JPH07234539A - Toner for developing electrostatic charge image - Google Patents

Toner for developing electrostatic charge image

Info

Publication number
JPH07234539A
JPH07234539A JP6022626A JP2262694A JPH07234539A JP H07234539 A JPH07234539 A JP H07234539A JP 6022626 A JP6022626 A JP 6022626A JP 2262694 A JP2262694 A JP 2262694A JP H07234539 A JPH07234539 A JP H07234539A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
weight
molecular weight
parts
toner
toluene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP6022626A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kunio Akimoto
国夫 秋本
Tatsuya Nagase
達也 長瀬
Takeshi Uchida
剛 内田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konica Minolta Inc
Original Assignee
Konica Minolta Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Konica Minolta Inc filed Critical Konica Minolta Inc
Priority to JP6022626A priority Critical patent/JPH07234539A/en
Publication of JPH07234539A publication Critical patent/JPH07234539A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide toner which enables low temperature fixing to be effected, has a wide fixable area, favorable grindability, good yield, and high productivity at the time of manufacture, and hard to be overground by stirring in a developing device and prevents fog and toner scattering. CONSTITUTION:Toner for developing an electrostatic charge image comprises binding resin and a coloring agent, wherein the binding resin is a vinyl polymer and has no tetrahydrofuran(THF) insoluble matter, permeation chromatography) for soluble matter, at least one maximum value is provided in the molecular weights of 5X10<3>-5X10<4> and 3.5X10<5>-1X10<6>, respectively, the maximum value or the shoulder is provided in the region of 1X10 <6>-5X10<6>, the minimum value is provided between the molecular weights of 5X10<4>-3.5X10<5>, and the ratio (H/L) of high molecular weight component (H) to the low molecular weight component (L) a little to the minimum value is 20/80-50/50.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、静電写真、電子写真、
静電印刷等に用いられる静電荷像現像用トナーに関する
ものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to electrostatic photography, electrophotography,
The present invention relates to an electrostatic charge image developing toner used for electrostatic printing or the like.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来より、静電荷像現像に用いられる現
像剤の開発は極めて盛んに行われており、数多くの特許
出願がなされている。此れらのうち本発明に関係するト
ナー結着樹脂の分子量分布に関するごく最近のもののみ
を挙げてみても、下記のものがある。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a developer used for electrostatic image development has been extremely actively developed and many patent applications have been filed. Of these, only the most recent ones relating to the molecular weight distribution of the toner binder resin relating to the present invention are listed below.

【0003】特開平5-170873号には、定着性と耐オフセ
ット性の両立を図るため、高分子量成分と低分子量成分
からなる2山分布のビニル重合体を用いる技術が提案さ
れており、かつ耐ブロッキング性並びに画像特性の向上
をもねらったものである。しかし、定着性能はある程度
の水準に達しているが、耐オフセット性能は不十分であ
り、さらに製造時の粉砕性が不十分で生産性の問題があ
る。
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 5-170873 proposes a technique using a bimodal vinyl polymer composed of a high molecular weight component and a low molecular weight component in order to achieve both fixing property and offset resistance. It is intended to improve blocking resistance and image characteristics. However, although the fixing performance has reached a certain level, the anti-offset performance is insufficient, and further the pulverizability at the time of production is insufficient, which causes a problem of productivity.

【0004】又、特開平5-6031号の発明はビニル系樹脂
が不溶分を有し、かつ混練時に再架橋するので、トナー
混練条件のコントロールが難しく、各種添加剤の分散が
不均一となってトナーとしての安定した特性が得られな
い。
Further, in the invention of JP-A-5-6031, since the vinyl resin has an insoluble content and re-crosslinks during kneading, it is difficult to control the toner kneading conditions and the dispersion of various additives becomes nonuniform. As a result, stable characteristics as a toner cannot be obtained.

【0005】特開平1-172844号では、高分子量成分が多
く使用されているが低分子量成分の分子量が小さいた
め、耐オフセット性が不十分であり、又トナーの機械的
強度が低い。このため現像器中での撹拌によりトナーが
過粉砕されてキャリアや器壁に付着し、帯電性能の低下
ひいてはカブリ発生、トナー飛散の原因となる問題点を
残している。
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-172844, a high molecular weight component is used in a large amount, but the low molecular weight component has a small molecular weight, so that the offset resistance is insufficient and the mechanical strength of the toner is low. For this reason, the toner is excessively pulverized by the stirring in the developing device and adheres to the carrier or the wall of the container, resulting in deterioration of the charging performance, fogging, and toner scattering.

【0006】特開平4-69666号には互いに、非相溶であ
るスチレン/アクリル系重合体とポリエステル系重合体
を混合し、テトラヒドロフラン不溶分が20重量%以下の
トナー樹脂を提案している。この樹脂はトナー製造時に
おける混練条件が厳しく、他の添加剤の混合が不均一と
なって安定な性能が得にくい。
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 4-69666 proposes a toner resin in which a styrene / acrylic polymer and a polyester polymer, which are incompatible with each other, are mixed with each other and the tetrahydrofuran insoluble content is 20% by weight or less. This resin has strict kneading conditions at the time of toner production, and mixing of other additives becomes non-uniform, so that stable performance is difficult to obtain.

【0007】特開昭57-178250号には、カルボキシル基
を有する重合体と分解性の金属化合物とを混練時に反応
させる技術が公開されている。しかし、重合体樹脂バイ
ンダ中への金属化合物の分散が不均一となり製造条件の
決定が困難であり、性能のバラツキをコントロールしに
くい。さらに耐オフセット性は良いものの、低温定着性
が悪いという欠点をもっている。
JP-A-57-178250 discloses a technique of reacting a polymer having a carboxyl group with a decomposable metal compound at the time of kneading. However, the dispersion of the metal compound in the polymer resin binder becomes non-uniform, making it difficult to determine the production conditions, and it is difficult to control variations in performance. Further, although it has a good offset resistance, it has a drawback that the low temperature fixing property is poor.

【0008】特開昭63-214760号においては、定着性と
耐オフセット性の両立を図るため、高分子量成分と低分
子量成分からなる2山分布のビニル重合体を用いる技術
において、低分子量成分にカルボン酸成分と多価金属化
合物とを反応させて、耐オフセット性を劣化させる事な
く、定着性を向上させる事を狙っている。この技術は定
着性向上の点である程度成功しているが、高速機から低
速機まで定着性と耐オフセット性の両立を完全に満たす
ものではない。
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-214760, in order to achieve both the fixability and the offset resistance, a technique using a bimodal vinyl polymer composed of a high molecular weight component and a low molecular weight component is used as the low molecular weight component. The aim is to improve the fixability by reacting the carboxylic acid component and the polyvalent metal compound without deteriorating the offset resistance. Although this technology has been successful to some extent in terms of improving fixability, it does not completely satisfy both fixability and anti-offset properties from high-speed machines to low-speed machines.

【0009】特開昭63-48059号では、重量平均分子量が
25,000以下の重合体と多価金属との塩を使用した重量平
均分子量が500,000以下のものを使用するとあるが、若
干定着範囲は広がるものの十分なものではない。
In JP-A-63-48059, the weight average molecular weight is
It is said that a salt of a polymer of 25,000 or less and a polyvalent metal is used, and a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 or less is used, but the fixing range is slightly widened, but it is not sufficient.

【0010】特開昭61-110155号及び同61-110156号で
は、分子量分布に1つの山を有する重合体を亜鉛などの
金属によりイオン架橋して分子量分布を広げている。し
かし、此れも十分な性能を持たすことに成功してはいな
い。
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 61-110155 and 61-110156, a polymer having one peak in the molecular weight distribution is ionically crosslinked with a metal such as zinc to broaden the molecular weight distribution. However, these have not succeeded in having sufficient performance.

【0011】以上のごとく現在においても低温低湿から
高温高湿まであらゆる条件下で、高速機から低速機まで
満足な性能が得られるまでには至っていないのが実情で
ある。
As described above, it is a reality that satisfactory performance is not obtained from high speed machines to low speed machines under all conditions from low temperature low humidity to high temperature high humidity.

【0012】[0012]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、第一
に低温定着が可能でかつ、定着可能領域が広い現像用ト
ナーの開発にある。第二に粉砕性が良好で収率の良い、
製造時における生産性の高い現像用トナーの開発にあ
り、さらには第三に現像器中での撹拌などにより、過粉
砕されることのすくない、カブリやトナー飛散のないト
ナーの提供にある。
An object of the present invention is, firstly, to develop a developing toner capable of low-temperature fixing and having a wide fixing area. Secondly, good pulverizability and good yield,
The present invention is to develop a developing toner having high productivity during manufacturing, and thirdly, to provide a toner that is not easily pulverized by stirring in a developing device and is free from fog and toner scattering.

【0013】[0013]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の目的は、下記構
成を採ることによって達成される。
The object of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following constitution.

【0014】(1) 少なくとも結着樹脂と着色剤とか
らなる静電荷像現像用トナーにおいて、結着樹脂がビニ
ル系重合体であり、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)不溶
分がなく、可溶分のGPCによる分子量分布測定におい
て分子量5×103〜5×104と3.5×105〜1×106にそれ
ぞれ少なくとも1つの極大値を有し、かつ1×106〜5
×106の範囲に極大値、又は、肩部を有し、分子量5×1
04〜3.5×105の間に極小値を有し、該極小値より高分子
量成分(H)と低分子量成分(L)の割合(H/L)が
20/80〜50/50であることを特徴とする静電荷像現像用
トナー。
(1) In the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image comprising at least a binder resin and a colorant, the binder resin is a vinyl polymer, there is no tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble matter, and the soluble matter is determined by GPC. In the molecular weight distribution measurement, each of the molecular weights of 5 × 10 3 to 5 × 10 4 and 3.5 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 6 has at least one maximum value and 1 × 10 6 to 5
Maximum value or shoulder in the range of × 10 6 and molecular weight of 5 × 1
It has a minimum value between 0 4 and 3.5 × 10 5 , and the ratio (H / L) of the high molecular weight component (H) and the low molecular weight component (L) is higher than the minimum value.
20/80 to 50/50 toner for developing electrostatic image.

【0015】(2) 前記ビニル系重合体樹脂が多価金
属化合物と反応して得られるイオン架橋樹脂からなり、
イオン架橋度が10〜45%である(1)に記載の静電荷像
現像用トナー。
(2) The vinyl polymer resin is an ion-crosslinked resin obtained by reacting with a polyvalent metal compound,
The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to (1), which has an ionic crosslinking degree of 10 to 45%.

【0016】上記結着樹脂ビニル系重合体において、分
子量5×103未満に極大値があると熔融時の粘弾性特性
が低くなり、トナーの耐オフセット性が低下する。又、
機械的な強度が弱いために現像器内での撹拌によりトナ
ーが過粉砕されてキャリア表面に付着し、キャリアの帯
電性能を劣化させてカブリやトナー飛散の原因となる。
In the above binder resin vinyl polymer, if the maximum value is less than 5 × 10 3 , the viscoelastic property at the time of melting is deteriorated and the offset resistance of the toner is deteriorated. or,
Since the mechanical strength is weak, the toner is excessively pulverized by the stirring in the developing device and adheres to the carrier surface, which deteriorates the charging performance of the carrier and causes fog and toner scattering.

【0017】又、1×106〜5×106の範囲に極大値、又
は、肩部を有することでトナーの耐オフセット性が大幅
に向上する。
Further, by having a maximum value or a shoulder in the range of 1 × 10 6 to 5 × 10 6 , the offset resistance of the toner is greatly improved.

【0018】この領域がイオン架橋樹脂であることが好
ましく、このことでトナー製造時の粉砕性が良好とな
り、かつ低温定着性を阻害することがない。
It is preferable that this region is an ion-crosslinking resin, which improves pulverizability during toner production and does not impair low-temperature fixability.

【0019】さらに分子量5×104〜3.5×105の間に極
小値を有し、この極小値より分子量の大きい高分子量成
分(H)と小さい低分子量成分(L)の割合H/Lが20
/80〜50/50であることでトナーの低温定着性と耐オフ
セット性及び粉砕性とのバランスが図れる。
Further, it has a minimum value between the molecular weights of 5 × 10 4 and 3.5 × 10 5 , and the ratio H / L of the high molecular weight component (H) having a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and the low molecular weight component (L) having a lower molecular weight is smaller than this minimum value. 20
When it is / 80 to 50/50, the low temperature fixing property of the toner can be balanced with the offset resistance and the pulverizability.

【0020】極大値の分子量、極小値の分子量、高分子
量成分(H)と低分子量成分(L)の割合H/L、イオ
ン架橋度はゲル・パーミエイション・クロマトグラフィ
ー(GPC)によって測定できる。
The maximum molecular weight, the minimum molecular weight, the ratio H / L of the high molecular weight component (H) and the low molecular weight component (L), and the degree of ionic crosslinking can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). .

【0021】極大値の分子量および極小値の分子量は、
数種の単分散ポリスチレン標準試料により作製された検
量線(分子量の対数と流出カウント数が直線となる範
囲)から算出できる。すなわち、得られたGPCチャー
トに示される極大値または極小値の流出カウント数が示
すポリスチレン換算分子量を言う。
The maximum molecular weight and the minimum molecular weight are
It can be calculated from a calibration curve (range in which the logarithm of the molecular weight and the outflow count number are linear) prepared from several kinds of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples. That is, it means the polystyrene reduced molecular weight indicated by the outflow count number of the maximum value or the minimum value shown in the obtained GPC chart.

【0022】高分子量成分(H)と低分子量成分(L)
の割合H/Lは、GPCチャートの分子量5×104〜3.5
×105の間にある極小値より高分子量の面積Hと低分子
量の面積Lとの比から算出できる(図1参照)。
High molecular weight component (H) and low molecular weight component (L)
The ratio H / L of the is 5 × 10 4 to 3.5 on the GPC chart.
It can be calculated from the ratio of the area H of high molecular weight and the area L of low molecular weight from the minimum value between × 10 5 (see Fig. 1).

【0023】本発明のビニル系樹脂は前記の極大値の分
子量、極小値の分子量、高分子量成分(H)と低分子量
成分(L)の割合H/L、イオン架橋度を有していれば
どのような製造法によって得られるものでもよい。具体
的には塊状重合法、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、乳化重合
法等が挙げられる。上記重合法の中でイオン架橋度のコ
ントロール容易性の観点から溶液重合法が好ましい。
The vinyl resin of the present invention has the maximum molecular weight, the minimum molecular weight, the ratio H / L of the high molecular weight component (H) to the low molecular weight component (L), and the degree of ionic crosslinking as described above. It may be obtained by any manufacturing method. Specific examples thereof include a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method and an emulsion polymerization method. Among the above polymerization methods, the solution polymerization method is preferable from the viewpoint of easy control of the degree of ionic crosslinking.

【0024】本発明のビニル系樹脂を得るには、極大値
の分子量5×103〜5×104の低分子量成分(L)および
極大値の分子量3.5×105〜1×106の高分子量成分
(H)の重合体を別々に合成して混合するか、またはい
ずれか一方の重合体を生成させる第1段目の重合を行
い、次いでもう一方の重合体を与える単量体に溶解して
第2段目の重合を行うことにより得られる。
In order to obtain the vinyl resin of the present invention, a low molecular weight component (L) having a maximum value of a molecular weight of 5 × 10 3 to 5 × 10 4 and a maximum value of a molecular weight of 3.5 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 6 is obtained. Polymers of the molecular weight component (H) are separately synthesized and mixed, or first-stage polymerization for producing one of the polymers is carried out, and then dissolved in a monomer which gives the other polymer. Then, it is obtained by carrying out the second stage polymerization.

【0025】本発明のビニル樹脂はイオン架橋度が10〜
45%であるビニル系樹脂から成っており、イオン架橋を
形成するために、その分子構造にカルボキシル基を有す
るビニル系単量体を使用する必要がある。カルボキシル
基を有するビニル系単量体としては、アクリル酸、β-
ジメチルアクリル酸、α-エチルアクリル酸、メタクリ
ル酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸
およびコハク酸、マロン酸、グルタル酸などの脂肪族ジ
カルボン酸もしくはフタル酸などの芳香族ジカルボン酸
と水酸基を有するアクリル酸もしくはメタクリル酸の誘
導体とのエステル化反応によって得られるハーフエステ
ル化合物等が挙げられる。カルボキシル基を有する単量
体はビニル系樹脂を得るための単量体組成物中に0.01〜
20重量%、好ましくは0.01〜10重量%の割合で使用され
る。そのほかに使用されるビニル基を有する単量体とし
ては特に制限されるものではないが、特にスチレン系単
量体、アクリル酸エステルもしくはメタクリル酸エステ
ル単量体が好ましい。
The vinyl resin of the present invention has an ionic crosslinking degree of 10-.
It is made of 45% vinyl resin, and it is necessary to use a vinyl monomer having a carboxyl group in its molecular structure in order to form ionic crosslinks. Vinyl-based monomers having a carboxyl group include acrylic acid, β-
Dimethylacrylic acid, α-ethylacrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid and succinic acid, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as malonic acid and glutaric acid, or aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid and hydroxyl groups And a half ester compound obtained by an esterification reaction with a derivative of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having The monomer having a carboxyl group is contained in the monomer composition for obtaining a vinyl resin in an amount of 0.01 to
It is used in a proportion of 20% by weight, preferably 0.01-10% by weight. Other vinyl group-containing monomers are not particularly limited, but styrene-based monomers, acrylic acid ester or methacrylic acid ester monomers are particularly preferable.

【0026】ビニル系樹脂のイオン架橋度は、10〜45%
であることが必要である。イオン架橋度が10%未満であ
ると、溶融時の粘弾性特性が低くなり、トナーの耐オフ
セット性が低下する。また機械的な強度が弱いために現
像器内での撹拌によりトナーが過粉砕されてキャリア表
面に付着し、キャリアの帯電性能を低下させてカブリや
トナー飛散が生じる原因となる。またイオン架橋が45%
以上になるとゲル不溶分が生じてくる。ゲル不溶分が存
在すると、トナー混練条件のコントロールが難しく、ま
た各種添加剤の分散が不均一となってトナーの安定した
性能が得られにくい。さらにまたゲル不溶分が存在する
ためにトナー製造時の粉砕性が悪く、生産性が低くな
る。
The degree of ionic crosslinking of vinyl resin is 10 to 45%.
It is necessary to be. When the degree of ionic crosslinking is less than 10%, the viscoelastic property at the time of melting is deteriorated, and the offset resistance of the toner is deteriorated. Further, since the mechanical strength is weak, the toner is excessively pulverized by the stirring in the developing device and adheres to the carrier surface, which deteriorates the charging performance of the carrier and causes fog and toner scattering. 45% ionic crosslinking
In the above cases, gel insoluble matter is generated. When the gel insoluble component is present, it is difficult to control the toner kneading conditions, and the dispersion of various additives becomes non-uniform, which makes it difficult to obtain stable toner performance. Furthermore, since the gel-insoluble matter is present, the pulverizability during toner production is poor and the productivity is reduced.

【0027】イオン架橋度はイオン架橋反応前後の樹脂
のGPCチャートを比較することによって求める。イオ
ン架橋反応前のGPCチャートと反応後のGPCチャー
トを重ね合わせると、イオン架橋が進行して、より高分
子量の割合が増加し2つの曲線に交点(C)が生じる。
元の分子量分布の面積をA、その交点(C)より分子量
が大きく、新たに生成した面積をBとしたとき、イオン
架橋度は下記式(1)によって求まる(図2,3)。
The degree of ionic crosslinking is determined by comparing GPC charts of the resins before and after the ionic crosslinking reaction. When the GPC chart before the ion-crosslinking reaction and the GPC chart after the ion-crosslinking reaction are overlapped with each other, the ion-crosslinking proceeds, the ratio of the higher molecular weight increases, and the intersection (C) is generated between the two curves.
When the area of the original molecular weight distribution is A and the molecular weight is larger than the intersection (C) and the newly generated area is B, the degree of ionic crosslinking is obtained by the following formula (1) (FIGS. 2 and 3).

【0028】 イオン架橋度=(B/A)×100(%) (1) イオン架橋は重合体中のカルボキシル基と多価金属化合
物とを反応して得られる。多価金属としては、Cu、Ag、
Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Zn、Cd、Al、Ti、Ge、Sn、V、Cr、M
o、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni等が挙げられる。これらの中で特に
亜鉛、マグネシウムが好ましい。多価金属化合物として
は、前記金属のフッ素化物、塩化物、塩酸塩、臭化物、
ヨウ化物、酸化物、水素化物、硫化物、亜硫酸塩、硫酸
塩、リン化物、チッ化物、硝酸塩、リン酸塩、炭酸塩、
酢酸塩、シュウ酸塩、およびメチル化物、エチル化物等
の低級アルキル金属化合物等が挙げられる。特に酸化
物、酢酸塩が好ましい。使用量はカルボキシル基を有す
るビニル単量体1重量部に対し0.01〜1重量部が好まし
い。
Ion cross-linking degree = (B / A) × 100 (%) (1) Ion cross-linking is obtained by reacting a carboxyl group in a polymer with a polyvalent metal compound. As polyvalent metals, Cu, Ag,
Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Al, Ti, Ge, Sn, V, Cr, M
Examples include o, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and the like. Of these, zinc and magnesium are particularly preferable. Examples of the polyvalent metal compound include fluorinated compounds, chlorides, hydrochlorides and bromides of the above metals.
Iodide, oxide, hydride, sulfide, sulfite, sulfate, phosphide, nitride, nitrate, phosphate, carbonate,
Examples thereof include acetates, oxalates, and lower alkyl metal compounds such as methylated products and ethylated products. Oxides and acetates are particularly preferable. The amount used is preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the vinyl monomer having a carboxyl group.

【0029】イオン架橋反応を行うにはカルボキシル基
を有するビニル系重合体と前記多価金属化合物とを均一
に混合し、加熱処理することでイオン架橋構造が導入で
きる。有機溶剤に重合体を溶解し、多価金属化合物を添
加してイオン架橋する方法、ビニル系単量体に多価金属
化合物を添加して反応系内に共存されて重合反応終了後
にイオン架橋する方法、樹脂にトナー用の添加剤ととも
に多価金属化合物を添加し、ロールミル、ニーダー、押
し出し機等で溶融混練してイオン架橋する方法等があ
る。イオン架橋度のコントロール容易性の観点から有機
溶剤を使用する方法が好ましい。有機溶剤としては、イ
オン架橋反応後に除去する必要から沸点が80〜140℃程
度のものが好ましく、特にトルエン、キシレン等が好ま
しい。反応温度としては180〜220℃で1分〜1時間反応
させる必要があり、例えばオートクレーブを使用すると
イオン架橋度のコントロールが容易である。
To carry out the ionic cross-linking reaction, the ionic cross-linking structure can be introduced by uniformly mixing the vinyl polymer having a carboxyl group and the polyvalent metal compound and heat-treating them. A method in which a polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent and a polyvalent metal compound is added to carry out ionic crosslinking, and a polyvalent metal compound is added to a vinyl-based monomer to coexist in the reaction system and ionically crosslink after completion of the polymerization reaction. There is a method, a method in which a polyvalent metal compound is added to a resin together with an additive for a toner, and the mixture is melt-kneaded by a roll mill, a kneader, an extruder or the like to carry out ionic crosslinking. From the viewpoint of easy control of the degree of ionic crosslinking, a method using an organic solvent is preferable. As the organic solvent, those having a boiling point of about 80 to 140 ° C. are preferable because they need to be removed after the ionic crosslinking reaction, and toluene, xylene and the like are particularly preferable. It is necessary to carry out the reaction at a reaction temperature of 180 to 220 ° C. for 1 minute to 1 hour. For example, if an autoclave is used, it is easy to control the degree of ionic crosslinking.

【0030】THF不溶分は実質的に無いことが必須条
件である。不溶分があるとトナー製造時に着色剤その他
の構成成分の分散が均一にならず、定着性能、帯電性能
の低下を招く。THF不溶分の測定は以下に示す方法で
行った。まず樹脂5gとTHF200mlをフラスコに入
れ、超音波分散処理を15分行った後、遠心分離機にて20
℃、2000rpm、30分間上澄み液と沈殿物を分離する。上
澄み液をエバポレーターにかけ、THFを除去する。そ
の後真空乾燥機で50℃、48時間乾燥し、乾燥後の重量
(a)を測定する。沈殿物は真空乾燥機で同様に乾燥
し、重量(b)を測定する。不溶分量は下記式(2)式
に算出する。
It is an essential condition that there is substantially no THF insoluble matter. If there is an insoluble content, the colorant and other constituent components are not uniformly dispersed during the production of the toner, and the fixing performance and the charging performance are deteriorated. The THF insoluble matter was measured by the method described below. First, put 5 g of resin and 200 ml of THF in a flask, perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 15 minutes, and then centrifuge for 20 minutes.
Separate the supernatant and precipitate at 2,000 rpm for 30 minutes at ℃. The supernatant is evaporated to remove the THF. Then, it is dried in a vacuum dryer at 50 ° C. for 48 hours, and the weight (a) after drying is measured. The precipitate is similarly dried with a vacuum dryer, and the weight (b) is measured. The amount of insoluble matter is calculated by the following formula (2).

【0031】 不溶分量=[(b)/{(a)+(b)}]×100(%) (2) ビニル系樹脂のガラス転移点Tgは50〜100℃、特に50〜8
5℃が好ましい。本発明におけるガラス転移点は示差走
査熱量系(DSC)によって測定できる。
Insoluble content = [(b) / {(a) + (b)}] × 100 (%) (2) The glass transition point Tg of the vinyl resin is 50 to 100 ° C., particularly 50 to 8
5 ° C is preferred. The glass transition point in the present invention can be measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

【0032】具体的には、示差走査熱量計を用い、100
℃まで昇温しその温度にて3分間放置した後に降下温度
10℃/分で室温まで冷却する。ついで、このサンプルを
昇温速度10℃/分で測定した際に、ガラス転移点以下の
ベースラインの延長線と、極大値の立ち上がり部分から
極大値の頂点までの間での最大傾斜を示す接戦との交点
をガラス転移点として示す。
Specifically, using a differential scanning calorimeter, 100
After raising the temperature to ℃ and leaving it at that temperature for 3 minutes, the falling temperature
Cool to room temperature at 10 ° C / min. Then, when this sample was measured at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min, a close-fighting battle showing the maximum slope between the extension of the baseline below the glass transition point and the peak of the maximum value, and the peak of the maximum value. The intersection with and is shown as the glass transition point.

【0033】ビニル樹脂の軟化点Tspは100〜150℃が好
ましい。本発明において軟化点は高化式フローテスター
によって測定されるものをいう。
The softening point Tsp of the vinyl resin is preferably 100 to 150 ° C. In the present invention, the softening point means that measured by a Koka type flow tester.

【0034】具体的には、高化式フローテスター「CF
T−500C」(島津製作所製)を用い、ダイスの細孔の
径1mm、長さ1mm、荷重20kg/cm2、昇温速度6℃/分
の条件下で1cm3の試料を溶融流出させたときの流出開
始点から流出終了点の高さの1/2に相当する温度を軟化
点として示す。
Specifically, the high-performance flow tester "CF
T-500C "(manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the diameter 1mm of the pores of the die, length 1mm, load 20 kg / cm 2, is melted runoff samples 1 cm 3 under the conditions of heating rate 6 ° C. / min The temperature corresponding to half the height from the outflow start point to the outflow end point is shown as the softening point.

【0035】[0035]

【作用】本発明において用いられるトナーは、ビニル系
重合体結着樹脂及び着色剤のほかに、必要に応じて荷電
制御剤、ワックス、磁性紛その他のトナー成分を含むこ
とができる。その平均体積粒径は、通常1〜30μm好ま
しくは5〜20μmである。
The toner used in the present invention may contain a charge control agent, wax, magnetic powder and other toner components, if necessary, in addition to the vinyl polymer binder resin and the colorant. The average volume particle size is usually 1 to 30 μm, preferably 5 to 20 μm.

【0036】着色剤としては例えばカーボンブラック・
ニグロシン染料・アニリンブルー・カルコイルブルー・
クロムイエロー・ウルトラマリンブルー・キノリンイエ
ロー・デュポンオイルレッド・メチレンブルークロライ
ド・フタロシアニンブルー・マラカイトグリーン・ラン
プブラック・ローズベンガル・マグネタイト等があげら
れ、これらの混合物も使用することができる。これらの
着色剤の含有量はトナー中に0.5〜20重量%が好まし
い。
As the colorant, for example, carbon black
Nigrosine dye, aniline blue, calcoil blue,
Examples include chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, quinoline yellow, DuPont oil red, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green, lamp black, rose bengal, magnetite, and the like, and mixtures thereof can also be used. The content of these colorants is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight in the toner.

【0037】又、従来使用されている離型剤は全て使用
することができる。具体的には、低分子量ポリプロピレ
ン・低分子量ポリエチレン・エチレン-プロピレン共重
合体等のオレフィン類、マイクロクリスタリンワックス
・カルナバワックス・サゾールワックス・パラフィンワ
ックス等があげられる。2種以上の離型剤を併用しても
よい。
Further, all the conventionally used release agents can be used. Specific examples include olefins such as low molecular weight polypropylene / low molecular weight polyethylene / ethylene-propylene copolymer, and microcrystalline wax / carnauba wax / sazol wax / paraffin wax. You may use together 2 or more types of mold release agents.

【0038】これらの添加量はトナー中に1〜10重量%
添加することが好ましい。
The addition amount of these is 1 to 10% by weight in the toner.
It is preferable to add.

【0039】さらに、磁性粉としては従来使用されてい
る磁性体が全て使用可能である。磁性体としては強磁性
の元素あるいはこれらを含む合金または化合物であり、
マグネタイト・マグヘマイト・フェライト等の化合物や
鉄・コバルト・ニッケル・マンガン等の金属やこれらの
合金があげられる。
Further, as the magnetic powder, all of the conventionally used magnetic materials can be used. The magnetic substance is a ferromagnetic element or an alloy or compound containing these,
Examples thereof include compounds such as magnetite, maghemite and ferrite, metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese, and alloys thereof.

【0040】磁性粉の含有量は現像方式によっても異な
るが、トナー中に20〜60重量%添加することができる。
より好適には25〜50重量%であることが多い。粒子径は
平均体積径が0.1〜2.0μm程度のものを用いる。
Although the content of the magnetic powder varies depending on the developing method, it can be added to the toner in an amount of 20 to 60% by weight.
More preferably, it is often 25 to 50% by weight. The average particle diameter is about 0.1 to 2.0 μm.

【0041】また、流動性付与の観点から、無機微粒子
を着色粒子に添加してもよい。無機微粒子としてはシリ
カ・チタニア・アルミナ等の無機酸化物粒子が好まし
く、さらに、これら無機微粒子はシランカップリング剤
やチタンカップリング剤等によって疎水化処理されてい
ることが好ましい。
From the viewpoint of imparting fluidity, fine inorganic particles may be added to the colored particles. As the inorganic fine particles, inorganic oxide particles such as silica, titania, and alumina are preferable, and further, these inorganic fine particles are preferably hydrophobized with a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, or the like.

【0042】トナーはキャリアと混合され、二成分現像
剤として使用されるか、あるいは磁性トナーである場合
は当該磁性トナーのみにより一成分現像剤として使用さ
れる。二成分現像剤を構成するキャリアとしては鉄・フ
ェライト等の磁性材料粒子のみで構成される非被覆キャ
リア、磁性材料粒子表面を樹脂等によって被覆した樹脂
被覆キャリアのいずれを使用してもよい。このキャリア
の平均粒径は体積平均粒径で30〜150μmが好ましい。
The toner is mixed with a carrier and used as a two-component developer or, in the case of a magnetic toner, only the magnetic toner is used as a one-component developer. As the carrier constituting the two-component developer, either an uncoated carrier composed only of magnetic material particles such as iron and ferrite, or a resin coated carrier in which the surfaces of the magnetic material particles are coated with a resin may be used. The volume average particle diameter of the carrier is preferably 30 to 150 μm.

【0043】[0043]

【実施例】以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明す
るが、本発明の態様はこれに限定されない。
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

【0044】(1)樹脂の合成例 ・ビニル樹脂−1 トルエン60重量部、スチレン40重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート15重量部、アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾ
イル0.15重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエン
の還流温度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行
った。その後前記オートクレーブ中にトルエン100重量
部、スチレン85重量部、ブチルアクリレート10重量部、
アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾイル5.0重量部
の混合物を仕込み、同様にトルエン還流下で2時間重合
を行った。その後酸化亜鉛0.5重量部を添加し、反応温
度を180℃に昇温した。0.5時間その温度に保持してイオ
ン架橋反応を進行させ、その後トルエンを留去してビニ
ル樹脂−1を得た。ビニル樹脂−1はゲル不溶分がな
く、可溶分のGPCによる分子量分布において、分子量
5.2×103および3.6×105に極大値を有し、かつ分子量1.
2×106に極大値を有している。さらに分子量5.3×104
極小値を有し、この極小値より分子量の大きい高分子量
成分と小さい低分子量成分の割合が50/50であり、かつ
イオン架橋度が30%であった。ビニル樹脂の軟化点Tsp
は115℃,ガラス転移点Tgは55℃であった。(以下、合
成例の最後にカッコ書で示すのはビニル樹脂の軟化点と
ガラス転移点である。) ・ビニル樹脂−2 トルエン60重量部、スチレン35重量部、メチルメタクリ
レート5重量部、ブチルアクリレート10重量部、アクリ
ル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾイル0.1重量部をオー
トクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエンの還流温度で2時間重
合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行った。その後前記オー
トクレーブ中にトルエン100重量部、スチレン80重量
部、ブチルアクリレート15重量部、アクリル酸5重量部
および過酸化ベンゾイル3.5重量部、酢酸亜鉛0.5重量部
の混合物を仕込み、同様にトルエン還流下で2時間重合
を行った。その後反応温度を180℃に昇温し、0.5時間そ
の温度に保持した後トルエンを留去してビニル樹脂−2
を得た。ビニル樹脂−2はゲル不溶分がなく、可溶分の
GPCによる分子量分布において、分子量4.8×104およ
び9.8×105に極大値を有し、かつ分子量2.3×106に極大
値を有しており、また分子量1.3×105に極小値を有し、
この極小値より分子量の大きい高分子量成分と小さい低
分子量成分の割合が50/50であり、かつ該ビニル樹脂の
イオン架橋度が23%であった。(Tsp=128℃,Tg=59
℃) ・ビニル樹脂−3 トルエン25重量部、スチレン20重量部、メチルアクリレ
ート2.5重量部、アクリロイルオキシエチルモノサクシ
ネート2.5重量部およびアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1
重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエンの還流温
度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行った。そ
の後前記オートクレーブにトルエン100重量部、スチレ
ン80重量部、ブチルアクリレート15重量部、アクリロイ
ルオキシエチルモノサクシネート5重量部およびアゾビ
スイソブチロニトリル5.0重量部、酢酸亜鉛1.0重量部の
混合物を仕込み、同様にトルエン還流下で2時間重合を
行った。その後反応温度を200℃に昇温し、0.5時間その
温度に保持した後トルエンを留去してビニル樹脂−3を
得た。ビニル樹脂−3はゲル不溶分がなく、可溶分のG
PCによる分子量分布において、分子量5.2×103および
3.5×105に極大値を有し、かつ分子量1.3×106に極大値
を有しており、また分子量5.0×104に極小値を有し、こ
の極小値より分子量の大きい高分子量成分と小さい低分
子量成分の割合が30/70であり、かつイオン架橋度が35
%であった。(Tsp=113℃,Tg=54℃) ・ビニル樹脂−4 トルエン25重量部、スチレン20重量部、ブチルメタアク
リレート5重量部、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート2.5
重量部、アクリロイルオキシエチルモノサクシネート2.
5重量部および過酸化ベンゾイル0.05重量部をオートク
レーブ中に仕込み、トルエンの還流温度で2時間重合を
行い、第1段の重合反応を行った。その後前記オートク
レーブにトルエン100重量部、スチレン50重量部、ブチ
ルアクリレート15重量部、メチルメタクリレート35重量
部および過酸化ベンゾイル3.5重量部の混合物を仕込
み、同様にトルエン還流下で2時間重合を行った。その
後反応温度を180℃に昇温し、0.5時間その温度に保持し
た後トルエンを留去してビニル樹脂−4を得た。ビニル
樹脂−4はゲル不溶分がなく、可溶分のGPCによる分
子量分布において、分子量4.7×104および9.0×105に極
大値を有し、かつ分子量2.2×106に極大値を有してお
り、分子量1.9×105に極小値を有し、この極小値より分
子量の大きい高分子量成分と小さい低分子量成分の割合
が30/70であり、かつイオン架橋度が18%であった。
(Tsp=131℃,Tg=59℃) ・ビニル樹脂−5 キシレン55重量部、スチレン35重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート10重量部、フマル酸10重量部および過酸化ベンゾイ
ル0.1重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、キシレンの
還流温度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行っ
た。その後前記オートクレーブにキシレン100重量部、
スチレン60重量部、ブチルアクリレート15重量部、メチ
ルメタクリレート20重量部、フマル酸5重量部および過
酸化ベンゾイル4.0重量部、酢酸カルシウム1.0重量部の
混合物を仕込み、同様にキシレン還流下で2時間重合を
行った。その後反応温度を200℃に昇温し、0.5時間その
温度に保持した後キシレンを留去してビニル樹脂−5を
得た。ビニル樹脂−5はゲル不溶分がなく、可溶分のG
PCによる分子量分布において、分子量9.2×103および
4.5×105に極大値を有し、かつ分子量1.5×106に極大値
を有しており、分子量1.3×105に極小値を有し、この極
小値より分子量の大きい高分子量成分と小さい低分子量
成分の割合が48/52であり、かつイオン架橋度が43%で
あった。(Tsp=135℃,Tg=60℃) ・ビニル樹脂−6 トルエン30重量部、スチレン20重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート5重量部、2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート2.5重量
部、アクリル酸2.5重量部および過酸化ベンゾイル0.06
重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエンの還流温
度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行った。そ
の後前記オートクレーブにトルエン100重量部、スチレ
ン60重量部、ブチルアクリレート15重量部、メチルメタ
クリレート20重量部、アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化
ベンゾイル4.0重量部、酢酸亜鉛0.3重量部の混合物を仕
込み、同様にトルエン還流下で2時間重合を行った。そ
の後反応温度を180℃に昇温し、0.5時間その温度に保持
した後トルエンを留去してビニル樹脂−6を得た。ビニ
ル樹脂−6はゲル不溶分がなく、可溶分のGPCによる
分子量分布において、分子量1.1×104および4.2×105
極大値を有し、かつ分子量1×106を越える領域に肩部
を有しており、分子量1.1×105に極小値を有し、この極
小値より分子量の大きい高分子量成分と小さい低分子量
成分の割合が23/77であり、かつイオン架橋度が12%で
あった。(Tsp=129℃,Tg=57℃) ・ビニル樹脂−7(比較用) トルエン80重量部、スチレン55重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート20重量部、アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾ
イル0.2重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエン
の還流温度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行
った。その後前記オートクレーブにトルエン100重量
部、スチレン85重量部、ブチルアクリレート10重量部、
アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾイル5.0重量
部、酸化亜鉛0.5重量部の混合物を仕込み、同様にトル
エン還流下で2時間重合を行った。その後反応温度を17
0℃に昇温し、0.5時間その温度に保持した後トルエンを
留去してビニル樹脂−7を得た。ビニル樹脂−7はゲル
不溶分がなく、可溶分のGPCによる分子量分布におい
て、分子量5.2×103および3.5×105に極大値を有し、か
つ分子量1×106以上に肩部を有しており、分子量5.1×
104に極小値を有し、この極小値より分子量の大きい高
分子量成分(H)と小さい低分子量成分(L)の割合H
/Lが50/50であり、かつイオン架橋度が9%であっ
た。(Tsp=120℃,Tg=60℃) ・ビニル樹脂−8(比較用) キシレン55重量部、スチレン35重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート10重量部、フマル酸10重量部および過酸化ベンゾイ
ル0.1重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、キシレンの
還流温度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行っ
た。その後前記オートクレーブにキシレン100重量部、
スチレン60重量部、ブチルアクリレート15重量部、メチ
ルメタクリレート20重量部、フマル酸5重量部および過
酸化ベンゾイル4.0重量部、酢酸カルシウム1.0重量部の
混合物を仕込み、同様にキシレン還流下で2時間重合を
行った。その後反応温度を230℃に昇温し、1.5時間その
温度に保持した後キシレンを留去してビニル樹脂−8を
得た。ビニル樹脂−8はゲル不溶分が5%有り、可溶分
のGPCによる分子量分布において、分子量9.3×103
よび4.5×105に極大値を有し、かつ分子量2.2×106に極
大値を有しており、分子量1.1×105に極小値を有し、こ
の極小値より分子量の大きい高分子量成分(H)と小さ
い低分子量成分(L)の割合H/Lが53/47であり、か
つイオン架橋度が45%以上であった。(Tsp=153℃,Tg
=60℃) ・ビニル樹脂−9(比較用) トルエン60重量部、スチレン35重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート15重量部、アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾ
イル0.15重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエン
の還流温度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行
った。その後前記オートクレーブにトルエン100重量
部、スチレン80重量部、ブチルアクリレート15重量部、
アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾイル5.5重量部
の混合物を仕込み、同様にトルエン還流下で2時間重合
を行った。その後反応温度を180℃に昇温し、0.5時間そ
の温度に保持した後トルエンを留去してビニル樹脂−9
を得た。ビニル樹脂−9はゲル不溶分がなく、可溶分の
GPCによる分子量分布において、分子量4.7×103およ
び3.5×105に極大値を有し、かつ分子量1.1×106に極大
値を有しており、分子量5.0×104に極小値を有し、この
極小値より分子量の大きい高分子量成分(H)と小さい
低分子量成分(L)の割合H/Lが50/50であり、かつ
イオン架橋度が25%であった。(Tsp=109℃,Tg=53
℃) ・ビニル樹脂−10(比較用) トルエン60重量部、スチレン40重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート15重量部、アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾ
イル0.05重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエン
の還流温度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行
った。その後前記オートクレーブにトルエン100重量
部、スチレン85重量部、ブチルアクリレート10重量部、
アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾイル5.0重量
部、酢酸亜鉛0.5重量部の混合物を仕込み、同様にトル
エン還流下で2時間重合を行った。その後反応温度を18
0℃に昇温し、0.5時間その温度に保持した後トルエンを
留去してビニル樹脂−10を得た。ビニル樹脂−10はゲル
不溶分がなく、可溶分のGPCによる分子量分布におい
て、分子量5.2×103および1.5×106に極大値を有し、か
つ分子量1×106以上に肩部を有しており、分子量2.5×
105に極小値を有し、この極小値より分子量の大きい高
分子量成分(H)と小さい低分子量成分(L)の割合H
/Lが50/50であり、かつイオン架橋度が30%であっ
た。(Tsp=141℃,Tg=59℃) ・ビニル樹脂−11(比較用) トルエン15重量部、スチレン10重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート4重量部、アクリル酸1重量部および過酸化ベンゾ
イル0.03重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエン
の還流温度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行
った。その後前記オートクレーブにトルエン100重量
部、スチレン60重量部、ブチルアクリレート15重量部、
メチルメタクリレート20重量部、アクリル酸5重量部お
よび過酸化ベンゾイル4.0重量部の混合物を仕込み、同
様にトルエン還流下で2時間重合を行った。その後反応
温度を180℃に昇温し、0.5時間その温度に保持した後ト
ルエンを留去してビニル樹脂−11を得た。ビニル樹脂−
11はゲル不溶分がなく、可溶分のGPCによる分子量分
布において、分子量9.2×103および3.9×105に極大値を
有し、かつ分子量1.2×106に極大値を有しており、分子
量1.0×105に極小値を有し、この極小値より分子量の大
きい高分子量成分(H)と小さい低分子量成分(L)の
割合H/Lが18/82であり、かつイオン架橋度が23%で
あった。(Tsp=120℃,Tg=56℃) ビニル樹脂−12(比較用) トルエン60重量部、スチレン40重量部、ブチルアクリレ
ート15重量部、アクリル酸5重量部および過酸化ベンゾ
イル0.2重量部をオートクレーブ中に仕込み、トルエン
の還流温度で2時間重合を行い、第1段の重合反応を行
った。その後前記オートクレーブ中にトルエン100重量
部、スチレン85重量部、ブチルアクリレート10重量部、
アクリル酸5重量部及び過酸化ベンゾイル5.0重量部の
混合物を仕込み、同様にトルエン還流下で2時間重合を
行った。その後酸化亜鉛0.35重量部を添加し、反応温度
を180度に昇温した。0.5時間その温度に保持してイオン
架橋を進行させ、その後トルエンを留去してビニル樹脂
−12を得た。ビニル樹脂−12はゲル不溶分がなく、可溶
分のGPCによる分子量分布において、分子量7.1×104
および3.0×105に極大値を有し、かつ分子量1.1×106
極大値を有している。さらに分子量11×104に極小値を
有し、この極小値より分子量の大きい高分子量成分と小
さい低分子量成分の割合が50/50かつイオン架橋度が28
%であった。(Tsp=120℃,Tg=58℃) これらの結果をまとめて、ビニル樹脂−1〜12の特性値
を示せば、表1のごとくなる。
(1) Synthetic Example of Resin Vinyl Resin-1 60 parts by weight of toluene, 40 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.15 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide were charged into an autoclave, and toluene was added. Polymerization was carried out for 2 hours at the reflux temperature to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Then 100 parts by weight of toluene, 85 parts by weight of styrene, 10 parts by weight of butyl acrylate in the autoclave,
A mixture of 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 5.0 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide was charged, and polymerization was similarly carried out under reflux of toluene for 2 hours. Thereafter, 0.5 part by weight of zinc oxide was added, and the reaction temperature was raised to 180 ° C. The temperature was maintained for 0.5 hour to allow the ionic crosslinking reaction to proceed, and then toluene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-1. Vinyl resin-1 has no gel insoluble matter, and the molecular weight distribution of the soluble matter by GPC
It has a maximum at 5.2 × 10 3 and 3.6 × 10 5 , and a molecular weight of 1.
It has a maximum value of 2 × 10 6 . Further, it had a minimum value at a molecular weight of 5.3 × 10 4 , the ratio of a high molecular weight component having a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and a low molecular weight component smaller than this minimum value was 50/50, and the degree of ionic crosslinking was 30%. Softening point of vinyl resin Tsp
Was 115 ° C and the glass transition temperature Tg was 55 ° C. (Hereinafter, what is shown in brackets at the end of the synthesis examples are the softening point and the glass transition point of the vinyl resin.)-Vinyl resin-2 60 parts by weight of toluene, 35 parts by weight of styrene, 5 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate. 10 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.1 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide were charged into an autoclave, and polymerization was carried out at a reflux temperature of toluene for 2 hours to carry out a first stage polymerization reaction. Then, a mixture of 100 parts by weight of toluene, 80 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 3.5 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, and 0.5 parts by weight of zinc acetate was charged into the autoclave, and the mixture was also refluxed with toluene. Polymerization was carried out for 2 hours. After that, the reaction temperature was raised to 180 ° C. and kept at that temperature for 0.5 hour, and then toluene was distilled off to remove vinyl resin-2.
Got Vinyl resin-2 has no gel insoluble matter, and has a maximum value at a molecular weight of 4.8 × 10 4 and 9.8 × 10 5 and a maximum value at a molecular weight of 2.3 × 10 6 in the GPC molecular weight distribution. In addition, it has a minimum value at a molecular weight of 1.3 × 10 5 ,
The ratio of the high molecular weight component having a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and the low molecular weight component smaller than this minimum value was 50/50, and the degree of ionic crosslinking of the vinyl resin was 23%. (Tsp = 128 ℃, Tg = 59
C.)-Vinyl resin-3 25 parts by weight of toluene, 20 parts by weight of styrene, 2.5 parts by weight of methyl acrylate, 2.5 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl monosuccinate and 0.1 part of azobisisobutyronitrile.
Part by weight was placed in an autoclave, and polymerization was carried out at the reflux temperature of toluene for 2 hours to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Thereafter, the autoclave was charged with a mixture of 100 parts by weight of toluene, 80 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl monosuccinate, 5.0 parts by weight of azobisisobutyronitrile, and 1.0 part by weight of zinc acetate, Similarly, polymerization was performed for 2 hours under reflux of toluene. Thereafter, the reaction temperature was raised to 200 ° C., and the temperature was kept for 0.5 hour, and then toluene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-3. Vinyl resin-3 has no gel-insoluble matter, G-soluble matter
In the molecular weight distribution by PC, the molecular weight is 5.2 × 10 3 and
It has a maximum value at 3.5 × 10 5 , and has a maximum value at a molecular weight of 1.3 × 10 6 , and has a minimum value at a molecular weight of 5.0 × 10 4 , with a high molecular weight component having a molecular weight larger than this minimum value. The ratio of small low molecular weight components is 30/70, and the degree of ionic crosslinking is 35.
%Met. (Tsp = 113 ° C, Tg = 54 ° C) -Vinyl resin-4 Toluene 25 parts by weight, styrene 20 parts by weight, butyl methacrylate 5 parts by weight, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate 2.5.
Parts by weight, acryloyloxyethyl monosuccinate 2.
5 parts by weight and 0.05 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide were charged into an autoclave, polymerization was carried out at the reflux temperature of toluene for 2 hours, and the first stage polymerization reaction was carried out. Then, a mixture of 100 parts by weight of toluene, 50 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 35 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate and 3.5 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide was charged into the autoclave, and polymerization was similarly carried out under reflux of toluene for 2 hours. Thereafter, the reaction temperature was raised to 180 ° C., and the temperature was kept for 0.5 hour, and then toluene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-4. Vinyl resin-4 has no gel insoluble matter and has a maximum value at a molecular weight of 4.7 × 10 4 and 9.0 × 10 5 and a maximum value at a molecular weight of 2.2 × 10 6 in the molecular weight distribution by GPC according to the soluble component. The minimum value was 1.9 × 10 5 , and the ratio of the high molecular weight component having a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and the low molecular weight component having a lower molecular weight was 30/70, and the degree of ionic crosslinking was 18%.
(Tsp = 131 ° C., Tg = 59 ° C.)-Vinyl resin-5 55 parts by weight of xylene, 35 parts by weight of styrene, 10 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 10 parts by weight of fumaric acid and 0.1 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide were charged into an autoclave, Polymerization was carried out for 2 hours at the reflux temperature of xylene to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Then 100 parts by weight of xylene in the autoclave,
A mixture of 60 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 20 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts by weight of fumaric acid, 4.0 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, and 1.0 part by weight of calcium acetate was charged, and similarly polymerized under reflux of xylene for 2 hours. went. Then, the reaction temperature was raised to 200 ° C., and the temperature was kept for 0.5 hour, and then xylene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-5. Vinyl resin-5 has no gel-insoluble matter, G-soluble matter
In the molecular weight distribution by PC, the molecular weight is 9.2 × 10 3 and
It has a maximum value at 4.5 × 10 5 and a maximum value at a molecular weight of 1.5 × 10 6 , and has a minimum value at a molecular weight of 1.3 × 10 5, and a high molecular weight component with a higher molecular weight than this minimum value is small. The ratio of low molecular weight components was 48/52 and the degree of ionic crosslinking was 43%. (Tsp = 135 ° C., Tg = 60 ° C.) ・ Vinyl resin-6 30 parts by weight of toluene, 20 parts by weight of styrene, 5 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 2.5 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2.5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.06 of benzoyl peroxide.
Part by weight was placed in an autoclave, and polymerization was carried out at the reflux temperature of toluene for 2 hours to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Thereafter, a mixture of 100 parts by weight of toluene, 60 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 20 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 4.0 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, and 0.3 parts by weight of zinc acetate was charged into the autoclave. Polymerization was carried out under toluene reflux for 2 hours. Thereafter, the reaction temperature was raised to 180 ° C., and the temperature was kept for 0.5 hour, and then toluene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-6. Vinyl resin-6 has no gel insoluble matter, and has a maximum value in the molecular weight of 1.1 × 10 4 and 4.2 × 10 5 in the GPC molecular weight distribution of the soluble matter, and a shoulder portion in the region exceeding the molecular weight of 1 × 10 6. Has a minimum value at a molecular weight of 1.1 × 10 5 , the ratio of high molecular weight components having a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and low molecular weight components having a lower molecular weight is 23/77, and the degree of ionic crosslinking is 12%. there were. (Tsp = 129 ° C, Tg = 57 ° C) ・ Vinyl resin-7 (for comparison) 80 parts by weight of toluene, 55 parts by weight of styrene, 20 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide are autoclaved. The resulting mixture was charged into the flask and polymerized at the reflux temperature of toluene for 2 hours to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Then 100 parts by weight of toluene, 85 parts by weight of styrene, 10 parts by weight of butyl acrylate in the autoclave,
A mixture of 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 5.0 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide and 0.5 part by weight of zinc oxide was charged, and polymerization was similarly carried out for 2 hours under reflux of toluene. Then set the reaction temperature to 17
The temperature was raised to 0 ° C., the temperature was maintained for 0.5 hour, and then toluene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-7. Vinyl resin-7 has no gel insoluble matter, has a maximum in the molecular weight of 5.2 × 10 3 and 3.5 × 10 5 in the molecular weight distribution by GPC of the soluble matter, and has a shoulder portion in the molecular weight of 1 × 10 6 or more. And has a molecular weight of 5.1 ×
The ratio H of a high molecular weight component (H) having a minimum molecular weight of 10 4 and a molecular weight higher than this minimum and a low molecular weight component (L) smaller than this minimum.
/ L was 50/50 and the degree of ionic crosslinking was 9%. (Tsp = 120 ° C, Tg = 60 ° C) ・ Vinyl resin-8 (for comparison) 55 parts by weight of xylene, 35 parts by weight of styrene, 10 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 10 parts by weight of fumaric acid and 0.1 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide are autoclaved. The resulting mixture was charged into the flask and polymerized at the reflux temperature of xylene for 2 hours to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Then 100 parts by weight of xylene in the autoclave,
A mixture of 60 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 20 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts by weight of fumaric acid, 4.0 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide, and 1.0 part by weight of calcium acetate was charged, and similarly polymerized under reflux of xylene for 2 hours. went. Thereafter, the reaction temperature was raised to 230 ° C., and the temperature was kept for 1.5 hours, and then xylene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-8. Vinyl resin-8 has a gel insoluble content of 5%, and has a maximum value at a molecular weight of 2.2 × 10 6 and a maximum value at a molecular weight of 9.3 × 10 3 and 4.5 × 10 5 in the GPC molecular weight distribution. It has a minimum value at a molecular weight of 1.1 × 10 5 , and the ratio H / L of the high molecular weight component (H) and the low molecular weight component (L) having a higher molecular weight than this minimum value is 53/47, And the degree of ionic crosslinking was 45% or more. (Tsp = 153 ℃, Tg
Vinyl resin-9 (for comparison) 60 parts by weight of toluene, 35 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.15 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide are charged into an autoclave, and toluene is refluxed. Polymerization was carried out at the temperature for 2 hours to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Then 100 parts by weight of toluene, 80 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate in the autoclave,
A mixture of 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 5.5 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide was charged, and polymerization was similarly carried out under reflux of toluene for 2 hours. After that, the reaction temperature was raised to 180 ° C. and kept at that temperature for 0.5 hour, and then toluene was distilled off to remove vinyl resin-9.
Got Vinyl resin-9 has no gel insoluble matter, and has a maximum value at a molecular weight of 4.7 × 10 3 and 3.5 × 10 5 and a maximum value at a molecular weight of 1.1 × 10 6 in the GPC molecular weight distribution. Has a minimum value at a molecular weight of 5.0 × 10 4 , the ratio H / L of the high molecular weight component (H) having a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and the low molecular weight component (L) having a lower molecular weight is 50/50, and the ion The degree of crosslinking was 25%. (Tsp = 109 ℃, Tg = 53
・ Vinyl resin-10 (for comparison) 60 parts by weight of toluene, 40 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.05 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide were charged in an autoclave at the reflux temperature of toluene. Polymerization was carried out for 2 hours to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Then 100 parts by weight of toluene, 85 parts by weight of styrene, 10 parts by weight of butyl acrylate in the autoclave,
A mixture of 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 5.0 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide and 0.5 part by weight of zinc acetate was charged, and polymerization was similarly carried out for 2 hours under reflux of toluene. Then set the reaction temperature to 18
The temperature was raised to 0 ° C., and the temperature was maintained for 0.5 hour, and then toluene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-10. Vinyl resin-10 has no gel-insoluble matter, has a maximum in the molecular weight of 5.2 × 10 3 and 1.5 × 10 6 in the molecular weight distribution by GPC of the soluble matter, and has a shoulder in the molecular weight of 1 × 10 6 or more. And has a molecular weight of 2.5 ×
The ratio H of a high molecular weight component (H) having a minimum value of 10 5 and a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and a low molecular weight component (L) smaller than this minimum value.
/ L was 50/50 and the degree of ionic crosslinking was 30%. (Tsp = 141 ° C, Tg = 59 ° C) ・ Vinyl resin-11 (for comparison) 15 parts by weight of toluene, 10 parts by weight of styrene, 4 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 1 part by weight of acrylic acid and 0.03 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide are autoclaved. The resulting mixture was charged into the flask and polymerized at the reflux temperature of toluene for 2 hours to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Then 100 parts by weight of toluene, 60 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate in the autoclave,
A mixture of 20 parts by weight of methyl methacrylate, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 4.0 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide was charged, and polymerization was similarly carried out for 2 hours under reflux of toluene. Then, the reaction temperature was raised to 180 ° C., and the temperature was maintained for 0.5 hour, and then toluene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-11. Vinyl resin-
No. 11 has no gel insoluble matter, and has a maximum value at a molecular weight of 9.2 × 10 3 and 3.9 × 10 5 and a maximum value at a molecular weight of 1.2 × 10 6 in the molecular weight distribution by GPC according to the soluble component, It has a minimum value at a molecular weight of 1.0 × 10 5 , and the ratio H / L of the high molecular weight component (H) having a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and the low molecular weight component (L) smaller than this minimum value is 18/82, and the degree of ionic crosslinking is It was 23%. (Tsp = 120 ° C, Tg = 56 ° C) Vinyl resin-12 (for comparison) 60 parts by weight of toluene, 40 parts by weight of styrene, 15 parts by weight of butyl acrylate, 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 0.2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide in an autoclave. Then, the polymerization was carried out at the reflux temperature of toluene for 2 hours to carry out the first stage polymerization reaction. Then 100 parts by weight of toluene, 85 parts by weight of styrene, 10 parts by weight of butyl acrylate in the autoclave,
A mixture of 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid and 5.0 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide was charged, and polymerization was similarly carried out for 2 hours under reflux of toluene. Thereafter, 0.35 part by weight of zinc oxide was added, and the reaction temperature was raised to 180 degrees. The temperature was maintained for 0.5 hour to allow ionic crosslinking to proceed, and then toluene was distilled off to obtain vinyl resin-12. Vinyl resin-12 has no gel insoluble matter, and the molecular weight distribution of the soluble matter by GPC is 7.1 × 10 4
And a maximum value at 3.0 × 10 5, and a maximum value at a molecular weight of 1.1 × 10 6 . Furthermore, it has a minimum value at a molecular weight of 11 × 10 4 , and the ratio of the high molecular weight component having a molecular weight higher than this minimum value and the low molecular weight component having a lower molecular weight is 50/50 and the degree of ionic crosslinking is 28.
%Met. (Tsp = 120 ° C., Tg = 58 ° C.) These results are summarized and the characteristic values of the vinyl resins-1 to 12 are shown in Table 1.

【0045】[0045]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0046】(2)トナーの製造 ビニル樹脂 100重量部 カーボンブラック 10重量部 低分子量ポリプロピレン 3重量部 アルキレンビス脂肪酸アミド 3重量部 以上の材料をV型混合器に入れ、20分間混合し、2軸式
押し出し機により溶融混練し、冷却後ウイレーミルによ
り粗粉砕して2mmメッシュパス品とし、さらに超音速ジ
ェットミルにより微粉砕し、次いで風力分級機により粒
径5μm以下の微粒粉を除去して平均粒径9μmの着色粒
子を得た。
(2) Manufacture of toner 100 parts by weight of vinyl resin 10 parts by weight of carbon black 3 parts by weight of low molecular weight polypropylene 3 parts by weight of alkylene bis fatty acid amide 3 parts by weight The above materials are placed in a V-type mixer and mixed for 20 minutes, and then mixed with a twin screw. Melt and knead with an automatic extruder, cool and coarsely crush with a Wiley mill to obtain a 2mm mesh pass product, then finely crush with a supersonic jet mill, and then remove fine particles with a particle size of 5μm or less with an air classifier to obtain an average particle size. Colored particles having a diameter of 9 μm were obtained.

【0047】この着色粒子100重量部に対してシリカ微
粒子0.8重量部、ステアリン酸亜鉛を0.1重量部添加し、
これらをV型混合機により混合して本発明のトナー1〜
6(ビニル樹脂−1〜6)および比較用のトナー1〜6
(ビニル樹脂−7〜12)を得た。
0.8 parts by weight of silica fine particles and 0.1 part by weight of zinc stearate were added to 100 parts by weight of the colored particles,
These are mixed by a V-type mixer and the toner of the present invention 1 to
6 (vinyl resins-1 to 6) and comparative toners 1 to 6
(Vinyl resins-7 to 12) were obtained.

【0048】(3)現像剤の調整 以上の各トナーと、銅-亜鉛フェライトよりなる磁性体
粒子にフッ素樹脂を被覆した平均粒径80μmのキャリア
とを混合して、トナー濃度が5重量%の各2成分現像剤
を調整した。
(3) Preparation of developer Each of the above toners and a carrier having an average particle size of 80 μm in which magnetic particles of copper-zinc ferrite are coated with a fluororesin are mixed to obtain a toner concentration of 5% by weight. Each two-component developer was prepared.

【0049】(4)評価 トナーの低温定着性 有機感光体よりなる潜像担持体、2成分現像剤用の現像
器、加熱ローラ定着器を備え、加熱ローラの設定温度を
可変調整できるように改造した電子写真複写機「U−BI
X 3035」(コニカ(株)社製)改造機により、加熱ローラ
の線速度を230mm/秒(35cpm)に設定し、圧着ローラの
温度を加熱ローラの設定温度を100〜240℃の範囲内で段
階的に変化させながら、上記現像剤を用いて定着トナー
画像を形成する実写テストを行い、得られた定着トナー
画像の端部を擦り試験機により一定荷重をかけて擦った
後、マイクロデンシトメータで該端部の画像の残存率を
測定し、残存率80%以上を示す最低の設定温度(最低定
着温度)を求めた。尚、上記加熱ローラ定着器は表層が
パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体より成る
直径40mmの加熱ローラと、表層がパーフルオロアルキル
ビニルエーテル共重合体により被覆されたシリコーンゴ
ムより成る直径40mmの圧着ローラとを有して成り、線圧
が1.61kg/cm、ニップ幅が4.5mmで、シリコーンオイル
等の離型剤のの塗布機構は備えていないものである。
(4) Evaluation of Low Temperature Fixability of Toner A latent image carrier made of an organic photoconductor, a developing device for a two-component developer, and a heating roller fixing device are provided and modified so that the set temperature of the heating roller can be variably adjusted. Electronic photocopier "U-BI"
X 3035 "(manufactured by Konica Co., Ltd.) with a modified machine, set the linear velocity of the heating roller to 230 mm / sec (35 cpm) and set the temperature of the pressure roller within the range of 100 to 240 ° C. While gradually changing, a fixed-toner image was formed using the above-mentioned developer, and an actual test was conducted.The edge of the obtained fixed-toner image was rubbed with a rubbing tester under a constant load, and then a microdensit The residual rate of the image at the end portion was measured with a meter, and the minimum set temperature (minimum fixing temperature) showing the residual rate of 80% or more was determined. The heating roller fixing device comprises a heating roller having a surface layer of 40 mm in diameter made of perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and a pressure roller having a diameter of 40 mm made of silicone rubber in which the surface layer is coated with perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer. It has a linear pressure of 1.61 kg / cm, a nip width of 4.5 mm, and does not have a mechanism for applying a release agent such as silicone oil.

【0050】トナーのホットオフセット性 圧着ローラを加熱ローラの設定温度に近い温度に保った
状態としたほかは上記と同様にして定着トナー画像を形
成し、その直後白紙の記録材を同様の条件下で加熱ロー
ラ定着器に送ってこれにトナーの汚れが生ずるか否かを
目視により観察する操作を、加熱ローラの各設定温度に
おいて行い、トナー汚れが生じない最高の設定温度を求
めた。
Toner Hot Offset Property A fixed toner image was formed in the same manner as above except that the pressure roller was kept at a temperature close to the set temperature of the heating roller, and immediately after that, a blank recording material was treated under the same conditions. Then, the operation of sending to a heating roller fixing device and visually observing whether or not the toner is stained is performed at each set temperature of the heating roller, and the maximum set temperature at which the toner is not stained is obtained.

【0051】トナーの粉砕性 トナー製造時に超音速ジェットミルで7.5μmに微粉砕す
る場合のフィード量を測定し、フィード量20g/秒以上
を「○」、10〜20g/秒を「△」、10g/秒未満を
「×」とした。
Toner pulverizability The feed amount when finely pulverized to 7.5 μm with a supersonic jet mill at the time of toner production was measured, and a feed amount of 20 g / sec or more was “◯”, 10 to 20 g / sec was “Δ”, Less than 10 g / sec was designated as "x".

【0052】実写テスト 上記現像剤を用いて、電子写真複写機「U−BIX 3035」
(コニカ(株)社製)改造機により、温度20℃、相対湿度
60%の環境条件下で複写画像を5万回繰り返して形成す
る実写テストを行い、下記の項目について評価した。
Actual Photograph Test Electrophotographic copying machine "U-BIX 3035" using the above developer
Temperature (20 ℃, relative humidity) by a modified machine (manufactured by Konica Corporation)
Under the environmental condition of 60%, a live-copy test was conducted in which a copied image was repeatedly formed 50,000 times, and the following items were evaluated.

【0053】・現像器中での過粉砕性 現像剤調整時および実写テスト(5万回)後のトナー中
に含まれる5μm以下の微粉量(個数%)をコールター
カウンターにより測定した。
Over-grindability in developing device The amount of fine powder (number%) of 5 μm or less contained in the toner at the time of adjusting the developer and after the actual copying test (50,000 times) was measured by a Coulter counter.

【0054】・帯電量 現像剤調整時および実写テスト(5万回)後のトナー帯
電量をブローオフ法により測定した。
Charge amount The toner charge amount at the time of adjusting the developer and after the actual copying test (50,000 times) was measured by the blow-off method.

【0055】・カブリ コピー画像の白地部分をマクベス濃度計により測定し、
カブリ濃度0.001以下を「○」、0.001〜0.01を「△」、
0.01を越える場合を「×」とした。
A fog copy image is measured on a white background portion with a Macbeth densitometer,
Fog density 0.001 or less is "○", 0.001 to 0.01 is "△",
The case where it exceeds 0.01 was marked as "x".

【0056】・トナー飛散 実写テスト(5万回)後の機内の汚れを目視により観察
し、トナー飛散が認められず良好な場合を「○」、トナ
ー飛散が多くて実用的に目的に問題がある場合を「×」
とした。
Toner scattering After visually observing stains inside the machine after the actual copying test (50,000 times), if no toner scattering is observed and it is good, "○" is indicated, and there is much toner scattering and there is a problem for practical purposes. If there is "x"
And

【0057】以上の結果をまとめて示すと表2のごとく
なり、本発明の結着樹脂を用いたトナーはすぐれた特性
を持つことがわかる。
The above results are summarized and shown in Table 2, showing that the toner using the binder resin of the present invention has excellent characteristics.

【0058】[0058]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0059】[0059]

【発明の効果】本発明により、第一に低温定着が可能で
かつ、定着可能領域が広い現像用トナーをうること、第
二に粉砕性が良好で収率の良い、製造時における生産性
の高い現像用トナー、さらには第三に現像器中での撹拌
などにより、過粉砕されることのすくない、カブリやト
ナー飛散のないトナーを提供することが出来る。
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, firstly, a developing toner capable of low-temperature fixing and having a wide fixable region can be obtained. It is possible to provide a high-development toner, and thirdly, a toner free from fog and toner scattering, which is less likely to be over-pulverized by stirring in a developing device.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の結着樹脂の分子量分布図。FIG. 1 is a molecular weight distribution diagram of a binder resin of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の結着樹脂のイオン架橋前の分子量分布
図。
FIG. 2 is a molecular weight distribution diagram of the binder resin of the present invention before ionic crosslinking.

【図3】本発明の結着樹脂のイオン架橋前後の分子量分
布変化を説明する図。
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating changes in the molecular weight distribution of the binder resin of the present invention before and after ionic crosslinking.

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 少なくとも結着樹脂と着色剤とからなる
静電荷像現像用トナーにおいて、結着樹脂がビニル系重
合体であり、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)不溶分がな
く、可溶分のGPCによる分子量分布測定において分子
量5×103〜5×104と3.5×105〜1×106にそれぞれ少
なくとも1つの極大値を有し、かつ1×106〜5×106
範囲に極大値、又は、肩部を有し、分子量5×104〜3.5
×105の間に極小値を有し、該極小値より高分子量成分
(H)と低分子量成分(L)の割合(H/L)が20/80
〜50/50であることを特徴とする静電荷像現像用トナ
ー。
1. A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image comprising at least a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the binder resin is a vinyl polymer, there is no tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble matter, and the soluble matter has a molecular weight by GPC. In the distribution measurement, each of the molecular weights of 5 × 10 3 to 5 × 10 4 and 3.5 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 6 has at least one maximum value, and the maximum value is in the range of 1 × 10 6 to 5 × 10 6 , Or, it has a shoulder part and has a molecular weight of 5 × 10 4 to 3.5.
It has a minimum value between 10 5 and the ratio (H / L) of the high molecular weight component (H) and the low molecular weight component (L) is 20/80.
A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, characterized in that the toner content is 50/50.
【請求項2】 前記ビニル系重合体樹脂が多価金属化合
物と反応して得られるイオン架橋樹脂からなり、イオン
架橋度が10〜45%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記
載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
2. The static polymerization according to claim 1, wherein the vinyl polymer resin is an ionic cross-linking resin obtained by reacting with a polyvalent metal compound, and the degree of ionic cross-linking is 10 to 45%. Toner for charge image development.
【請求項3】 前記ビニル系重合体樹脂の軟化点が100
〜150℃、ガラス転移点が50〜100℃であることを特徴と
する請求項1に記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
3. The softening point of the vinyl polymer resin is 100.
2. The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a glass transition point of 150.degree. C. to 150.degree.
JP6022626A 1994-02-21 1994-02-21 Toner for developing electrostatic charge image Pending JPH07234539A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6022626A JPH07234539A (en) 1994-02-21 1994-02-21 Toner for developing electrostatic charge image

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6022626A JPH07234539A (en) 1994-02-21 1994-02-21 Toner for developing electrostatic charge image

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH07234539A true JPH07234539A (en) 1995-09-05

Family

ID=12088045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP6022626A Pending JPH07234539A (en) 1994-02-21 1994-02-21 Toner for developing electrostatic charge image

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH07234539A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007072886A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-28 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Resin composition for toner and method for producing resin composition for toner

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007072886A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-28 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Resin composition for toner and method for producing resin composition for toner

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP3597525B2 (en) Electrostatic image developing toner, developer, and image forming method
JP4415805B2 (en) Electrostatic latent image developing toner, electrostatic latent image developer, and electrostatic latent image developing toner manufacturing method.
JP5677331B2 (en) Toner for electrostatic latent image development
JPH056029A (en) Electrostatic charge image developing toner and production thereof
JP3219230B2 (en) Binder resin and toner for developing electrostatic images containing the same
JP3067761B1 (en) Toner for developing electrostatic image, method of manufacturing the same, developer for developing electrostatic image, and image forming method
JP3761330B2 (en) Resin composition for toner and toner
JPH01105962A (en) White toner
JP2013050589A (en) Toner for electrostatic latent image development
JP3927836B2 (en) Toner particle manufacturing method, toner particle and toner
JP2005227306A (en) Electrostatic charge image developing toner and method for manufacturing the same
JPH07234539A (en) Toner for developing electrostatic charge image
JPH0862899A (en) Electrophotographic developer
JP2712264B2 (en) Toner for developing electrostatic latent images
JP3136564B2 (en) Electrostatic image developer, carrier for developing an electrostatic image, and coating agent used therefor
JP2004163879A (en) Electrophotographic toner in which wax is uniformly dispersed
JP3641727B2 (en) Toner for electrostatic development
JPH03171147A (en) Toner for developing electrostatic charge image
JP7394600B2 (en) Toner for electrophotography
JP4557897B2 (en) Binder resin for toner
JP7142542B2 (en) electrophotographic toner
JP4583784B2 (en) Binder resin for toner
JP2001272813A (en) Release agent for toner
JP4169272B2 (en) Toner for electrophotography
JP4038160B2 (en) Method for producing toner for developing electrostatic image