JPH07281507A - Electrostatic charging member, electrostatic charger, image forming device and process cartridge - Google Patents
Electrostatic charging member, electrostatic charger, image forming device and process cartridgeInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07281507A JPH07281507A JP6096962A JP9696294A JPH07281507A JP H07281507 A JPH07281507 A JP H07281507A JP 6096962 A JP6096962 A JP 6096962A JP 9696294 A JP9696294 A JP 9696294A JP H07281507 A JPH07281507 A JP H07281507A
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- charging
- charged
- elastic layer
- voltage
- charging member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、帯電部材、帯電装置、
画像形成装置、及びプロセスカートリッジに関する。よ
り詳しくは、 ａ．電圧を印加し、被帯電体面に接触させて被帯電体を
帯電処理（除電処理も含む）する帯電部材、 ｂ．電圧を印加した帯電部材を被帯電体面に接触させて
被帯電体を帯電処理する帯電装置、 ｃ．像担持体に帯電工程を含む作像プロセスを適用して
画像形成を実行する画像形成装置、 ｄ．少なくとも、像担持体と、該像担持体の帯電処理手
段を包含し、画像形成装置に対して着脱されるプロセス
カートリッジ に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging member, a charging device,
The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus and a process cartridge. More specifically, a. A charging member that applies a voltage and contacts the surface of the body to be charged to charge the body to be charged (including static elimination processing), b. A charging device for charging an object to be charged by bringing a charging member to which a voltage is applied into contact with the surface of the object to be charged, c. An image forming apparatus that performs image formation by applying an image forming process including a charging step to an image carrier, d. The present invention relates to a process cartridge that includes at least an image carrier and a charging unit for the image carrier and that is attached to and detached from an image forming apparatus.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、例えば、電子写真プロセス・静電
記録プロセスなど、感光体・誘電体等の像担持体に該像
担持体を帯電処理する工程を含む画像形成プロセスを適
用して画像形成を実行する、複写機・レーザービームプ
リンター・静電記録装置等の画像形成装置においては、
被帯電体としての像担持体を帯電処理する手段機器とし
てコロナ放電により像担持体をコロナ帯電させる、非接
触式であるコロトロンやスコロトロン等のコロナ放電装
置が広く利用されていた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, image formation is performed by applying an image forming process including a step of charging an image carrier such as a photoconductor or a dielectric to an image carrier such as an electrophotographic process or an electrostatic recording process. In image forming apparatuses such as copiers, laser beam printers, electrostatic recording devices, etc.
As a device for charging an image bearing member as a member to be charged, a non-contact type corona discharge device such as a corotron or a scorotron that charges the image bearing member by corona discharge has been widely used.
【０００３】近時は接触式の帯電装置の利用が進められ
ている（特開昭５６−９１２５３号公報、同５６−１９
４３４９号公報、同６０−１４７７５６号公報等）。Recently, use of a contact type charging device has been promoted (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 56-91253 and 56-19.
No. 4349, No. 60-147756, etc.).
【０００４】接触帯電は電圧を印加した帯電部材を被帯
電体に当接させて被帯電体面を所要の電位に帯電するも
ので、コロナ放電装置に比べて、被帯電体面に所望の電
位を得るのに必要とされる印加電圧の低電圧化がはかれ
ること、帯電過程で発生するオゾン量がごく微量であり
オゾン除去フィルターの必要性がなくなること、そのた
め装置の排気系の構成が簡略化されること、メンテナン
スフリーであること、構成が簡単であること、等の長所
を有している。In the contact charging, a charging member to which a voltage is applied is brought into contact with an object to be charged so that the surface of the object to be charged is charged to a desired potential, and a desired potential is obtained on the surface of the object to be charged as compared with a corona discharge device. The required applied voltage is low, the amount of ozone generated in the charging process is very small, and the need for an ozone removal filter is eliminated, which simplifies the structure of the exhaust system of the device. It has the advantages of being maintenance-free and having a simple configuration.
【０００５】そこで、例えば電子写真装置・静電記録装
置等の画像形成装置において、感光体、誘電体等の像担
持体、転写材、その他の被帯電体を帯電処理する手段と
してコロナ放電装置に代わるものとして実用化がなされ
ている。Therefore, for example, in an image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus or an electrostatic recording apparatus, a corona discharge device is used as a means for charging a photoconductor, an image carrier such as a dielectric material, a transfer material, and other members to be charged. It has been put to practical use as an alternative.
【０００６】帯電部材としては一般にロール状のもの
（帯電ロール）が用いられている。該帯電ロールは通
常、特開昭６３−２１８９７２号・特開平１−７３３６
４号等に記載されているように、芯金と、該芯金の周囲
にロール状に設けた導電性弾性層と、更にその外周に順
次に設けた抵抗層と保護層（表層）で構成された多層構
造体である。As the charging member, a roll-shaped member (charging roll) is generally used. The charging roll is usually disclosed in JP-A-63-218972 and JP-A-1-7336.
As described in No. 4, etc., it is composed of a cored bar, a conductive elastic layer provided in a roll shape around the cored bar, and a resistance layer and a protective layer (surface layer) sequentially provided on the outer periphery thereof. Is a multi-layered structure.
【０００７】芯金は給電電極部材に兼用され、導電性弾
性層はベース層として用いられ、抵抗層は抵抗調整及び
耐電圧性を上げるために用いられ、保護層は下層側から
のオイルブリードを防止する等の目的で設けられる。The core metal is also used as a power supply electrode member, the conductive elastic layer is used as a base layer, the resistance layer is used for adjusting resistance and improving withstand voltage, and the protective layer is an oil bleed from the lower layer side. It is provided for the purpose of prevention.
【０００８】上記の層構成により帯電ロールの被帯電体
に対する帯電均一性及び耐電圧性の向上を図ることがで
きる。With the above layer structure, it is possible to improve the charging uniformity and the withstand voltage of the charging roll with respect to the member to be charged.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記従来の帯電部材と
しての多層構造の帯電ロールにおいて抵抗層及び保護層
は、有機溶剤に溶解したゴム又は樹脂にカーボン及び／
または導電性金属酸化物を分散した塗剤を導電性弾性層
面にコーティングし、乾燥して溶剤を蒸発させることで
形成される。In the conventional charging roll having a multi-layer structure as a charging member, the resistance layer and the protective layer are composed of rubber or resin dissolved in an organic solvent and carbon and / or
Alternatively, it is formed by coating the surface of the conductive elastic layer with a coating material in which a conductive metal oxide is dispersed, drying and evaporating the solvent.
【００１０】このような帯電部材としての帯電ロールは
次のような問題点があった。The charging roll as such a charging member has the following problems.
【００１１】．多層構成であるため工数や使用材料数
が多く、製造に手間を要し、またコスト高ともなる。[0011]. Since it has a multi-layered structure, the number of processes and the number of materials used are large, which requires time and labor for manufacturing and also increases the cost.
【００１２】．導電性のカーボンや金属酸化物を材料
として用いているため、帯電ロール自体の耐電圧性が不
足し、表層が通電破壊され電流リークを発生する場合が
あり、また被帯電体表面のピンホール・傷等（低耐圧欠
陥部）による電流リークが発生する場合もあるため、数
回のコーティングを要する膜厚が要求された。[0012]. Since conductive carbon or metal oxide is used as the material, the withstand voltage of the charging roll itself may be insufficient, and the surface layer may be broken due to electric current, resulting in current leakage. Since current leakage may occur due to scratches (low breakdown voltage defective portions), a film thickness that requires coating several times is required.
【００１３】電流リークにより電流が大量に流れる事態
を生じると、被帯電体にかかる電圧が低下して、電流リ
ーク部を中心として被帯電体の、帯電ロールとの接触ニ
ップ部全域に帯電不良を生じる。そのため、画像形成装
置にあっては像担持体上のその帯電不良部が出力画像上
において反転現像で黒いスジ状（黒スジ）の画像となっ
て現われ、画像品位が低下する。When a large amount of current flows due to current leakage, the voltage applied to the member to be charged decreases, and charging failure occurs in the entire contact nip portion of the member to be charged with the charging roller, centering on the current leakage portion. Occurs. Therefore, in the image forming apparatus, the defective charging portion on the image carrier appears as a black streak (black streak) image on the output image by reversal development, and the image quality is degraded.
【００１４】．また帯電ロールの耐久が進むにつれて
抵抗層及び保護層の抵抗が上昇する。そのため、画像形
成装置にあっては反転現像で黒色で塗りつぶした画像不
良（カブリ画像）が発生する場合がある。.. Further, the resistance of the resistance layer and the protection layer increases as the durability of the charging roll progresses. Therefore, in the image forming apparatus, an image defect (fogged image) filled with black may occur during reversal development.
【００１５】．更には帯電ロールの耐久が進むにつれ
て表層が汚染され、画像形成装置にあってはトナーや紙
粉等の付着で汚染されて反転画像で黒いひっかき傷跡
（黒スジ）の画像不良が発生する場合がある。.. Further, as the durability of the charging roll progresses, the surface layer is contaminated, and in the image forming apparatus, it may be contaminated by the adhesion of toner, paper dust, etc., and an image defect of black scratches (black streaks) may occur in the reverse image. is there.
【００１６】そこで本発明は上記乃至のような問題
点のない、即ち、容易・安価に製造可能で、被帯電体に
対する十分な帯電効率、帯電均一性を有し、しかもそれ
自体の耐電圧性、被帯電体表面にピンホール等の低耐圧
欠陥部による電流リーク防止性を有する帯電部材、該帯
電部材を用いた帯電装置、該帯電部材ないしは該帯電装
置を用いた画像形成装置もしくはプロセスカートリッジ
を提供するものである。Therefore, the present invention does not have the above-mentioned problems, that is, it can be easily and inexpensively manufactured, has sufficient charging efficiency and charging uniformity with respect to an object to be charged, and has its own withstand voltage property. A charging member having a current leakage prevention property due to a low withstand voltage defect portion such as a pinhole on the surface of a member to be charged; a charging device using the charging member; and an image forming apparatus or a process cartridge using the charging member or the charging device. It is provided.
【００１７】[0017]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、下記の構成を
特徴とする帯電部材、帯電装置、画像形成装置、及びプ
ロセスカートリッジである。The present invention is a charging member, a charging device, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge, which are characterized by the following configurations.
【００１８】（１）電圧を印加し、被帯電体面に接触さ
せて被帯電体を帯電処理する帯電部材であり、該帯電部
材は給電電極部材と、これに電気的に導通していて被帯
電体面に接触する導電性の弾性層からなり、該弾性層の
被帯電体との接触面の表面粗さは、その最大粗さＲmax
が０．０１〜０．５ｍｍであることを特徴とする帯電部
材。(1) A charging member for applying a voltage to the surface of the member to be charged to charge the member to be charged. The charging member is electrically connected to the power supply electrode member and electrically charged to the member. The surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer that is in contact with the body to be charged is a maximum roughness R max.
Is 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
【００１９】（２）弾性層の体積固有抵抗が１×１０3
Ω・ｃｍ〜１×１０11Ω・ｃｍである（１）に記載の帯
電部材。(2) The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10 3
The charging member according to (1), which has an Ω · cm to 1 × 10 11 Ω · cm.
【００２０】（３）弾性層の被帯電体との接触面の表面
粗さの凹凸が成形加工により形成されたものである
（１）または（２）に記載の帯電部材。(3) The charging member according to (1) or (2), wherein the unevenness of the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is formed by molding.
【００２１】（４）電圧を印加し、被帯電体面に接触さ
せて被帯電体面を帯電処理する帯電部材であり、該帯電
部材は中心部の芯金と、その外周部に形成された導電性
の弾性層からなるロール状部材であり、該弾性層の被帯
電体との接触面の表面粗さは、その最大粗さＲmax が
０．０１〜０．５ｍｍであることを特徴とする帯電部
材。(4) A charging member for applying a voltage to the surface of the body to be charged so as to charge the surface of the body to be charged. The charging member has a cored bar at the center and a conductive material formed on the outer periphery of the cored bar. Of the elastic layer, the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the body to be charged has a maximum roughness R max of 0.01 to 0.5 mm. Element.
【００２２】（５）弾性層の体積固有抵抗が１×１０3
Ω・ｃｍ〜１×１０11Ω・ｃｍである（４）に記載の帯
電部材。(5) The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10 3
The charging member according to (4), which has an Ω · cm to 1 × 10 11 Ω · cm.
【００２３】（６）弾性層の被帯電体との接触面の表面
粗さの凹凸が成形加工により形成されたものである
（４）または（５）に記載の帯電部材。(6) The charging member according to (4) or (5), wherein the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is formed by molding.
【００２４】（７）直流電圧または振動電圧が印加され
る（１）乃至（６）の何れかに記載の帯電部材。(7) The charging member according to any one of (1) to (6), to which a DC voltage or an oscillating voltage is applied.
【００２５】（８）振動電圧は、直流電圧を印加した時
の被帯電体の帯電開始電圧の２倍以上のピーク間電圧を
有する（７）に記載の帯電部材。(8) The charging member according to (7), wherein the oscillating voltage has a peak-to-peak voltage that is at least twice the charging start voltage of the member to be charged when a DC voltage is applied.
【００２６】（９）電圧を印加した帯電部材を被帯電体
面に接触させて被帯電体面を帯電処理する帯電装置であ
り、該帯電部材は給電電極部材と、これに電気的に導通
していて被帯電体面に接触する導電性の弾性層からな
り、該弾性層の被帯電体との接触面の表面粗さは、その
最大粗さＲmax が０．０１〜０．５ｍｍであることを特
徴とする帯電装置。(9) A charging device for charging the surface of an object to be charged by bringing a charging member to which a voltage is applied into contact with the surface of the object to be charged. The charging member is electrically connected to the power supply electrode member. The surface roughness of a contact surface of the elastic layer, which is in contact with the surface of the body to be charged and which contacts the surface of the body, is such that the maximum roughness R max is 0.01 to 0.5 mm. And charging device.
【００２７】（１０）弾性層の体積固有抵抗が１×１０
3 Ω・ｃｍ〜１×１０11Ω・ｃｍである（９）に記載の
帯電装置。(10) The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10.
The charging device according to (9), which has a resistance of 3 Ω · cm to 1 × 10 11 Ω · cm.
【００２８】（１１）弾性層の被帯電体との接触面の表
面粗さの凹凸が成形加工により形成されたものである
（９）または（１０）に記載の帯電装置。(11) The charging device according to (9) or (10), wherein the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is formed by molding.
【００２９】（１２）電圧を印加した帯電部材を被帯電
体面に接触させて被帯電体面を帯電処理する帯電装置で
あり、該帯電部材は中心部の芯金と、その外周部に形成
された導電性の弾性層からなるロール状部材であり、該
弾性層の被帯電体との接触面の表面粗さは、その最大粗
さＲmax が０．０１〜０．５ｍｍであることを特徴とす
る帯電装置。(12) A charging device for charging the surface of an object to be charged by bringing a charging member to which a voltage has been applied into contact with the surface of the object to be charged. The charging member is formed on a cored bar at the center and on the outer periphery thereof. A roll-shaped member comprising a conductive elastic layer, wherein the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged has a maximum roughness R max of 0.01 to 0.5 mm. Charging device.
【００３０】（１３）弾性層の体積固有抵抗が１×１０
3 Ω・ｃｍ〜１×１０11Ω・ｃｍである（１２）に記載
の帯電装置。(13) The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10
The charging device according to (12), which has a resistance of 3 Ω · cm to 1 × 10 11 Ω · cm.
【００３１】（１４）弾性層の被帯電体との接触面の表
面粗さの凹凸が成形加工により形成されたものである
（１２）または（１３）に記載の帯電装置。(14) The charging device as set forth in (12) or (13), wherein the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is formed by molding.
【００３２】（１５）直流電圧または振動電圧が印加さ
れる（９）乃至（１４）の何れかに記載の帯電装置。(15) The charging device according to any one of (9) to (14), to which a DC voltage or an oscillating voltage is applied.
【００３３】（１６）振動電圧は、直流電圧を印加した
時の被帯電体の帯電開始電圧の２倍以上のピーク間電圧
を有する（１５）に記載の帯電装置。(16) The charging device according to (15), wherein the oscillating voltage has a peak-to-peak voltage that is at least twice the charging start voltage of the member to be charged when a DC voltage is applied.
【００３４】（１７）像担持体に帯電工程を含む作像プ
ロセスを適用して画像形成を実行する画像形成装置であ
り、像担持体の帯電処理手段が、（９）乃至（１６）の
何れかに記載の帯電装置であることを特徴とする画像形
成装置。(17) An image forming apparatus for performing image formation by applying an image forming process including a charging step to an image carrier, wherein the image carrier charging processing means is one of (9) to (16). An image forming apparatus, which is the charging device described in 1.
【００３５】（１８）少なくとも、像担持体と、該像担
持体の帯電処理手段を包含し、画像形成装置に対して着
脱されるプロセスカートリッジであり、帯電処理手段
が、請求項１乃至同８の何れかに記載の帯電部材、若し
くは（９）乃至（１６）の何れかに記載の帯電装置であ
ることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。(18) A process cartridge which includes at least an image carrier and a charging unit for the image carrier and which is attachable to and detachable from an image forming apparatus, wherein the charging unit is any one of claims 1 to 8. A process cartridge comprising: the charging member according to any one of items 1 to 9 or the charging device according to any one of items (9) to (16).
【００３６】[0036]
【作用】即ち、本発明の帯電部材は基本的には給電電極
部材ないしは芯金と、導電性の弾性層の２部材からな
り、給電電極性部材ないしは芯金に電圧を印加し、導電
性の弾性層を被帯電体面に接触させることで被帯電体を
帯電処理する。That is, the charging member of the present invention is basically composed of two members, that is, a power feeding electrode member or a core metal and a conductive elastic layer, and a voltage is applied to the power feeding electrode member or the core metal to make the conductive member conductive. The charging target is charged by bringing the elastic layer into contact with the surface of the charging target.
【００３７】（ａ）この場合、弾性層の被帯電体との接
触面の表面粗さを最大粗さＲmax が０．０１〜０．５mm
とすることで、放電ポイントが増加し、それによって被
帯電体に対する帯電効率・均一帯電性が上がり、安定し
た帯電部材を得ることができる。(A) In this case, the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged has a maximum roughness R max of 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
By so doing, the number of discharge points is increased, and thereby the charging efficiency and uniform charging property with respect to the body to be charged are improved, and a stable charging member can be obtained.
【００３８】（ｂ）また、被帯電体に接触する弾性層の
表面が上記のように粗れていることで、これを接触させ
た被帯電体面との間にエアギャップができ、そのエアギ
ャップが抵抗層となることで、帯電部材自体に耐電圧性
が具備され、該帯電部材自体の電流リークが防止され、
また被帯電体表面のピンホール等の低耐圧欠陥部による
電流リークも防止される。(B) In addition, since the surface of the elastic layer that contacts the member to be charged is rough as described above, an air gap is created between the surface of the member to be contacted and the air gap. Is a resistance layer, the charging member itself is provided with a withstand voltage, current leakage of the charging member itself is prevented,
Further, current leakage due to a low breakdown voltage defective portion such as a pinhole on the surface of the body to be charged can be prevented.
【００３９】（ｃ）帯電部材は基本的には給電電極部材
ないしは芯金と、導電性の弾性層の２部材だけの構成で
あり、弾性層の表面に更に抵抗層や保護層を具備させな
くとも上記（ａ）や（ｂ）のように、帯電部材として具
備すべき、帯電効率、均一帯電性、耐電圧性、電流リー
ク防止性を具備するから、抵抗層や保護層を省略した弾
性層のみを具備させた帯電部材の製造・使用が可能とな
り、抵抗層や保護層の形成のためのコーティング工程等
の工数や使用材料を省くことができ、短時間に製造が容
易で、大幅な製造効率の向上効果が得られて量産性があ
り、低コスト化できる。(C) The charging member is basically composed of only two members, that is, a power feeding electrode member or a cored bar, and a conductive elastic layer, and the surface of the elastic layer is not provided with a resistance layer or a protective layer. Both of them have the charging efficiency, uniform charging property, withstand voltage property, and current leakage prevention property that should be provided as a charging member, as in the above (a) and (b). Therefore, the elastic layer without the resistance layer or the protective layer. Since it is possible to manufacture and use a charging member equipped with only, it is possible to save man-hours and materials used in the coating process for forming the resistance layer and the protective layer, and easy to manufacture in a short time. The efficiency improvement effect is obtained, mass production is possible, and the cost can be reduced.
【００４０】（ｄ）抵抗層や保護層を具備しないこと
で、これ等の層の耐久に伴う抵抗値上昇に起因する帯電
性能の低下を生じない。(D) Since the resistance layer and the protective layer are not provided, the charging performance does not deteriorate due to the increase in resistance value due to the durability of these layers.
【００４１】（ｅ）また、被帯電体に接触する弾性層の
表面が粗れていることで、帯電部材に付着するトナー・
紙粉等の汚染物はその凹凸粗面の凹部に入り込んで収容
されたような形となり帯電性に悪影響せず、長期にわた
って帯電部材の汚染による帯電性能の低下が防止され
る。(E) In addition, since the surface of the elastic layer that contacts the member to be charged is rough, toner that adheres to the charging member
Contaminants such as paper dust enter the recesses of the rough surface of the uneven surface and are stored in the recesses, which does not adversely affect the charging property and prevents deterioration of the charging performance due to contamination of the charging member for a long period of time.
【００４２】（ｆ）従って、このような帯電部材を用い
た帯電装置は長期にわたって優れた帯電性能を示す。ま
た該帯電部材ないしは該帯電装置を用いた画像形成装置
若しくはプロセスカートリッジは帯電不良あるいは帯電
性能の低下による黒スジやカブリ等の発生が長期にわた
って防止されて、良好な画像品位の画像形成物を安定に
出力させることができる。(F) Therefore, the charging device using such a charging member exhibits excellent charging performance for a long period of time. Further, in the image forming apparatus or process cartridge using the charging member or the charging device, generation of black stripes or fog due to poor charging or deterioration of charging performance is prevented for a long period of time, and an image formed product of good image quality is stabilized. Can be output to.
【００４３】（ｇ）弾性層の表面粗さに関して、表面粗
さの凹凸の山と谷の距離の最大値をＲmax とすると、前
記特定したようにＲmax が０．０１mm〜０．５mmであれ
ば上記（ａ）〜（ｆ）のような作用効果を得ることがで
きる。(G) With respect to the surface roughness of the elastic layer, when the maximum value of the distance between the peaks and valleys of the unevenness of the surface roughness is R max , R max is 0.01 mm to 0.5 mm as specified above. If it exists, the above-mentioned effects (a) to (f) can be obtained.
【００４４】Ｒmax が０．０１mm未満の場合は、帯電効
率が低下する。そのため画像形成装置にあっては反転現
像において画像面に砂を散らしたような画像不良（砂
地）又はカブリを生じてしまう。If R max is less than 0.01 mm, the charging efficiency will decrease. Therefore, in the image forming apparatus, image reversal development causes image defects (sand ground) such as sand scattered on the image surface or fog.
【００４５】またＲmax が０．５mmよりも大きい場合
は、 被帯電体面とのギャップが大きく不均一な帯電とな
る。そのため画像形成装置にあっては反転現像において
黒ポチ状（黒ポチ）や黒スジ等の画像不良が発生する。When R max is larger than 0.5 mm, the gap with the surface of the body to be charged is large and the charging is uneven. Therefore, in the image forming apparatus, image defects such as black spots (black spots) and black streaks occur during reversal development.
【００４６】（ｈ）弾性層の体積固有抵抗に関して、前
記特定したように１×１０3 Ω・cm〜１×１０11Ω・cm
であれば所定の効果が得られる。１×１０3 Ω・cm未満
の場合はリークが生じる。そのため画像形成装置にあっ
ては黒スジ等の画像不良が発生する。(H) Regarding the volume resistivity of the elastic layer, as specified above, 1 × 10 3 Ω · cm to 1 × 10 11 Ω · cm
If so, a predetermined effect can be obtained. If less than 1 × 10 3 Ω · cm, leakage occurs. Therefore, an image defect such as a black streak occurs in the image forming apparatus.
【００４７】また１×１０11Ω・cmより大きい場合は、
抵抗が大き過ぎるために、帯電効率が下がる。そのため
画像形成装置にあってはカブリ等の画像不良が発生す
る。If it is larger than 1 × 10 11 Ω · cm,
Since the resistance is too large, the charging efficiency is reduced. Therefore, image defects such as fogging occur in the image forming apparatus.
【００４８】（ｉ）弾性層の弾性材料としては、シリコ
ンゴム・エチレン−プロピレンゴム・フッ素ゴム・ウレ
タンゴム・エピクロルヒドリンゴム・アクリルゴム・天
然ゴム・イソプレンゴム・ブタジエンゴム・1、2-ポリブ
タジエン・スチレン−ブタジエンゴム・クロロプレンゴ
ム・ニトリルゴム・プチルゴム・クロロスルホン化ポリ
エチレン・多硫化ゴム等を用いることができる。(I) As the elastic material of the elastic layer, silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, fluororubber, urethane rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, acrylic rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, 1,2-polybutadiene, styrene -Butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polysulfide rubber, etc. can be used.
【００４９】弾性層を導電化するための導電性付与剤と
しては公知の素材が使用でき、例えば、カーボンブラッ
ク、グラファイトなどの炭素微粒子、ニッケル、銀、ア
ルミニウム、銅等の金属微粒子、酸化スズ、酸化亜鉛、
酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム、シリカなどを主成分と
し、これに原子価の異なる不純物イオンをドーピングし
た導電性金属酸化物微粒子、炭素繊維等の導電性繊維、
ステンレス繊維等の金属繊維、炭素ウイスカ、チタン酸
カリウムウイスカの表面を金属酸化物や炭素等により導
電化処理した導電性チタン酸カリウムウイスカなどの導
電性ウイスカおよびポリアニン、ポリピロール等の導電
性重合体微粒子などが挙げられる。Known materials can be used as the conductivity-imparting agent for making the elastic layer conductive, and examples thereof include carbon particles such as carbon black and graphite, metal particles such as nickel, silver, aluminum and copper, and tin oxide. Zinc oxide,
Titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, silica and the like as a main component, conductive metal oxide fine particles doped with impurity ions having different valences, conductive fibers such as carbon fibers,
Conductive whiskers such as conductive fiber such as stainless fiber, carbon whiskers, and potassium titanate whiskers whose surface is treated with a metal oxide or carbon for conductivity, and conductive polymer fine particles such as polyanine and polypyrrole. And so on.
【００５０】（ｊ）弾性層の被帯電体との接触面を前記
特定の表面粗さを有する凹凸粗面にする手段としては、
反転した凹凸を有する型内に導電性弾性体を射出するな
どの成形加工法を採用することができる。別法として、
ロール状に成形された弾性層の表面を２次加工により粗
すことにより凹凸を形成することもできる。具体的な手
段としては、例えば、弾性層の研磨、弾性層または弾性
層を作成するための型の機械加工、放電加工、ブラスト
エッチング、化学的処理などにより凹凸を形成すること
ができる。(J) As means for making the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged rough with the uneven surface having the specific surface roughness,
A molding processing method such as injecting a conductive elastic body into a mold having inverted concavities and convexities can be adopted. Alternatively,
It is also possible to form irregularities by roughening the surface of the elastic layer formed into a roll shape by secondary processing. As specific means, for example, the unevenness can be formed by polishing the elastic layer, machining the elastic layer or a mold for forming the elastic layer, electric discharge machining, blast etching, chemical treatment, and the like.
【００５１】[0051]
〈実施例１〉 （１）画像形成装置例 図１は接触帯電装置を用いた画像形成装置の一例の概略
図である。本例の画像形成装置は転写式電子写真プロセ
ス利用の、プロセスカートリッジ式のレーザービームプ
リンタである。Example 1 (1) Example of Image Forming Apparatus FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example of an image forming apparatus using a contact charging device. The image forming apparatus of this example is a process cartridge type laser beam printer using a transfer type electrophotographic process.
【００５２】１１は像担持体（被帯電体）としてドラム
状電子写真感光体（以下、感光ドラムと記す）であり、
矢示の時計方向Ｒに所定のプロセススピード（周速度）
をもって回転駆動される。Reference numeral 11 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member (hereinafter referred to as photosensitive drum) as an image bearing member (charged member),
Predetermined process speed (peripheral speed) in the clockwise direction R indicated by the arrow
Is driven to rotate.
【００５３】１はこの感光ドラム１１に所定の押圧力で
当接させた接触帯電部材としての帯電ロールであり、後
述するように、芯金２と、表面を粗面加工した導電性の
弾性層３からなるロールであり、不図示の軸受部材間に
回転自由に支持させてあり、感光ドラム１１の回転に伴
い従動回転する。Reference numeral 1 denotes a charging roll as a contact charging member which is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum 11 with a predetermined pressing force, and as will be described later, a cored bar 2 and a conductive elastic layer whose surface is roughened. The roller 3 is rotatably supported between bearing members (not shown) and is driven to rotate as the photosensitive drum 11 rotates.
【００５４】この帯電ロール１の芯金２に帯電バイアス
印加電源１Ａから所定の帯電バイアスが印加されること
で、回転感光ドラム１１面が接触帯電により所定の極性
・電位に一次帯電処理される。この帯電ロール１と電源
１Ａとで接触式ロール帯電装置が構成される。A predetermined charging bias is applied to the core metal 2 of the charging roll 1 from the charging bias applying power source 1A, so that the surface of the rotary photosensitive drum 11 is subjected to primary charging processing by contact charging to a predetermined polarity and potential. The charging roll 1 and the power source 1A constitute a contact type roll charging device.
【００５５】そしてその回転感光ドラム１１の一次帯電
処理面に対して、不図示のレーザースキャナから出力さ
れる、目的の画像情報の時系列電気デジタル画素信号に
対応して変調されたレーザー光による走査露光Ｌがなさ
れて、回転感光ドラム１１の面に目的の画像情報の静電
潜像が形成される。Then, the primary charging surface of the rotary photosensitive drum 11 is scanned by laser light which is output from a laser scanner (not shown) and which is modulated corresponding to the time-series electric digital pixel signal of the target image information. The exposure L is performed to form an electrostatic latent image of desired image information on the surface of the rotary photosensitive drum 11.
【００５６】次いで、その静電潜像が現像器１２により
反転現像されてトナー画像として可視化され、そのトナ
ー画像が、感光ドラム１１と転写ロール１３との圧接ニ
ップ部である転写部へ不図示の給紙部から所定のタイミ
ングで搬送された転写材Ｐに対して転写されていく。１
２Ａ・１３Ａはそれぞれ現像器１２の現像スリーブ１２
ａと、転写ロール１３に対して現像バイアス、転写バイ
アスを印加する電源である。Then, the electrostatic latent image is reversely developed by the developing device 12 to be visualized as a toner image, and the toner image is transferred to a transfer portion, which is a pressure nip portion between the photosensitive drum 11 and the transfer roll 13, not shown. The transfer material P is transferred to the transfer material P conveyed at a predetermined timing from the paper feeding unit. 1
2A and 13A are the developing sleeve 12 of the developing device 12, respectively.
a is a power supply for applying a developing bias and a transfer bias to the transfer roll 13.
【００５７】転写部でトナー画像の転写を受けた転写材
Ｐは回転感光ドラム１１から分離されて定着器１４へ導
入され、トナー画像の熱定着処理を受ける。The transfer material P having the toner image transferred at the transfer portion is separated from the rotary photosensitive drum 11 and introduced into the fixing device 14, where it is subjected to the heat fixing process of the toner image.
【００５８】転写材Ｐへのトナー画像転写後の回転感光
ドラム１１面はクリーナー１５のクリーニングブレード
１５ａにより転写残りトナー等の残留付着物の除去を受
けて清掃され、繰り返して作像に供される。After the transfer of the toner image onto the transfer material P, the surface of the rotary photosensitive drum 11 is cleaned by the cleaning blade 15a of the cleaner 15 to remove residual adhered substances such as transfer residual toner, and is repeatedly used for image formation. .
【００５９】本例装置は感光ドラム１１と、帯電ロール
１と、現像器１２と、クリーナー１５の４つのプロセス
機器を一括して装置本体に対して着脱自在のプロセスカ
ートリッジ１６としてある。プロセスカートリッジ１６
は装置本体に対して所定に装着されることにより、装置
本体側の駆動系及び電気系と接続化状態となる。The apparatus of this embodiment comprises a photosensitive drum 11, a charging roll 1, a developing device 12, and a cleaner 15 as a process cartridge 16 which is attachable to and detachable from the apparatus main body. Process cartridge 16
When the device is mounted on the device body in a predetermined manner, the device is connected to the drive system and the electrical system on the device body side.
【００６０】感光ドラム１１はドラム基体１１′の外周
面に、ＯＰＣ，アモルファスシリコン，セレン，酸化亜
鉛などの感光体層１１ｂを形成したものである。The photosensitive drum 11 is formed by forming a photosensitive layer 11b of OPC, amorphous silicon, selenium, zinc oxide or the like on the outer peripheral surface of a drum base 11 '.
【００６１】接触帯電装置による帯電のメカニズムは、
帯電部材による被帯電体への電荷注入よりも、帯電部材
と被帯電体との間のギャップの放電によるものの方が支
配的であることが確認されている。The mechanism of charging by the contact charging device is as follows.
It has been confirmed that the charge injection into the body to be charged by the charging member is caused by the discharge in the gap between the charging member and the body to be charged.
【００６２】従って、帯電開始電圧以上の直流電圧を帯
電部材に印加することで、放電を生じさせ、被帯電体を
帯電することが可能である（ＤＣ印加方式）。Therefore, by applying a DC voltage equal to or higher than the charging start voltage to the charging member, it is possible to cause discharge and charge the body to be charged (DC application method).
【００６３】また、目標帯電電位に相当する直流電圧に
交流電圧を重畳したもの等を振動電圧を印加することに
よって帯電のより均一化を図ることも可能である（ＡＣ
印加方式）。詳しくは、特開昭６３−１４９６６９号に
開示されるように直流電圧を帯電部材に印加した時の被
帯電体の帯電開始電圧の２倍以上のピーク間電圧を有す
る交番電界（振動電界）を帯電部材と被帯電体との間に
形成することで、被帯電体の帯電を均一にすることがで
きる。Further, it is also possible to make the charging more uniform by applying an oscillating voltage to a DC voltage corresponding to the target charging potential with an AC voltage superimposed thereon (AC).
Application method). Specifically, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-149669, an alternating electric field (oscillating electric field) having a peak-to-peak voltage that is at least twice the charging start voltage of the charged body when a DC voltage is applied to the charging member is used. By forming it between the charging member and the body to be charged, the body to be charged can be uniformly charged.
【００６４】（２）帯電ロール１ 本実施例で使用の帯電ロール１は、ロール射出成形型内
に中心芯金２として６φの鉄製軸をセットし、この型内
に、シリコンゴムに導電性カーボンを混練したシリコン
ゴム組成物を射出成形して１２φ×２２５mmの導電性ゴ
ムロール部３を成形し、弾性層であるゴムロール部３の
外周面を炭化ケイ素の砥石で研磨し、表面粗度の最大粗
さＲmax を２０μｍ（０．０２mm）としたものである。(2) Charging Roll 1 In the charging roll 1 used in this example, a 6φ iron shaft was set as the central core metal 2 in a roll injection molding die, and silicon rubber was used to make conductive carbon. Is molded into a conductive rubber roll portion 3 having a diameter of 12φ × 225 mm, and the outer peripheral surface of the rubber roll portion 3 which is an elastic layer is polished with a grindstone of silicon carbide to obtain the maximum surface roughness. The height R max is 20 μm (0.02 mm).
【００６５】ゴムロール部３の表面を研磨処理する前の
帯電ロール（１′）に図４のように幅１０mmのアルミ箔
４を密着させて巻き、芯金２と該アルミ箔４間に電源５
より直流２５０Ｖを印加し、そのとき流れる電流を電流
計２０により測定して芯金２とアルミ箔間の抵抗値を測
定した。以下、この抵抗値をロール抵抗と称する。As shown in FIG. 4, an aluminum foil 4 having a width of 10 mm is closely attached to the charging roll (1 ') before the surface of the rubber roll 3 is polished, and a power source 5 is provided between the core metal 2 and the aluminum foil 4.
A direct current of 250 V was applied, and the current flowing at that time was measured by the ammeter 20 to measure the resistance value between the core metal 2 and the aluminum foil. Hereinafter, this resistance value is referred to as a roll resistance.
【００６６】而して、研磨処理前の帯電ロール（１′）
のロール抵抗は、温度２３℃・相対湿度５５％の環境下
では〔１×１０5 Ω〕だった。Thus, the charging roll (1 ') before the polishing treatment
Roll resistance was [1 × 10 5 Ω] in an environment of a temperature of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 55%.
【００６７】また前記研磨処理後の帯電ロール１のロー
ル抵抗は上記と同じ環境下では〔５×１０5 Ω〕だっ
た。The roll resistance of the charging roll 1 after the polishing treatment was [5 × 10 5 Ω] in the same environment as above.
【００６８】この研磨処理後の帯電ロール１をキヤノン
（株）製ＥＰ−Ｌカートリッジに装着し、キヤノン
（株）製Ｌａｓｅｒｓｈｏｔ Ａ４０４を用いて、温度
１５℃・湿度１０％の環境下で画像出力耐久試験を行な
ったところ、初期から３５００枚にわたって安定した帯
電が得られることがわかった。The charging roll 1 after this polishing treatment was mounted on an EP-L cartridge manufactured by Canon Inc., and image output durability was maintained using a Lasershot A404 manufactured by Canon Inc. under an environment of a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 10%. As a result of a test, it was found that stable charging was obtained over the initial 3500 sheets.
【００６９】またこの帯電ロール１を図５の耐電圧測定
装置を用い、直流電圧を−７００Ｖで、温度２３℃・相
対湿度５５％の環境下にて印加したところ、通電破壊は
発生せず、高耐電圧性を有することがわかった。Further, when this charging roll 1 was applied under the environment of a DC voltage of -700 V and a temperature of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 55% using the withstand voltage measuring device of FIG. 5, no electrical breakdown occurred. It was found to have high withstand voltage.
【００７０】尚、図５の耐電圧測定装置において、５は
高圧電源（直流）、６はローパスフィルター、７はデジ
タルマルチメーター、８はレコーダー、９は金属ドラム
である。In the withstand voltage measuring apparatus of FIG. 5, 5 is a high voltage power source (direct current), 6 is a low pass filter, 7 is a digital multimeter, 8 is a recorder, and 9 is a metal drum.
【００７１】加えて、帯電ロール１を接触させた感光ド
ラム１１の感光体層１１ｂに１mmのピンホールをあけて
画像出力を行なった。温度１５℃・相対湿度１０％と、
温度３２．５℃・相対湿度８５％の両環境下で検討した
結果、何れも帯電不良は発生しなかった。In addition, a 1 mm pinhole was opened in the photoconductor layer 11b of the photoconductor drum 11 which was in contact with the charging roll 1 to output an image. With a temperature of 15 ° C and a relative humidity of 10%,
As a result of examination in both environments of temperature of 32.5 ° C. and relative humidity of 85%, no charging failure occurred.
【００７２】〈実施例２〉型内面をローレット加工して
あるロール射出成形型（パイプ型）の中央部にφ６の鉄
製芯金２をセットし、実施例１と同じシリコンゴム組成
物を射出成形して、弾性層としてのシリコンゴムロール
部３の外周面にローレット加工による最大粗さＲmax が
３８０μｍ（０．３８mm）の凹凸を付与した、図２の
（ａ）又は図３の（ａ）のような帯電ロール１を作成し
た。図２の（ｂ）及び図３の（ｂ）はそれぞれ図２の
（ａ）及び図３の（ａ）のロールの弾性層外面に付与さ
れたローレット加工面の部分的拡大斜視図である。Example 2 An iron core 2 of φ6 is set in the center of a roll injection mold (pipe type) whose inner surface is knurled, and the same silicone rubber composition as in Example 1 is injection molded. Then, unevenness having a maximum roughness R max of 380 μm (0.38 mm) by knurling is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the silicon rubber roll portion 3 as the elastic layer, as shown in FIG. 2 (a) or FIG. 3 (a). The charging roll 1 as described above was prepared. FIGS. 2B and 3B are partially enlarged perspective views of the knurled surface provided on the outer surface of the elastic layer of the rolls of FIGS. 2A and 3A, respectively.
【００７３】このローレット加工面を有する帯電ロール
１のロール抵抗を実施例１の帯電ロールの場合と同一方
法・同一環境下で測定したところ〔１．０×１０6 Ω〕
だった。The roll resistance of the charging roll 1 having this knurled surface was measured in the same method and under the same environment as the charging roll of Example 1 [1.0 × 10 6 Ω].
was.
【００７４】また、実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下で
耐久試験を行ったところ、初期から３５００枚にわたっ
て安定した帯電が得られることがわかった。Further, a durability test was conducted in the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, and it was found that stable charging was obtained over the initial 3500 sheets.
【００７５】さらに、実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下
で耐電圧を測定したところ、通電破壊は発生せず、高耐
電圧性を有することがわかった。Further, when the withstand voltage was measured in the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, it was found that no electric breakdown occurred and the device had a high withstand voltage.
【００７６】加えて、実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下
で、感光ドラムの感光体層上に１mmのピンホールを開け
た場合の画像を検討した結果、帯電不良は発生しなかっ
た。In addition, as a result of examining an image when a pinhole of 1 mm was opened on the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive drum in the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, no charging failure occurred.
【００７７】〈比較例１〉実施例１の、弾性層表面研磨
前の帯電ロール１′を実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下
で使用して画像出したところ、砂地カブリの帯電不良が
発生した。<Comparative Example 1> When the charging roll 1'before polishing the elastic layer surface of Example 1 was used and imaged using the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, a poor charging of sand fog occurred. did.
【００７８】また、実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下で
耐電圧を測定したところ通電破壊は発生せず、高耐電圧
性を有することがわかった。Further, when the withstand voltage was measured in the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, it was found that no electric breakdown occurred and the device had high withstand voltage.
【００７９】しかし、実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下
で感光ドラムの感光体層上に１mmのピンホールを開けた
場合の画像を検討した結果、黒スジの帯電不良が発生し
た。However, as a result of examining the image when a pinhole of 1 mm was opened on the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive drum in the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, defective charging of black streaks occurred.
【００８０】〈比較例２〉実施例１の、弾性層表面研磨
前の帯電ロール１′の上に、表層としてメトキシメチル
化ナイロン，メタノール・トルエン混合溶液（固形分１
４xt％）に体積固有抵抗が４Ω・cmの導電性酸化チタン
を樹脂１００重量部に対して７００部投入しサンドミル
装置で１５分間分散した液を浸漬塗工した。さらに１２
０℃で２時間乾燥して、乾燥後の膜厚２０μｍの表層を
形成して帯電ロールを作成した。<Comparative Example 2> A methoxymethylated nylon / methanol / toluene mixed solution (solid content: 1) was prepared as a surface layer on the charging roll 1'before polishing the elastic layer surface in Example 1.
(4xt%) 700 parts by weight of conductive titanium oxide having a volume resistivity of 4 Ω · cm was added to 100 parts by weight of the resin, and was dispersed by a sand mill for 15 minutes to perform dip coating. 12 more
After drying at 0 ° C. for 2 hours, a surface layer having a film thickness of 20 μm after drying was formed to prepare a charging roll.
【００８１】この帯電ロールについて実施例１と同一方
法・同一環境下でロール抵抗を測定したところ〔１．０
×１０6 Ω〕だった。The roll resistance of this charging roll was measured in the same method and in the same environment as in Example 1.
× 10 6 Ω].
【００８２】また、実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下で
耐久試験を行ったところ、１０００枚で画像黒スジが発
生し、帯電不良となることがわかった。Further, when a durability test was conducted under the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, it was found that image black streaks were generated on 1000 sheets, resulting in poor charging.
【００８３】さらに、実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下
で耐電圧を測定したところ、通電破壊が発生し、耐電圧
性に問題のあることがわかった。Further, when the withstand voltage was measured in the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, it was found that electric breakdown occurred and there was a problem with the withstand voltage.
【００８４】加えて、実施例１と同一方法・同一環境下
で感光ドラムの感光体層上に１mmのピンホールを開けた
場合の画像を検討した結果、３２．５℃・８５％環境下
で黒スジの帯電不良が発生した。In addition, as a result of examining the image when a 1 mm pinhole was opened on the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive drum in the same method and under the same environment as in Example 1, the result was 32.5 ° C. under 85% environment. Black stripes were not properly charged.
【００８５】以上の実施例１、同２、比較例１、同２の
各結果を表１にまとめて表わした。The results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 1.
【００８６】なお、実施例の帯電部材はロール形状のも
のであるが、ブレード形状のもの、パッド形状のものな
ど、他の形状・形態の帯電部材にも本発明は適用して同
様の効果を得ることができる。Although the charging member of the embodiment has a roll shape, the present invention can be applied to charging members having other shapes and forms such as a blade shape and a pad shape to obtain the same effect. Obtainable.
【００８７】[0087]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００８８】[0088]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
容易・安価に製造可能で、被帯電体に対する十分な帯電
効率、帯電均一性を有し、しかもそれ自体の耐電圧性、
被帯電体表面のピンホール等の低耐圧欠陥部による電流
リーク防止性を有する帯電部材を得ることができる。As described above, according to the present invention,
It can be easily and inexpensively manufactured, has sufficient charging efficiency and uniform charging for the charged object, and has its own withstand voltage.
It is possible to obtain a charging member having a current leak prevention property due to a low withstand voltage defect portion such as a pinhole on the surface of the member to be charged.
【００８９】そしてこのような帯電部材を用いた帯電装
置は長期にわたって優れた帯電性能を示す。A charging device using such a charging member exhibits excellent charging performance for a long period of time.
【００９０】また該帯電部材ないしは該帯電装置を用い
た画像形成装置若しくはプロセスカートリッジは帯電不
良あるいは帯電性能の低下による黒スジやカブリ等の発
生が長期にわたって防止されて、良好な画像品位の画像
形成物を安定に出力させることができる。Further, in the image forming apparatus or process cartridge using the charging member or the charging device, generation of black stripes, fog and the like due to poor charging or deterioration of charging performance is prevented for a long period of time, and an image having good image quality is formed. It can output things stably.
【図１】 画像形成装置例の概略図FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of an image forming apparatus.
【図２】 （ａ）は弾性層表面をローレット加工で凹凸
粗面とした帯電ロール（その１）の斜視図、（ｂ）はそ
の凹凸粗面の部分的拡大斜視図FIG. 2 (a) is a perspective view of a charging roll (part 1) in which an elastic layer surface is roughened by knurling, and FIG. 2 (b) is a partially enlarged perspective view of the rough textured surface.
【図３】 （ａ）は弾性層表面をローレット加工で凹凸
粗面とした帯電ロール（その２）の斜視図、（ｂ）はそ
の凹凸粗面の部分的拡大斜視図FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a charging roll (No. 2) in which an elastic layer surface is roughened by knurling, and FIG. 3B is a partially enlarged perspective view of the rough textured surface.
【図４】 ロール抵抗の測定要領図[Figure 4] Roll resistance measurement procedure diagram
【図５】 帯電ロールの耐電圧測定装置の概略図FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a withstand voltage measuring device for a charging roll.
１ 帯電ロール（帯電部材） ２ 芯金 ３ 導電性弾性層 １１ 感光ドラム（像担持体、被帯電体） Ｌ 画像露光光 １２ 現像器 １３ 転写ロール １４ 定着器 １５ クリーナー １６ プロセスカートリッジ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Charging roll (charging member) 2 Core metal 3 Conductive elastic layer 11 Photosensitive drum (Image bearing member, Charged member) L Image exposure light 12 Developing device 13 Transfer roll 14 Fixing device 15 Cleaner 16 Process cartridge
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 鈴木 泰行 茨城県稲敷郡茎崎町茎崎1888−２ キヤノ ン化成株式会社内 (72)発明者 塚本 忠紀 茨城県稲敷郡茎崎町茎崎1888−２ キヤノ ン化成株式会社内 (72)発明者 平井 義浩 茨城県稲敷郡茎崎町茎崎1888−２ キヤノ ン化成株式会社内 (72)発明者 岡 英児 茨城県稲敷郡茎崎町茎崎1888−２ キヤノ ン化成株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yasuyuki Suzuki 1888-2 Kukizaki Chemical Co., Ltd., Kashizaki-cho, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture (72) Inventor Tadanori Tsukamoto 1888-2 Kukinon Chemical, Kasuzaki-cho, Kashizaki-cho, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture Incorporated (72) Inventor Yoshihiro Hirai, Canon Chemical Co., Ltd., 1888-2 Kukizaki, Kizakizaki, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture (72) Inventor, Eiji Oka 1888-2, Kizaki, Kikizaki-cho, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture
Claims (18)
被帯電体を帯電処理する帯電部材であり、該帯電部材は
給電電極部材と、これに電気的に導通していて被帯電体
面に接触する導電性の弾性層からなり、該弾性層の被帯
電体との接触面の表面粗さは、その最大粗さＲmax が
０．０１〜０．５ｍｍであることを特徴とする帯電部
材。1. A charging member for applying a voltage to contact a surface of an object to be charged to charge the object to be charged, the charging member being a power supply electrode member and electrically connected to the electrode member. The surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is such that the maximum roughness R max is 0.01 to 0.5 mm. Element.
ｃｍ〜１×１０11Ω・ｃｍである請求項１に記載の帯電
部材。2. The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10 3 Ω ·
The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the charging member has a size of cm to 1 × 10 11 Ω · cm.
の凹凸が成形加工により形成されたものである請求項１
または同２に記載の帯電部材。3. The unevenness of the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is formed by molding.
Alternatively, the charging member described in 2 above.
被帯電体面を帯電処理する帯電部材であり、該帯電部材
は中心部の芯金と、その外周部に形成された導電性の弾
性層からなるロール状部材であり、該弾性層の被帯電体
との接触面の表面粗さは、その最大粗さＲmax が０．０
１〜０．５ｍｍであることを特徴とする帯電部材。4. A charging member for applying a voltage to contact a surface of an object to be charged to charge the surface of the object to be charged, the charging member comprising a core metal at a central portion and a conductive metal formed on an outer peripheral portion thereof. The surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is a roll-shaped member having an elastic layer, and the maximum roughness R max is 0.0.
A charging member having a length of 1 to 0.5 mm.
ｃｍ〜１×１０11Ω・ｃｍである請求項４に記載の帯電
部材。5. The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10 3 Ω ·
The charging member according to claim 4, wherein the charging member has a cm to 1 × 10 11 Ω · cm.
の凹凸が成形加工により形成されたものである請求項４
または同５に記載の帯電部材。6. The unevenness of the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is formed by molding.
Alternatively, the charging member described in 5 above.
求項１乃至同６の何れかに記載の帯電部材。7. The charging member according to claim 1, wherein a DC voltage or an oscillating voltage is applied.
帯電体の帯電開始電圧の２倍以上のピーク間電圧を有す
る請求項７に記載の帯電部材。8. The charging member according to claim 7, wherein the oscillating voltage has a peak-to-peak voltage that is at least twice the charging start voltage of the member to be charged when a DC voltage is applied.
接触させて被帯電体面を帯電処理する帯電装置であり、
該帯電部材は給電電極部材と、これに電気的に導通して
いて被帯電体面に接触する導電性の弾性層からなり、該
弾性層の被帯電体との接触面の表面粗さは、その最大粗
さＲmax が０．０１〜０．５ｍｍであることを特徴とす
る帯電装置。9. A charging device for charging a surface of an object to be charged by bringing a charging member to which a voltage is applied into contact with the surface of the object to be charged,
The charging member is composed of a power feeding electrode member and a conductive elastic layer that is in electrical contact with the power feeding electrode member and is in contact with the surface of the body to be charged. The surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the body to be charged is A charging device having a maximum roughness R max of 0.01 to 0.5 mm.
・ｃｍ〜１×１０11Ω・ｃｍである請求項９に記載の帯
電装置。10. The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10 3 Ω.
The charging device according to claim 9, wherein the charging device has a density of 1 to 10 11 Ω · cm.
さの凹凸が成形加工により形成されたものである請求項
９または同１０に記載の帯電装置。11. The charging device according to claim 9, wherein the unevenness of the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is formed by molding.
に接触させて被帯電体面を帯電処理する帯電装置であ
り、該帯電部材は中心部の芯金と、その外周部に形成さ
れた導電性の弾性層からなるロール状部材であり、該弾
性層の被帯電体との接触面の表面粗さは、その最大粗さ
Ｒmax が０．０１〜０．５ｍｍであることを特徴とする
帯電装置。12. A charging device for charging a surface of an object to be charged by bringing a charging member to which a voltage is applied into contact with the surface of the object to be charged, the charging member comprising a core metal at a central portion and a conductive material formed on an outer peripheral portion thereof. Is a roll-shaped member composed of a flexible elastic layer, and the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged has a maximum roughness R max of 0.01 to 0.5 mm. Charging device.
・ｃｍ〜１×１０11Ω・ｃｍである請求項１２に記載の
帯電装置。13. The volume resistivity of the elastic layer is 1 × 10 3 Ω.
The charging device according to claim 12, wherein the charging device has a density of 1 to 10 11 Ω · cm.
さの凹凸が成形加工により形成されたものである請求項
１２または同１３に記載の帯電装置。14. The charging device according to claim 12, wherein the unevenness of the surface roughness of the contact surface of the elastic layer with the member to be charged is formed by molding.
請求項９乃至同１４の何れかに記載の帯電装置。15. The charging device according to claim 9, wherein a DC voltage or an oscillating voltage is applied.
被帯電体の帯電開始電圧の２倍以上のピーク間電圧を有
する請求項１５に記載の帯電装置。16. The charging device according to claim 15, wherein the oscillating voltage has a peak-to-peak voltage that is at least twice the charging start voltage of the member to be charged when a DC voltage is applied.
スを適用して画像形成を実行する画像形成装置であり、
像担持体の帯電処理手段が、請求項９乃至同１６の何れ
かに記載の帯電装置であることを特徴とする画像形成装
置。17. An image forming apparatus for performing image formation by applying an image forming process including a charging step to an image carrier,
An image forming apparatus, wherein the charging means of the image carrier is the charging device according to any one of claims 9 to 16.
の帯電処理手段を包含し、画像形成装置に対して着脱さ
れるプロセスカートリッジであり、帯電処理手段が、請
求項１乃至同８の何れかに記載の帯電部材、若しくは請
求項９乃至同１６の何れかに記載の帯電装置であること
を特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。18. A process cartridge which includes at least an image carrier and a charging unit for the image carrier and which is attached to and detached from an image forming apparatus, wherein the charging unit is one of claims 1 to 8. A process cartridge comprising the charging member according to any one of claims 1 to 16, or the charging device according to any one of claims 9 to 16.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6096962A JPH07281507A (en) | 1994-04-11 | 1994-04-11 | Electrostatic charging member, electrostatic charger, image forming device and process cartridge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6096962A JPH07281507A (en) | 1994-04-11 | 1994-04-11 | Electrostatic charging member, electrostatic charger, image forming device and process cartridge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07281507A true JPH07281507A (en) | 1995-10-27 |
Family
ID=14178877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6096962A Pending JPH07281507A (en) | 1994-04-11 | 1994-04-11 | Electrostatic charging member, electrostatic charger, image forming device and process cartridge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07281507A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2010008850A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Oki Data Corp | Charging unit, developing unit, and image forming device |
| US7917064B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2011-03-29 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Charge roll, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, charging method, and cleaning method of charge roll |
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| US7917064B2 (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2011-03-29 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Charge roll, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, charging method, and cleaning method of charge roll |
| JP2010008850A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-01-14 | Oki Data Corp | Charging unit, developing unit, and image forming device |
| JP4598107B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-12-15 | 株式会社沖データ | Charging device, developing device, and image forming apparatus |
| US7970319B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2011-06-28 | Oki Data Corporation | Charging apparatus, print engine that incorporates the charging apparatus, and image forming apparatus that incorporates the print engine |
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