JPH07327481A - Artificial soil for raising plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an artificial soil for raising plants consisting mainly of coal ash regulated in granular size, excellent in air permeability, drainability, water-holding ability and fertilizer-holding ability without the need of using any soil modifier such as a water-holding material, thus useful for e.g. sports facilities such as golf links. CONSTITUTION:The objective artificial soil for raising plant regulated in granular size with an intergranular average pore size of pref. 12-132mum, consists mainly of single-diameter coal ash 1 with a granular diameter of 75-850mum. It is preferable that the artificial soil comprise 10-25wt.% of coal ash 5-106mum in granular diameter, 25-50wt.% of coal ash 106-425mum in granular diameter, and 30-50wt.% of coal ash 425-2000mum in granular diameter.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、ゴルフ場やサッカー場
などのスポーツ施設、緑地、屋上庭園、道路や鉄道の法
面などの植物育成用土壌として天然土壌に代えて用いら
れる植物育成用人工土壌に関し、さらに詳しくは、保水
材等の土壌改良材を用いることなく、植物の生育に必要
な通気性及び排水性を損なうことなく、保水性及び保肥
性を有し、植物を良好に生育させることが可能な植物育
成用人工土壌に関するものである。[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is an artificial plant-growing artificial plant used as a plant-growing soil for sports facilities such as golf courses and soccer fields, green spaces, roof gardens, roads and railway slopes. Regarding soil, more specifically, it has water retention and fertilizing properties without spoiling the air permeability and drainage required for plant growth without using soil improvement materials such as water retention materials, and grows plants well. The present invention relates to an artificial soil for growing plants that can be made to grow.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】ゴルフ場などの植物育成用土壌として
は、排水性及び通気性のよい砂質土が適するといわれて
いる。このため、現地土が排水不良な粘性土の場合、砂
質土による客土を行い、排水性及び通気性を保つように
しているが、この場合、砂質土の客土により、土壌の保
水性及び保肥性が低下するという問題点を有していた。
これを防止するため、従来、砂質土に各種の保水材や保
肥材等の土壌改良材を混合することによって、土壌の保
水性及び保肥性を維持するようにしている（例えば、ア
メリカゴルフ協会のサンドグリーン造成用土壌の仕様も
所定の粒度分布を持つ砂質土に、ピートモス等の保水材
を混合して用いることとしている。）。2. Description of the Related Art It is said that sandy soil having good drainage and air permeability is suitable as soil for growing plants such as golf courses. For this reason, when the local soil is cohesive soil with poor drainage, the soil is made of sandy soil to keep the water drainage and air permeability. However, there was a problem in that the fertility and fertility were reduced.
In order to prevent this, conventionally, the water retention and fertilizing properties of the soil are maintained by mixing various soil-retaining materials such as water-retaining materials and fertilizers with sandy soil (for example, the United States. The specifications of the golf association's sand green formation soil are also to be used by mixing sandy soil with a specified particle size distribution with a water retaining material such as peat moss.)

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、従来の
砂質土による客土は、つぎのような問題点を有してい
た。 (1) 植物を良好に生育させるためには、通気性及び排水
性を損なうことなく、保水性及び保肥性を有する良質の
土壌を必要とするが、このためには、良質の砂質土や土
壌改良材を必要とし、材料コスト、造成コストが高くな
る。 (2) 植物を良好に生育させるための良質の土壌を維持す
るためには、肥料の散布、雑草の除去が頻繁に必要とな
り、維持コストが高くなる。 (3) 土壌の構成材料の分離、移動による目詰まりや、踏
圧による固結が生じやすく、通気性及び排水性が低下す
る。なお、この傾向は、砂質土にピートモス、テンポロ
ン、高吸水性樹脂（ＷＡＰ）等の有機系保水材を土壌改
良材として混合する場合や、丸い粒子形の砂質土を用い
る場合に特に顕著である。However, the conventional soil made of sandy soil has the following problems. (1) In order for a plant to grow well, it is necessary to have a good quality soil having water retention and fertilizing properties without impairing air permeability and drainage. And soil improvement materials are required, resulting in high material costs and construction costs. (2) In order to maintain good soil quality for good plant growth, fertilizer application and weed removal are frequently required, resulting in high maintenance costs. (3) Clogs due to separation and movement of soil constituent materials and solidification due to treading are likely to occur, resulting in poor air permeability and drainage. This tendency is particularly noticeable when sandy soil is mixed with an organic water retention material such as peat moss, temporon or super absorbent polymer (WAP) as a soil conditioner, or when round particle-shaped sandy soil is used. Is.

【０００４】本発明は、従来の砂質土による客土の有す
る問題点を解決すべく、保水材等の土壌改良材を用いる
ことなく、通気性及び排水性を損なうことなく、保水性
及び保肥性を有し、植物を良好に生育させることが可能
な植物育成用人工土壌を提供することを目的とする。In order to solve the problems of the conventional soil due to sandy soil, the present invention does not use a soil improving material such as a water retaining material, does not impair the air permeability and drainage, and retains water and water. It is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial soil for growing plants, which has fertilizer properties and can favorably grow plants.

【０００５】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本第１発明の植物育成用人工土壌は、粒径を調整し
た石炭灰を主成分とすることを要旨とする。In order to achieve the above object, the gist of the artificial soil for growing plants of the first aspect of the present invention is that the main component is coal ash having a controlled particle size.

【０００６】また、本第２発明の植物育成用人工土壌
は、本第１発明の植物育成用人工土壌において、粒子間
の平均孔隙径が１２〜１３２μｍの範囲となる、粒径が
７５〜８５０μｍの範囲の単一径の石炭灰で構成したこ
とを要旨とする。この場合において、粒子間の孔隙径と
は、土壌を構成する複数の石炭灰の粒子間に位置し、か
つ粒子各々の表面に接する仮想外接球の直径をいう。ま
た、単一径の石炭灰とは、篩によって規定される７５〜
１０６μｍ、１０６〜２５０μｍ、２５０〜４２５μｍ
又は４２５〜８５０μｍのうちのいずれか１つの粒度範
囲に含まれる石炭灰をいう。Further, the artificial soil for growing plants according to the second aspect of the present invention is the artificial soil for growing plants according to the first aspect of the present invention, in which the average pore diameter between particles is in the range of 12 to 132 μm, and the particle size is 75 to 850 μm. The gist is that it is composed of coal ash with a single diameter in the range of. In this case, the pore size between particles refers to the diameter of a virtual circumscribing sphere that is located between a plurality of coal ash particles that make up the soil and that is in contact with the surface of each particle. Moreover, the coal ash having a single diameter is defined as 75-
106 μm, 106 to 250 μm, 250 to 425 μm
Alternatively, it refers to coal ash contained in any one of the particle size ranges of 425 to 850 μm.

【０００７】また、本第３発明の植物育成用人工土壌
は、本第１発明の植物育成用人工土壌において、粒径が
５〜１０６μｍの石炭灰を１０〜２５重量パーセント、
１０６〜４２５μｍの石炭灰を２５〜５０重量パーセン
ト、４２５〜２０００μｍの石炭灰を３０〜５０重量パ
ーセント含有してなることを要旨とする。The plant-growing artificial soil according to the third aspect of the present invention is the plant-growing artificial soil according to the first aspect of the present invention, in which 10 to 25% by weight of coal ash having a particle size of 5 to 106 μm,
The gist is that it contains 25 to 50 weight percent of coal ash of 106 to 425 μm and 30 to 50 weight percent of coal ash of 425 to 2000 μm.

【０００８】[0008]

【作 用】本発明の植物育成用人工土壌を構成する石炭
灰は、多数の粒子内の連通孔隙を有する多孔質体である
ため、用いる石炭灰の粒径を調整することにより、適度
の通気性及び排水性に加え、保水性及び保肥性を有す
る。また、本発明の植物育成用人工土壌を構成する石炭
灰は、均等係数（加積通過率６０％に相当する粒径を加
積通過率１０％に相当する粒径で割った値）が大きく、
粒子形状が角張って凹凸に富んでおり、さらに、物理的
にも、また化学的にも崩壊しにくいため、土壌の構成材
料の分離、移動による目詰まりや、踏圧による固結が生
じにくく、通気性及び排水性が低下することがない。[Operation] Since the coal ash that constitutes the artificial soil for growing plants of the present invention is a porous body having communicating pores in a large number of particles, by adjusting the particle size of the coal ash to be used, appropriate aeration can be achieved. Water retention and fertilization properties in addition to water retention and drainage. In addition, the coal ash that constitutes the artificial soil for growing plants of the present invention has a large uniformity coefficient (a value obtained by dividing the particle size corresponding to a loading rate of 60% by the particle size corresponding to a loading rate of 10%). ,
Since the particle shape is angular and rich in unevenness, and it does not easily physically or chemically disintegrate, clogging due to separation and movement of soil constituent materials and solidification due to treading are less likely to occur And drainage will not deteriorate.

【０００９】[0009]

【実施例】以下、本発明の植物育成用人工土壌を実施例
に基づいて説明する。本発明の植物育成用人工土壌に使
用する石炭灰は、従来廃棄処理していた火力発電所、そ
の他の事業所より産出される産業廃棄物であり、図１
（ａ）に模式的に示すように、石炭灰１の粒子内に多数
の連通孔隙１ｂを有する多孔質体からなり、従来、図１
（ｂ）に模式的に示す砂質土２（非多孔質体）とは、異
なる基本構造を有している。EXAMPLES The artificial soil for growing plants of the present invention will be described below based on examples. The coal ash used in the artificial soil for growing plants of the present invention is industrial waste produced from thermal power plants and other business sites that have been conventionally disposed of.
As shown schematically in (a), it consists of a porous body having a large number of communicating pores 1b in the particles of coal ash 1 and is conventionally formed as shown in FIG.
The sandy soil 2 (non-porous body) schematically shown in (b) has a different basic structure.

【００１０】ところで、一般に植物を生育させる土壌の
機能についていえば、その土壌を構成する構成材料の粒
径によりその排水性、通気性、保水性、保肥性等の機能
が変化する。通気性及び排水性は粒径が小さいほどその
機能が低下し、粒径が大きいほどその機能が向上する。
反対に保水性及び保肥性は粒径が小さいほどその機能が
向上し、大きいほどその機能が低下する。By the way, in general, with respect to the function of soil on which plants are grown, the functions such as drainage, air permeability, water retention, and fertilization properties vary depending on the particle size of the constituent materials constituting the soil. The air permeability and drainage property decrease as the particle size decreases, and the function increases as the particle size increases.
On the contrary, the water-retaining property and the fertilizing property are improved as the particle size is smaller, and the function is decreased as the particle size is larger.

【００１１】そして、通気性、排水性、保水性、保肥性
等の土壌の機能のうち通気性及び排水性に関しては、降
雨や潅水後の重力水（非有効水）は、石炭灰１からなる
土壌も、砂質土２からなる土壌も、粒子間の大孔隙（非
毛管孔隙）１ａ，２ａを通し排出され、通気性が確保さ
れる。Among the soil functions such as breathability, drainage, water retention and fertilizer retention, with respect to breathability and drainage, gravity water (ineffective water) after rainfall or irrigation is Both the soil and the soil consisting of the sandy soil 2 are discharged through the large pores (non-capillary pores) 1a and 2a between the particles, and the air permeability is secured.

【００１２】しかし、保水性及び保肥性に関しては、石
炭灰１の場合は、粒子内に外部と接した連通孔隙（毛管
孔隙）１ｂを有するため、重力水が排除された後もこの
中に毛管水として植物根が吸収可能な水分（有効水）が
貯留されるのに対し、砂質土２の場合は、有効水が少な
く保水性に乏しい。Regarding the water retention and fertilization properties, however, in the case of the coal ash 1, since the particles have the communicating pores (capillary pores) 1b which are in contact with the outside, they remain in the particles even after the gravity water is removed. Water (effective water) that can be absorbed by plant roots is stored as capillary water, whereas sandy soil 2 has less effective water and poor water retention.

【００１３】なお、粘性土のように粒径がきわめて小さ
い場合、粒子間の孔隙も微細なため、毛管水は多量に存
在するが、毛管水中の有効水が占める割合はさほど多く
なく、また排水性が劣るため、重力水が速やかに排除さ
れず、通気性が悪く植物が生育しにくく、さらに、粒子
間の孔隙径が小さいため植物根が通過・貫入できず、生
長が阻害されるという欠点を有している。また、有機物
が多く微生物や小動物の活動が活発で、肥沃な畑地土壌
などでは、団粒構造が発達して排水性及び通気性並びに
保水性及び保肥性に富み、植物生育に適した土壌（団粒
土）であるが、団粒土の生成のためには良質な有機物の
長年の投与と、頻繁な耕起を必要とし、また踏圧などに
よって団粒構造が破壊される欠点を有している。When the particle size is extremely small like cohesive soil, the pores between the particles are also fine, so that a large amount of capillary water exists, but the ratio of effective water in the capillary water is not so large, and the drainage water is also small. Because the water is inferior, gravity water is not promptly removed, the air permeability is poor and plants do not grow easily, and because the pore diameter between particles is small, plant roots cannot pass through or penetrate, and growth is impaired. have. Also, in fertile upland soil, etc., which is rich in organic matter and active in microorganisms and small animals, has an aggregate structure that develops drainage and aeration, as well as water retention and fertilization, and is suitable for plant growth ( Aggregate soil), which requires long-term administration of high-quality organic matter and frequent plowing to produce aggregate soil, and has the drawback that the aggregate structure is destroyed by trampling. There is.

【００１４】これに対して、石炭灰は、多孔質体である
のみならず、均等係数が大きく、また、粒子形状が角張
って凹凸に富んでおり、さらに、粒子自体が強い構造を
有し、物理的にも、化学的にも崩壊しにくいことから、
土壌の構成材料の分離、移動による目詰まりや、踏圧に
よる固結が生じにくく、通気性及び排水性が低下しない
特徴を有している。On the other hand, coal ash is not only a porous material, but also has a large uniformity coefficient, its particles are angular and rich in irregularities, and the particles themselves have a strong structure. As it is hard to disintegrate both physically and chemically,
It has the characteristics that clogging due to separation and movement of soil constituent materials and solidification due to pedaling pressure do not easily occur, and that air permeability and drainage performance do not deteriorate.

【００１５】このように、粒子間の孔隙及び粒子内の連
通孔隙が、植物の生育の良否を決定する通気性、排水
性、保水性、保肥性という土壌の機能を決定する重要な
因子となるが、以下、孔隙径のサイズと各々が果たす役
割について説明する。As described above, the pores between particles and the communicating pores within particles are important factors that determine the function of soil such as air permeability, drainage property, water retention property and fertilization property, which determine the quality of plant growth. However, the size of the pore size and the role each plays will be described below.

【００１６】孔隙の大きさをその保水性と関係づけ、次
の３種類に区分する。 (1) 内部の水が毛管力では保持されず、重力によって排
除される大きな孔隙（非毛管孔隙：孔隙直径５０μｍ以
上に相当） (2) 内部の水が毛管力で保持され、植物根が容易に吸収
できる程度の毛管力の弱い中程度の孔隙（毛管孔隙：孔
隙直径０．５〜５０μｍに相当） (3) 内部の水が植物根が容易に吸収できない程度に、強
い力で拘束されている細かい孔隙（微細孔隙：孔隙直径
０．５μｍ以下に相当）The size of pores is related to the water retention property and classified into the following three types. (1) Large pores where internal water is not retained by capillary force and are eliminated by gravity (non-capillary pores: equivalent to a pore diameter of 50 μm or more) (2) Internal water is retained by capillary force, facilitating plant roots Medium pores with a weak capillary force that can be absorbed (capillary pores: equivalent to a pore diameter of 0.5 to 50 μm) (3) Being restrained with a strong force so that the water inside cannot be easily absorbed by the plant roots Fine pores (fine pores: equivalent to pore diameter 0.5 μm or less)

【００１７】そして、大孔隙は過剰な水を排除すること
が可能で、土壌の通気性を向上させることに役立ち、中
孔隙は速やかな排水や通気にはあまり貢献しないが、植
物根による水や養分の吸収に役立ち、微細孔隙は養分イ
オンなどの吸着や離脱を受け持つが、水や空気などの物
質移動に関しては閉鎖的な空間である。The large pores can remove excess water and help improve the air permeability of the soil, while the medium pores do not contribute much to rapid drainage and aeration, but water from plant roots It helps absorb nutrients, and the micropores are responsible for adsorption and desorption of nutrient ions, but are closed spaces for mass transfer of water and air.

【００１８】さらに、植物根の生長の面から見ると、一
般植物の二次根（主に水、養分、酸素を吸収する細根）
の直径は４〜１５０μｍで、この範囲にある孔隙径にお
いては植物根の生長が顕著で、この範囲外の孔隙径では
発達が劣るといわれる。このことより植物根の生長に適
する孔隙径は大孔隙のうちの細かい部分と中孔隙のうち
の粗い部分に相当する。From the viewpoint of plant root growth, secondary roots of general plants (fine roots that mainly absorb water, nutrients and oxygen)
It has a diameter of 4-150 μm, and it is said that the growth of plant roots is remarkable in the pore size in this range, and the development is inferior in the pore size outside this range. From this, the pore size suitable for plant root growth corresponds to the fine part of the large porosity and the coarse part of the medium porosity.

【００１９】ここで、本発明の植物育成用人工土壌の性
能を確認するための実験を行った。この実験は、植物育
成用土壌の性能のうち、排水性（通気性）を透水試験に
よって、保水性（保肥性）をｐＦ試験によって評価し
た。そして、ある単一径の粒子で構成される集合物につ
いて、通気性、保水性、植物根のサイズとの適合性につ
いて検討を行った。実験は、石炭灰Ａ（多孔質体）と石
英砂（非多孔質体）の各粒度範囲（(1)５〜７５μｍ、
(2)７５〜１０６μｍ、(3)１０６〜２５０μｍ、(4)２
５０〜４２５μｍ、(5)４２５〜８５０μｍ、(6)８５０
〜２０００μｍ、(7)２０００〜４７５０μｍ）のもの
について、植物育成用土壌としての諸性質を比較した結
果を表１に示す。Here, an experiment was conducted to confirm the performance of the artificial soil for growing plants of the present invention. In this experiment, among the performances of the soil for growing plants, drainage (air permeability) was evaluated by a water permeability test, and water retention (fertility) was evaluated by a pF test. Then, the aggregate composed of particles of a certain single diameter was examined for air permeability, water retention, and compatibility with plant root size. The experiment was conducted in each particle size range of coal ash A (porous body) and quartz sand (non-porous body) ((1) 5 to 75 μm,
(2) 75-106 μm, (3) 106-250 μm, (4) 2
50-425 μm, (5) 425-850 μm, (6) 850
.About.2000 .mu.m, (7) 2000 to 4750 .mu.m), the results of comparison of various properties as soil for growing plants are shown in Table 1.

【００２０】[0020]

【表１】 [Table 1]

【００２１】この結果から以下のことが明らかとなっ
た。 (1) 保水性については、すべての単一径の粒子におい
て、石炭灰Ａの粒子内の連通孔隙の効果により、石炭灰
Ａは石英砂に比べ、１．０〜３．９倍の有効水分の保持
能力を有し、その倍率は粒子が粗いほど大きく、これ
は、(4)，(5)，(6)の粒径において特に顕著である。 (2) 排水性については、石炭灰Ａは石英砂に比べ、石炭
灰Ａの粒子内の連通孔隙及び表面の凹凸による排水効果
により、１．３〜４．９倍の透水係数を示し、その倍率
は粒子が細かいほど大きく、これは、(1)，(2)，(3)の
粒径において特に顕著である。From the results, the following things became clear. (1) Regarding water retention, in all particles of a single diameter, due to the effect of communicating pores in the particles of coal ash A, coal ash A has an effective water content of 1.0 to 3.9 times that of quartz sand. The larger the particle size, the larger the retention capacity is, and this is particularly remarkable in the particle sizes of (4), (5), and (6). (2) In terms of drainage, coal ash A exhibits 1.3 to 4.9 times the hydraulic conductivity compared to quartz sand due to the drainage effect of the communication pores in the particles of coal ash A and the unevenness of the surface. The finer the particles, the larger the magnification, and this is particularly remarkable in the particle sizes of (1), (2), and (3).

【００２２】以上の実験結果をまとめたものを図２に示
す。図２（ｃ）に示すように、通気性及び保水性が良
く、かつ植物根のサイズに合致した範囲を総合的に指数
化して評価すると、石炭灰Ａの場合、(2)，(3)，(4)，
(5)の粒径、すなわち、粒径が７５〜８５０μｍ、粒子
間の平均孔隙径が１２〜１３２μｍが植物の育成に適し
た範囲と考えられる。なお、この評価指数は、ある粒径
における通気性、保水性、植物根のサイズの３種類の機
能の積をその最大値で除したものである。A summary of the above experimental results is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2 (c), when the range which has good air permeability and water retention and matches the plant root size is comprehensively indexed and evaluated, in the case of coal ash A, (2), (3) ,(Four),
The particle size of (5), that is, the particle size of 75 to 850 μm and the average pore size between particles of 12 to 132 μm is considered to be a range suitable for plant growth. This evaluation index is the product of the three functions of air permeability, water retention, and plant root size at a certain particle size divided by its maximum value.

【００２３】次に、上記実験に用いた石炭灰Ａについ
て、５〜２０００μｍの粒径の範囲（表１における(1)
〜(6)）において、各粒径の混合割合を変化させて調合
した４種類の石炭灰Ａ調合材、別に調合した石炭灰Ｂ調
合材及び石炭灰Ｂ調合材に各種の保水材を添加したも
の、並びに従来よりゴルフ場グリーン造成用床土材料と
されるＵＳＧＡ規格砂に保水材としてピートモスを２０
容積パーセント混合したもの（ＵＳＧＡサンドと略記）
について、植物育成用土壌としての諸性質を比較した結
果を表２に示す。Next, for the coal ash A used in the above experiment, the particle size range of 5 to 2000 μm ((1) in Table 1)
In (6)), various kinds of water retention materials were added to the four types of coal ash A compounding materials prepared by changing the mixing ratio of each particle size, the coal ash B compounding material and the coal ash B compounding material prepared separately. And peat moss as a water retaining material on USGA standard sand which has been used as a ground soil material for golf course green construction.
Volume percent mixed (abbreviated as USGA Sand)
Table 2 shows the results of comparing various properties of the soil as a soil for growing plants.

【００２４】[0024]

【表２】 [Table 2]

【００２５】この結果から以下のことが明らかとなっ
た。 (1) 排水性に関しては、保水材を添加しないすべての調
合材がＵＳＧＡサンドより大きい。このうち、アメリカ
ゴルフ協会が規定する透水係数１５０〜６００ｍｍ／ｈ
ｒの範囲を満たすものは、石炭灰Ａ調合材のうちの細及
び最細並びに石炭灰Ｂ調合材である。また、通気性に関
しては、ＵＳＧＡサンドと比べ、石炭灰Ａ調合材のうち
の最粗及び粗がやや大きく、石炭灰Ａ調合材のうちの細
及び最細並びに石炭灰Ｂ調合材が小さいが、いずれも大
差ない。 (2) 保水性に関しては、すべての調合材がＵＳＧＡサン
ドより２．０〜３．２倍大きく、このなかでも保水材を
添加したものを除くと、石炭灰Ａ調合材のうちの最細が
最も大きい。 (3) 石炭灰に各種の保水材を添加した場合、保水性は若
干向上するが、その効果はほとんど期待できない。From this result, the following has become clear. (1) In terms of drainage, all compounded materials without water retention material are larger than USGA sand. Of these, the water permeability coefficient specified by the American Golf Association is 150 to 600 mm / h.
Those satisfying the range of r are the finest and finest of the coal ash A blending materials and the coal ash B blending materials. Regarding the air permeability, the coarsest and coarsest of the coal ash A mixed materials are slightly larger than the USGA sand, and the finest and finest of the coal ash A mixed materials and the coal ash B mixed material are small, There is no big difference in either case. (2) With respect to water retention, all of the mixed materials were 2.0 to 3.2 times larger than USGA Sand. Among them, except for those with added water-retaining material, the smallest of the coal ash A mixed materials was The largest. (3) When various water retention materials are added to coal ash, the water retention is slightly improved, but the effect can hardly be expected.

【００２６】以上の結果を総合的に判断すると、石炭灰
調合材、特に、石炭灰Ａ調合材のうちの細及び最細並び
に石炭灰Ｂ調合材は、ＵＳＧＡサンドと比べて優れた植
物育成用土壌として機能し、保水材を全く必要としない
ものであるということができる。Judging the above results comprehensively, the coal ash compounding materials, particularly the fine and finest of the coal ash A compounding materials and the coal ash B compounding materials are superior to USGA sand for plant growth. It can be said that it functions as soil and does not require any water retention material.

【００２７】以上の室内実験から得られた結果に基づい
て、本発明の植物育成用土壌の実用性を確認する目的
で、屋外圃場実験を行った。On the basis of the results obtained from the above-mentioned indoor experiment, an outdoor field experiment was conducted for the purpose of confirming the practicality of the plant growing soil of the present invention.

【００２８】実験は、石炭灰Ｂ0（無調整材）、石炭灰
Ｂ調合材（表２に記載のもので、調合コスト等を考慮
し、５μｍ以下及び２０００μｍ以上の粒径の石炭灰を
除いたもの）、パーライトＰ、自然土壌である比較的細
かい山砂Ｓを用いて実験圃場を造成し、高麗芝を植生
し、芝の生育性と床土の物理的特性に関し経時的な変化
を調査した。なお、芝の管理条件は、無潅水、無農薬と
した。In the experiment, coal ash B0 (unadjusted material), coal ash B blended material (as described in Table 2, and considering the blending cost etc., coal ash having a particle size of 5 μm or less and 2000 μm or more was removed. ), Pearlite P, and relatively fine mountain sand S, which is a natural soil, were used to construct an experimental field, vegetation of Koryo turf was conducted, and changes over time regarding the viability of turf and the physical characteristics of the soil were investigated. . The management conditions for turf were no irrigation and no pesticides.

【００２９】その結果から以下のことが明らかとなっ
た。 （芝の生育性等について） (1) 芝の被覆速さは、速い順に、石炭灰Ｂ調合材、石炭
灰Ｂ0、パーライトＰ、山砂Ｓであった。 (2) 病害については、ラージパッチが山砂Ｓに発生した
が、排水性に優れた石炭灰Ｂ調合材、石炭灰Ｂ0及びパ
ーライトＰには発生しなかった。 (3) ２期間に亘り調査した雑草の発生量は、石炭灰Ｂ調
合材、石炭灰Ｂ0及びパーライトＰは、山砂Ｓに比べ、
１．８〜２．８％、２．８〜１１．９％少なかった。The results revealed the following. (Regarding vegetative growth of grass) (1) The coating speed of grass was coal ash B compounding material, coal ash B0, pearlite P, and sand S in order of increasing speed. (2) Regarding the disease, a large patch occurred on the mountain sand S, but did not occur on the coal ash B compound material, the coal ash B0, and the pearlite P, which have excellent drainage properties. (3) Compared to the mountain sand S, the amount of weeds that was investigated over 2 periods was
It was 1.8 to 2.8%, 2.8 to 11.9% less.

【００３０】この結果から、石炭灰Ｂ調合材、石炭灰Ｂ
0及びパーライトＰは、植物の育成に当たって、無農薬
あるいは減農薬管理できる可能性があり、また、植物の
育成には石炭灰Ｂ調合材が最も適していることが明らか
となった。From these results, coal ash B compounding material, coal ash B
0 and pearlite P have the possibility of being able to control pesticide-free or pesticide-free in growing plants, and it was revealed that the coal ash B compounding material is most suitable for growing plants.

【００３１】（土壌の物理性について） (1) 排水性は、造成直後は、大きい順に、石炭灰Ｂ0、
石炭灰Ｂ調合材、パーライトＰ、山砂Ｓであった。ま
た、造成５ヵ月後は、石炭灰Ｂ0及び石炭灰Ｂ調合材に
は大きな変化がなく、パーライトＰは経時的に低下し、
山砂Ｓとほぼ同程度になった。 (2) 夏期の炎天下の地温（特に表面）の上昇は、小さい
順に、パーライトＰ、石炭灰Ｂ0、石炭灰Ｂ調合材、山
砂Ｓであった。(Physical properties of soil) (1) Immediately after construction, the drainage properties are, in descending order, coal ash B0,
It was a coal ash B compounding material, pearlite P, and mountain sand S. After 5 months of construction, there was no significant change in the coal ash B0 and the coal ash B compound material, and the pearlite P decreased with time.
Almost the same as the mountain sand S. (2) The rise of soil temperature (especially the surface) under hot weather in summer was ascending order of pearlite P, coal ash B0, coal ash B blending material, and sand S.

【００３２】この結果から、石炭灰Ｂ調合材及び石炭灰
Ｂ0は、パーライトＰと比較して、土壌の構成材料の分
離、移動による目詰まりや、踏圧による固結が生じにく
く、排水性の低下のない安定した土壌を構成し、また、
石炭灰Ｂ調合材、石炭灰Ｂ0及びパーライトＰは、粒子
構造（多孔性）に起因する断熱作用によって地温を安定
化させることが明らかとなった。From these results, the coal ash B compounding material and the coal ash B0 are less likely to cause clogging due to separation and movement of soil constituent materials and solidification due to trampling, as compared with pearlite P, resulting in poor drainage. Form a stable soil without
It was revealed that the coal ash B compounding material, the coal ash B0, and the pearlite P stabilize the soil temperature by the heat insulating effect due to the particle structure (porosity).

【００３３】植物育成用人工土壌に用いる石炭灰は、粒
子間の平均孔隙径が１２〜１３２μｍの範囲となるよう
に粒径が７５〜８５０μｍの範囲の単一径のものを用い
ることが望ましいが、これ以外に、以上の実験結果から
も明らかなとおり、調合コスト及び使用可能な石炭灰の
粒径の範囲を広くするとの観点から、各種の粒径の石炭
灰を特定の配合率に配合して用いることもできる。その
配合率は、実験結果から考えて、以下のように調整す
る。 石炭灰の粒径 ５〜 １０６μｍ（表２の(1)及び(2)）：１０〜２５重
量パーセント １０６〜 ４２５μｍ（表２の(3)及び(4)）：２５〜５
０重量パーセント ４２５〜２０００μｍ（表２の(5)及び(6)）：３０〜５
０重量パーセントAs the coal ash used for the artificial soil for growing plants, it is desirable to use a single particle having a particle size in the range of 75 to 850 μm so that the average pore size between particles is in the range of 12 to 132 μm. , In addition to this, as is clear from the above experimental results, from the viewpoint of widening the blending cost and the range of usable particle size of coal ash, coal ash of various particle sizes was compounded at a specific compounding ratio. Can also be used. The blending ratio is adjusted as follows in consideration of the experimental result. Particle size of coal ash 5 to 106 μm ((1) and (2) in Table 2): 10 to 25 weight percent 106 to 425 μm ((3) and (4) in Table 2): 25 to 5
0 weight percent 425-2000 μm ((5) and (6) in Table 2): 30-5
0 weight percent

【００３４】なお、本発明の植物育成用人工土壌は、粒
径を調整した石炭灰を単独で使用するほか、石炭灰を主
成分として用いる限り、パーライトその他の多孔質体を
併用したり、肥料、活着剤、成長促進剤、保肥材等の添
加物質を添加することもできる。In the artificial soil for growing plants of the present invention, coal ash having a controlled particle size is used alone, and as long as coal ash is used as a main component, pearlite or other porous material is used in combination or fertilizer is used. It is also possible to add an additive substance such as a viscous agent, a growth promoter and a fertilizer.

【００３５】[0035]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、従来廃棄処理していた
火力発電所、その他の事業所より産出する産業廃棄物で
ある石炭灰を用いるため、材料コスト及び造成コストを
低廉にすることができ、また、産業廃棄物の有効利用の
点でもきわめて有益である。また、本発明の植物育成用
人工土壌を構成する石炭灰は、多数の粒子内の連通孔隙
を有する多孔質体であるため、用いる石炭灰の粒径を調
整することにより、適度の通気性及び排水性に加え、保
水性及び保肥性を有し、植物を良好に生育させることが
可能な植物育成用人工土壌を提供することができる。そ
して、本発明の植物育成用人工土壌は、頻繁な肥料の散
布を必要とせず、また、石炭灰を構成材料として用いる
ため、雑草種子の混在がなく、長期間雑草の除去を必要
とせず、土壌を植物を良好に生育させる状態に維持する
ためのコストを低廉にすることができる。さらに、本発
明の植物育成用人工土壌は、適度な粗粒状態であるため
表面付近を乾燥状態に保つとともに、断熱作用によって
地温を安定化させ、これにより病害の発生を抑制するこ
とができる。このため、農薬の使用量を低減することが
でき、上述の肥料の使用量を低減することができること
と合わせて周辺環境に対する負荷を軽減し、また、産業
廃棄物の有効利用の点も含め、地球環境の改善に役立つ
ものである。また、本発明の植物育成用人工土壌を構成
する石炭灰は、均等係数が大きく、粒子形状が角張って
凹凸に富んでおり、さらに、物理的にも、また化学的に
も崩壊しにくいため、土壌の構成材料の分離、移動によ
る目詰まりや、踏圧による固結が生じにくく、通気性及
び排水性が低下することがない。According to the present invention, since coal ash, which is industrial waste produced from thermal power plants and other offices that have been conventionally disposed of, is used, the material cost and construction cost can be reduced. In addition, it is extremely beneficial in terms of effective utilization of industrial waste. Further, the coal ash that constitutes the artificial soil for plant cultivation of the present invention is a porous body having communicating pores in a large number of particles, so by adjusting the particle size of the coal ash to be used, appropriate air permeability and It is possible to provide an artificial soil for growing plants, which has water-retaining properties and fertilizing properties in addition to drainage properties and is capable of favorably growing plants. Then, the plant-cultivating artificial soil of the present invention does not require frequent application of fertilizer, and, since coal ash is used as a constituent material, there is no weed seed mixing, and long-term weed removal is not required, The cost for maintaining the soil in a condition in which plants can grow well can be reduced. Furthermore, since the artificial soil for growing plants of the present invention is in an appropriately coarse-grained state, the vicinity of the surface can be kept dry and the soil temperature can be stabilized by the adiabatic effect, thereby suppressing the occurrence of diseases. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of pesticide used, reduce the amount of the above-mentioned fertilizer used, reduce the load on the surrounding environment, and also include the point of effective use of industrial waste. It is useful for improving the global environment. Further, the coal ash constituting the plant-cultivating artificial soil of the present invention has a large even coefficient, the particle shape is angular and rich in irregularities, further, physically, and also because it is difficult to chemically collapse, The clogging due to the separation and movement of the soil constituent materials and the solidification due to the treading are unlikely to occur, and the breathability and drainage are not deteriorated.

【００３６】また、本第２発明によれば、植物の種類に
応じて、特定の通気性、排水性、保水性及び保肥性の機
能を有する各種の土壌を容易に調整することができる。According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to easily prepare various types of soil having specific air-permeability, drainage, water retention and fertilizer retention functions according to the type of plant.

【００３７】また、本第３発明によれば、使用可能な石
炭灰の粒径の範囲が広がることにより、産業廃棄物の有
効利用を図りながら、適度の通気性及び排水性に加え、
保水性及び保肥性を有し、植物を良好に生育させること
が可能な植物育成用人工土壌を提供することができる。Further, according to the third aspect of the present invention, since the range of the particle size of usable coal ash is widened, it is possible to effectively utilize the industrial waste, and in addition to the appropriate breathability and drainage,
It is possible to provide an artificial soil for cultivating plants, which has water retention and fertilizing properties and can favorably grow plants.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】（ａ）石炭灰（多孔質体の模式図）及び砂質土
（非多孔質体の模式図）を示す図である。FIG. 1A is a diagram showing coal ash (a schematic diagram of a porous body) and sandy soil (a schematic diagram of a non-porous body).

【図２】単一径の石炭灰の粒径と土壌の機能及び植物根
に対する機能の関係を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the particle size of coal ash having a single diameter and the functions of soil and functions for plant roots.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 石炭灰（多孔質体の模式図） １ａ 粒子間の孔隙 １ｂ 粒子内の連通孔隙 ２ 砂質土（非多孔質体の模式図） ２ａ 粒子間の孔隙 1 Coal ash (schematic diagram of porous body) 1a Porosity between particles 1b Communication pores in particle 2 Sandy soil (schematic diagram of non-porous body) 2a Pore between particles

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 牛尾 弘行 沖縄県那覇市小禄1370 (72)発明者 丸橋 尚司 大阪府堺市宮下町11−31 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Ushio 1370 Oroku, Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Shoji Maruhashi 11-31 Miyashita-cho, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 粒径を調整した石炭灰を主成分とするこ
とを特徴とする植物育成用人工土壌。1. An artificial soil for growing plants, which is mainly composed of coal ash having a regulated particle size. 【請求項２】 粒子間の平均孔隙径が１２〜１３２μｍ
の範囲となる、粒径が７５〜８５０μｍの範囲の単一径
の石炭灰で構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の植
物育成用人工土壌。2. The average pore diameter between particles is 12 to 132 μm.
2. The artificial soil for growing plants according to claim 1, wherein the artificial soil for plant growth has a particle diameter of 75 to 850 μm. 【請求項３】 粒径が５〜１０６μｍの石炭灰を１０〜
２５重量パーセント、１０６〜４２５μｍの石炭灰を２
５〜５０重量パーセント、４２５〜２０００μｍの石炭
灰を３０〜５０重量パーセント含有したことを特徴とす
る請求項１記載の植物育成用人工土壌。3. Coal ash having a particle size of 5 to 106 μm
25 weight percent, 2 to 106-425 μm of coal ash
The artificial soil for growing plants according to claim 1, which contains 5 to 50% by weight and 30 to 50% by weight of 425 to 2000 μm of coal ash.