JPH07185270A - Immersion membrane apparatus - Google Patents
Immersion membrane apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07185270A JPH07185270A JP34595693A JP34595693A JPH07185270A JP H07185270 A JPH07185270 A JP H07185270A JP 34595693 A JP34595693 A JP 34595693A JP 34595693 A JP34595693 A JP 34595693A JP H07185270 A JPH07185270 A JP H07185270A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- treatment tank
- bubbles
- air bubble
- diffusing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、平膜を複数枚積層し
た積層体や、中空糸膜を平面状、或いはすだれ状にした
膜エレメントを複数枚積層した積層体や、管状膜を複数
本並行に接続したものを膜ユニットとして用いた浸漬膜
装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laminated body in which a plurality of flat membranes are laminated, a laminated body in which a plurality of membrane elements having hollow fiber membranes in a planar shape or a blind shape are laminated, and a plurality of tubular membranes. The present invention relates to a submerged membrane device that uses those connected in parallel as a membrane unit.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】処理槽の液中に上述した膜ユニットを浸
漬し、膜ユニットの内部を吸引して膜を透過した濾過処
理水を得る浸漬膜装置は従来から公知である。この浸漬
膜装置を運転して膜濾過を行った場合、濾過の進行に伴
い膜面近傍に高分子溶存物質等の高濃度な濃度分極層、
或いはこれがゲル状になったゲル層などの非濾過物質が
存在するようになると共に、微細な粒子、生物フロッ
ク、金属水酸物等の非濾過物質からなるケーク層が膜面
に付着する。ケーク層の濾過抵抗の成長速度はゲル層と
比較して極めて緩やかであるが、厚い付着層を形成す
る。これらのゲル層やケーク層によって濾過抵抗が生
じ、濾過効率が低下する。そこで、一定時間、膜濾過を
行ったら、又は膜濾過運転中に一定濾過圧力になる毎に
運転を中止し、膜ユニットに下から気泡を浴びせ膜の間
を浮上する気泡と、上向水流とによりゲル層や、ケーク
層を膜面から剥離したのち逆洗を行い、濾過性能を回復
させる。尚、散気は逆洗の前だけでなく、逆洗の後にも
行うことがある。2. Description of the Related Art Immersion membrane devices for immersing the above-mentioned membrane unit in the liquid of a treatment tank and sucking the inside of the membrane unit to obtain filtered treated water that has permeated the membrane have been conventionally known. When the immersion membrane device is operated to perform membrane filtration, as the filtration progresses, a high concentration concentration polarization layer such as a polymer dissolved substance near the membrane surface,
Alternatively, a non-filter substance such as a gel layer becomes gelled, and a cake layer made of non-filter substances such as fine particles, biological flocs, and metal hydroxide adheres to the membrane surface. The growth rate of the filtration resistance of the cake layer is much slower than that of the gel layer, but it forms a thick adhesion layer. These gel layers and cake layers cause filtration resistance, which lowers filtration efficiency. Therefore, after performing the membrane filtration for a certain period of time, or every time the membrane filtration operation reaches a certain filtration pressure, the operation is stopped, and bubbles are bubbled from the bottom of the membrane unit to float between the membranes and upward water flow. After removing the gel layer and the cake layer from the membrane surface, back washing is performed to recover the filtration performance. Aeration may be performed not only before backwashing but also after backwashing.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、従来は散気に
よって膜面からゲル層やケーク層を剥離、除去するのに
非常に時間がかゝる。従って、散気装置を駆動する動力
コストも非常に嵩む。However, conventionally, it takes a very long time to remove and remove the gel layer and the cake layer from the film surface by air diffusion. Therefore, the power cost for driving the air diffuser is also very high.
【０００４】[0004]
【課題を解決するための手段】そこで、本発明は、処理
槽の液中に膜ユニットを浸漬し、膜を透過した濾過処理
水を得る浸漬膜装置において、処理槽内の膜ユニットの
下方に粗大気泡の散気装置と、微細気泡の散気装置を設
けたことを特徴とする。Therefore, the present invention is an immersion membrane device in which a membrane unit is immersed in a liquid in a treatment tank to obtain filtered treated water that has permeated the membrane. A diffuser for coarse bubbles and a diffuser for fine bubbles are provided.
【０００５】[0005]
【実施例】図示の実施例において、１０は処理槽で、処
理槽の液中には膜ユニット１１が浸漬してあり、ポンプ
１２を接続した吸引管１３が膜ユニットの内部を吸引
し、処理槽内の原液中、膜ユニット１１を透過したもの
を濾過処理水として採水する。膜ユニットは、前述した
ように平膜の複数枚の積層体、又は中空糸膜を平面状、
或いはすだれ状にした膜エレメントの複数枚の積層体、
又は管状膜を複数本並行に接続したものである。In the illustrated embodiment, 10 is a treatment tank, in which the membrane unit 11 is immersed in the liquid of the treatment tank, and a suction pipe 13 connected to a pump 12 sucks the inside of the membrane unit to perform treatment. The undiluted solution in the tank that permeates the membrane unit 11 is sampled as filtered water. The membrane unit is, as described above, a laminate of a plurality of flat membranes, or a hollow fiber membrane in a planar shape,
Or a laminate of a plurality of blind-shaped membrane elements,
Alternatively, a plurality of tubular membranes are connected in parallel.
【０００６】濾過の進行に伴い濾過抵抗を生じさせる前
述の濃度分極層ないしゲル層と、ケーク層を気泡により
膜面から効果的に剥離すべく、気泡の大きさと、その効
果の関係に付いて研究した結果、以下のことが明らかに
なった。先ず濃度分極層ないしゲル層の抑制には、処理
槽内の液に膜面沿いの大流速を与えることが効果的であ
り、それには直径３ｍｍ以下の微小気泡による方が効果
が高い。これは、微小気泡の方がホールドアップ（気泡
混合部の気体の割合い）が大きくなり、エアリフト循環
流量が増大するためであって、粗大気泡で同じ効果を得
るには散気量を大幅に増す必要があり、エネルギー消費
が大になる。In order to effectively separate the above-mentioned concentration polarization layer or gel layer, which causes filtration resistance as the filtration progresses, and the cake layer from the film surface by the bubbles, the relationship between the size of the bubbles and the effect thereof is described. The research revealed the following: First, in order to suppress the concentration polarization layer or the gel layer, it is effective to apply a large flow velocity along the film surface to the liquid in the processing tank, and it is more effective to use micro bubbles having a diameter of 3 mm or less. This is because the hold-up (the ratio of the gas in the bubble mixing portion) of the micro bubbles is larger and the air lift circulation flow rate is increased. To obtain the same effect with the coarse bubbles, the air diffusion amount must be significantly increased. The energy consumption will be high.
【０００７】又、膜面に付着するケーク層を剥離するに
は、直径１０ｍｍ以上の粗大気泡を膜面に衝突させるこ
とが効果的である。これはケーク層の剥離が気泡の界面
での剪断力に起因するため、或る程度大きな気泡でない
と剥離に寄与しないからである。逆にいうと微小な気泡
をいくら散気し、膜面に衝突させてもケーク層は剥離し
ないということである。要するに、微小気泡のみを散気
した場合には濃度分極層の抑制には効果的ではあるが、
ケーク層を剥離することはできないため濾過抵抗が経時
的に増大し、膜面を透過する濾過流速は低下する。又、
粗大気泡のみを散気した場合は膜面流速を与えるために
は多大の散気量を必要とし、エネルギーロスが大にな
る。Further, in order to peel off the cake layer adhering to the film surface, it is effective to make coarse bubbles having a diameter of 10 mm or more collide with the film surface. This is because the peeling of the cake layer is caused by the shearing force at the interface of the bubbles, so that only the bubbles having a certain size contribute to the peeling. Conversely, it means that even if minute air bubbles are diffused and the film surface is collided, the cake layer is not separated. In short, when only fine bubbles are diffused, it is effective in suppressing the concentration polarization layer,
Since the cake layer cannot be peeled off, the filtration resistance increases with time, and the filtration flow rate passing through the membrane surface decreases. or,
When only coarse bubbles are diffused, a large amount of diffused air is required to give the flow velocity on the membrane surface, resulting in a large energy loss.
【０００８】このため、濾過槽内の、膜ユニット１１の
下方に、膜ユニットの下面全体に気泡を作用させるため
の散気孔が大きな粗大気泡用の散気装置１４と、散気孔
が小さい微小気泡用の散気装置が設けてあり、この実施
例では共通のブロワ１６で給気するようになっている。Therefore, in the filtration tank, below the membrane unit 11, an air diffuser 14 for large air bubbles having a large air diffusion hole for causing air bubbles to act on the entire lower surface of the membrane unit, and a micro air bubble having a small air diffusion hole are provided. An air diffuser for use is provided, and in this embodiment, a common blower 16 is used to supply air.
【０００９】従って、膜濾過を一定時間行ったら、又は
膜濾過の運転中に一定濾過圧力に達したら、運転を中止
し、逆洗を行う前後に、両散気装置１４，１５を同時に
連続的、或いは間欠的に作動するか、微小気泡の散気装
置１５のみ連続的に作動し、粗大気泡の散気装置１４は
間欠的に作動させるか、又は両散気装置１４，１５を共
に間欠的に作動させるが、粗大気泡の散気装置の散気時
間を短く（散気の中断間隔を長くすることを含む）する
といった具合に両散気装置を運転し、粗大気泡と、微小
気泡を膜ユニットの膜面に作用させる。尚、散気に付い
て実施例では膜の運転を中止した後に行う逆洗の前後に
行うもので説明したが、これに限らず膜の運転中に常時
行うものでもよい。Therefore, when the membrane filtration is performed for a certain period of time, or when a certain filtration pressure is reached during the operation of the membrane filtration, the operation is stopped, and both the air diffusers 14 and 15 are continuously operated at the same time before and after backwashing. Alternatively, the air diffuser 15 for micro bubbles is operated intermittently, or the air diffuser 14 for coarse bubbles is operated intermittently, or both air diffusers 14, 15 are intermittently operated. However, both air diffusers are operated by, for example, shortening the air diffusing time of the coarse air bubble diffusing device (including prolonging the air dwell interruption interval) to remove the coarse air bubbles and the fine air bubbles. It acts on the membrane surface of the unit. It should be noted that, in the embodiment, due to the aeration, the explanation has been given on the condition that it is carried out before and after the backwashing which is carried out after the operation of the membrane is stopped.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明の効果】これにより膜面に付着するゲル層、ケー
ク層を気泡を最小のエネルギーで効果的に膜面から剥離
し、濾過に寄与する有効膜面積を大きくとれるため膜面
を透過する濾過流束を常時、最良の状態に保ち、低エネ
ルギーで濾過を行うことができる。As a result, the gel layer and cake layer adhering to the membrane surface are effectively separated from the membrane surface with the minimum energy, and the effective membrane area that contributes to filtration can be increased, so that the filtration that permeates the membrane surface is performed. It is possible to keep the flux in the best condition at all times and perform the filtration with low energy.
【図１】本発明の一実施例の断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.
１０ 処理槽 １１ 膜ユニット １２ ポンプ １３ 吸引管 １４ 粗大気泡用の散気装置 １５ 微小気泡用の散気装置 １６ ブロワー 10 Treatment Tank 11 Membrane Unit 12 Pump 13 Suction Tube 14 Diffuser for Coarse Bubbles 15 Diffuser for Micro Bubbles 16 Blower
Claims (1)
を透過した濾過処理水を得る浸漬膜装置において、処理
槽内の膜ユニットの下方に粗大気泡の散気装置と、微細
気泡の散気装置を設けたことを特徴とする浸漬膜装置。1. An immersion membrane apparatus for immersing a membrane unit in a liquid in a treatment tank to obtain filtered treated water that has permeated the membrane, comprising: a diffuser for coarse bubbles and a fine bubble below the membrane unit in the treatment tank. An immersion membrane device, which is provided with an air diffuser.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34595693A JP3341427B2 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1993-12-24 | Immersion membrane equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34595693A JP3341427B2 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1993-12-24 | Immersion membrane equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07185270A true JPH07185270A (en) | 1995-07-25 |
| JP3341427B2 JP3341427B2 (en) | 2002-11-05 |
Family
ID=18380149
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34595693A Expired - Fee Related JP3341427B2 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1993-12-24 | Immersion membrane equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3341427B2 (en) |
Cited By (33)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| US6706189B2 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2004-03-16 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Cyclic aeration system for submerged membrane modules |
| US6899811B2 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2005-05-31 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Immersed membrane apparatus |
| US7014173B2 (en) | 1998-10-09 | 2006-03-21 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Cyclic aeration system for submerged membrane modules |
| US7022236B2 (en) | 2002-12-05 | 2006-04-04 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Membrane bioreactor, process and aerator |
| WO2007097260A1 (en) | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Method of producing chemical product and continuous fermentation apparatus |
| WO2008139836A1 (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-20 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Immersion type membrane separation apparatus and method of operating the same |
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-
1993
- 1993-12-24 JP JP34595693A patent/JP3341427B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| WO2011152461A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-08 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Solid-liquid separator device and operation method thereof |
| JPWO2011152461A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2013-08-01 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Solid-liquid separating device |
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