JPH07184507A - Culture of shellfish and culture device for shellfish - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To place implements for attaching young shellfishes in a specific culture device to culture the shellfishes and prevent undesired marine organisms from attaching, and effect uniform culture of the shellfishes with increased operation efficiency and labor saving. CONSTITUTION:The implements for attaching young shellfishes to be cultured attached at an appropriate level are placed in culture device such as culture cage which is made antifouling by coating a coating material such as a silicone coating which makes the attaching of shellfishes physically difficult but does not inhibit their growth to at least a part of its surface.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、貝類の養殖方法及びそ
れに使用する養殖器に関し、特に、貝類を均一な大きさ
で、生産性良く育成することができると共に、養殖の作
業効率の向上及び作業の省力化を図ることができ、更
に、海中で養殖するに際しては、不要の水生生物の付着
を防止すると共に、環境保全に寄与することのできる貝
類の養殖方法及びそれに使用する養殖器に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating shellfish and an aquaculture apparatus used for the method, and in particular, it is possible to cultivate shellfish with a uniform size and with high productivity, and to improve the working efficiency of aquaculture. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating shellfish and aquaculture equipment used for the method, which can save labor and can prevent unnecessary aquatic organisms from adhering when culturing in the sea and contribute to environmental protection.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来技術】従来、貝類の養殖は、大きく、「採苗」、
「中間育成」、「母貝育成」の三つの段階に分けられ養
殖が行われている。また、「採苗」は「人口採苗」、
「天然採苗」の二つに大きく分けられ、前者の「人口採
苗」とは、貝をタンクの中で、採卵、受精、孵化させた
後、浮遊した幼生を、付着時期にコレクターを投入する
ことにより、付着採集する技術であり、後者の「天然採
苗」とは、自然界で受精し浮遊している幼生の付着時期
に、杉葉等の付着器をいれ、付着採集する技術である。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, shellfish farming is largely called "seeding",
Aquaculture is carried out in three stages: "intermediate breeding" and "mother shell breeding". In addition, "seedling" is "population seedling,"
The former "population seedling" is roughly divided into "natural seedling". In the former, "population seedling" means that shellfish are collected, fertilized, and hatched in a tank, and then floating larvae are introduced at the time of attachment. The latter is "natural seedling", which is a technique that puts an appressor such as cedar leaves and attaches and collects at the time of attachment of larvae that are fertilized and suspended in nature. .

【０００３】「中間育成」とは、付着採集した種苗貝
を、「沖だし籠」や「沖だし生け簀」等を利用し、一般
漁場で育成できる大きさになる迄育成する技術である。
「母貝育成」とは、稚貝を沖だしした後、真珠貝やホタ
テ貝等では養殖籠（特開昭５８−１９４６６７号公
報）、カキ等では裸吊り等を利用して出荷できる大きさ
まで育成する技術である。しかしながら、以上の場合に
は、それぞれ、成長差が生ずるという欠点があり、従来
技術では、均一な貝の大きさを得ることや高い収穫率を
あげる事に限界があった。The "intermediate breeding" is a technique for breeding the seedlings that have been collected and attached, using "Oki dashi baskets", "Oki dashi cages", etc., until they reach a size where they can be raised on general fishing grounds.
The term "mother shell breeding" refers to a size that allows the pearl oysters and scallops to be shipped using aquaculture cages (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-194667) and oysters to be shipped using naked suspension after the juveniles have been taken offshore. It is a technique for nurturing. However, in each of the above cases, there is a drawback that a difference in growth occurs, and the conventional techniques have limitations in obtaining a uniform shell size and increasing a high yield rate.

【０００４】「成長差を生む原因」としては、第一に
「強制的な剥離採集」が挙げられる。即ち、「人口採
苗」の際、タンク壁面に付着した貝や底面に沈殿付着し
密殖となった貝を、タンク換えや水換えの時に無理矢理
剥がして採集しなければならず、剥がす際に足糸とつな
がった足筋を痛めたりする。このため、貝の受ける物理
的ショックは大きく、貝の成長が一時的に止まったりす
るので、最初から付着器に付着できた貝との間に成長差
が生まれていた。また、「中間育成」、「母貝育成」の
際にも、籠換えや分殖採集の場合と同様な問題が生じて
いたが、従来はこれらの欠点を解決することが出来なか
った。[0004] The "cause that causes the growth difference" is, firstly, "forced separation collection". That is, at the time of "population seedling", shellfish attached to the wall of the tank and shellfish that had settled to the bottom and became dense had to be peeled off and collected at the time of tank change or water change. It may hurt the leg muscles that are connected to the foot thread. For this reason, the shellfish receive a large physical shock and the growth of the shellfish temporarily stops, so that a growth difference was created between the shellfish and the shellfish that had been attached to the appressorium from the beginning. Further, also in the case of "intermediate breeding" and "mother shell breeding", the same problems as in the case of basket changing and split collection were encountered, but these drawbacks could not be solved in the past.

【０００５】成長差を生む原因の第二に、「貝同士の付
着干渉」が挙げられる。即ち、貝には固定物に付着して
生活する付着時期があるが、この時期に養殖籠などの容
器に入れて育成すると、貝は身体を固定しようとして、
籠の内側に付着するか、貝同士が互いに足糸で殻を固定
し合い、ボール状の塊を形成する。そして、塊の中心と
なった貝は塊の外側に付いた貝に比べ、貝殻の開閉困
難、餌料摂取困難、物理的な成長空間不足等の阻害要因
によって成長が低下する。The second cause of the difference in growth is "interference of adhesion between shellfish". That is, there is a period of time when the shellfish attach to a fixed object and live, but when they are put in a container such as a cage and raised at this time, the shellfish tries to fix the body,
It adheres to the inside of the basket, or the shells fix each other with foot threads and form a ball-shaped mass. The growth of the shellfish that is the center of the mass is lower than that of the shellfish that is attached to the outside of the mass due to obstacles such as difficulty in opening and closing the shellfish, difficulty in feeding, and lack of physical growth space.

【０００６】そこで、従来は杉葉や樹脂製の模造杉葉等
の付着器を養殖籠の中に入れ、付着器に貝を付着させて
成長格差をなくそうとする育成方法が採用されていた。
しかしながら、この方法においても、籠自体が一種の付
着器となる時期があり、育成初期には成長の格差が見ら
れないものの、貝の成長が進んだり、籠が汚れてくるに
従って、より環境の良い籠の内側に貝は移動しようと
し、移動できた貝は一種の汚れとなって籠の目合いを塞
ぎ、移動できずに付着器に残った貝との間に成長の格差
を生んでいた。Therefore, conventionally, a breeding method has been adopted in which an adhering device such as cedar leaves or resin-made imitation cedar leaves is placed in a culture basket and shells are adhered to the adhering device to eliminate the growth gap. .
However, even in this method, there is a period in which the cage itself becomes a kind of appressorium, and there is no difference in growth in the early stages of growth, but as the growth of shellfish progresses and the cage becomes soiled, it becomes more environmentally friendly. The shellfish tried to move inside the good cage, and the shellfish that could be moved became a kind of dirt, blocking the mesh of the basket and creating a growth gap with the shellfish that could not move and remained in the appressorium. .

【０００７】また、籠替えや分殖の際に、籠や付着器か
ら、貝を無理に採取しなければならないため、貝の受け
る物理的ショックが大きく、海況によって生存率が低下
する。従って均一な大きさの貝が得られない上、収穫の
歩留まりも悪く、更にフジツボ等の除去作業によって籠
の寿命も短くなるために多大の費用が必要となる。[0007] In addition, since the shellfish have to be forcibly collected from the cage and the appressor at the time of cage replacement or breeding, the shellfish suffers a large physical shock, and the survival rate decreases depending on sea conditions. Therefore, shellfish of uniform size cannot be obtained, the yield of harvest is poor, and the life of the cage is shortened by the work of removing the barnacles, etc., which requires a great deal of cost.

【０００８】また、寄生中駆除及び付着物除去を目的と
して、従来、水の浸透圧差を利用した濃塩水処理や淡水
処理を行っていたが、海洋生物が籠に大量に付着するた
めに、その目的を十分に達成することができなかった。
更に、養殖籠内部にも貝が付着しているため、籠替えや
分殖の際に貝を取り出す際の作業性が悪くなり、また、
貝の歩留まり率が悪いために、多数の貝が必要であっ
た。Further, for the purpose of exterminating parasitic substances and removing adhered substances, conventionally, concentrated salt water treatment and fresh water treatment utilizing the osmotic pressure difference of water have been carried out. I couldn't achieve my goal.
Furthermore, since shells adhere to the inside of the aquaculture cage, the workability when removing the shellfish during cage replacement and breeding becomes poor, and
Due to the poor yield of shellfish, many shellfish were required.

【０００９】また、海洋付着生物が籠の網目を塞ぐため
に、養殖籠毎に、ポンプで頻繁に水洗する必要があった
り、貝の大小差をなくすために、こまめに大きさ別に選
別し分殖する必要があり、多くの人員が必要であった。
更に、養殖資材全般に付着した付着生物を、漁場で高圧
洗浄や高温洗浄により取り除いていたが、付着物を回収
した後、洗浄水と一緒に船外へ流れ出す排水の影響によ
り、漁場環境が悪化するという問題があった。また、従
来用いられていた錫や銅系の防汚塗料や染料は、貝類に
とっては微量でも致命傷となるため、貝類の養殖には使
用することが出来なかった。[0009] Further, since marine attached organisms block the mesh of the cage, it is necessary to frequently wash with water by a pump for each aquaculture cage, and in order to eliminate the difference in size of the shellfish, it is diligently sorted according to size and divided. Needed and needed a lot of personnel.
Furthermore, the adhered organisms that adhered to all aquaculture materials were removed by high-pressure washing and high-temperature washing at the fishing ground, but after collecting the adhered material, the environment of the fishing ground deteriorates due to the effect of the drainage that flows out together with the cleaning water. There was a problem of doing. In addition, tin and copper antifouling paints and dyes that have been conventionally used cannot be used for aquaculture of shellfish, because even a small amount causes fatal damage to shellfish.

【００１０】[0010]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで、本発明者ら
は、係る欠点を改善すべく鋭意検討した結果、貝類が物
理的に付着し難い養殖器の中に付着器を配し、該付着器
に貝類を付着させた場合には、貝類が無駄なく且つ均一
に付着器に付着する結果、貝類を効率的に育成すること
ができると共に、作業効率の向上及び作業の省力化を図
ることができることを見出し、本発明に到達した。Therefore, as a result of diligent studies to improve the above drawbacks, the present inventors have arranged an appressor in an aquaculture device in which shellfish are hard to physically adhere, When the shellfish are attached to the shellfish, the shellfish can be attached to the appressor evenly without waste, so that the shellfish can be efficiently bred, work efficiency can be improved, and labor can be saved. And has reached the present invention.

【００１１】従って本発明の第１の目的は、高い生産性
で均一な大きさの貝を効率良く収穫することのできる貝
類の養殖方法を提供することにある。本発明の第２の目
的は、作業効率の向上及び作業の省力化を図ることがで
き、しかも魚場環境の保全を担保する貝類の養殖方法を
提供することにある。本発明の第３の目的は、均一な貝
を効率良く育成するに適した養殖器を提供することにあ
る。[0011] Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating shellfish that can efficiently harvest shellfish of uniform size with high productivity. A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating shellfish that can improve work efficiency and save labor, and that ensures the preservation of fishfield environment. A third object of the present invention is to provide a culture device suitable for efficiently growing uniform shellfish.

【００１２】[0012]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の上記の諸目的
は、貝類が物理的に付着し難い養殖器の中に付着器を配
し、該付着器に貝類を付着させる工程を含むことを特徴
とする貝類の養殖方法及びそれに使用する養殖器により
達成された。The above objects of the present invention include the step of placing an apposition device in a culture vessel in which shellfish are not physically attached and attaching the shellfish to the attachment device. This has been achieved by the characteristic method for cultivating shellfish and the aquaculture device used therefor.

【００１３】本発明の貝類の養殖方法は、貝類の育成時
に短期的に採用することも、長期的に採用することもで
きる。短期的に採用する例としては、例えば、あこや貝
の人口採苗における浮遊幼生の付着時に、内側が物理的
に付着し難い表面になっている飼育タンクに通常の付着
器を垂下すると共に、タンク底面に回収用付着器を配す
ることにより、全ての貝を付着器に自ら付着させるとい
う場合を挙げることができる。The method for cultivating shellfish according to the present invention can be adopted in the short term or in the long term at the time of growing the shellfish. As an example of short-term adoption, for example, when attaching floating larvae in the artificial nursery of Akoya oysters, suspend an ordinary appressor into a breeding tank whose inside is physically difficult to attach, and By arranging the collecting applicator on the bottom surface, all shells can be attached to the applicator by themselves.

【００１４】即ち、上記のようにした場合には、従来の
如く、付着器に付着することが出来なかった貝がタンク
の壁面や底部に付着することがないので、付着沈殿貝の
強制的な剥離採取及び剥離採取した貝の付着作業が不要
となり、貝にダメージを与えることがない。これによっ
て、貝に成長差が生じないので貝の大きさが均一化され
る。That is, in the case of the above, since the shellfish that could not be attached to the appressor does not adhere to the wall surface or the bottom of the tank as in the conventional case, the attached sedimentation shellfish is forcibly forced. There is no need to perform peeling and collecting and attaching the peeled and collected shellfish, and it will not damage the shellfish. As a result, there is no difference in growth between the shellfish and the shells are made uniform in size.

【００１５】長期的に採用する例としては、屋外での貝
の育成時に、物理的に付着し難い表面を有する養殖籠内
で、付着器を用いて養殖する場合を挙げることができ
る。即ち、付着器が密殖状態となる前に貝に新しい付着
器を接触させるだけで、貝自らの移動を助長することが
でき、自然分殖させることができる。As an example of long-term use, there is a case where a shell is cultivated outdoors by using an appressor in an aquaculture cage having a surface which is hard to adhere physically. That is, it is possible to promote the movement of the shellfish itself by allowing the shellfish to come into contact with a new appressorium before the appressor vessel becomes in a state of breeding, and to naturally breed the shellfish.

【００１６】即ち、貝が成長すると、初期から使用して
いた付着器は密殖状態になり、餌量や酸素供給に支障を
きたすが、このような状況下では、貝はより良い環境を
求めて自ら足糸を切り、付着器から離れ分散しようとす
る。この場合、従来では、養殖器自体が一種の付着器と
して機能するために、その器壁に貝が移動し、付着器に
残った貝と養殖器に付着した貝との間で成長の格差を生
じていたが、本発明の如く、養殖器の内側が物理的に付
着困難であると、新しい付着器を接触させるだけで速や
かに移動分殖が進行するので、貝の間で成長格差がおこ
らず、全ての貝が均一に成長する。[0016] That is, when the shellfish grows, the appressorium used from the beginning becomes a vegetative state, which impairs the amount of food and the supply of oxygen. Under such circumstances, the shellfish needs a better environment. He cuts the leg by himself and tries to disperse away from the appressorium. In this case, in the past, since the aquaculture device itself functions as a kind of appressor, shellfish move to the vessel wall, causing a growth gap between the shellfish remaining in the appressor and the shellfish attached to the aquaculture device. However, as in the present invention, when the inside of the aquaculture device is physically difficult to attach, the migration and breeding proceeds promptly just by bringing a new apposition device into contact, which causes a growth gap between the shellfish. No, all shellfish grow uniformly.

【００１７】また、貝自らの移動は、貝の付着嗜好を考
慮して、養殖籠に入れる付着器を、貝の大きさに合わせ
て、順次、柔らかいものから堅いものへと変えてやるこ
とにより、速やかに行われる。このようにすることによ
り、足糸を切らない自然な貝の移動が助長され、養殖籠
自体の防汚効果と相まって、効率良く貝を育成すること
ができる。特に、養殖籠を用いて海中で養殖するような
場合には、籠の外側も貝類が物理的に付着し難いような
表面であることが好ましい。このようにした場合には籠
の外表面に海洋生物が付着することがないので、籠の潮
通しを良好に維持することができる。Further, the movement of the shellfish itself is carried out by changing the attachment device to be put into the aquaculture cage from a soft one to a hard one in order according to the size of the shellfish in consideration of the attachment preference of the shellfish. , Done promptly. By doing so, the natural movement of the shellfish without cutting the sock thread is promoted, and the shellfish can be efficiently raised in combination with the antifouling effect of the aquaculture cage itself. In particular, when aquaculture is used to culture in the sea, it is preferable that the outside of the cage also has a surface on which the shellfish are hard to physically attach. In this case, the marine organisms do not adhere to the outer surface of the cage, so that the tidal flow of the cage can be favorably maintained.

【００１８】貝類が物理的に付着し難い表面は、養殖籠
等の養殖器を、シリコーンゴム等の貝類が付着し難い素
材を用いて製造することにより、或いは、通常の表面を
有する養殖器表面に、貝類が物理的に付着し難い被膜を
形成させる、表面防汚加工を行うことにより実現され
る。The surface to which the shellfish is hard to adhere is produced by manufacturing an aquaculture device such as a cage using a material such as a silicone rubber to which the shellfish is hard to adhere, or a surface having a normal surface. In addition, it is realized by performing a surface antifouling treatment for forming a film on which shellfish are hard to physically attach.

【００１９】本発明においては、養殖器として、水槽や
養殖籠を用いることができる。水槽や養殖籠の、貝類が
付着し難い表面は多ければ多い程良いが、例えば、底面
内側のみに前記表面防汚加工を施しただけでも、十分に
有効である。養殖籠自体の表面加工をせずに、物理的に
付着し難いように表面防汚加工された中敷を配しても良
く、このような場合も、本発明に包含される。同様に、
養殖籠の外側表面について前記防汚加工を施す場合に
も、その加工部分は多ければ多い程、良好である。In the present invention, an aquarium or aquaculture cage can be used as the aquaculture device. The more the surface of the aquarium or the aquaculture cage where the shellfish is hard to adhere, the better, but for example, it is sufficiently effective to apply the surface antifouling treatment only to the inside of the bottom surface. The surface of the aquaculture basket itself may not be surface-treated, and an insole whose surface is antifouling-treated may be arranged so that it is hard to be physically attached. Such a case is also included in the present invention. Similarly,
Even when the outer surface of the aquaculture cage is subjected to the antifouling treatment, the more the processed portion, the better.

【００２０】本発明において、貝類が物理的に付着し難
い表面に防汚加工することは、加工したい表面に、貝類
の生長に悪影響を与えず、物理的に付着し難くする防汚
塗料を塗布することにより容易に行うことができる。上
記の防汚塗料は、貝類の育成に害を与える薬剤を含まな
いシリコーン系又はフッ素系の塗料の中から適宜選択す
ることができるが、特にシリコーン系の塗料が好まし
く、中でも特開平３−２０３７０号公報に記載された防
汚塗料が好ましい。この塗料の塗布は、例えば上塗り塗
装としてシリコーン塗料を、下塗り塗装としてアクリル
塗料を用い、それぞれドブ漬け法等の公知の方法によっ
て行うことができる。In the present invention, the antifouling treatment on the surface to which the shellfish is hard to physically adhere is applied to the surface to be treated with an antifouling paint which does not adversely affect the growth of the shellfish and makes it hard to physically attach. By doing so, it can be easily performed. The above-mentioned antifouling paint can be appropriately selected from silicone-based or fluorine-based paints that do not contain agents that harm shellfish growth, but silicone-based paints are particularly preferred, and among these, JP-A-3-20370. The antifouling paint described in Japanese Patent Publication is preferred. This coating can be applied by a known method such as a soaking method using a silicone coating as a top coating and an acrylic coating as a bottom coating.

【００２１】従って、本発明の養殖籠は、貝類等の水生
生物が物理的に付着し難い表面を有する限り、特に制限
されず、その中に配された付着器に貝が付着して成長し
得るものであれば、その大きさや形に限定はない。例え
ば、潮通しを良くするための多数の孔を有する板を用い
て、開閉又は分割可能な箱状の籠としても良いし（図１
参照）、高分子繊維を用いて網型の養殖籠を作製しても
良い（図２及び図３参照）。Therefore, the aquaculture cage of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a surface to which aquatic organisms such as shellfish are physically difficult to attach, and shellfish attach to and grow on the appressor arranged therein. There is no limitation on the size or shape of the item as long as it is obtained. For example, a plate having a large number of holes for improving tidal flow may be used to form a box-shaped basket that can be opened or closed (see FIG. 1).
Alternatively, a net-type aquaculture cage may be produced using polymer fibers (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

【００２２】本発明の養殖器を籠型で使用する場合に
は、水槽又は海中への出し入れのために、籠の上部に、
ロープ等を結合させるための結合手段を具備させること
が好ましい。上記養殖籠の材料は、公知の材料の中から
適宜選択して使用することができるが、特にポリエチレ
ン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、ナイロン等の
ポリアミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のポリエス
テル、ＡＢＳ、塩化ビニル及び塩化ビニリデン等の高分
子化合物を使用することが好ましい。尚、シリコーンゴ
ム等の、貝類が物理的に付着し難い材料を使用しても良
いことは前述した通りである。また、付着器は、公知の
天然または合成の付着器の中から適宜選択して使用する
ことができる。When the aquaculture apparatus of the present invention is used in a cage type, it is placed at the top of the cage in order to put it in and out of the water tank or the sea.
It is preferable to provide a connecting means for connecting a rope or the like. The material of the above-mentioned aquaculture basket can be appropriately selected and used from known materials, and in particular, polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyamide such as nylon, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, ABS, vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. It is preferable to use a polymer compound such as As described above, a material such as silicone rubber to which shellfish does not physically adhere may be used. Further, the appressor can be appropriately selected and used from known natural or synthetic appressors.

【００２３】防汚加工は、必要な箇所に浸漬塗布、スプ
レー塗布、ハケ塗り等の公知の手段によって防汚塗料を
塗布することによって行うことができる。籠が多孔板で
構成されている場合には、孔の付近のみに塗布して防汚
加工を施しても良い。また、特に籠が網状である場合に
は、繊維の周囲に塗布した方がより効果的であるので、
塗布方法としてはドブ付けが最も容易かつ効果的であ
る。The antifouling treatment can be carried out by applying an antifouling paint to a necessary place by a known means such as dip coating, spray coating, brush coating and the like. When the cage is made of a perforated plate, it may be applied only in the vicinity of the holes for antifouling treatment. Also, especially when the cage is reticulated, it is more effective to apply it around the fibers, so
As a coating method, dobbing is the easiest and most effective.

【００２４】[0024]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、養殖籠の網目が塞がれ
ることがないので、餌料の流通や酸素供給が従来より改
善され、貝の生存率を著しく高めることができる。ま
た、養殖籠に貝自体が付着することができないようにす
ることにより、育成初期段階から付着器への付着を強制
的に促すことができるので、貝の育成を平均化し、貝の
大きさを均一化することができる。更に、付着器を追加
することにより自然分殖も容易であるので、貝類の成長
にとって好ましい環境を常に維持することができる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, since the mesh of the aquaculture cage is not blocked, the distribution of feed and the supply of oxygen are improved as compared with the prior art, and the survival rate of shellfish can be remarkably increased. In addition, by preventing the shellfish from adhering to the aquaculture cage, it is possible to forcibly promote the attachment of the shellfish to the appressor from the initial stage of growing the shellfish. It can be made uniform. Furthermore, since natural breeding is facilitated by adding an appressor, it is possible to always maintain a favorable environment for shellfish growth.

【００２５】また、従来行ってきた養殖器の清掃や分殖
の手間がなくなるので、作業効率も著しく改善される。
特に海中で養殖する場合には、養殖籠の外側表面を防汚
加工することによって不要の水生生物の付着をも防止す
ることができるので、従来行ってきた海上での洗浄作業
等が不要となり、その手間を省略することができる上、
海洋汚染を防止することができる。更に、目合いの細か
い籠を使用出来るので、フジツボ、イガイ、カンザシ
等、従来その侵入を防ぐことが困難であった付着生物の
侵入を防ぐこともできるFurther, since the labor for cleaning and dividing the aquaculture apparatus which has been conventionally performed is eliminated, the working efficiency is remarkably improved.
Especially when culturing in the sea, it is possible to prevent unnecessary aquatic organisms from adhering by performing an antifouling treatment on the outer surface of the aquaculture cage, which eliminates the conventional washing work on the sea. You can save the trouble and
Marine pollution can be prevented. Furthermore, since a cage with a fine mesh can be used, it is possible to prevent the invasion of attached organisms such as barnacles, mussels, and thorns, which were difficult to prevent in the past.

【００２６】[0026]

【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて更に説明す
るが、本発明はこれによって限定されるものではない。EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

【００２７】実施例１．アクリル樹脂１００部〔大日本
インキ化学工業株式会社製のアクリディック５６−３７
５（商品名）２００部〕、ＨＬＢ（高分子中のポリオキ
シエチレンの重量％／５）が５のポリエーテル変性シリ
コーンオイル（信越化学工業株式会社製）２２部、ポリ
ブテン樹脂（出光石油化学株式会社製）３４部、及びキ
シレン３６４部を混合し、ミキサーによって十分に分散
して調製した防汚塗料中に、容積が縦４０ｃｍ×横２５
ｃｍ×高さ１５ｃｍの穴の開いた箱型の容器（図１参
照）の底部をドブ漬けした後取り出し、乾燥して、籠底
部の表面を物理的付着が困難となるように防汚加工し
た。Example 1. 100 parts of acrylic resin [Acrydic 56-37 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.
5 (trade name) 200 parts], HLB (weight% of polyoxyethylene in polymer / 5% by weight) of 5 polyether modified silicone oil (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 22 parts, polybutene resin (Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (Manufactured by the company), and 34 parts of xylene and 364 parts of xylene were mixed and sufficiently dispersed in a mixer to prepare an antifouling paint having a volume of 40 cm in length and 25 in width.
cm × 15 cm height box-shaped container with a hole (see FIG. 1) was soaked at the bottom, taken out, and dried, and the surface of the basket bottom was subjected to antifouling treatment to make physical adhesion difficult. .

【００２８】上記のようにして防汚加工した養殖籠と、
防汚加工しない養殖籠夫々１００個を用意し、各籠の内
部に採苗後２０ケ月を経過したあこや母貝１００個を入
れ、同一の漁場で、約６ケ月間試験飼育した。その結
果、防汚加工した籠底部及び流通穴には付着物が付か
ず、育成環境は試験開始時と同様の良好な状態に保た
れ、ヘイ死する貝は少ないことが確認された。An aquaculture basket which is antifouling processed as described above,
100 aquaculture cages without antifouling treatment were prepared, and 100 akoya mother oysters 20 months after seeding were put inside each cage, and they were experimentally bred for about 6 months in the same fishing ground. As a result, it was confirmed that no deposits were attached to the basket bottom portion and the circulation holes that had been subjected to the antifouling treatment, the growth environment was maintained in the same good condition as at the start of the test, and that the number of oyster-dead shellfish was small.

【００２９】これに対し、防汚加工しない養殖籠では、
付着生物のために流通穴が詰まり、海水の流通が阻害さ
れたので、試験開始後約２ケ月目から、毎月底面掃除を
行なわなければならなかった。また、底面掃除が遅れた
養殖籠中の貝は、酸欠のために全滅するのみならず、冬
場の低温時に海上で底面掃除を行なった場合には、貝に
ショックを与えるのでヘイ死する貝が多く見られた。On the other hand, in the aquaculture basket that is not subjected to the antifouling treatment,
Since the circulation holes were clogged by the attached organisms and the circulation of seawater was obstructed, the bottom surface had to be cleaned every month from about two months after the start of the test. In addition, the shellfish in the aquaculture cage whose bottom surface cleaning has been delayed are not only completely destroyed due to oxygen deficiency, but when the bottom surface cleaning is performed on the sea at low temperatures in winter, it causes shock to the shellfish and causes the shellfish to die. Was seen a lot.

【００３０】実施例２．縦３０ｃｍ×横３０ｃｍ×高さ
３０ｃｍで、２４メッシュと、目合いの細い稚貝沖だし
用網籠（図２参照）を、実施例１で使用した防汚塗料中
にドブ付けした後乾燥し、全表面防汚加工して養殖籠を
調製した。得られた防汚加工した養殖籠１００個と、防
汚加工しない籠１００個を用意し、各籠の内部に、採苗
後５０日経過したあこや稚貝が付着した付着器を配し、
同一の漁場で約１ケ月間試験飼育した。Example 2. 30 cm in length × 30 cm in width × 30 cm in height, 24 mesh, and a net basket for juvenile offshore stock with a fine mesh (see FIG. 2) were dipped in the antifouling paint used in Example 1 and then dried. The whole surface was subjected to antifouling treatment to prepare a culture basket. 100 pieces of the obtained antifouling-treated aquaculture cages and 100 pieces of the antifouling-free cages were prepared, and an appressor to which Akoya and young oysters 50 days after seeding were attached was placed inside each cage.
Test breeding was carried out at the same fishing ground for about 1 month.

【００３１】その結果、防汚加工した籠には付着物が付
かず、成育環境は試験開始時と同様に良好な状態に保た
れ、また、貝は付着器全体に均一に広がっており、２ケ
月経過後もヘイ死した貝は見られなかった。これに対
し、防汚加工しない籠では、網の目合いが細いので、付
着生物がわずかであっても網目が詰まり、海水の流通が
阻害されていた。このため、貝は少しでも良い環境を得
ようと籠の内側全体に付着し、貝自身が目詰まりの原因
となっていることが判明した。また、籠の底部に落下し
た貝の中には、多くのヘイ死貝が見られた。As a result, no deposits were attached to the antifouling-processed basket, the growth environment was maintained in the same good condition as at the start of the test, and the shellfish were evenly spread over the entire applicator. No dead shells were seen even after the lapse of months. On the other hand, in the basket which is not subjected to the antifouling treatment, the mesh of the net is thin, so that the net is clogged even if the attached organisms are small, and the flow of seawater is obstructed. For this reason, it was found that the shellfish adhered to the entire inside of the basket to obtain a better environment, and the shellfish itself was the cause of clogging. In addition, many dead oysters were found in the shells that fell to the bottom of the basket.

【００３２】これらの結果から、本発明の養殖器によれ
ば、長期間、籠への海洋生物と育成貝の付着を防止する
ことができ、籠が目詰まりしないので、籠内部への餌料
及び酸素供給が良好に保たれる上、籠内の***物の堆積
等による飼育環境の悪化が防がれ、貝の生存を助長する
ことができることが確認された。From these results, according to the aquaculture device of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the adhesion of marine organisms and growing shellfish to the cage for a long period of time and the cage is not clogged. It was confirmed that the oxygen supply was maintained well, the deterioration of the breeding environment due to the accumulation of excrement in the cage was prevented, and the survival of the shellfish could be promoted.

【００３３】実施例３．縦３０ｃｍ×横３０ｃｍ×高さ
１５ｃｍの、２分目の目合いの三角ちょうちん籠（図３
参照）を、実施例１で使用した防汚塗料を用い、実施例
２と同様に防汚加工して養殖籠を調製した。得られた防
汚加工した養殖籠１００個と、防汚加工しない籠１００
個を用意し、各籠の内部に新しく付着器を配した後に、
採苗後約１５０日経過のあこや稚貝を１１０個入れ、同
一の漁場で約４５日間試験飼育した。Example 3. 30cm x 30cm x 15cm height, a triangular lantern basket for the 2nd minute (Fig. 3)
(See Reference) was treated with the antifouling paint used in Example 1 in the same manner as in Example 2 to prepare a culture cage. 100 aquaculture cages obtained with antifouling treatment and 100 cages without antifouling treatment
After preparing an individual and arranging a new appressor inside each basket,
About 150 days after seedling collection, 110 Akoya fry shells were put and test-reared at the same fishing ground for about 45 days.

【００３４】その結果、防汚加工した籠では、分殖その
他の手入れを全く行わなくても、そのまま順調に育成し
た。これに対し、防汚加工しない籠では、経験的に分殖
が必要となることが分かっているので、一籠あたり３３
０個入れ、約１ケ月後に、貝の成長差を理由に１３０個
入りに分殖作業（貝を籠から出し、貝の大きさで選別
し、小さな貝を廃棄する）を行った。As a result, the antifouling-processed cage was cultivated smoothly without any division or other care. On the other hand, it is empirically known that a cage without antifouling treatment requires division, so 33
About one month later, 0 pieces were put in, and 130 pieces were put into pieces for the reason of the difference in the growth of the shellfish (the shellfish were taken out of the basket, sorted according to the size of the shellfish, and the small shellfish were discarded).

【００３５】この場合、潮通しを良くするために、分殖
と同時に、四分目の、大きい目合いの籠に籠替えを実施
しなければならなかった。また、籠から貝を出すときは
籠に貝が付着しており、取り出しが困難であった。これ
らの結果から、本発明の養殖器によれば、長期間水中生
物の付着による籠の目詰まりを防止することができるの
で、高圧水洗や籠換え作業の回数を減らすことができ、
また養殖作業の省力化を実現できることが確認された。In this case, in order to improve the tidal flow, it was necessary to change the cage to the cage with a large mesh at the fourth minute at the same time as the division. Moreover, when the shellfish were taken out from the basket, the shellfish adhered to the basket, and it was difficult to take out the shellfish. From these results, according to the aquaculture device of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the clogging of the basket due to the attachment of aquatic organisms for a long time, it is possible to reduce the number of high-pressure water washing and basket changing work,
It was also confirmed that labor saving in aquaculture work could be realized.

【００３６】実施例４．実施例２で使用した防汚加工し
た養殖籠１００個と、防汚加工しない籠１００個を用意
し、各籠の内部に新しく付着器を配した後、採苗後約１
５０日経過後のあこや稚貝を一籠当たり１１０個入れ、
同一の漁場で約１５日間試験飼育した。その結果、防汚
加工した籠では、試験開始後約１日で、付着器を芯とし
て貝が均一に付着し、その後も分殖その他の手入を行わ
ないにもかかわらず、均一に大きく成長していた。Example 4. After preparing 100 antifouling-treated aquaculture cages used in Example 2 and 100 cages not subjected to antifouling treatment, a new apposition device was placed inside each cage, and about 1 after seeding.
Put 50 Akoya fry after 50 days in a basket,
Test breeding was carried out in the same fishing ground for about 15 days. As a result, in the antifouling-processed cage, the shells adhered evenly with the appressor as the core about 1 day after the test started, and even after that, even if no breeding or other care was performed, the shell grew uniformly and greatly. Was.

【００３７】これに対し、防汚加工しない籠では、試験
開始後約２日で貝がボール状に固まったので、試験終了
直前に、貝の成長差を理由に分殖作業（貝を籠から出
し、貝の大きさで選別し、小さな貝を廃棄する）を行
い、同時に潮通しを良くするために、四分目の、大きい
目合いの籠に籠替えを実施したが、防汚加工した籠で飼
育した貝より小さく、しかも成長差が大きいことが確認
された。On the other hand, in the cages not subjected to the antifouling treatment, the shells were solidified into a ball shape in about 2 days after the start of the test. It was put out, sorted according to the size of the shellfish, and the small shellfish was discarded. At the same time, in order to improve tidal flow, the basket was replaced with a basket with a large mesh at the fourth minute, but it was treated with antifouling. It was confirmed that it was smaller than the shellfish bred in the cage and the growth difference was large.

【００３８】これらの結果から、本発明によれば、籠に
付着防止効果を持たせることによって籠を一種の型枠、
防汚塗料を一種の離型剤として使用することができ、型
を抜くように全ての貝を付着器に効率良く付着させるこ
とができること、そして、これによって貝の効率的な成
長を促すことができることが確認された。From these results, according to the present invention, the basket is provided with an anti-adhesion effect, so that
The antifouling paint can be used as a kind of mold release agent, all the shellfish can be efficiently attached to the applicator like a mold, and this can promote efficient growth of the shellfish. It was confirmed that it was possible.

【００３９】実施例５．実施例２で使用した防汚加工し
た養殖籠１００個と、防汚加工しない籠１００個を用意
し、各籠に、採苗後約１００日経過後のあこや稚貝を一
籠当たり５００個入れ、淡水処理（貝の寄生虫駆除及び
付着物除去のため、海水と淡水の浸透圧差を利用して行
う作業）を行った後、同一漁場で約一か月間飼育し、貝
殻への虫の侵入数を計数した。その結果、防汚加工した
籠では、籠自体に汚れが付着していないため淡水の比重
が上がり難く、水換え間隔も従来の約２倍とすることが
できる上、虫の侵入数及び浸透時間も少なくすることが
できた。Example 5. 100 anti-fouling aquaculture cages used in Example 2 and 100 non-anti-fouling cages were prepared. In each cage, 500 akoya fry after 100 days from the seeding were put in each cage, After performing freshwater treatment (work to utilize the osmotic pressure difference between seawater and freshwater to exterminate parasites in shellfish and remove adhered substances), breed them in the same fishing ground for about one month, and infiltrate the insects into the shells. Was counted. As a result, in the antifouling-processed basket, the specific gravity of fresh water is hard to increase because the basket itself has no dirt attached, and the water change interval can be doubled from the conventional one, and the number of insects invaded and the penetration time I was able to reduce it.

【００４０】これに対し、防汚加工しない籠では籠自体
に汚れが付着しているため、淡水の比重が上がり易く、
水換え間隔も約半分と防汚加工した場合より劣る結果で
あった。また、虫の侵入数が多い上、浸透時間も長くし
なければならなかった。これらの結果から、貝の寄生虫
の駆除や付着物除去のために、従来行っていた浸透圧濃
塩水処理や淡水処理の回数を、本発明においては著しく
少なくすることができることが確認された。On the other hand, in the basket which is not subjected to the antifouling treatment, dirt is attached to the basket itself, so that the specific gravity of fresh water is easily increased,
The water change interval was about half, which was inferior to the case of antifouling treatment. In addition, the number of insects invaded was large and the penetration time had to be long. From these results, it was confirmed that the number of osmotic salt water treatments and fresh water treatments conventionally performed for the control of shellfish parasites and the removal of deposits can be significantly reduced in the present invention.

【００４１】実施例６．実施例２で使用した防汚加工し
た養殖籠１００個と、防汚加工しない籠１００個を用意
し、各籠に、採苗後約１５０日経過のあこや稚貝を一籠
当たり３００個入れた籠を同一の漁場で約２ケ月間飼育
した。その結果、防汚加工した籠では籠自体に汚れが付
着していないため、淡水処理によって貝に付いた汚れを
除去することができ、汚れが拡散しなかった。Example 6. 100 anti-fouling aquaculture cages used in Example 2 and 100 non-anti-fouling cages were prepared and 300 cages of Akoya and fry shells about 150 days after seeding were put in each cage. The cages were bred at the same fishing ground for about 2 months. As a result, in the antifouling-processed basket, no stain was attached to the basket itself, so that the stain on the shellfish could be removed by the fresh water treatment, and the stain did not spread.

【００４２】これに対し、防汚加工しない籠では、試験
開始後１ケ月目から汚れが付着し始め、定期的に目詰ま
りを起こしたので、高圧水洗を海上で実施しなければな
らず、除去廃棄物によって漁場環境の悪化を招いた。こ
れらの結果から、本発明によれば、海洋生物の付着を大
幅に減らす結果、除去廃棄物を減少させることができ、
漁場環境の保全に寄与できることが確認された。On the other hand, in the baskets not subjected to the antifouling treatment, the stains began to adhere from the first month after the start of the test, and the clogging occurred periodically. Therefore, the high pressure water washing had to be carried out at the sea and the removal was performed. Waste material caused deterioration of the fishing ground environment. From these results, according to the present invention, as a result of significantly reducing the adhesion of marine organisms, it is possible to reduce the removal waste,
It was confirmed that it can contribute to the conservation of the fishing ground environment.

【００４３】実施例７．実施例２で使用した防汚加工し
た養殖籠１００個と、防汚加工しない籠１００個を用意
し、各籠に、採苗後約１５０日経過後のあこや稚貝を、
一籠当たり５００個入れた籠を同一漁場で約１ケ月間飼
育した。その結果、防汚加工した籠では稚貝が順調に成
育し、貝のヘイ死は見られなかった。これに対し、防汚
加工しない籠では１日目からヘイ死が始まり、２日目で
全滅していた。このように、本発明においては、従来使
用していたような、貝に悪影響を与える付着忌避物質を
使用しないので、安全に貝類の養殖を行うことができる
ことが確認された。Example 7. 100 anti-fouling aquaculture cages used in Example 2 and 100 non-fouling anti-fouling cages were prepared, and each cage was provided with Akoya fry after 150 days of seedling collection.
500 cages per cage were bred at the same fishing ground for about 1 month. As a result, juveniles grew smoothly in the antifouling-treated cages, and no hay death was observed. On the other hand, in the cages not subjected to the antifouling treatment, hay death started from the first day and was completely wiped out on the second day. As described above, in the present invention, it was confirmed that the shellfish can be safely cultivated because the adhesion repellent substance that has a bad effect on the shellfish, which has been conventionally used, is not used.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】本発明に係る養殖器（抑制籠）の斜視図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an aquaculture device (suppression cage) according to the present invention.

【図２】本発明に係る養殖籠（ラッセル籠）の斜視図で
ある。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a culture cage (Russell cage) according to the present invention.

【図３】本発明に係る養殖籠（三角ちょうちん籠）の他
の例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of the aquaculture cage (triangular lantern cage) according to the present invention.

Claims (9)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 貝類が物理的に付着し難い養殖器の中に
付着器を配し、該付着器に貝類を付着させる工程を含む
ことを特徴とする貝類の養殖方法。1. A method for cultivating shellfish, comprising the step of disposing the aggregator in a culture vessel to which the shellfish does not physically adhere and attaching the shellfish to the aggregator. 【請求項２】 貝類の成長に従って適宜付着器を養殖器
中に追加し、密殖を防止する請求項１に記載の貝類の養
殖方法。2. The method for cultivating shellfish according to claim 1, wherein an aggressor is added to the aquaculture apparatus as the shell grows to prevent poultry. 【請求項３】 養殖すべき貝類の稚貝を適度に付着させ
た付着器を養殖器にいれて養殖する貝類の養殖方法であ
って、前記養殖器として、その表面の少なくとも一部が
貝類の成長を阻害せず、貝類の付着を物理的に困難にす
る塗料によって防汚加工された養殖籠を使用することを
特徴とする貝類の養殖方法。3. A method for cultivating shellfish by placing an adhering device, to which a juvenile shellfish to be cultivated is appropriately attached, in the aquaculture device, wherein at least a part of the surface of the aquaculture device is a shellfish. A method for cultivating shellfish, which comprises using a culture cage antifouling-treated with a paint that does not hinder the growth and makes it difficult to attach the shellfish physically. 【請求項４】 水槽の内面が、貝類の成長を阻害せず、
貝類の付着を物理的に困難にする塗料によって防汚加工
されてなる、請求項１に記載の養殖方法に使用する養殖
器。4. The inner surface of the aquarium does not inhibit the growth of shellfish,
The aquaculture device for use in the aquaculture method according to claim 1, which is antifouling-treated with a paint that makes it difficult to attach shellfish physically. 【請求項５】 その表面の少なくとも１部が、貝類の成
長を阻害せず、貝類の付着を物理的に困難にする塗料に
よって防汚加工されてなる、貝類の養殖籠。5. A shellfish aquaculture cage in which at least a part of the surface thereof is antifouling-treated with a paint that does not inhibit the growth of shellfish and makes it physically difficult to attach the shellfish. 【請求項６】 少なくとも内側の大部分が防汚加工され
てなる、請求項５に記載の貝類の養殖籠。6. The shellfish aquaculture cage according to claim 5, wherein at least a large part of the inside is subjected to antifouling treatment. 【請求項７】 少なくとも外側の大部分が防汚加工され
てなる、請求項５に記載の貝類の養殖籠。7. The shellfish cage according to claim 5, wherein at least a majority of the outside is antifouling processed. 【請求項８】 内側と外側の大部分が共に防汚加工され
てなる請求項５に記載の貝類の養殖籠。8. The shellfish aquaculture cage according to claim 5, wherein most of the inside and the outside are antifouling processed. 【請求項９】 水槽又は養殖籠の内側に中敷を配してな
る請求項１に記載の養殖器であって、中敷の少なくとも
付着器を配する側の表面が、貝類の成長を阻害せず、貝
類の付着を物理的に困難にする塗料によって、防汚加工
されていることを特徴とする養殖器。9. The aquaculture device according to claim 1, wherein the insole is placed inside a water tank or aquaculture cage, wherein the surface of the insole on which at least the apposition device is placed inhibits the growth of shellfish. The aquaculture device is characterized by being antifouling-treated with a paint that does not allow the shellfish to physically adhere.