JPH07128296A - Magnetic head for barkhausen noise detection, and detecting system using it - Google Patents

Magnetic head for barkhausen noise detection, and detecting system using it

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Publication number
JPH07128296A
JPH07128296A JP30106393A JP30106393A JPH07128296A JP H07128296 A JPH07128296 A JP H07128296A JP 30106393 A JP30106393 A JP 30106393A JP 30106393 A JP30106393 A JP 30106393A JP H07128296 A JPH07128296 A JP H07128296A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
head
core
exciting
barkhausen noise
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP30106393A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3092837B2 (en
Inventor
Toru Inaguma
徹 稲熊
Hiroaki Sakamoto
広明 坂本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Steel Corp filed Critical Nippon Steel Corp
Priority to JP05301063A priority Critical patent/JP3092837B2/en
Priority to US08/336,207 priority patent/US5565773A/en
Publication of JPH07128296A publication Critical patent/JPH07128296A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3092837B2 publication Critical patent/JP3092837B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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  • Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To detect the Barkhausen noise without using a frequency filter ring device by using an empty core coil as a detecting head, and fixing the center of gravity of its detecting surface in a specified area to a magnetic head. CONSTITUTION:An exciting head is formed of an U-shaped core 1 formed of a soft magnetic material, and an exciting coil 2. As a detecting head, an empty core coil 3 having an enamel fine wire wound on an acrylic core material is used. The middle point of the line mutually connecting the centers of the inside distance (a) between both leg parts of the core 1 and the thickness (b) of the core 1 measured vertically to the direction of the inside distance (a) is taken as the origin, and X-axis and Y-axis are defined in the direction of (a) and in the vertical direction to the X-axis, respectively. The center of gravity of the detecting surface of the empty core coil 3 is fixed within the area enclosed by ¦X¦<=0.2a, ¦Y¦<=0.8b to the exciting head. In this area, the voltage waveform of low frequency having the same frequency as the exciting frequency is minimized, and the voltage of the Barkhausen noise superposed on this voltage waveform of low frequency is relatively increased.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明はバルクハウゼンノイズ検
出用磁気ヘッドおよびそれを用いた検出システムに係わ
り、特に、被測定物の磁気的性質からその組織、応力、
疲労度等を非破壊で検査するために用いられる磁気ヘッ
ドおよび検出システムに関し、例えば鉄鋼材料等へ適用
して好適である。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a Barkhausen noise detection magnetic head and a detection system using the same, and more particularly, to the structure, stress,
The present invention relates to a magnetic head and a detection system used for nondestructively inspecting the fatigue level and the like, and is suitable for application to, for example, steel materials.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来より、材料の磁気的性質が、結晶粒
径や析出物などの組織、ひずみ等に依存することを利用
して、被測定物の材質を非破壊的に検査することが試み
られている。すなわち、被測定物を励磁すると、被測定
物の磁化が変化するが、この変化から被測定物の組織や
ひずみの状態を知ることができるのを利用して検査する
ようにしている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it is possible to nondestructively inspect the material of an object to be measured by utilizing the fact that the magnetic properties of the material depend on the crystal grain size, the structure such as precipitates, and the strain. Being tried. That is, when the object to be measured is excited, the magnetization of the object to be measured changes, and the fact that the texture and the state of strain of the object to be measured can be known from this change is used for the inspection.

【0003】具体的には、例えば、透磁率を測定して鋼
材の引っ張り強さを見積もる方法や保磁力によって焼き
入れ強度を見積もる方法等がある。また、最近では磁化
の不連続性に起因するバルクハウゼンノイズを用いた方
法が注目されており、それを用いて軟鋼の疲労強度
(L.P.Karjalainenら、IEEE Tr
ans.Mag.MAG16、514(1980))
や、工具鋼の靱性を推定する方法などが提唱されてい
る。
Specifically, for example, there are a method of estimating the tensile strength of a steel material by measuring the magnetic permeability, a method of estimating the quenching strength by the coercive force, and the like. Recently, a method using Barkhausen noise caused by the discontinuity of magnetization has attracted attention, and using it, fatigue strength of mild steel (LP Karjalainen et al., IEEE Tr.
ans. Mag. MAG16, 514 (1980))
Also, methods for estimating the toughness of tool steel have been proposed.

【0004】例えば、透磁率を測定して鋼材の引っ張り
強さを見積もる方法、保磁力によって焼き入れ強度を見
積もる方法等がある。また、最近では磁化の不連続性に
起因するバルクハウゼンノイズを用いた方法が注目され
ている。
For example, there are a method of estimating the tensile strength of the steel material by measuring the magnetic permeability, a method of estimating the quenching strength by the coercive force, and the like. In addition, recently, a method using Barkhausen noise caused by the discontinuity of magnetization has attracted attention.

【0005】ところで、強磁性体である被測定物を交流
励磁すると、被測定物の内部では励磁磁場の変化に伴い
磁化が変化する。通常、磁化の変化は磁壁移動によって
行われ、この磁壁の移動は析出物、結晶粒界、ひずみの
存在する領域で不連続な動きをする。
When an object to be measured, which is a ferromagnetic material, is subjected to AC excitation, the magnetization inside the object to be measured changes as the exciting magnetic field changes. Usually, the change in the magnetization is caused by the domain wall movement, and the domain wall movement moves discontinuously in a region where precipitates, crystal grain boundaries, and strain exist.

【0006】したがって、被測定物の磁化も不連続的に
変化し、検出コイルには不連続変化に対応した高周波な
パルス状の電圧波形が誘起される。このパルス状の電圧
波形をバルクハウゼンノイズと言う。このバルクハウゼ
ンノイズは析出物、結晶粒界、ひずみ等と密接に相関す
るために、被測定物を磁気的な方法で非破壊検査すると
きには重要なパラメータとなる。例えば、軟鋼の疲労強
度(L.P.Karjalainenら、IEEE T
rans.Mag.MAG16,514(1980))
や工具鋼の靱性をバルクハウゼンノイズを用いて推定す
る方法(仲居他,鉄と鋼,75,833(1989))
などが提唱されている。
Therefore, the magnetization of the object to be measured also changes discontinuously, and a high-frequency pulse-shaped voltage waveform corresponding to the discontinuous change is induced in the detection coil. This pulse-shaped voltage waveform is called Barkhausen noise. This Barkhausen noise is closely related to precipitates, crystal grain boundaries, strains, etc., and thus becomes an important parameter when non-destructively inspecting an object to be measured by a magnetic method. For example, the fatigue strength of mild steel (LP Karjalainen et al., IEEE T.
rans. Mag. MAG16, 514 (1980))
To estimate toughness of steel and tool steel using Barkhausen noise (Nakai et al., Iron and Steel, 75,833 (1989))
Have been proposed.

【0007】一般に、被測定物を励磁する方法として電
流貫通法、通電法、コイル法、およびヨーク法などがあ
る。これらの方法の中で、ヨーク法は実ラインで製造さ
れる鉄鋼製品や既設構造物などの比較的大きな製品の一
部分に当てるだけで簡便にそれを励磁できる利点がある
ので、上記した材質検査用の励磁用として使用されてい
る。
Generally, there are a current penetration method, an energization method, a coil method, a yoke method and the like as a method for exciting the object to be measured. Of these methods, the yoke method has the advantage that it can be easily excited by simply applying it to a relatively large product such as a steel product or an existing structure manufactured on an actual line. It is used for excitation.

【0008】一方、被測定物の磁化の変化を検出する方
法に関しては、コイル法、ヨーク法、ホール素子法、磁
気抵抗素子法などがあるが、被測定物の温度の影響を受
けにくいコイル法やヨーク法が簡便である。
On the other hand, there are a coil method, a yoke method, a Hall element method, a magnetoresistive element method, etc. as a method for detecting a change in magnetization of an object to be measured, but a coil method which is hardly influenced by the temperature of the object to be measured. The York method is simple.

【0009】図5に、従来から用いられているバルクハ
ウゼンノイズ検出システムを示す。この検出システム
は、磁気ヘッドと信号処理システムとから構成されてい
る。磁気ヘッドは、励磁ヘッドコア11、検出ヘッドコ
ア12および各コアに巻かれた励磁コイル13、検出コ
イル14から構成されている。
FIG. 5 shows a conventional Barkhausen noise detection system. This detection system is composed of a magnetic head and a signal processing system. The magnetic head is composed of an exciting head core 11, a detecting head core 12, an exciting coil 13 wound around each core, and a detecting coil 14.

【0010】励磁ヘッドコア11および検出ヘッドコア
12の材質としては、珪素鋼、パーマロイ、ソフトフェ
ライト等の軟質磁性材料が用いられる。そして、磁気シ
グナルを検出するために、励磁ヘッドコア11で被測定
物15を交流励磁する。
As the material of the exciting head core 11 and the detecting head core 12, a soft magnetic material such as silicon steel, permalloy or soft ferrite is used. Then, in order to detect the magnetic signal, the object to be measured 15 is AC-excited by the exciting head core 11.

【0011】すなわち、波形発生器17において三角波
または正弦波の交流電流を発生させ、これを電流増幅器
18で電流を増幅する。この交流電流を励磁コイル13
に流し、磁気ヘッドを被測定物15の表面に接触させて
局部的に励磁する。励磁された被測定物15の内部に
は、励磁方向に応じて磁束16が発生する。
That is, a triangular wave or sine wave alternating current is generated in the waveform generator 17, and the current is amplified by the current amplifier 18. This alternating current is applied to the exciting coil 13
And the magnetic head is brought into contact with the surface of the DUT 15 to locally excite it. A magnetic flux 16 is generated inside the excited DUT 15 according to the excitation direction.

【0012】被測定物15の表面に、被測定物15より
も高い透磁率を持つ検出ヘッドコア12を接触させる
と、上記検出ヘッドコア12内に磁束の一部が流れ込
み、検出コイル14に誘起電圧が発生する。
When the detection head core 12 having a magnetic permeability higher than that of the measurement object 15 is brought into contact with the surface of the measurement object 15, a part of the magnetic flux flows into the detection head core 12 and an induced voltage is generated in the detection coil 14. Occur.

【0013】上記誘起電圧の波形は、励磁と同じ周波数
を持つ低周波の電圧波形に高周波なバルクハウゼンノイ
ズ波形が重畳したものである。上記バルクハウゼンノイ
ズ波形の大きさは、低周波波形の大きさに比べて微小で
あるので、通常オシロスコープ21の解析ダイナミック
レンジ内ではバルクハウゼンノイズ波形のみを十分に増
幅することはできない。
The waveform of the induced voltage is a low-frequency voltage waveform having the same frequency as that of the excitation and a high-frequency Barkhausen noise waveform superimposed thereon. Since the size of the Barkhausen noise waveform is smaller than the size of the low-frequency waveform, it is usually impossible to sufficiently amplify only the Barkhausen noise waveform within the analysis dynamic range of the oscilloscope 21.

【0014】そこで、バルクハウゼンノイズ波形のみを
取り出すために、従来は低周波成分を周波数フィルタリ
ング装置19でカットし、さらに電圧増幅器20で増幅
するシステムを用いている。
Therefore, in order to extract only the Barkhausen noise waveform, a system in which a low frequency component is cut by a frequency filtering device 19 and further amplified by a voltage amplifier 20 is conventionally used.

【0015】例えば、三島らはソフトフェライトコアか
らなる磁気ヘッドを用いて、バルクハウゼンノイズ波形
の検出を行っているが、励磁ヘッドと検出ヘッドの相対
位置が適正化されていないので、検出システムには周波
数フィルタリング装置が必須である(配管技術、Vo
k.35,No.2,PP86−89,1993)。
For example, Mishima et al. Detect a Barkhausen noise waveform using a magnetic head made of a soft ferrite core. However, since the relative position of the exciting head and the detecting head is not optimized, a detecting system is used. Requires a frequency filtering device (piping technology, Vo
k. 35, No. 2, PP 86-89, 1993).

【0016】また、C.G.Gardnerらは、検出
コイルに空芯コイルを用いた磁気ヘッドでバルクハウゼ
ンノイズの検出を行っている(Internation
alJournal of Nondestructi
ve Testing,1971,Vol.3,pp1
31−169)。この場合にも、バルクハウゼンノイズ
波形を取り出すために、空芯コイルで誘起された電圧波
形を周波数フィルタリング装置に通してフィルタリング
処理を行っている。
Also, C.I. G. Gardner et al. Detect Barkhausen noise with a magnetic head using an air-core coil as a detection coil (International).
alJournal of Nondestracti
ve Testing, 1971, Vol. 3, pp1
31-169). Also in this case, in order to extract the Barkhausen noise waveform, the voltage waveform induced by the air-core coil is passed through the frequency filtering device to perform the filtering process.

【0017】[0017]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述したように、従来
のバルクハウゼンノイズ検出システムは、周波数フィル
タリング装置を必須な構成要件としていた。このため、
従来のバルクハウゼンノイズ検出システムは、システム
全体の体積が大きくなるとともに、電力も多くかかって
いた。したがって、上記周波数フィルタリング装置が高
価であることから、システムのコストアップの原因にも
なっていた。
As described above, the conventional Barkhausen noise detection system has the frequency filtering device as an essential constituent element. For this reason,
The conventional Barkhausen noise detection system requires a large amount of power as well as a large volume of the entire system. Therefore, the frequency filtering device is expensive, which also causes an increase in system cost.

【0018】本発明は上述の問題点にかんがみ、周波数
フィルタリング装置を用いることなくバルクハウゼンノ
イズを簡単に検出できるようにすることを目的とする。
In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to easily detect Barkhausen noise without using a frequency filtering device.

【0019】[0019]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明のバルクハウゼン
ノイズ検出用磁気ヘッドは、磁性体の局部領域を励磁す
るための励磁ヘッドと、上記局部領域の磁化の変化を検
出するための検出ヘッドとから構成される磁気ヘッドに
おいて、上記励磁ヘッドが、励磁コイルが巻かれた金属
系の軟質磁性材料のU型コアからなるとともに、上記検
出ヘッドが、空芯コイルからなり、かつ上記空芯コイル
の検出面が被測定面に対して平行に配置され、さらに、
上記U型コアの両脚部内側の距離をaとし、上記脚部内
側の距離a方向に対して垂直方向に測定した上記U型コ
アの厚みをbとし、上記両脚部の厚みbの中点同士を結
んだ線の中点を原点0、上記原点0から上記両脚部に沿
う方向にX軸を定義し、上記X軸に対して垂直方向にY
軸を定義した場合、上記空芯コイルの検出面の重心が上
記励磁ヘッドに対して、|x|≦0.2a ,|y|≦0.8bで
囲まれる領域内に固定されていることを特徴としてい
る。
A magnetic head for detecting Barkhausen noise according to the present invention comprises an exciting head for exciting a local region of a magnetic material, and a detecting head for detecting a change in magnetization of the local region. In the magnetic head, the exciting head comprises a U-shaped core of a metal-based soft magnetic material around which an exciting coil is wound, and the detecting head comprises an air-core coil, and The detection surface is arranged parallel to the surface to be measured, and
The distance between the insides of both legs of the U-shaped core is a, the thickness of the U-shaped core measured in the direction perpendicular to the direction a of the inside of the legs is b, and the midpoints of the thicknesses b of the two legs are The midpoint of the line connecting the points is the origin 0, the X axis is defined in the direction from the origin 0 along the both legs, and Y is defined in the direction perpendicular to the X axis.
When the axis is defined, the center of gravity of the detection surface of the air-core coil is fixed with respect to the excitation head within a region surrounded by | x | ≦ 0.2a and | y | ≦ 0.8b. There is.

【0020】また、本発明の磁気ヘッドの他の特徴とす
るところは、上記検出ヘッドが、上記空芯コイルの中に
金属系の軟質磁性材料を配置している。
Another feature of the magnetic head of the present invention is that the detection head has a metallic soft magnetic material disposed in the air-core coil.

【0021】また、本発明の磁気ヘッドを用いたバルク
ハウゼンノイズ検出システムは、被測定物に励磁電流を
流すための波形発生器と、上記波形発生器から導出され
る電流を増幅するための電流増幅器と、上記被測定物か
ら検出される電圧波形を増幅するための電圧増幅器と、
上記増幅された波形を解析するオシロスコープとから構
成される。
Further, the Barkhausen noise detection system using the magnetic head of the present invention is a waveform generator for supplying an exciting current to an object to be measured, and a current for amplifying the current derived from the waveform generator. An amplifier, and a voltage amplifier for amplifying the voltage waveform detected from the DUT,
And an oscilloscope that analyzes the amplified waveform.

【0022】[0022]

【作用】本発明の磁気ヘッドを用いることによって、従
来の信号処理で必要とされていた周波数フィルタリング
装置を省略してもバルクハウゼンノイズを通常のダイナ
ミックレンジのオシロスコープ等で解析できるようにな
る。すなわち、従来に比べて小型軽量であるとともに省
電力であり、かつ廉価な信号処理装置を提供できるよう
になり、それを用いた非破壊検査が可能となる。
By using the magnetic head of the present invention, Barkhausen noise can be analyzed by a normal dynamic range oscilloscope or the like even if the frequency filtering device required in the conventional signal processing is omitted. That is, it is possible to provide a signal processing device that is smaller and lighter in weight, saves power, and is less expensive than conventional ones, and enables nondestructive inspection using the signal processing device.

【0023】以下に、本発明のバルクハウゼンノイズ検
出用磁気ヘッドおよびそれを用いた検出システムの詳細
を述べる。本発明によるバルクハウゼンノイズ検出用磁
気ヘッドの概略を、図1に示す。励磁ヘッドは、金属系
の軟質磁性材料で作られたU型コア1、それに巻かれて
いる励磁コイル2で構成される。
The details of the magnetic head for detecting Barkhausen noise and the detection system using the same according to the present invention will be described below. An outline of a Barkhausen noise detection magnetic head according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The exciting head is composed of a U-shaped core 1 made of a metallic soft magnetic material and an exciting coil 2 wound around the U-shaped core 1.

【0024】コア1には珪素鋼、パーマロイ等の金属系
軟質磁性材料を用いる。望ましくは、方向性珪素鋼板の
ような飽和磁化の高いものを選び、被測定物表面から離
れても十分に被測定物を励磁できるようにする。ここ
で、上記U型コアの両脚部内側の距離をaとし、両脚部
内側の距離aの方向に対して垂直方向に測定した当該U
型コア1の厚みをbとする。
For the core 1, a metallic soft magnetic material such as silicon steel or permalloy is used. Desirably, a material having a high saturation magnetization such as a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet is selected so that the object to be measured can be sufficiently excited even if it is separated from the surface of the object to be measured. Here, the distance inside both legs of the U-shaped core is defined as a, and the U measured in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the distance a inside both legs.
The thickness of the mold core 1 is b.

【0025】そして、両脚部の厚みbの中点同士を結ん
だ線の中点を原点0、原点0からa方向にX軸,X軸に
垂直方向にY軸を定義する。ここでa,bの大きさは、 5mm ≦ a≦150mm, 3mm ≦ b≦50mm 以下であることが望ましい。
The origin 0 is defined as the midpoint of the line connecting the midpoints of the thicknesses b of both legs, and the X axis is defined in the direction a from the origin 0 and the Y axis is defined in the direction perpendicular to the X axis. Here, the sizes of a and b are preferably 5 mm ≤ a ≤ 150 mm and 3 mm ≤ b ≤ 50 mm.

【0026】なぜならば、a <5 mm,b <3 mmでは励磁
コイル2を十分な回数だけ巻くことができなくなるため
であり、a >150mm ,b >50mmでは励磁電力が大きくな
るためである。被測定物を励磁コアで磁化すると、被測
定物の内部では励磁磁場の変化に伴い磁化が変化する。
そして、被測定物の表面からは磁化による漏れ磁束が発
生し、磁化の変化に伴い漏れ磁束量が変化する。この磁
束の変化の中に不連続磁化変化を起因とするバルクハウ
ゼンジャンプが含まれている。
This is because the exciting coil 2 cannot be wound a sufficient number of times when a <5 mm and b <3 mm, and the exciting power becomes large when a> 150 mm and b> 50 mm. When the object to be measured is magnetized by the exciting core, the magnetization changes inside the object to be measured with a change in the exciting magnetic field.
Then, a leakage magnetic flux is generated from the surface of the object to be measured, and the amount of leakage magnetic flux changes as the magnetization changes. The Barkhausen jump caused by the discontinuous magnetization change is included in the change of the magnetic flux.

【0027】本発明の本発明者は、被測定物表面の本発
明領域内において、励磁周波数と同じ周波数を持つ低周
波の電圧波形が小さくなり、相対的に、その低周波の電
圧波形に重畳しているバルクハウゼンノイズの電圧が大
きくなることを見いだした。かつ、バルクハウゼンノイ
ズを発生させる磁束が、被測定面に垂直方向で大きくな
ることも見いだした。
The inventor of the present invention has found that the low-frequency voltage waveform having the same frequency as the excitation frequency becomes small within the inventive region of the surface of the object to be measured, and is relatively superimposed on the low-frequency voltage waveform. It was found that the voltage of the Barkhausen noise that is being generated increases. It was also found that the magnetic flux that causes Barkhausen noise increases in the direction perpendicular to the surface to be measured.

【0028】したがって、本発明領域において、検出面
を被測定面に平行に配置することによって、周波数フィ
ルタリング装置を用いなくても、電圧増幅のみによって
直接オシロスコープでバルクハウゼンノイズの測定が可
能になり、その波形解析も可能となる。ここで、構成コ
イルとして用いる空芯コイル3は、アクリルやベークラ
イト等の非磁性芯材にエナメル細線を巻いたものであ
る。
Therefore, in the present invention, by arranging the detection surface in parallel with the surface to be measured, it is possible to directly measure Barkhausen noise with an oscilloscope by only voltage amplification without using a frequency filtering device. The waveform analysis is also possible. Here, the air-core coil 3 used as the constituent coil is a non-magnetic core material such as acrylic or bakelite wound with an enamel thin wire.

【0029】次に、空芯コイル3の配置について述べ
る。図2および図3に、空芯コイルの検出面の重心位置
を変えて、それに伴う低周波の電圧波形とバルクハウゼ
ンノイズ波形の変化について調べた結果を示す。ここで
は、周波数フィルタリング装置を用いて二つの波形を分
離した。この結果より、|x|≦0.2a ,|y|≦0.8bで
示される領域において、バルクハウゼンノイズの実効値
電圧が低周波波形の実効値電圧に比べてほぼ等しいか、
それ以上の大きさであることが判った。
Next, the arrangement of the air-core coil 3 will be described. 2 and 3 show the results of investigating changes in the low-frequency voltage waveform and Barkhausen noise waveform caused by changing the position of the center of gravity of the detection surface of the air-core coil. Here, a frequency filtering device was used to separate the two waveforms. From this result, in the region shown by | x | ≦ 0.2a, | y | ≦ 0.8b, the RMS value of Barkhausen noise is substantially equal to the RMS voltage of the low frequency waveform,
It turned out to be larger than that.

【0030】したがって、本発明では、この領域に空芯
コイルの検出面の重心が存在するようにする。検出面の
重心が上記領域に位置しない場合には、バルクハウゼン
ノイズの実効値電圧は低周波波形の電圧に比べて著しく
小さくなる。特に、0.2a≦|x|≦0.5a ,|y|≦0.8b
で示される領域では、バルクハウゼンノイズの実効値電
圧は低周波波形の電圧に比べて著しく小さいので、バル
クハウゼンノイズの分離には周波数フィルタリング装置
を必要とする。
Therefore, according to the present invention, the center of gravity of the detection surface of the air-core coil is present in this area. When the center of gravity of the detection surface is not located in the above region, the effective value voltage of Barkhausen noise becomes significantly smaller than the voltage of the low frequency waveform. Especially, 0.2a ≦ | x | ≦ 0.5a, | y | ≦ 0.8b
In the region indicated by, the effective value voltage of Barkhausen noise is significantly smaller than the voltage of the low frequency waveform, and therefore a frequency filtering device is required to separate the Barkhausen noise.

【0031】また、|y|>0.8bの領域では、被測定物
表面に垂直な漏れ磁束成分が小さいので、S/N比の高
いバルクハウゼンノイズは得られない。以上のように、
本発明領域に空芯コイルの検出面の重心を配置すること
によって、初めてバルクハウゼンノイズを周波数フィル
タリング装置なしで解析することができる。
In the region of | y |> 0.8b, since the leakage magnetic flux component perpendicular to the surface of the object to be measured is small, Barkhausen noise having a high S / N ratio cannot be obtained. As mentioned above,
By arranging the center of gravity of the detection surface of the air-core coil in the area of the present invention, Barkhausen noise can be analyzed for the first time without a frequency filtering device.

【0032】本発明の磁気ヘッドは、空芯コイル3の中
に金属系の軟質磁性材料からなるコアを配置することに
よって、さらに磁気シグナルの誘起電圧を高くできる。
例えば、コア材としてパーマロイやFe系あるいはCo
系アモルファス材を用いることによって、さらに高感度
な磁気ヘッドを構成できる。
In the magnetic head of the present invention, the magnetic signal induced voltage can be further increased by disposing a core made of a metal-based soft magnetic material in the air-core coil 3.
For example, as a core material, permalloy, Fe-based or Co
A magnetic head with higher sensitivity can be formed by using a system amorphous material.

【0033】本発明の磁気ヘッドを用いて発明したバル
クハウゼンノイズ検出システムを、図4に示す。本シス
テムは、励磁電流を流すための波形発生器17および電
流増幅器18、検出される電圧波形を増幅する電圧増幅
器20、増幅された波形を解析するデジタルオシロスコ
ープ21から構成される。したがって、従来に比べて周
波数フィルタリング回路を用いる必要がなく、その分だ
け全体重量および消費電力を小さくすることが可能であ
る。
FIG. 4 shows a Barkhausen noise detection system invented by using the magnetic head of the present invention. This system comprises a waveform generator 17 for supplying an exciting current and a current amplifier 18, a voltage amplifier 20 for amplifying a detected voltage waveform, and a digital oscilloscope 21 for analyzing the amplified waveform. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a frequency filtering circuit as compared with the conventional case, and the total weight and power consumption can be reduced accordingly.

【0034】[0034]

【実施例】以下、第1の実施例に基づき、本発明を詳細
に説明する。図1に示した本発明の磁気ヘッドを用い
て、バルクハウゼンノイズ波形の検出実験を行った。被
測定物は40mm×30mm×15mmの低炭素鋼である。そして、
40mm×30mmの部分を被測定面とした。
The present invention will be described in detail below based on the first embodiment. A Barkhausen noise waveform detection experiment was conducted using the magnetic head of the present invention shown in FIG. The object to be measured is 40 mm x 30 mm x 15 mm low carbon steel. And
The 40 mm x 30 mm portion was used as the surface to be measured.

【0035】励磁ヘッドコアには、珪素鋼板を積層した
ものを用いた。コアの寸法は、両脚部内側の距離aが20
mm,両脚部内側の距離a方向に対して垂直に測定方向に
測定したコアの厚みbが10mmである。励磁はコイルに周
波数が2.5Hz の正弦波電流を入力して行った。被測定面
に対して励磁ヘッドが1.0mm 離れるように励磁コイルを
設置した。
As the exciting head core, a laminate of silicon steel plates was used. The core dimensions are 20 for the distance a inside both legs.
mm, the thickness b of the core measured in the measurement direction perpendicular to the direction of the distance a inside both legs is 10 mm. Excitation was performed by inputting a sinusoidal current with a frequency of 2.5 Hz to the coil. The exciting coil was installed so that the exciting head was 1.0 mm away from the surface to be measured.

【0036】検出コイルには、アクリル製の芯材にエナ
メル細線を巻き付けた空芯コイルを用いた。空芯コイル
の方向は検出面が被測定面と平行になるようにした。ま
た、空芯コイルの下部と被測定面の間の距離を1 mmと
し、空芯コイルの検出面の重心をx−y座標面で移動さ
せた。比較のために、検出コイルとして従来型のU型コ
アにはパーマロイ板を積層したものを用いて、被測定物
表面にヘッド面が密着するようにした。
As the detection coil, an air core coil in which an enamel thin wire is wound around an acrylic core material is used. The direction of the air-core coil was such that the detection surface was parallel to the surface to be measured. The distance between the lower part of the air-core coil and the surface to be measured was set to 1 mm, and the center of gravity of the detection surface of the air-core coil was moved in the xy coordinate plane. For comparison, a conventional U-shaped core having laminated permalloy plates was used as a detection coil so that the head surface was in close contact with the surface of the object to be measured.

【0037】また、検出コイルの向きは両脚部を結ぶ線
がX軸に平行になるようし、実験ではU型コアの中心軸
をx−y座標上で移動させた。ここで、本発明の空芯コ
イルの検出面の重心位置およびU型検出ヘッドの中心軸
は、|x|≦4mm,|y|≦8.0mm の領域内にあるように
した。
Further, the direction of the detection coil was such that the line connecting both legs was parallel to the X axis, and in the experiment, the central axis of the U-shaped core was moved on the xy coordinates. Here, the position of the center of gravity of the detection surface of the air-core coil of the present invention and the central axis of the U-shaped detection head are set within the range of | x | ≦ 4 mm, | y | ≦ 8.0 mm.

【0038】また、それぞれの検出コイルで誘起された
電圧をアンプによって同じ増幅率で増幅し、オシロスコ
ープを用いて波形解析した。下記の表1には、空芯コイ
ルの位置を変えて磁気シグナルを検出した結果と、比較
としてU型検出コア用いた結果を示す。
Further, the voltage induced in each detection coil was amplified by an amplifier with the same amplification factor, and the waveform was analyzed using an oscilloscope. Table 1 below shows the results of detecting the magnetic signal by changing the position of the air-core coil and the results of using the U-shaped detection core for comparison.

【0039】[0039]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0040】表1における発明例1,2に示したよう
に、本発明のバルクハウゼンノイズ検出用磁気ヘッドを
用いると、低周波波形の実効値電圧に比べて高い実効値
電圧のバルクハウゼンノイズが得られる。なお、表1に
おける比較例1,2では、従来の磁気ヘッドの検出ヘッ
ドを発明例1,2の空芯コイルと同じ位置に設置した
が、低周波波形の実効値電圧はバルクハウゼンノイズに
比べて著しく大きいことが判る。
As shown in Invention Examples 1 and 2 in Table 1, when the Barkhausen noise detecting magnetic head of the present invention is used, Barkhausen noise having a higher effective value voltage than the effective value voltage of the low frequency waveform is generated. can get. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in Table 1, the detection head of the conventional magnetic head was installed at the same position as the air-core coil of Invention Examples 1 and 2, but the effective value voltage of the low frequency waveform was higher than that of Barkhausen noise. It can be seen that it is extremely large.

【0041】さらに、空芯コイルの中にパーマロイ板を
積層したコアを挿入し、この検出ヘッドを用いてバルク
ハウゼンノイズの検出を行った。その結果、空芯コイル
を用いたときに比べて約2倍の実効値電圧を持つバルク
ハウゼンノイズを検出することができた。
Further, a core in which a permalloy plate was laminated was inserted into the air-core coil, and Barkhausen noise was detected using this detection head. As a result, it was possible to detect Barkhausen noise having an effective value voltage that is about twice as high as when the air-core coil is used.

【0042】以上の結果より、本発明のバルクハウゼン
ノイズ検出用磁気ヘッドを用いることによって、低周波
波形の実効値電圧に比べて同程度もしくは大きな実効値
電圧を持つバルクハウゼンノイズが被測定物から得られ
ることが判った。
From the above results, by using the magnetic head for detecting Barkhausen noise of the present invention, Barkhausen noise having an effective value voltage which is about the same as or larger than the effective value voltage of the low frequency waveform is generated from the object to be measured. It turned out to be obtained.

【0043】次に、本発明の第2の実施例を説明する。
第1の実施例で示した励磁ヘッドと空芯コイルを用い
て、バルクハウゼンノイズ波形の空芯コイル位置依存性
を調べた。表2にその結果を示した。
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Using the exciting head and the air-core coil shown in the first embodiment, the dependence of the Barkhausen noise waveform on the air-core coil position was examined. The results are shown in Table 2.

【0044】[0044]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0045】表2における比較例1,2のように、空芯
コイルの位置が本発明の条件を満たさないと、バルクハ
ウゼンノイズが著しく小さかったり、低周波波形の実効
値電圧がバルクハウゼンノイズに比べて著しく大きいこ
とが判る。
As in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in Table 2, if the position of the air-core coil does not satisfy the conditions of the present invention, Barkhausen noise is extremely small, or the effective value voltage of the low frequency waveform becomes Barkhausen noise. It can be seen that it is significantly larger than the above.

【0046】[0046]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
バルクハウゼンノイズを高感度で検出することができる
ので、本発明のバルクハウゼンノイズ検出用磁気ヘッド
および検出システムを用いることによって、従来の信号
処理システムに比べて周波数フィルタリング装置を省略
することができる。したがって、信号処理システム全体
の軽量小型化を可能とすることができ、持ち運び等の作
業性を大幅に向上させることができる。また、省電力化
も実現することができるので、電池で駆動させる場合に
は、メンテナンスの頻度を減らせることができて、労力
の低減を図ることができる。
As described above, according to the present invention,
Since Barkhausen noise can be detected with high sensitivity, by using the magnetic head and the detection system for detecting Barkhausen noise of the present invention, the frequency filtering device can be omitted as compared with the conventional signal processing system. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the weight and size of the entire signal processing system, and it is possible to greatly improve the workability such as carrying. In addition, since power saving can be realized, the frequency of maintenance can be reduced and the labor can be reduced when driven by a battery.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明のバルクハウゼンノイズ検出用磁気ヘッ
ドの概略を示す図である。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a Barkhausen noise detection magnetic head of the present invention.

【図2】低周波波形およびバルクハウゼンノイズの実効
値電圧と空芯コイル検出面の重心位置との関係を示す図
である。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between an effective value voltage of a low frequency waveform and Barkhausen noise and a position of a center of gravity of a detection surface of an air-core coil.

【図3】低周波波形およびバルクハウゼンノイズの実効
値電圧と空芯コイル検出面の重心位置との関係を示す図
である。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between an effective value voltage of a low frequency waveform and Barkhausen noise and a position of a center of gravity of an air-core coil detection surface.

【図4】本発明の磁気ヘッドと検出システムの概略を示
す図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a magnetic head and a detection system of the present invention.

【図5】従来用いられている磁気ヘッドと検出システム
の概略を示す図である。
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of a conventional magnetic head and a detection system.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 U型コア 2 励磁コア 3 空芯コイル 11 励磁ヘッドコア 12 検出ヘッドコア 13 励磁コイル 14 検出コイル 15 被測定物 16 磁束 17 波形発生器 18 電流増幅器 19 周波数フィルタリング装置 20 電圧増幅器 21 デジタルオシロスコープ 1 U-shaped core 2 Excitation core 3 Air core coil 11 Excitation head core 12 Detection head core 13 Excitation coil 14 Detection coil 15 DUT 16 Magnetic flux 17 Waveform generator 18 Current amplifier 19 Frequency filtering device 20 Voltage amplifier 21 Digital oscilloscope

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 磁性体の局部領域を励磁するための励磁
ヘッドと、上記局部領域の磁化の変化を検出するための
検出ヘッドとから構成される磁気ヘッドにおいて、 上記励磁ヘッドが、励磁コイルが巻かれた金属系の軟質
磁性材料のU型コアからなるとともに、上記検出ヘッド
が、空芯コイルからなり、かつ上記空芯コイルの検出面
が被測定面に対して平行に配置され、さらに、上記U型
コアの両脚部内側の距離をaとし、上記脚部内側の距離
a方向に対して垂直方向に測定した上記U型コアの厚み
をbとし、上記両脚部の厚みbの中点同士を結んだ線の
中点を原点0、上記原点0から上記両脚部に沿う方向に
X軸を定義し、上記X軸に対して垂直方向にY軸を定義
した場合、上記空芯コイルの検出面の重心が上記励磁ヘ
ッドに対して、 |x|≦0.2a ,|y|≦0.8b で囲まれる領域内に固定されていることを特徴とするバ
ルクハウゼンノイズ検出用磁気ヘッド。
1. A magnetic head comprising an exciting head for exciting a local region of a magnetic body and a detecting head for detecting a change in magnetization of the local region, wherein the exciting head has an exciting coil. The detection head comprises an air-core coil, and the detection surface of the air-core coil is arranged parallel to the surface to be measured. The distance between the insides of both legs of the U-shaped core is a, the thickness of the U-shaped core measured in the direction perpendicular to the direction a of the inside of the legs is b, and the midpoints of the thicknesses b of the two legs are When the midpoint of the line connecting the points is origin 0, the X axis is defined in the direction from the origin 0 along the both legs, and the Y axis is defined in the direction perpendicular to the X axis, the air core coil is detected. The center of gravity of the surface is | x | 0.2a, | y | Barkhausen noise detecting magnetic head is characterized in that it is secured surrounded by the area ≦ 0.8b.
【請求項2】 上記検出ヘッドが、上記空芯コイルの中
に金属系の軟質磁性材料を配置していることを特徴とす
る請求項1記載のバルクハウゼンノイズ検出用磁気ヘッ
ド。
2. The magnetic head for Barkhausen noise detection according to claim 1, wherein the detection head has a metallic soft magnetic material disposed in the air-core coil.
【請求項3】 請求項1または2記載の磁気ヘッドを用
いるとともに、被測定物に励磁電流を流すための波形発
生器と、上記波形発生器から導出される電流を増幅する
ための電流増幅器と、上記被測定物から検出される電圧
波形を増幅するための電圧増幅器と、上記増幅された波
形を解析するオシロスコープとを具備することを特徴と
するバルクハウゼンノイズ検出システム。
3. A waveform generator for using the magnetic head according to claim 1 or 2, and for supplying an exciting current to an object to be measured, and a current amplifier for amplifying a current derived from the waveform generator. A Barkhausen noise detection system comprising: a voltage amplifier for amplifying a voltage waveform detected from the device under test; and an oscilloscope that analyzes the amplified waveform.
JP05301063A 1993-11-05 1993-11-05 Magnetic head for detecting Barkhausen noise and detection system using the same Expired - Lifetime JP3092837B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP05301063A JP3092837B2 (en) 1993-11-05 1993-11-05 Magnetic head for detecting Barkhausen noise and detection system using the same
US08/336,207 US5565773A (en) 1993-11-05 1994-11-04 Arrangement of excitation and detection heads for detecting the magnetic properties of an object

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP05301063A JP3092837B2 (en) 1993-11-05 1993-11-05 Magnetic head for detecting Barkhausen noise and detection system using the same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH07128296A true JPH07128296A (en) 1995-05-19
JP3092837B2 JP3092837B2 (en) 2000-09-25

Family

ID=17892423

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3092837B2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998005976A3 (en) * 1996-08-02 1998-03-12 Norbert Meyendorf Non-destructive process and device for determining the parameters of ferromagnetic materials
JP2016164537A (en) * 2015-03-06 2016-09-08 高周波熱錬株式会社 Hardened layer depth measurement device
CN109407018A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-03-01 北京工业大学 High-resolution Barkhausen noise and incremental permeability scanning imaging system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998005976A3 (en) * 1996-08-02 1998-03-12 Norbert Meyendorf Non-destructive process and device for determining the parameters of ferromagnetic materials
JP2016164537A (en) * 2015-03-06 2016-09-08 高周波熱錬株式会社 Hardened layer depth measurement device
CN109407018A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-03-01 北京工业大学 High-resolution Barkhausen noise and incremental permeability scanning imaging system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3092837B2 (en) 2000-09-25

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