JPH07294937A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07294937A JPH07294937A JP11168394A JP11168394A JPH07294937A JP H07294937 A JPH07294937 A JP H07294937A JP 11168394 A JP11168394 A JP 11168394A JP 11168394 A JP11168394 A JP 11168394A JP H07294937 A JPH07294937 A JP H07294937A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- alignment
- pair
- crystal display
- alignment film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、液晶表示素子に関
し、特に、広視野角特性を有する液晶表示素子に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device having wide viewing angle characteristics.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】表示素子においては、見る方向に関わら
ず、表示画像のコントラストや色が一定であることが望
ましい。しかし、液晶表示素子の場合には、見る方向に
応じて、液晶の向きが相対的に変化し、表示画像のコン
トラストや表示色が変化するという問題がある。即ち、
視野角が狭いという問題がある。このため、液晶表示素
子、特に、大型の液晶表示素子の場合には、その視野角
を広げる技術、即ち、広視野角技術は不可欠である。2. Description of the Related Art In a display device, it is desirable that the contrast and color of a display image be constant regardless of the viewing direction. However, in the case of the liquid crystal display element, there is a problem that the orientation of the liquid crystal relatively changes depending on the viewing direction, and the contrast and display color of the display image change. That is,
There is a problem that the viewing angle is narrow. Therefore, in the case of a liquid crystal display element, particularly a large-sized liquid crystal display element, a technique for widening the viewing angle, that is, a wide viewing angle technique is indispensable.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の広視野角技術と
しては、（１）１つの画素内で液晶の配向方向を異なら
す方法、（２）１つの画素内で液晶に印加する電圧を異
ならせる方法、（３）位相差補償板を用いて光学補償を
行う方法等が知られている。しかし、上記（１）の方法
は、配向膜の形成及び配向処理が複雑になる等の欠点が
あり、（２）の方法は電極構造が複雑になる等の欠点が
あり、また、（３）の方法は、液晶表示素子の部品点数
が増加するという欠点がある。As the conventional wide viewing angle technology, (1) a method of changing the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in one pixel, (2) a method of changing the voltage applied to the liquid crystal in one pixel There are known methods such as (3) optical compensation using a phase difference compensating plate. However, the method (1) has drawbacks such as complicated alignment film formation and alignment treatment, and the method (2) has drawbacks such as complicated electrode structure. The method (1) has a drawback that the number of parts of the liquid crystal display element increases.
【０００４】この発明は上記実状に鑑みてなされたもの
で、簡単な構成で、しかも、広視野角の液晶表示素子を
提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a liquid crystal display element having a simple structure and a wide viewing angle.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、この発明の第１の観点にかかる液晶表示素子は、そ
れぞれに互いに対向する電極が形成され、所定の間隔を
隔てて対向配置された一対の基板と、前記一対の基板の
前記それぞれの電極上に形成された一対の配向膜と、前
記一対の配向膜間に封止された液晶とを備え、前記電極
が対向する領域で画素を形成する液晶表示素子におい
て、前記一対の配向膜は、それぞれ所定の方向に配向処
理され、一方の配向膜の配向処理方向を一方の回転方向
に所定の角度回転させた方向に他方の配向膜の配向処理
が施され、前記液晶は、その分子が前記一方の配向膜か
ら他方の配向膜に向かって前記一方の回転方向にツイス
トして配向され、互いに対向する配向膜にそれぞれ近接
する液晶分子を互いに異なるチルト角で配向させる微小
領域を１つの前記画素内に複数形成したことを特徴とす
る。In order to achieve the above object, the liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect of the present invention is provided with electrodes facing each other, and is arranged to face each other with a predetermined interval. A pair of substrates, a pair of alignment films formed on the respective electrodes of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of alignment films are provided, and a pixel is formed in a region where the electrodes face each other. In the liquid crystal display element to be formed, the pair of alignment films are each subjected to an alignment treatment in a predetermined direction, and the alignment treatment direction of one alignment film is rotated in a predetermined angle to one rotation direction of the other alignment film. The liquid crystal is subjected to the alignment treatment, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned by twisting the molecules from the one alignment film toward the other alignment film in the one rotation direction, and the liquid crystal molecules close to the alignment films facing each other. Each other Characterized in that a plurality forming minute domains to align in a tilt angle to be one of the pixel.
【０００６】上記目的を達成するため、この発明の第２
の観点にかかる液晶表示素子は、それぞれに互いに対向
する電極が形成され、所定の間隔を隔てて対向配置され
た一対の基板と、前記一対の基板の前記それぞれの電極
上に形成され、それぞれ所定の方向に配向処理が施され
た一対の配向膜と、前記一対の配向膜間に封止された液
晶とを備え、前記電極が対向する領域で画素を形成する
液晶表示素子において、前記一対の配向膜はそれぞれ平
行に配向処理が施され、前記液晶は互いに対向する配向
膜間の一方の配向膜に隣接する液晶分子と他方の配向膜
に隣接する液晶分子とが互いに逆方向に傾いて配向し、
互いに対向する配向膜にそれぞれ近接する液晶分子を互
いに異なるチルト角で配向させる微小領域を１つの前記
画素内に複数形成したことを特許とする液晶表示素子。In order to achieve the above object, the second aspect of the present invention
In the liquid crystal display element according to the above aspect, electrodes facing each other are formed respectively, and a pair of substrates that are arranged to face each other with a predetermined space therebetween are formed on the respective electrodes of the pair of substrates, and each has a predetermined number. In a liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of alignment films that have been subjected to an alignment treatment in the direction of and a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of alignment films, and forming a pixel in a region where the electrodes face each other, The alignment films are subjected to alignment treatments in parallel, and in the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to one alignment film between the alignment films facing each other and the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the other alignment film are aligned in opposite directions. Then
A liquid crystal display element, wherein a plurality of minute regions for orienting liquid crystal molecules adjacent to alignment films facing each other at different tilt angles are formed in one pixel.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】上記構成とすることにより、この発明の第１及
び第２の観点にかかる液晶表示素子によれば、初期配向
状態においては、所定の位置で液晶分子が前記透明基板
の主面（平面）に対し平行に配向する。一方、電極間に
電圧を印加して液晶の配向状態を変化させると、液晶分
子が前記主面に対し平行に配向する位置がシフトし、こ
の位置が一方の透明基板側に位置する液晶ドメインと、
他方の透明基板側に位置する液晶ドメインとが画素領域
内に混在する状態となる。即ち、１画素内に配向状態の
異なった複数の液晶ドメインが形成されることになる。
このため、視野角が広くなる。With the above structure, according to the liquid crystal display element of the first and second aspects of the present invention, in the initial alignment state, the liquid crystal molecules are at a predetermined position in the main surface (planar surface) of the transparent substrate. ) Parallel to. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied between the electrodes to change the alignment state of the liquid crystal, the position where the liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to the main surface shifts, and this position is aligned with the liquid crystal domain located on one transparent substrate side. ,
The liquid crystal domain located on the other transparent substrate side is mixed in the pixel region. That is, a plurality of liquid crystal domains having different alignment states are formed in one pixel.
Therefore, the viewing angle becomes wide.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例にかかる液晶表示素子
を図面を参照して説明する。 （第１実施例）まず、この発明の第１実施例にかかるツ
イストネマティック（ＴＮ）型液晶表示素子の構成を図
１〜図５を参照して説明する。図１はこの実施例の液晶
表示素子の断面図、図２は画素電極と薄膜トランジスタ
を形成した基板の平面図、図３は配向処理方向と偏光板
の透過軸の位置を示す平面図、図４及び図５は液晶分子
の配向状態を説明するための概念図である。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A liquid crystal display device according to embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (First Embodiment) First, the structure of a twisted nematic (TN) type liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a substrate on which pixel electrodes and thin film transistors are formed, FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the alignment treatment direction and the position of the transmission axis of a polarizing plate, and FIG. 5 and 6 are conceptual diagrams for explaining the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules.
【０００９】この液晶表示素子は、アクティブマトリク
ス方式のものであり、一対の透明基板（例えば、ガラス
基板）１、２のうち、図１において下側の透明基板（以
下、下基板）１には透明な画素電極３と画素電極３に接
続されたＴＦＴ（薄膜トランジスタ）４とがマトリクス
状に配列形成されている。画素電極３は、例えば、一辺
が１００〜４００ｎｍのほぼ方形状のＩＴＯ電極等から
構成される。This liquid crystal display element is of an active matrix type, and of a pair of transparent substrates (for example, glass substrates) 1 and 2, a lower transparent substrate (hereinafter, lower substrate) 1 in FIG. Transparent pixel electrodes 3 and TFTs (thin film transistors) 4 connected to the pixel electrodes 3 are arranged in a matrix. The pixel electrode 3 is composed of, for example, a substantially rectangular ITO electrode whose one side is 100 to 400 nm.
【００１０】図２に示すように、画素電極３の行間にゲ
ートライン（走査ライン）５が配線され、画素電極３の
列間にデータライン（階調信号ライン）６が配線されて
いる。各ＴＦＴ４のゲート電極は対応するゲートライン
５に接続され、ドレイン電極は対応するデータライン６
に接続され、ソース電極は対応する画素電極３に接続さ
れている。ゲートライン５は端子部５ａを介して行ドラ
イバ（ゲートドライバ）２１に接続され、データライン
６は端子部６ａを介して列ドライバ（データドライバ）
２２に接続されている。As shown in FIG. 2, gate lines (scanning lines) 5 are arranged between the rows of the pixel electrodes 3, and data lines (gradation signal lines) 6 are arranged between the columns of the pixel electrodes 3. The gate electrode of each TFT 4 is connected to the corresponding gate line 5, and the drain electrode is corresponding to the data line 6
And the source electrode is connected to the corresponding pixel electrode 3. The gate line 5 is connected to the row driver (gate driver) 21 via the terminal portion 5a, and the data line 6 is connected to the column driver (data driver) via the terminal portion 6a.
It is connected to 22.
【００１１】図１において、上側の透明基板（以下、上
基板）２には、下基板１の各画素電極３と対向し、一定
の基準電圧が印加されている透明な対向電極７が形成さ
れている。各画素は画素電極３と対向電極７の対向部分
から形成される。下基板１の電極形成面には、表面に画
素電極３の大きさよりも小さい微小な凹凸が形成され、
液晶分子を所定のプレチルト角で配向させる配向膜（以
下、下配向膜）８が設けられている。また、上基板２の
電極形成面にも、表面に画素電極３の大きさよりも小さ
い微小な凹凸が形成され、液晶分子を所定のプレチルト
角で配向させる配向膜（以下、上配向膜）９が設けられ
ている。上下の配向膜９、８は、例えば、ポリイミド等
の有機高分子化合物から形成され、その対向面にはラビ
ング等の配向処理が施されている。配向膜８、９の凹凸
は、例えば、高さが０．１〜５．０μｍ、望ましくは、
０．２〜３．０μｍ、さらに望ましくは０．２〜１．０
μｍ程度で、ピッチが、例えば、０．１〜５．０μｍ程
度である。In FIG. 1, a transparent counter electrode 7 is formed on an upper transparent substrate (hereinafter, upper substrate) 2 so as to face each pixel electrode 3 of the lower substrate 1 and to which a constant reference voltage is applied. ing. Each pixel is formed from the opposing portion of the pixel electrode 3 and the counter electrode 7. On the electrode formation surface of the lower substrate 1, minute irregularities smaller than the size of the pixel electrode 3 are formed on the surface,
An alignment film (hereinafter, lower alignment film) 8 for aligning liquid crystal molecules at a predetermined pretilt angle is provided. Also, on the electrode formation surface of the upper substrate 2, minute unevenness smaller than the size of the pixel electrode 3 is formed on the surface, and an alignment film (hereinafter, upper alignment film) 9 for aligning liquid crystal molecules at a predetermined pretilt angle is formed. It is provided. The upper and lower alignment films 9 and 8 are made of, for example, an organic polymer compound such as polyimide, and the opposing surfaces thereof are subjected to an alignment treatment such as rubbing. The unevenness of the alignment films 8 and 9 has, for example, a height of 0.1 to 5.0 μm, and preferably,
0.2 to 3.0 μm, more preferably 0.2 to 1.0
The pitch is about 0.1 μm to about 5.0 μm.
【００１２】下基板１と上基板２は、その外周縁部にお
いて枠状のシール材１０を介して接着されている。下基
板１、上基板２、シール材１０で囲まれた領域には液晶
１１が封入されている。液晶１１はカイラル液晶が添加
されたネマティック液晶等からなる。下基板１と上基板
２の間隔（より正確には、上下の配向膜９、８の間隔＝
液晶層厚ｄ）は、ギャップ材１２により一定値に保持さ
れる。下基板１の下に偏光板（以下、下偏光板）１３が
配置され、上基板２の上に偏光板（以下、上偏光板）１
４が配置される。The lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2 are adhered to each other at their outer peripheral edges with a frame-shaped sealing material 10 interposed therebetween. Liquid crystal 11 is enclosed in a region surrounded by the lower substrate 1, the upper substrate 2, and the sealing material 10. The liquid crystal 11 is made of a nematic liquid crystal or the like to which a chiral liquid crystal is added. The distance between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2 (more accurately, the distance between the upper and lower alignment films 9 and 8 =
The liquid crystal layer thickness d) is kept at a constant value by the gap material 12. A polarizing plate (hereinafter, lower polarizing plate) 13 is arranged under the lower substrate 1, and a polarizing plate (hereinafter, upper polarizing plate) 1 is arranged on the upper substrate 2.
4 are arranged.
【００１３】次に、図３（Ａ）と（Ｂ）を参照して上下
の配向膜９、８の配向処理の方向９ａ、８ａと、液晶分
子のツイスト方向と、上下偏光板１４、１３の光軸の位
置関係について説明する。上配向膜９の配向処理の方向
（上配向処理方向）９ａは、例えば、図３（Ａ）に示す
ように、上基板２側（光の出射側）から見たときに下配
向膜８の配向処理の方向（下配向処理方向）８ａを基準
として、矢印Ａに示すように右回り方向に９０°旋回し
た方向に設定される。この場合、液晶１１には左旋性の
カイラル液晶（紙面裏側から表面に向かって進行する光
に対して液晶分子が左回りにねじれて配向するカイラル
液晶）を添加する。液晶１１はカイラル液晶の作用によ
り、その液晶分子が、上基板２側から見て下基板１から
上基板２に向けて矢印Ａと同様に右回り方向に９０°ツ
イストした状態で配向する。Next, referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the alignment treatment directions 9a and 8a of the upper and lower alignment films 9 and 8, the twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and the upper and lower polarization plates 14 and 13, respectively. The positional relationship of the optical axes will be described. The alignment treatment direction 9a of the upper alignment film 9 (upper alignment treatment direction) is, for example, as shown in FIG. 3A, when the lower alignment film 8 is viewed from the upper substrate 2 side (light emission side). With reference to the orientation process direction (lower orientation process direction) 8a, it is set in a direction in which it is turned 90 ° clockwise as indicated by arrow A. In this case, a levorotatory chiral liquid crystal (a chiral liquid crystal in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted and aligned counterclockwise with respect to light traveling from the back side of the paper toward the surface) is added to the liquid crystal 11. Due to the action of the chiral liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules 11 are aligned in a state in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 90 ° in the clockwise direction from the lower substrate 1 toward the upper substrate 2 as viewed from the upper substrate 2 side, as in the arrow A.
【００１４】あるいは、上配向処理方向９ａは、図３
（Ｂ）に示すように、上基板２側から見たときに下配向
方向８ａを基準として、矢印Ｂに示すように左回り方向
に９０°旋回した方向に設定される。この場合、液晶１
１には右旋性のカイラル液晶（紙面裏側から表面に向か
って進行する光に対して液晶分子が右回りにねじれて配
向するカイラル液晶）を添加する。液晶１１はカイラル
液晶の作用により、その液晶分子が、上基板２側から見
て下基板１から上基板２に向けて矢印Ｂと同様に左回り
方向に９０°ツイストした状態で配向する。Alternatively, the upper alignment treatment direction 9a is as shown in FIG.
As shown in (B), when viewed from the upper substrate 2 side, the lower orientation direction 8a is set as a reference, and as shown by an arrow B, it is set in a direction rotated 90 ° counterclockwise. In this case, the liquid crystal 1
To 1 is added a right-handed chiral liquid crystal (a chiral liquid crystal in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted and aligned clockwise with respect to light traveling from the back side of the paper toward the surface). Due to the action of the chiral liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules 11 are aligned in a state in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 90 ° in the counterclockwise direction from the lower substrate 1 toward the upper substrate 2 as viewed from the upper substrate 2 side, as in the arrow B.
【００１５】即ち、他方の基板（９）側から見て、一方
の配向膜（８）の配向処理方向（８ａ）を一方の回転方
向（右回転又は左回転）に回転させた方向に他方の基板
（９）の配向処理方向を設定し、配向膜（８、９）間の
液晶１１を一方の配向膜（８）から他方の配向膜（９）
に向かって、上記一方の回転方向（右回転又は左回転）
にツイスト配向させている。That is, when viewed from the other substrate (9) side, the alignment treatment direction (8a) of one alignment film (8) is rotated in one rotation direction (clockwise rotation or counterclockwise rotation) to the other. The alignment treatment direction of the substrate (9) is set, and the liquid crystal 11 between the alignment films (8, 9) is moved from one alignment film (8) to the other alignment film (9).
Towards one of the above rotation directions (clockwise or counterclockwise)
It has a twist orientation.
【００１６】いずれの場合も、下偏光板１３の光軸（透
過軸又は吸収軸）１３ａを下配向膜８の配向処理方向８
ａに対して平行又は直交させ、上偏光板１４の光軸（透
過軸又は吸収軸）１４ａを下偏光板１３の光軸１３ａに
平行又は直交させる。In any case, the optical axis (transmission axis or absorption axis) 13a of the lower polarizing plate 13 is set to the alignment treatment direction 8 of the lower alignment film 8.
The optical axis (transmission axis or absorption axis) 14a of the upper polarizing plate 14 is parallel or orthogonal to the optical axis 13a of the lower polarizing plate 13.
【００１７】図４は、液晶表示素子の厚さ方向における
液晶分子の配向状態（傾き）を説明するためのものであ
り、液晶分子のツイストを無視し、その層厚方向の傾き
だけを模式的に示した断面図であり、（Ａ）は液晶に電
界を印加していない状態の図、（Ｂ）、（Ｃ）は液晶に
電界を印加している状態の図である。FIG. 4 is for explaining the alignment state (tilt) of the liquid crystal molecules in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal display element, ignoring the twist of the liquid crystal molecules and schematically showing only the tilt in the layer thickness direction. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views shown in FIG. 4, where FIG. 7A is a diagram showing a state where no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal, and FIGS. 6B and 6C are diagrams showing a state where an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal.
【００１８】上記構成では、一方の配向膜（８）の配向
処理方向（８ａ）に対して他方の配向膜（９）の配向処
理方向（９ａ）を一方の回転方向（右回転又は左回転）
に所定の角度（９０°）回転させた方向として、液晶分
子を前記一方の配向膜（８）から他方の配向膜（９）に
向かって前記一方の回転方向にツイスト配向させてい
る。従って、上配向膜９近傍の液晶分子と下配向膜８近
傍の液晶分子では、配向処理方向に対するプレチルト角
の傾きが逆になる。このため、図４（Ａ）に模式的に示
すように、画素電極３と対向電極７間に電圧を印加して
いない状態では、上配向膜９近傍の液晶分子は右下がり
のプレチルト角もって配向し、下配向膜８近傍の液晶分
子は右上がりのプレチルト角をもって配向する。In the above structure, the orientation treatment direction (8a) of one orientation film (8) is set to one rotation direction (right rotation or left rotation) with respect to the orientation treatment direction (9a) of the other orientation film (9).
The liquid crystal molecules are twist-aligned in the one rotation direction from the one alignment film (8) toward the other alignment film (9) as a direction rotated by a predetermined angle (90 °). Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules near the upper alignment film 9 and the liquid crystal molecules near the lower alignment film 8 have opposite pretilt angles with respect to the alignment treatment direction. Therefore, as schematically shown in FIG. 4A, in a state where no voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 3 and the counter electrode 7, the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the upper alignment film 9 are aligned with a rightward pretilt angle. Then, the liquid crystal molecules in the vicinity of the lower alignment film 8 are aligned with an upward pretilt angle.
【００１９】即ち、上配向膜９近傍の液晶分子は、配向
処理方向９ａに対しプレチルト角θ１で配向し、下配向
膜８近傍の液晶分子は、配向処理方向８ａに対しプレチ
ルト角θ２で配向している。上配向膜９と下配向膜８は
同一の材料で形成され、プレチルト角θ１とθ２は２〜
５°、望ましくは、３°〜４°となるように設定されて
いる。That is, the liquid crystal molecules near the upper alignment film 9 are aligned at the pretilt angle θ1 with respect to the alignment treatment direction 9a, and the liquid crystal molecules near the lower alignment film 8 are aligned at the pretilt angle θ2 with respect to the alignment treatment direction 8a. ing. The upper alignment film 9 and the lower alignment film 8 are formed of the same material, and the pretilt angles θ1 and θ2 are 2 to
The angle is set to 5 °, preferably 3 ° to 4 °.
【００２０】チルト角φ１とφ２とが等しいとき、液晶
分子のチルト角は液晶１１の層の中央部に近づくに従っ
て小さくなり、ほぼ中央部分（ｘ１＝ｘ２）で、チルト
角は０°となり、液晶分子の長軸は基板１、２の主面に
ほぼ平行となる。上配向膜９と下配向膜８とは同一材料
で形成されているが、その表面に微細な凹凸が設けられ
ているので、基板１、２の平均面に対する液晶分子のチ
ルト角φ１、φ２は、同一にならず、また、チルト角φ
１、φ２の微差は配向膜面上でランダムに存在してい
る。また、上下配向膜９、８の表面の傾きが同一であっ
ても、その成膜条件、ラビング条件等によりプレチルト
角が異なるため、上下配向膜９、８のプレチルト角に微
差が生ずる。従って、チルト角が基板主面と平行となる
液晶分子の分子は上又は下の基板２、１側にわずかに片
寄っている。When the tilt angles φ1 and φ2 are equal, the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules becomes smaller toward the center of the layer of the liquid crystal 11, and the tilt angle becomes 0 ° at almost the center (x1 = x2). The long axis of the molecule is substantially parallel to the main surfaces of the substrates 1 and 2. The upper alignment film 9 and the lower alignment film 8 are formed of the same material, but since fine irregularities are provided on the surfaces thereof, the tilt angles φ1 and φ2 of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the average planes of the substrates 1 and 2 are , Not the same, and tilt angle φ
The slight difference between 1 and φ2 exists randomly on the alignment film surface. Further, even if the surfaces of the upper and lower alignment films 9 and 8 have the same inclination, the pretilt angles differ depending on the film forming conditions, the rubbing conditions, etc., so that there is a slight difference in the pretilt angles of the upper and lower alignment films 9 and 8. Therefore, the molecules of the liquid crystal molecules whose tilt angle is parallel to the main surface of the substrate are slightly offset to the upper or lower substrate 2, 1 side.
【００２１】画素電極３と対向電極７間に電圧が印加さ
れると（液晶分子に電界を印加されると）、その電圧に
応じて、エネルギーが最も低くなるように液晶分子の配
向状態が初期状態から変化する。このため、例えば、チ
ルト角φ１とφ２が、φ１＞φ２の関係にある場合に
は、図４（Ｂ）に示すように、液晶分子の過半数は配向
処理方向に対し右下がりに配向した状態となり、チルト
角が０°の液晶分子の位置は下基板１側にシフトする
（ｘ１＞ｘ２）。また、プレチルト角φ１とφ２が、φ
１＜φ２の関係にある場合には、図４（Ｃ）に示すよう
に、液晶分子の過半数は配向処理方向に対し右上がりに
配向した状態となり、チルト角が０°の液晶分子の位置
は上基板２側にシフトする（ｘ１＜ｘ２）。When a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 3 and the counter electrode 7 (when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal molecules), the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules is initially set so that the energy becomes the lowest according to the voltage. Change from state. Therefore, for example, when the tilt angles φ1 and φ2 have a relationship of φ1> φ2, as shown in FIG. 4B, the majority of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the downward right direction with respect to the alignment treatment direction. The position of the liquid crystal molecule having a tilt angle of 0 ° shifts to the lower substrate 1 side (x1> x2). Also, the pretilt angles φ1 and φ2 are
In the case of 1 <φ2, as shown in FIG. 4C, the majority of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the upward direction with respect to the alignment treatment direction, and the position of the liquid crystal molecules with the tilt angle of 0 ° is Shift to the upper substrate 2 side (x1 <x2).
【００２２】即ち、各画素の液晶分子は、電界無印加の
状態では、ほぼ図４（Ａ）に示すような配向状態にあ
り、電界が印加された状態では、チルト角φ１とφ２の
微妙な大小関係により、図４（Ｂ）と図４（Ｃ）に示す
ような配向状態のドメインが発生する。また、各ドメイ
ン内の基板の主面に平行な液晶分子の位置は、印加電界
の強度に対応する。That is, the liquid crystal molecules of each pixel are in an alignment state as shown in FIG. 4A when no electric field is applied, and when the electric field is applied, the tilt angles φ1 and φ2 are delicate. Due to the size relationship, domains in the orientation state as shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C are generated. Further, the position of the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the main surface of the substrate in each domain corresponds to the strength of the applied electric field.
【００２３】このため、画素電極３と対向電極７間に電
圧を印加した状態では、図５に例示するように、１つの
画素領域の中（１つの画素電極３と対向電極７間）に、
右上がりに配向した液晶分子が支配的な領域（ドメイ
ン）Ｄ１，Ｄ３と、右下がりに配向した液晶分子が支配
的な領域（ドメイン）Ｄ２，Ｄ４が混在することにな
る。即ち、１画素内に複数のドメインが形成される。従
って、基板主面の法線方向から入射した光に対しては、
ドメインＤ１〜Ｄ４の光学的効果には差が生じないが、
法線に対して斜めに入射した光に対してはドメインＤ１
とＤ３、Ｄ２とＤ４の液晶分子の配列状態が異なる。こ
のため、光学的効果が相違し、１画素中にコントラスト
が異なる微小領域が形成されるので、視野角が広くな
る。Therefore, in the state where a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 3 and the counter electrode 7, as illustrated in FIG. 5, in one pixel region (between one pixel electrode 3 and the counter electrode 7),
The regions (domains) D1 and D3 in which the liquid crystal molecules oriented to the upper right are dominant, and the regions D2 and D4 in which the liquid crystal molecules oriented to the lower right are dominant are mixed. That is, a plurality of domains are formed within one pixel. Therefore, for light incident from the direction normal to the main surface of the substrate,
Although there is no difference in the optical effects of the domains D1 to D4,
Domain D1 for light incident at an angle to the normal
And D3 and D2 and D4 have different alignment states of liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the optical effect is different, and a minute region having different contrast is formed in one pixel, so that the viewing angle is widened.
【００２４】そして、上記構成では、画素電極３と対向
電極７間に電圧を印加することにより、その印加電圧に
応じて、液晶１１のねじれ配向の状態が変化し、下偏光
板１３を通過した直線偏光は、印加電圧に応じてその偏
光面が回転される。下偏光板１３の透過軸が下配向膜８
の配向処理方向８ａに対し直交又は平行に設定され、さ
らに、上偏光板１４の透過軸が下偏光板１３の透過軸に
対し直交するように配置されているので、ツイストネマ
ティック型の液晶表示素子と同様に、液晶１１の層を出
射した光は上偏光板１４の透過軸を透過する状態又は吸
収軸に吸収される配向状態に制御され、白黒表示が可能
となる。In the above structure, when a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 3 and the counter electrode 7, the twisted alignment state of the liquid crystal 11 changes according to the applied voltage and passes through the lower polarizing plate 13. The plane of polarization of linearly polarized light is rotated according to the applied voltage. The transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate 13 is the lower alignment film 8
Is set to be orthogonal to or parallel to the alignment treatment direction 8a of the above, and is arranged so that the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 14 is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate 13, so that a twisted nematic liquid crystal display element is provided. Similarly to the above, the light emitted from the layer of the liquid crystal 11 is controlled to be in a state of being transmitted through the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 14 or in an alignment state of being absorbed by the absorption axis, so that black and white display is possible.
【００２５】配向膜８、９の表面に凹凸を形成するため
には、例えば、図９に示すように、微小な凹凸が内面に
形成された曇りガラス（擦りガラス）を基板１、２とし
て使用し、この凹凸が形成された面上に電極３、７、Ｔ
ＦＴ４等を形成し、その上に配向膜を８、９を形成すれ
ばよい。このようにすれば、ガラス基板１、２の凹凸に
対応した凹凸が配向膜８、９に形成される。In order to form unevenness on the surfaces of the alignment films 8 and 9, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, frosted glass (rubbed glass) having minute unevenness formed on the inner surface is used as the substrates 1 and 2. Then, the electrodes 3, 7, T are formed on the surface on which the unevenness is formed.
FT4 or the like may be formed, and alignment films 8 and 9 may be formed thereon. In this way, irregularities corresponding to the irregularities of the glass substrates 1 and 2 are formed on the alignment films 8 and 9.
【００２６】配向膜８、９の表面に凹凸を形成すると、
配向膜８、９をラビングする際に、図１０に示すように
ラビングドラム３１に取付けられた刷毛（布の毛先）３
２により凸部の片側は強くラビングされ、反対側は弱く
ラビングされるか又は全くラビングされていない。この
ため、配向処理の程度が異なる領域が１画素内に形成さ
れることとなり、配向状態の異なるドメインが形成され
やすくなる。When unevenness is formed on the surfaces of the alignment films 8 and 9,
When rubbing the alignment films 8 and 9, a brush (cloth tip) 3 attached to the rubbing drum 31 as shown in FIG.
According to 2, one side of the convex portion is strongly rubbed and the other side is weakly rubbed or not rubbed at all. Therefore, regions having different degrees of alignment treatment are formed in one pixel, and domains having different alignment states are easily formed.
【００２７】（第２実施例）第１実施例では、白黒表示
を実現したがであったが、同様の構成でカラー表示を可
能としてもよい。この場合、図６（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示す
ように、上下配向膜９、８の配向処理方向９ａ，８ａの
配置及び液晶分子のツイスト状態はそれぞれ図３に示し
た第１実施例の配置と同様である。ただし、下偏光板１
３の光軸１３ａを下配向膜８の配向処理方向８ａに対し
４５°に設定し、上偏光板１４の光軸１４ａを下偏光板
１３の光軸１３ａに対しほぼ直交（又は平行）に設定す
る。(Second Embodiment) Although the black and white display is realized in the first embodiment, color display may be possible with the same configuration. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the arrangement of the alignment treatment directions 9a and 8a of the vertical alignment films 9 and 8 and the twisted state of the liquid crystal molecules are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. It is similar to the arrangement. However, lower polarizing plate 1
The optical axis 13a of 3 is set to 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction 8a of the lower alignment film 8, and the optical axis 14a of the upper polarizing plate 14 is set substantially orthogonal (or parallel) to the optical axis 13a of the lower polarizing film 13. To do.
【００２８】このような構成によれば、下偏光板１３を
透過した直線偏光は液晶１１の層に入射すると、液晶１
１の複屈折の作用により、楕円偏光となる。液晶１１
は、その複屈折性に波長依存性があるため、光出射側の
偏光板１４を通過する光は特定波長に透過強度のピーク
をもつ光となり、着色する。従って、印加電圧を制御し
て、液晶分子の配向状態が変化して液晶１１の複屈折性
を制御し、光出射側の偏光板１４を通過する光のピーク
波長を制御することにより、任意の色を表示できる。ま
た、１つの画素領域内に配向状態の異なる複数のドメイ
ンが形成されるので、視野角が広くなる。According to this structure, when the linearly polarized light transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 13 enters the layer of the liquid crystal 11, the liquid crystal 1
Due to the effect of birefringence of 1, elliptically polarized light is obtained. Liquid crystal 11
Since its birefringence has wavelength dependency, light passing through the polarizing plate 14 on the light emitting side becomes light having a peak of transmission intensity at a specific wavelength and is colored. Therefore, by controlling the applied voltage, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules is changed, the birefringence of the liquid crystal 11 is controlled, and the peak wavelength of the light passing through the polarizing plate 14 on the light emitting side is controlled. Can display colors. In addition, since a plurality of domains having different alignment states are formed in one pixel region, the viewing angle becomes wide.
【００２９】（第３実施例）第１及び第２実施例では、
下配向膜８の配向処理方向８ａに対し上配向膜９の配向
処理方向９ａを直交させたが、例えば、図７に示すよう
に、配向処理方向８ａと９ａを平行且つ同一方向とし、
この液晶表示素子を電界制御複屈折効果型の液晶表示素
子としてもよい。この場合、液晶１１には液晶分子のね
じれを発生させるカイラル液晶を添加せず、液晶分子
は、平面的には配向処理方向に沿って平行に配向し（ツ
イスト角０°）、断面的には図４（Ａ）に示すように、
液晶分子が右下がりに配向した部分と右上がりに配向し
た部分が生ずる。(Third Embodiment) In the first and second embodiments,
Although the alignment treatment direction 9a of the upper alignment film 9 is orthogonal to the alignment treatment direction 8a of the lower alignment film 8, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the alignment treatment directions 8a and 9a are parallel and are the same.
This liquid crystal display element may be an electric field control birefringence effect type liquid crystal display element. In this case, the liquid crystal 11 is not added with a chiral liquid crystal that causes twist of liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to the alignment treatment direction in plan view (twist angle 0 °), and in cross section. As shown in FIG.
There are portions where the liquid crystal molecules are oriented downward to the right and portions where they are oriented upward to the right.
【００３０】この場合、下偏光板１３の透過軸１３ａを
下配向膜８の配向処理方向８ａに対し４５°に設定し、
上偏光板１４の透過軸１４ａを下偏光板１３の透過軸１
３ａに対しほぼ直交（又は平行）に設定する。このよう
な構成においても、下偏光板１３を透過した直線偏光は
液晶１１の層に入射すると、液晶１１の複屈折作用によ
り、楕円偏光となる。液晶１１は、その複屈折性に波長
依存性があるため、光出射側の偏光板１４を通過する光
は特定波長に透過強度のピークをもつ光となり、着色す
る。従って、印加電圧の制御に応じて、液晶分子の配向
状態が変化し、複屈折性を制御して任意の色を表示でき
る。また、１つの画素領域内に配向状態の異なる複数の
ドメインが形成されるので、視野角が広くなる。In this case, the transmission axis 13a of the lower polarizing plate 13 is set to 45 ° with respect to the alignment treatment direction 8a of the lower alignment film 8.
The transmission axis 14a of the upper polarizing plate 14 is the transmission axis 1 of the lower polarizing plate 13.
It is set substantially orthogonal (or parallel) to 3a. Even in such a configuration, when the linearly polarized light transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 13 enters the layer of the liquid crystal 11, it becomes elliptically polarized light due to the birefringence action of the liquid crystal 11. Since the liquid crystal 11 has wavelength dependency in its birefringence, light passing through the polarizing plate 14 on the light emitting side becomes light having a peak of transmission intensity at a specific wavelength and is colored. Therefore, the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules changes according to the control of the applied voltage, and birefringence can be controlled to display an arbitrary color. In addition, since a plurality of domains having different alignment states are formed in one pixel region, the viewing angle becomes wide.
【００３１】上記実施例では、液晶１１のツイスト角が
０°又は９０°の例を説明したが、ツイスト角は０°〜
３６０°のいずれでも良い。また、偏光板１３、１４の
光軸１３ａ、１４ａの配置は上記以外の配置としてもよ
い。なお、微小な凹凸を形成するのは、一方の配向膜８
又は９だけでもよい。In the above embodiment, the example in which the twist angle of the liquid crystal 11 is 0 ° or 90 ° has been described, but the twist angle is 0 ° to 0 °.
Any of 360 ° may be used. Further, the optical axes 13a and 14a of the polarizing plates 13 and 14 may be arranged other than the above. It is to be noted that one of the alignment films 8 is used to form the minute unevenness.
Alternatively, only 9 may be used.
【００３２】（第４実施例）上記実施例では、上下配向
膜９、８に微小な凹凸を設け、同一の材質で同一の配向
処理を施すことにより、下配向膜８に接する液晶分子の
チルト角と上配向膜９に接する液晶分子のチルト角をわ
ずかに異ならすようにしたが、上下配向膜９、８の対向
する部分のプレチルト角を異ならせることにより、１つ
の画素領域内に複数のドメインを形成するようにしても
よい。例えば、複数の配向材料の混合物により配向膜
８、９を形成することにより、１つの画素領域内で、図
８（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示すようにプレチルト角（θ１１〜
θ１４）が異なる領域を形成するようにしてもよい。こ
のような構成によれば、１つの画素領域内に図４（Ａ）
に示す配向状態のドメインと図４（Ｂ）に示す配向状態
のドメインを確実に混在させることができ、視野角を確
実に広げることができる。なお、配向処理の方向、偏光
板の光軸の位置等は第１〜第３実施例で示した配置と同
様である。(Fourth Embodiment) In the above embodiment, the vertical alignment films 9 and 8 are provided with minute irregularities, and the same alignment treatment is performed using the same material to tilt the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the lower alignment film 8. Although the tilt angle and the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the upper alignment film 9 are slightly different from each other, the pretilt angles of the facing parts of the upper and lower alignment films 9 and 8 are different from each other, so that a plurality of pixels can be formed in one pixel region. You may make it form a domain. For example, by forming the alignment films 8 and 9 with a mixture of a plurality of alignment materials, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the pretilt angles (θ11 to
You may make it form the area | region where (theta) 14 differs. With such a configuration, one pixel area can be displayed in FIG.
The domain in the alignment state shown in FIG. 4 and the domain in the alignment state shown in FIG. 4B can be surely mixed, and the viewing angle can be surely widened. The direction of the alignment treatment, the position of the optical axis of the polarizing plate, etc. are the same as the arrangements shown in the first to third embodiments.
【００３３】上記実施例では、ＴＦＴ（薄膜トランジス
タ）をアクティブ素子として用いたアクティブマトリク
ス方式の液晶表示素子を説明したが、本願発明は、ＭＩ
Ｍ（Metal Insulator Metal）等をアクティブ素子とし
て用いたアクティブマトリクス方式の液晶表示素子や、
単純マトリクス方式の液晶表示素子にも適用可能であ
る。上記実施例では、透過型の液晶表示素子について説
明したが、この発明は反射板を備えた反射型の液晶表示
素子にも適用可能である。反射板の位置は、例えば、下
基板１の内面と液晶１１の層の間（この場合、下偏光板
１３は不要）、下基板１の外面（この場合、下偏光板１
３は不要）、下偏光板１３の外側等、必要に応じて任意
に設定できる。In the above embodiment, the active matrix type liquid crystal display element using the TFT (thin film transistor) as the active element has been described.
An active matrix type liquid crystal display element using M (Metal Insulator Metal) or the like as an active element,
It is also applicable to a simple matrix liquid crystal display element. Although the transmissive liquid crystal display element has been described in the above embodiments, the present invention is also applicable to a reflective liquid crystal display element having a reflector. The position of the reflection plate is, for example, between the inner surface of the lower substrate 1 and the layer of the liquid crystal 11 (in this case, the lower polarizing plate 13 is unnecessary), and the outer surface of the lower substrate 1 (in this case, the lower polarizing plate 1).
3 is unnecessary), the outside of the lower polarizing plate 13 and the like can be arbitrarily set as needed.
【００３４】[0034]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明の液晶表
示素子によれば、簡単な構成で、しかも、１画素内に配
向状態の異なる複数の液晶ドメインを形成して視野角を
広げることができる。As described above, according to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, it is possible to widen the viewing angle by forming a plurality of liquid crystal domains having different alignment states in one pixel with a simple structure. it can.
【図１】この発明の一実施例にかかる液晶表示素子の断
面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】画素電極と薄膜トランジスタを形成した基板の
平面図である。FIG. 2 is a plan view of a substrate on which pixel electrodes and thin film transistors are formed.
【図３】上下配向膜の配向処理方向と液晶分子のツイス
ト状態を説明するための平面図である。FIG. 3 is a plan view for explaining an alignment treatment direction of upper and lower alignment films and a twisted state of liquid crystal molecules.
【図４】液晶の配向状態を説明するための図であり、
（Ａ）は電圧無印加時の液晶分子の配向状態を模式的に
示し、（Ｂ）と（Ｃ）は電圧印加時の液晶分子の配向状
態を示す。FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an alignment state of liquid crystals,
(A) schematically shows the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied, and (B) and (C) show the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied.
【図５】電圧印加時の液晶分子の配向状態を模式的に示
す図であり、１画素領域内に異なった配向状態のドメイ
ンが形成された状態を示す。FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied, showing a state in which domains having different alignment states are formed in one pixel region.
【図６】第２実施例にかかる液晶表示素子の上下配向膜
の配向処理方向及び上下偏光板の光軸の位置関係を示す
図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the alignment treatment directions of the upper and lower alignment films and the optical axes of the upper and lower polarization plates of the liquid crystal display element according to the second example.
【図７】第３実施例にかかる液晶表示素子の上下配向膜
の配向処理方向及び上下偏光板の光軸の位置関係を示す
図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between an alignment treatment direction of upper and lower alignment films and an optical axis of upper and lower polarization plates of a liquid crystal display element according to a third example.
【図８】第４実施例にかかる液晶表示素子を説明するた
めの図であり、場所毎に異なったプレチルト角を設定す
る配向膜を使用した例を示す。FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a liquid crystal display element according to a fourth example, showing an example in which an alignment film that sets a different pretilt angle for each location is used.
【図９】配向膜の表面に凹凸を形成した例を示す。FIG. 9 shows an example in which unevenness is formed on the surface of an alignment film.
【図１０】図９に示す配向膜のラビング処理を示す図で
ある。10 is a diagram showing a rubbing treatment of the alignment film shown in FIG.
１・・・下基板、２・・・上基板、３・・・画素電極、４・・・薄膜
トランジスタ、５・・・ゲートライン、６・・・データライ
ン、７・・・対向電極、８・・・下配向膜、９・・・上配向膜、
１０・・・シール材、１１・・・液晶、１２・・・ギャップ材、
１３・・・下偏光板、１４・・・上偏光板、２１・・・行ドライ
バ、２２・・・列ドライバ1 ... Lower substrate, 2 ... Upper substrate, 3 ... Pixel electrode, 4 ... Thin film transistor, 5 ... Gate line, 6 ... Data line, 7 ... Counter electrode, 8. ..Lower alignment film, 9 ... Upper alignment film,
10 ... Sealing material, 11 ... Liquid crystal, 12 ... Gap material,
13 ... Lower polarizing plate, 14 ... Upper polarizing plate, 21 ... Row driver, 22 ... Column driver
Claims (11)
れ、所定の間隔を隔てて対向配置された一対の基板と、
前記一対の基板の前記それぞれの電極上に形成された一
対の配向膜と、前記一対の配向膜間に封止された液晶と
を備え、前記電極が対向する領域で画素を形成する液晶
表示素子において、 前記一対の配向膜は、それぞれ所定の方向に配向処理さ
れ、一方の配向膜の配向処理方向を一方の回転方向に所
定の角度回転させた方向に他方の配向膜の配向処理が施
され、前記液晶は、その分子が前記一方の配向膜から他
方の配向膜に向かって前記一方の回転方向にツイストし
て配向され、互いに対向する配向膜にそれぞれ近接する
液晶分子を互いに異なるチルト角で配向させる微小領域
を１つの前記画素内に複数形成したことを特徴とする液
晶表示素子。1. A pair of substrates, each having electrodes facing each other, and facing each other with a predetermined space between them.
A liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of alignment films formed on the respective electrodes of the pair of substrates and a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of alignment films, and forming pixels in regions where the electrodes face each other. In the above, the pair of alignment films are each subjected to an alignment treatment in a predetermined direction, and the alignment treatment of the other alignment film is performed in a direction obtained by rotating the alignment treatment direction of one alignment film in one rotation direction by a predetermined angle. , The liquid crystal molecules are twisted and aligned from the one alignment film toward the other alignment film in the one rotation direction, and liquid crystal molecules close to the alignment films facing each other are tilted at different tilt angles. A liquid crystal display element, wherein a plurality of minute regions to be aligned are formed in one pixel.
れ、所定の間隔を隔てて対向配置された一対の基板と、
前記一対の基板の前記それぞれの電極上に形成され、そ
れぞれ所定の方向に配向処理が施された一対の配向膜
と、前記一対の配向膜間に封止された液晶とを備え、前
記電極が対向する領域で画素を形成する液晶表示素子に
おいて、 前記一対の配向膜は、互いに対向する配向膜に近接する
液晶分子を互いに異なるチルト角で配向させる微小領域
を１つの前記画素内に複数形成する配向膜表面を持ち、
且つ、一対の配向膜の一方の配向膜の配向処理方向を一
方の回転方向に所定の角度回転させた方向に他方の配向
膜の配向処理が施され、前記液晶は、その分子が前記一
方の配向膜から前記他方の配向膜に向かって前記一方の
回転方向にツイストして配向されていることを特徴とす
る液晶表示素子。2. A pair of substrates, each having electrodes facing each other, and facing each other with a predetermined space between them.
Formed on the respective electrodes of the pair of substrates, each comprising a pair of alignment films subjected to an alignment treatment in a predetermined direction, and a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of alignment films, the electrodes, In a liquid crystal display element in which pixels are formed in opposing regions, the pair of alignment films form a plurality of minute regions in one pixel in which liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the alignment films facing each other are aligned at different tilt angles. It has an alignment film surface,
And, the alignment treatment of the other alignment film is performed in a direction obtained by rotating the alignment treatment direction of one of the alignment films of the pair of alignment films in one rotation direction by a predetermined angle, and the liquid crystal has a molecule whose A liquid crystal display device, wherein the liquid crystal display element is twisted and aligned in the one rotation direction from the alignment film toward the other alignment film.
れ、所定の間隔を隔てて対向配置された一対の基板と、
前記一対の基板の前記それぞれの電極上に形成され、そ
れぞれ所定の方向に配向処理が施された一対の配向膜
と、前記一対の配向膜間に封止された液晶とを備え、前
記電極が対向する領域で画素を形成する液晶表示素子に
おいて、 前記一対の配向膜の一方の配向膜の配向処理方向を一方
の回転方向に所定の角度回転させた方向に他方の配向膜
の配向処理が施され、前記液晶は、その分子が前記一方
の配向膜から前記他方の配向膜に向かって前記一方の回
転方向にツイストして配向され、前記電極間に電圧が印
加された状態で前記基板の主面と平行な液晶分子が前記
一方の配向膜に近接した位置に配向する第１の微小領域
と、前記基板の主面と平行な液晶分子が前記他方の配向
膜に近接した位置に配向する第２の微小領域とを１つの
前記画素内に複数形成したことを特徴とする液晶表示素
子。3. A pair of substrates each having electrodes facing each other and facing each other at a predetermined interval.
Formed on the respective electrodes of the pair of substrates, each comprising a pair of alignment films subjected to an alignment treatment in a predetermined direction, and a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of alignment films, the electrodes, In a liquid crystal display element in which pixels are formed in opposed regions, the alignment treatment of one alignment film of the pair of alignment films is performed by rotating the alignment treatment of the other alignment film by a predetermined angle in one rotation direction. The molecules of the liquid crystal are aligned by twisting the molecules from the one alignment film toward the other alignment film in the one rotation direction, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes. A first minute region in which liquid crystal molecules parallel to the surface are aligned at a position close to the one alignment film, and a liquid crystal molecule parallel to the main surface of the substrate is aligned in a position close to the other alignment film. 2 minute areas within one pixel A liquid crystal display device characterized in that a plurality of liquid crystal display devices are formed.
れ、所定の間隔を隔てて対向配置された一対の基板と、
前記一対の基板の前記それぞれの電極上に形成され、そ
れぞれ所定の方向に配向処理が施された一対の配向膜
と、前記一対の配向膜間に封止された液晶とを備え、前
記電極が対向する領域で画素を形成する液晶表示素子に
おいて、 前記一対の配向膜はそれぞれ平行且つ同一方向に配向処
理が施され、前記液晶は互いに対向する配向膜間の一方
の配向膜に隣接する液晶分子と他方の配向膜に隣接する
液晶分子とが互いに逆方向に傾いて配向し、互いに対向
する配向膜にそれぞれ近接する液晶分子を互いに異なる
チルト角で配向させる微小領域を１つの前記画素内に複
数形成したことを特許とする液晶表示素子。4. A pair of substrates, each having electrodes facing each other, and facing each other with a predetermined gap therebetween.
Formed on the respective electrodes of the pair of substrates, each comprising a pair of alignment films subjected to an alignment treatment in a predetermined direction, and a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of alignment films, the electrodes, In a liquid crystal display device in which pixels are formed in opposite regions, the pair of alignment films are subjected to alignment treatment in parallel and in the same direction, and the liquid crystal is a liquid crystal molecule adjacent to one alignment film between alignment films facing each other. And liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the other alignment film are tilted in opposite directions to each other, and liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the facing alignment film are aligned in different tilt angles with each other in a plurality of minute regions in one pixel. A liquid crystal display element whose patent is formed.
れ、所定の間隔を隔てて対向配置された一対の基板と、
前記一対の基板の前記それぞれの電極上に形成され、そ
れぞれ所定の方向に配向処理が施された一対の配向膜
と、前記一対の配向膜間に封止された液晶とを備え、前
記電極が対向する領域で画素を形成する液晶表示素子に
おいて、 前記一対の配向膜は、互いに対向する配向膜に近接する
液晶分子を互いに異なるチルト角で配向させる微小領域
を１つの前記画素内に複数形成する配向膜表面を持ち、
平行に配向処理が施され、前記液晶は前記一対の配向膜
の一方の配向膜に隣接する液晶分子と他方の配向膜に隣
接する液晶分子とが互いに逆方向に傾いて配向させたこ
とを特徴とする液晶表示素子。5. A pair of substrates, each having electrodes facing each other, and facing each other at a predetermined interval,
Formed on the respective electrodes of the pair of substrates, each comprising a pair of alignment films subjected to an alignment treatment in a predetermined direction, and a liquid crystal sealed between the pair of alignment films, the electrodes, In a liquid crystal display element in which pixels are formed in opposing regions, the pair of alignment films form a plurality of minute regions in one pixel in which liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the alignment films facing each other are aligned at different tilt angles. It has an alignment film surface,
An alignment treatment is performed in parallel, and in the liquid crystal, liquid crystal molecules adjacent to one alignment film of the pair of alignment films and liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the other alignment film are aligned in opposite directions to each other. Liquid crystal display device.
偏光板を備えていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至５の
いずれか１つに記載の液晶表示素子。6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising a pair of polarizing plates arranged with the pair of substrates sandwiched therebetween.
配置した偏光板と、前記一対の基板の外側の他方に配置
した反射板とを備えていることを特徴とする請求項１乃
至５のいずれか１つに記載の液晶表示素子。7. A polarizing plate disposed on at least one of the outer sides of the pair of substrates, and a reflection plate disposed on the other outer side of the pair of substrates. The liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims.
液晶分子のチルト角が、他方の他方の配向膜近傍の液晶
分子のチルト角より大きい領域と、他方の配向膜近傍の
液晶分子のチルト角が一方の配向膜近傍の液晶分子のチ
ルト角より大きい領域とを前記画素毎に複数形成するこ
とを特徴とする請求項１乃至７のいずれか１つに記載の
液晶表示素子。8. In the pair of alignment films, a region where a tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules near one alignment film is larger than a tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules near the other alignment film, and a liquid crystal near the other alignment film. 8. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of regions each having a tilt angle of molecules larger than a tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules near one of the alignment films are formed for each of the pixels.
微小領域毎に液晶分子のチルト角を異ならすための微細
な凹凸が形成された配向膜表面を有していることを特徴
とする請求項１乃至８のいずれか１つに記載の液晶表示
素子。9. An alignment film surface, wherein at least one of the pair of alignment films has fine unevenness for varying tilt angles of liquid crystal molecules in each of the fine regions. Item 9. The liquid crystal display device according to any one of items 1 to 8.
晶分子に対してプレチルト角が異なる複数の配向膜材料
を混合した複合膜から構成されることを特徴とする請求
項１乃至９のいずれか１つに記載の液晶表示素子。10. The composite film according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the pair of alignment films is composed of a composite film in which a plurality of alignment film materials having different pretilt angles with respect to liquid crystal molecules are mixed. 1. The liquid crystal display element according to item 1.
方が前記微小領域毎に液晶分子のチルト角を異ならすた
めの微細領域毎に異なる配向処理が施されていることを
特徴とする請求項１乃至１０のいずれか１つに記載の液
晶表示素子。11. A pair of alignment films, wherein at least one of the alignment films is subjected to a different alignment treatment for each fine region for varying the tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules in each of the fine regions. 11. The liquid crystal display element according to any one of 1 to 10.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11168394A JPH07294937A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Liquid crystal display element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11168394A JPH07294937A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Liquid crystal display element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07294937A true JPH07294937A (en) | 1995-11-10 |
Family
ID=14567539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11168394A Pending JPH07294937A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1994-04-28 | Liquid crystal display element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07294937A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0816905A2 (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Twisted nematic liquid crystal device |
| KR100359353B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2002-11-01 | 닛뽕덴끼 가부시끼가이샤 | Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same |
-
1994
- 1994-04-28 JP JP11168394A patent/JPH07294937A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0816905A2 (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-07 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Twisted nematic liquid crystal device |
| EP0816905A3 (en) * | 1996-06-26 | 1998-12-30 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Twisted nematic liquid crystal device |
| KR100359353B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2002-11-01 | 닛뽕덴끼 가부시끼가이샤 | Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2565639B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| KR100259474B1 (en) | Lcd device with hybrid array | |
| US7139055B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device having liquid crystal domains with radially-inclined orientation | |
| US6297866B1 (en) | In-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device | |
| JP4883521B2 (en) | Transflective liquid crystal display device | |
| JP3066255B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| JP3850002B2 (en) | Liquid crystal electro-optical device | |
| US20060146250A1 (en) | Lcd device having adjustable viewing angles | |
| KR100326838B1 (en) | Liquid crystal display panel and liquid crystal display device | |
| US20130258256A1 (en) | Display apparatus | |
| US6493054B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| TW200528881A (en) | Liquid crystal display device and electronic apparatus | |
| JP2004151525A (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| KR20040016404A (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| US7394512B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JPH07181493A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| US7382427B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JP2002214613A (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| JP2009168924A (en) | Liquid-crystal display device | |
| US6671018B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display with only portion of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in radial configuration | |
| JP4019906B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| JPH07294937A (en) | Liquid crystal display element | |
| JPH0829790A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JP3298216B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| KR20010060522A (en) | Liquid crystal displays |