JPH0679293A - Treatment of waste water - Google Patents
Treatment of waste waterInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0679293A JPH0679293A JP25536492A JP25536492A JPH0679293A JP H0679293 A JPH0679293 A JP H0679293A JP 25536492 A JP25536492 A JP 25536492A JP 25536492 A JP25536492 A JP 25536492A JP H0679293 A JPH0679293 A JP H0679293A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- treatment chamber
- liq
- aerobic
- permeated
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Landscapes
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は便所や洗面所、風呂、厨
房などからの廃水を浄化して放流するための処理方法に
関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a treatment method for purifying and discharging wastewater from a toilet, a washroom, a bath, a kitchen or the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】便所から排出されるし尿、洗面所、風
呂、厨房などから排出される廃水を浄化する方法とし
て、従来にあっては廃水を先ず嫌気性処理室に入れ、嫌
気性菌の作用により廃水中の有機物を分解すると共に脱
窒菌の作用により硝酸性窒素を窒素ガスに分解し、次い
で好気性処理室に入れ、好気性菌の作用により有機物を
分解すると共に硝化菌の作用によりアンモニア性窒素を
硝酸性窒素に変換し、この硝酸性窒素を再び嫌気処理室
に戻し、更に沈降分離室で汚泥と清浄な上澄み液とに分
離放流するようにしている。2. Description of the Related Art As a method for purifying waste water discharged from toilets, toilets, baths, kitchens, etc., in the past, the waste water was first placed in an anaerobic treatment room to prevent the action of anaerobic bacteria. Decomposes organic matter in wastewater and decomposes nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen gas by the action of denitrifying bacteria, then puts it in an aerobic treatment chamber, decomposes organic matter by the action of aerobic bacteria and ammoniacal by the action of nitrifying bacteria. Nitrogen is converted to nitrate nitrogen, this nitrate nitrogen is returned to the anaerobic treatment chamber again, and further separated into a sludge and a clean supernatant liquid in the settling separation chamber and discharged.
【０００３】しかしながら、上述した方法では沈降分離
室での分離が充分でなく、汚泥が流出したり、分離され
た上澄み液中の塩濃度や固形物濃度が充分に低くならな
い等の問題がある。そこで、特公昭６４−９０７４号公
報或いは特開平３−９８６９７号公報には沈降分離室の
代りに膜分離装置を設け、固液分離機能を高めるように
した技術が開示されている。However, in the above-mentioned method, there is a problem that the separation in the sedimentation separation chamber is not sufficient, sludge flows out, and the salt concentration and solid concentration in the separated supernatant liquid are not sufficiently lowered. Therefore, Japanese Patent Publication No. 64-9074 or Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-98697 discloses a technique in which a membrane separation device is provided in place of the sedimentation separation chamber to enhance the solid-liquid separation function.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述したように膜分離
装置を用いれば固液分離機能を高めることができるが、
放出する浄化液の量を一定にすることが困難になる。即
ち、膜分離装置内に組み込まれる分離膜は運転開始時に
は目詰りが全くないため大きな透過流束が得られるが、
運転開始からの時間が経過すると徐々に膜面にゲル層が
形成されて透過流束が低下する。このため運転の開始時
には大量の処理水が放出されてしまう不利がある。As described above, the solid-liquid separation function can be enhanced by using the membrane separation device.
It becomes difficult to keep the amount of the cleaning liquid to be discharged constant. That is, since the separation membrane incorporated in the membrane separation device has no clogging at the start of operation, a large permeation flux can be obtained.
After a lapse of time from the start of operation, a gel layer is gradually formed on the membrane surface, and the permeation flux decreases. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that a large amount of treated water is discharged at the start of operation.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決すべく本
発明は、浄化槽の好気性処理室で処理した廃水を膜分離
装置に供給して固液分離処理を行ない、膜分離装置の分
離膜を透過した透過液の一部を浄化槽の嫌気性処理室ま
たは好気性処理室に戻すようにした。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a membrane separation device with wastewater treated in an aerobic treatment chamber of a septic tank to perform solid-liquid separation treatment, and a separation membrane of the membrane separation device. A part of the permeated liquid that had permeated through was returned to the anaerobic treatment chamber or aerobic treatment chamber of the septic tank.
【０００６】[0006]
【作用】分離膜を透過した透過液の一定量だけを消毒槽
に送り、残りは嫌気性処理室または好気性処理室に戻
す。戻す量は運転開始時から経時的に徐々に少なくな
る。[Function] Only a fixed amount of the permeated liquid that has passed through the separation membrane is sent to the disinfection tank, and the rest is returned to the anaerobic treatment chamber or the aerobic treatment chamber. The amount returned will gradually decrease with time from the start of operation.
【０００７】[0007]
【実施例】以下に本発明の実施例を添付図面に基づいて
説明する。ここで、図１は本発明方法の実施に用いる浄
化槽の縦断面図、図２は同浄化槽の平断面図、図３は図
１のＡ−Ａ方向矢視図、図４は計量ボックスの斜視図で
ある。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a septic tank used for carrying out the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of the septic tank, FIG. 3 is a view in the direction of arrow AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a weighing box. It is a figure.
【０００８】浄化槽はＦＲＰ等からなる本体１内を隔壁
２…によって上流側から順に、第１嫌気性処理室３、第
２嫌気性処理室４、第１好気性処理室５、第２好気性処
理室６及び最終処理室７に画成している。In the septic tank, the inside of the main body 1 made of FRP or the like is divided by the partition walls 2 ... In order from the upstream side, the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3, the second anaerobic treatment chamber 4, the first aerobic treatment chamber 5, and the second aerobic treatment. It is divided into a processing chamber 6 and a final processing chamber 7.
【０００９】第１嫌気性処理室３及び第２嫌気性処理室
４内にはメタン菌や脱窒菌を含む嫌気性菌が付着した濾
床８が配置され、第１好気性処理室５及び第２好気性処
理室６内には硝化菌を含む好気性菌が付着した濾床９が
配置されている。そして第１嫌気性処理室３と第２嫌気
性処理室４とは隔壁２に形成した連通孔１０にてつなが
り、第２嫌気性処理室４と第１好気性処理室５とは隔壁
２に形成した連通孔１１にてつながり、第１好気性処理
室５と第２好気性処理室６とは隔壁２に形成した連通孔
１２にてつながっている。In the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 and the second anaerobic treatment chamber 4, a filter bed 8 to which anaerobic bacteria including methane bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are adhered is arranged, and the first aerobic treatment chamber 5 and the first aerobic treatment chamber 5 and 2 Inside the aerobic treatment chamber 6, a filter bed 9 to which aerobic bacteria including nitrifying bacteria adhere is arranged. Then, the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 and the second anaerobic treatment chamber 4 are connected by a communication hole 10 formed in the partition wall 2, and the second anaerobic treatment chamber 4 and the first aerobic treatment chamber 5 are connected to the partition wall 2. The communication hole 11 formed is connected, and the first aerobic treatment chamber 5 and the second aerobic treatment chamber 6 are connected by a communication hole 12 formed in the partition wall 2.
【００１０】また、最終処理室７内には支持台１３上に
ポンプ１４及び膜分離装置１５を設け、ポンプ１４にて
パイプ１６を介して吸引した第２好気性処理室６内の処
理液を膜分離装置１５に送り込み、分離膜によって汚泥
を含む濃縮液と清浄な透過液とに分離するようにしてい
る。Further, in the final processing chamber 7, a pump 14 and a membrane separation device 15 are provided on a support 13 so that the processing liquid in the second aerobic processing chamber 6 sucked through the pipe 16 by the pump 14 can be used. It is sent to the membrane separation device 15 and is separated by the separation membrane into a concentrated liquid containing sludge and a clean permeated liquid.
【００１１】上記膜分離装置１５の一次側即ち濃縮液が
残っている側からは第２好気性処理室６に濃縮液を返送
する第１戻し管１７を導出し、この第１戻し管１７にエ
ジェクタ１８を取り付けている。而して、膜分離装置１
５に差圧を付与するポンプ１４の動力で、濃縮液が第１
戻し管１７及びエジェクタ１８を介して第２好気性処理
室６に戻される際にエアを巻き込んでエアレーション
（曝気）を行なう。このエアレーションにより第２好気
性処理室６に曝気装置を別途設ける必要がなくなる。ま
た濃縮液を第２好気性処理室６に戻すことにより好気性
菌（硝化菌）の菌体濃度を濃縮できる。From the primary side of the membrane separation device 15, that is, from the side where the concentrated liquid remains, a first return pipe 17 for returning the concentrated liquid to the second aerobic treatment chamber 6 is led out, and to this first return pipe 17. The ejector 18 is attached. Thus, the membrane separation device 1
With the power of the pump 14 that gives a differential pressure to the
When returning to the second aerobic treatment chamber 6 via the return pipe 17 and the ejector 18, air is entrained to perform aeration. This aeration eliminates the need to separately provide an aerator in the second aerobic treatment chamber 6. Further, by returning the concentrated liquid to the second aerobic treatment chamber 6, the cell concentration of aerobic bacteria (nitrifying bacteria) can be concentrated.
【００１２】一方、膜分離装置１５の分離膜を透過して
二次側に出た透過液はパイプ１９を介して最終処理室７
内の上部に配置された計量ボックス２０に送られる。こ
の計量ボックス２０は図４に示すように、ケース２１内
に整流板２２ａ，２２ｂを設けて、室Ｓ１，Ｓ２，Ｓ３
を画成し、これら室Ｓ１，Ｓ２，Ｓ３を整流板２２ａ，
２２ｂに形成した開口２３ａ，２３ｂにて連通し、室Ｓ
３には前記パイプ１９を開口せしめるとともに、室Ｓ１
からは第１嫌気性処理室３へ透過液を戻す第２戻し管２
４および第２好気性処理室６へ透過液を戻す第３戻し管
２５を導出し、更に室Ｓ２と消毒槽２６とはパイプ２７
で連結している。尚、２８，２９は流量調整用の可動堰
である。On the other hand, the permeated liquid that has passed through the separation membrane of the membrane separation device 15 and has exited to the secondary side is passed through the pipe 19 to the final treatment chamber 7
It is sent to the weighing box 20 arranged at the upper part of the inside. As shown in FIG. 4, the weighing box 20 has rectifying plates 22a and 22b provided in a case 21 so that the chambers S1, S2 and S3 are
To define these chambers S1, S2 and S3 as straightening vanes 22a,
The chamber S communicates with the openings 23a and 23b formed in the chamber 22b.
3, the pipe 19 is opened, and the chamber S1
From the second return pipe 2 for returning the permeate to the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3
4 and the third return pipe 25 for returning the permeated liquid to the second aerobic treatment chamber 6, and the chamber S2 and the disinfection tank 26 are connected to the pipe 27.
Are connected with. In addition, 28 and 29 are movable weirs for flow rate adjustment.
【００１３】以上において、第１嫌気性処理室３に供給
された廃水は第１嫌気性処理室３及び第２嫌気性処理室
４において、嫌気性菌の作用により有機物が分解され低
分子化する。窒素成分の一部又は全部はアンモニア性窒
素となり、炭素成分の一部はメタン菌等の作用によりメ
タンガスや炭酸ガスに分解され大気中に放出され、次い
で廃水は第１好気性処理室５及び第２好気性処理室６に
おいて、好気性菌の作用により有機物が分解されると共
に硝化菌の作用により処理液中のアンモニア性窒素が硝
酸性窒素に変換される。In the above, in the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 and the second anaerobic treatment chamber 4, the wastewater supplied to the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 is decomposed into organic matter by the action of anaerobic bacteria and is reduced in molecular weight. . Part or all of the nitrogen component becomes ammoniacal nitrogen, and part of the carbon component is decomposed into methane gas and carbon dioxide gas by the action of methane bacteria and released into the atmosphere, and then the wastewater is discharged into the first aerobic treatment chamber 5 and the first aerobic treatment chamber 5. 2. In the aerobic treatment chamber 6, organic substances are decomposed by the action of aerobic bacteria and ammonia nitrogen in the treatment liquid is converted to nitrate nitrogen by the action of nitrifying bacteria.
【００１４】そして、上記第２好気性処理室６での処理
が終了した処理液はポンプ１４にて膜分離装置１５の一
次側に供給され、濃縮液は戻し管１７及びエジェクタ１
８を介してエアレーションを行ないつつ第２好気性処理
室６に戻され、一方、分離膜を透過した透過液は計量ボ
ックス２０に送られ、整流板２２ｂの開口２３ｂを通過
した一定量の透過液が第１嫌気性処理室３に、また、整
流板２２ａの開口２３ａを通過した一定量の透過液が消
毒槽２６にそれぞれ送られ、塩素消毒が終了した処理液
が外部に放出される。Then, the treatment liquid which has been treated in the second aerobic treatment chamber 6 is supplied to the primary side of the membrane separator 15 by the pump 14, and the concentrated liquid is returned to the return pipe 17 and the ejector 1.
The permeated liquid returned to the second aerobic treatment chamber 6 while performing aeration via 8, while the permeated liquid that has permeated the separation membrane is sent to the measuring box 20 and passed through the opening 23b of the rectifying plate 22b. Is sent to the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 and a fixed amount of the permeated liquid that has passed through the opening 23a of the rectifying plate 22a is sent to the disinfection tank 26, and the treatment liquid after the chlorine disinfection is released to the outside.
【００１５】また、計量ボックス２０に送られた透過液
のうち残りは第３戻し管２５を介して第１嫌気性処理室
３および第２好気性処理室６に戻される。ここで、浄化
槽の運転開始直後は膜分離装置１５の分離膜が全く目詰
りを起こしていないので透過流束が大で、したがって透
過液の量も大となる。しかしながら整流板２２ａ，２２
ｂの開口２３ａ，２３ｂの面積は一定のため、第１嫌気
性処理室３と消毒槽２６に流れる透過液の量は一定であ
り、その分だけ多量に透過液が第３戻し管２５を介して
第１嫌気性処理室３および第２好気性処理室６に戻され
ることになる。そして、経時的に分離膜の透過流束が低
下してくると、計量ボックス２０に入る透過液の量が減
少してくるが、第１嫌気性処理室３と消毒槽２６に流れ
る透過液の量は一定のため第３戻し管２５を介して戻さ
れる透過液の量が減少してくる。The remainder of the permeate sent to the measuring box 20 is returned to the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 and the second aerobic treatment chamber 6 via the third return pipe 25. Immediately after the start of the operation of the septic tank, the separation membrane of the membrane separation device 15 is not clogged at all, so the permeation flux is large, and therefore the amount of permeate is also large. However, the straightening plates 22a, 22
Since the areas of the openings 23a and 23b of b are constant, the amount of permeate flowing through the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 and the disinfecting tank 26 is constant, and a large amount of permeate passes through the third return pipe 25. Then, it is returned to the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 and the second aerobic treatment chamber 6. When the permeation flux of the separation membrane decreases with time, the amount of permeate entering the measuring box 20 decreases, but the amount of permeate flowing into the first anaerobic treatment chamber 3 and the disinfection tank 26 decreases. Since the amount is constant, the amount of permeated liquid returned via the third return pipe 25 decreases.
【００１６】尚、以上は実施の一例を示したものであ
り、例えば計量ボックス２０の構造は上記に限らず、一
定量の透過液を消毒槽２６に供給し、残りを本体１内の
いずれかの室に戻す構造のものであればよい。また、実
施例にあっては計量ボックス２０からの透過液を嫌気性
処理室及び好気性処理室の両方に戻すようにしたが、い
ずれか一方に戻すようにしてもよい。The above is an example of the embodiment, for example, the structure of the measuring box 20 is not limited to the above, and a certain amount of permeated liquid is supplied to the disinfecting tank 26, and the rest is stored in the main body 1. Any structure can be used as long as it is returned to the chamber. Further, in the embodiment, the permeated liquid from the measuring box 20 is returned to both the anaerobic treatment chamber and the aerobic treatment chamber, but it may be returned to either one.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上に説明した如く本発明によれば、浄
化槽の好気性処理室で処理した廃水を膜分離装置に供給
して固液分離処理を行ない、分離膜を透過した透過液の
一部を浄化槽の嫌気性処理室または好気性処理室に戻す
ようにしたので、透過液を一定量だけ浄化槽から連続し
て排出させることができ、排水の管理が容易になる。As described above, according to the present invention, the wastewater treated in the aerobic treatment chamber of the septic tank is supplied to the membrane separation device to perform the solid-liquid separation treatment, and one of the permeated liquid that has permeated the separation membrane. Since the part is returned to the anaerobic treatment chamber or the aerobic treatment chamber of the septic tank, a certain amount of the permeated liquid can be continuously discharged from the septic tank, and the management of drainage becomes easy.
【図１】本発明方法の実施に用いる浄化槽の縦断面図FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a septic tank used for carrying out the method of the present invention.
【図２】同浄化槽の平断面図FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of the septic tank.
【図３】図１のＡ−Ａ方向矢視図FIG. 3 is a view on arrow AA of FIG.
【図４】計量ボックスの斜視図FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a weighing box.
１…浄化槽本体、３…第１嫌気性処理室、４…第２嫌気
性処理室、５…第１好気性処理室、６…第２好気性処理
室、７…最終処理室、１４…ポンプ、１５…膜分離装
置、１７…第１戻し管、２０…計量ボックス、２４…第
２戻し管、２５…第３戻し管、２６…消毒槽。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Septic tank main body, 3 ... 1st anaerobic treatment chamber, 4 ... 2nd anaerobic treatment chamber, 5 ... 1st aerobic treatment chamber, 6 ... 2nd aerobic treatment chamber, 7 ... Final treatment chamber, 14 ... Pump , 15 ... Membrane separation device, 17 ... First return pipe, 20 ... Measuring box, 24 ... Second return pipe, 25 ... Third return pipe, 26 ... Disinfection tank.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 下寺 健一 福岡県北九州市小倉北区中島２丁目１番１ 号 東陶機器株式会社内 (72)発明者 三浦 勲 福岡県北九州市小倉北区中島２丁目１番１ 号 東陶機器株式会社内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Kenichi Shimodera Kenichi Shimodera 2-1-1 Nakajima, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture Totoki Kikai Co., Ltd. (72) Isao Miura, Nakajima, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 2-1, 1-1 Totoki Equipment Co., Ltd.
Claims (2)
膜分離装置に供給して固液分離処理を行なうようにした
廃水の処理方法において、前記膜分離装置の分離膜を透
過した透過液の一部を浄化槽の嫌気性処理室または好気
性処理室に戻すようにしたことを特徴とする廃水の処理
方法。1. A method for treating wastewater, wherein wastewater treated in an aerobic treatment chamber of a septic tank is supplied to a membrane separation device for solid-liquid separation treatment, and a permeated liquid that has passed through a separation membrane of the membrane separation device. A part of the waste water is returned to the anaerobic treatment chamber or the aerobic treatment chamber of the septic tank.
戻す透過液の量は消毒槽に送る透過液の量を一定にすべ
く膜分離装置の運転につれて経時的に変化させるように
したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の廃水の処理方
法。2. The amount of the permeate returned to the anaerobic treatment chamber or the aerobic treatment chamber is changed with the operation of the membrane separation device in order to keep the amount of the permeate sent to the disinfection tank constant. The method for treating wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25536492A JPH0679293A (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1992-09-01 | Treatment of waste water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25536492A JPH0679293A (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1992-09-01 | Treatment of waste water |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0679293A true JPH0679293A (en) | 1994-03-22 |
Family
ID=17277750
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25536492A Withdrawn JPH0679293A (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1992-09-01 | Treatment of waste water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0679293A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6863817B2 (en) | 2002-12-05 | 2005-03-08 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Membrane bioreactor, process and aerator |
-
1992
- 1992-09-01 JP JP25536492A patent/JPH0679293A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6863817B2 (en) | 2002-12-05 | 2005-03-08 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Membrane bioreactor, process and aerator |
| US7022236B2 (en) | 2002-12-05 | 2006-04-04 | Zenon Environmental Inc. | Membrane bioreactor, process and aerator |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| RU2282597C1 (en) | Method for deep biological purification of waste water and apparatus to implement the same | |
| JP3167242B2 (en) | Septic tank combined with membrane separation | |
| US11760670B2 (en) | Fixed biofilm anaerobic-aerobic combined reactor for treating wastewater | |
| JPS6219294A (en) | Night soil septic tank | |
| JPH0679293A (en) | Treatment of waste water | |
| JPH0671274A (en) | Septic tank | |
| JPH09108672A (en) | Parallel two-stage membrane separation type septic tank | |
| JPH0671278A (en) | Septic tank | |
| KR970003588Y1 (en) | Waste-water purifier | |
| JPH0671275A (en) | Septic tank | |
| CN214167476U (en) | Wastewater treatment device integrating adjustment and A/O (anaerobic/anoxic/oxic) integration | |
| CN209974532U (en) | Landfill leachate advanced treatment system | |
| JPH0671277A (en) | Septic tank and method for backwashing membrane separator in septic tank | |
| CN207828053U (en) | A kind of sewage-treatment plant | |
| JP4013125B2 (en) | Remodeling method of existing single septic tank to garbage disposal equipment | |
| JP3309465B2 (en) | Septic tank membrane treatment device and septic tank | |
| JPH02222783A (en) | Structure for back washing of filter medium in aerobic treatment chamber of septic tank | |
| JPH0671279A (en) | Septic tank provided with membrane separator and method for backwashing the separator | |
| JPH0111360Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH06254581A (en) | Method and device for treating waste water | |
| JPH02222780A (en) | Structure of collecting inlet chamber of septic tank | |
| JPH09103792A (en) | Septic tank containing filter used also as partition wall | |
| JP2002346580A (en) | Combination of existing individual treatment septic tank | |
| KR100305361B1 (en) | Household sewage treatment device | |
| JPH0780484A (en) | Septic tank |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Withdrawal of application because of no request for examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 19991102 |