタ素子の温度が上昇するとともに、ニッケル成分の
多いフィルタ素子の電気抵抗値が増大して所定の抵抗値
に到達する。Therefore, the deposit is heated by the heat generated by the filter element containing nickel as a main component, and the incineration thereof is started by the temperature rise. The temperature of the filter element rises due to the heat of incineration of the deposit, and the electric resistance value of the filter element containing a large amount of nickel increases to reach a predetermined resistance value.
【0022】一方、比較回路42に入力されるブリッジ
回路は,r2およびr3との対比と、フィルタ抵抗値お
よびr1との対比でバランスが得られていた状態が、フ
ィルタ抵抗値の増大でバランスが崩れ、これを検知した
比較回路43からの信号により、指令回路44はリレ−
スイッチ42に断信号を送ってフィルタ素子への通電を
断にするため、フィルタ素子の過熱が防止されることに
なる。On the other hand, in the bridge circuit input to the comparison circuit 42, the balance between the comparison with r2 and r3 and the comparison with the filter resistance value and r1 is balanced by the increase of the filter resistance value. The command circuit 44 is released by the signal from the comparison circuit 43 which detects the collapse.
Since the disconnection signal is sent to the switch 42 to disconnect the power supply to the filter element, overheating of the filter element is prevented.
【0023】図3は本発明の第2の実施例を示す構成ブ
ロック図であり、図4は図3のフィルタの縦断面図であ
る。この実施例においては、例えばCフィルタ23とD
フィルタ24との間の空間にセラミックウイスカ等によ
り構成された織布或いは不織布からなる絶縁性のフィル
タAFを介在せしめてある。なお、図3及び図4におい
て、第1の実施例と同じ部分には同じ符号を付し、その
説明は省略する。このように構成することによって、パ
ティキュレ−トの捕捉率が上昇してフィルタ効率が良く
なる。このフィルタAFはCフィルタ23とDフィルタ
24との間の空間に限ることなく、Aフィルタ21とB
フィルタ22間、或いはBフィルタ22とCフィルタ2
3との間の何れかの空間、或いはこれら空間の内選択さ
れた複数の空間に設けることもできる。なお、この実施
例において、フィルタAFに堆積したパティキュレ−ト
は、Aフィルタ21〜Dフィルタ24に堆積したパティ
キュレ−トを焼却する際、類焼により同時に焼却され
る。FIG. 3 is a constitutional block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the filter shown in FIG. In this embodiment, for example, C filter 23 and D
An insulating filter AF made of woven or non-woven fabric made of ceramic whiskers or the like is interposed in a space between the filter 24 and the filter. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. With this configuration, the trapping rate of particulates is increased and the filter efficiency is improved. The filter AF is not limited to the space between the C filter 23 and the D filter 24, but may be the A filter 21 and the B filter.
Between filters 22, or between B filter 22 and C filter 2
It may be provided in any space between the two spaces or a plurality of spaces selected from these spaces. In this embodiment, the particulate matter deposited on the filter AF is burned at the same time by burning the particulate matter deposited on the A filter 21 to the D filter 24.
【0024】以上、本発明を上述の実施例によって説明
したが、本発明の主旨の範囲内で種々の変形が可能であ
り、これらの変形を本発明の範囲から排除するものでは
ない。Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, various modifications are possible within the scope of the gist of the present invention, and these modifications are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
【0025】[0025]
【発明の効果】上述の実施例のように本発明によれば、
フィルタ素子のパティキュレ−トの捕集用の通孔を粗目
にし、通過した微粒子が次の空間にて帯電による集合に
より大粒子に成長し、次段の通孔にて捕集されるように
して、細目の通孔を避けたので排気抵抗の小さいフィル
タシステムが得られ、また、フィルタ素子の表面を酸化
アルミニウム或いは炭化タングステンで覆っているの
で、長寿命である。さらにフィルタ素材に抵抗温度係数
の大きいニッケルを主成分とし、その抵抗値に基づき通
電を制御するので、フィルタ素子の過熱以前に通電を断
つことができ、その損粍が防止できるという効果が得ら
れる。さらに、これらフィルタ素子の間に織布或いは不
織布のフィルタを満たしているので、さらにフィルタの
効率が上昇する。According to the present invention as in the above embodiments,
The through holes for collecting the particulates of the filter element are roughened so that the passing fine particles grow into large particles in the next space by aggregation due to charging and are collected in the next through holes. Since a fine through hole is avoided, a filter system with low exhaust resistance can be obtained, and since the surface of the filter element is covered with aluminum oxide or tungsten carbide, it has a long life. Furthermore, since the filter material contains nickel with a large temperature coefficient of resistance as the main component and the energization is controlled based on its resistance value, it is possible to cut off the energization before the filter element is overheated, and it is possible to prevent the damage. . Furthermore, since a woven or non-woven filter is filled between these filter elements, the efficiency of the filter is further increased.
【図1】本発明にかかるディ−ゼルパティキュレ−トフ
ィルタの一実施例の構成を示す縦断面図である。FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an embodiment of a diesel particulate filter according to the present invention.
【図2】図1に示すフィルタの断面図である。2 is a cross-sectional view of the filter shown in FIG.
【図3】本発明にかかるディ−ゼルパティキュレ−トフ
ィルタの第2の実施例の構成を示す縦断面図である。FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing the configuration of a second embodiment of the diesel particulate filter according to the present invention.
【図4】図3に示すフィルタの断面図である。4 is a cross-sectional view of the filter shown in FIG.
1…フィルタケ−ス 4…制御装置 11…入口流路 21…Aフィルタ 22…Bフィルタ 23…Cフィルタ 24…Dフィルタ 31、32、33…空間 41…端子 42…リレ−スイッチ 43…比較回路 AF…フィルタ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Filter case 4 ... Control device 11 ... Inlet flow path 21 ... A filter 22 ... B filter 23 ... C filter 24 ... D filter 31, 32, 33 ... Space 41 ... Terminal 42 ... Release switch 43 ... Comparison circuit AF …filter
Claims (9)
キュレ−トを捕集し電熱により焼却するディ−ゼルパテ
ィキュレ−トフイルタにおいて、多数の通孔を有する板
状材からなる異径の複数円筒をそれぞれ空間を隔てて同
心上に配置してフィルタ素子を形成せしめ、前記フィル
タ素子の外周部より排気ガスを導入し、中心部から排気
ガスを排出せしめることを特徴とするディ−ゼルパティ
キュレ−トフィルタ。1. A diesel particulate filter for collecting particulates in exhaust gas of a diesel engine and incinerating it by electric heat, wherein a plurality of cylinders each having a different diameter and made of a plate-like material having a large number of through holes are provided. A diesel particulate filter characterized in that a filter element is formed concentrically with a space therebetween, exhaust gas is introduced from the outer peripheral portion of the filter element, and exhaust gas is discharged from the central portion.
にセラミックスを被覆又は積層してなることを特徴とす
る請求項1に記載のディ−ゼルパティキュレ−トフィル
タ。2. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 1, wherein the filter element comprises a heat-resistant metal plate and an outer surface of which a ceramic is coated or laminated.
さらにその外表面を酸化処理によるアルミナ層を形成さ
せたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のディ−ゼルパテ
ィキュレ−トフィルタ。3. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 2, wherein the outer surface of the metal plate is coated with aluminum, and the outer surface of the metal plate is provided with an alumina layer by oxidation treatment.
覆したことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のディ−ゼルパ
ティキュレ−トフィルタ。4. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 2, wherein the outer surface of the metal plate is coated with tungsten carbide.
フィルタは外側の円筒には粗目の通孔を、内側の円筒に
は細めの通孔を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1又は請
求項2又は請求項3又は請求項4に記載のディ−ゼルパ
ティキュレ−トフィルタ。5. The plurality of cylindrical filters forming the filter element are characterized in that a coarse through hole is provided in an outer cylinder and a fine through hole is provided in an inner cylinder. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 2 or claim 3 or claim 4.
ックス長繊維を積層した織布又は不織布に積層したこと
を特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2又は請求項3又は請
求項4に記載のディ−ゼルパティキュレ−トフィルタ。6. The filter element according to claim 1, wherein the filter element is laminated on a woven or non-woven fabric in which a porous metal material and ceramic long fibers are laminated. Diesel particulate filter.
列接続すると共に、その導電性材の端部には通電用のリ
−ド線が溶接されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は
請求項2又は請求項3又は請求項4又は請求項5に記載
のディ−ゼルパティキュレ−トフィルタ。7. A plurality of cylinders are connected in series to a flow of exhaust gas, and a lead wire for energization is welded to an end portion of a conductive material thereof. Alternatively, the diesel particulate filter according to claim 2 or claim 3 or claim 4 or claim 5.
による前記複数の円筒を構成する前記金属板の抵抗値が
所定値に到達時に通電を断制御する制御手段を備えたこ
とを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2又は請求項3又は
請求項4又は請求項5又は請求項6に記載のディ−ゼル
パティキュレ−トフィルタ。8. A control means is provided for controlling the disconnection of electricity when the resistance value of the metal plates forming the plurality of cylinders reaches a predetermined value due to the temperature rise of each of the cylinders when electricity is applied to the plurality of cylinders. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 1 or claim 2 or claim 3 or claim 4 or claim 5 or claim 6.
又は不織布からなるフィルタを介在せしめたことを特徴
とする請求項1に記載のディ−ゼルパティキュレ−トフ
ィルタ。9. The diesel particulate filter according to claim 1, wherein a filter made of ceramic woven cloth or non-woven cloth is interposed between the filter elements.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP6201338A JPH0797908A (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1994-08-03 | Diesel particulate filter |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5-210977 | 1993-07-23 | ||
JP21097793 | 1993-08-03 | ||
JP6201338A JPH0797908A (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1994-08-03 | Diesel particulate filter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0797908A true JPH0797908A (en) | 1995-04-11 |
Family
ID=26512733
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6201338A Pending JPH0797908A (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1994-08-03 | Diesel particulate filter |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0797908A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000046492A1 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-10 | Fumiya Takeuchi | Black smoke/particulates controlling device for diesel engines and auxiliary device for exhaust gas reduction |
-
1994
- 1994-08-03 JP JP6201338A patent/JPH0797908A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000046492A1 (en) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-10 | Fumiya Takeuchi | Black smoke/particulates controlling device for diesel engines and auxiliary device for exhaust gas reduction |
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