JPH0672823B2 - Thermal detector - Google Patents

Thermal detector

Info

Publication number
JPH0672823B2
JPH0672823B2 JP24517587A JP24517587A JPH0672823B2 JP H0672823 B2 JPH0672823 B2 JP H0672823B2 JP 24517587 A JP24517587 A JP 24517587A JP 24517587 A JP24517587 A JP 24517587A JP H0672823 B2 JPH0672823 B2 JP H0672823B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
heat
hollow body
heating element
case
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP24517587A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6486017A (en
Inventor
章男 田島
克己 石井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP24517587A priority Critical patent/JPH0672823B2/en
Publication of JPS6486017A publication Critical patent/JPS6486017A/en
Publication of JPH0672823B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0672823B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、人間に快適な環境を提供する空気調和装置に
おける環境の温熱情体を検知する温熱検知装置に関する
ものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a thermal detection device for detecting a thermal condition of an environment in an air conditioner that provides a comfortable environment for humans.

従来の技術 従来この種の温熱検知装置は、第5図に示すように、発
熱体1を人体と熱的特性が概略一致するゼリー状物質か
らなる被覆体2で被覆するとともに、前記被覆体2の温
度を検知する熱電対でなる検知体3を具備し、前記被覆
体2の外側には多数の通気孔4を有しかつ輻射熱を透過
するポリエチレン等の樹脂で球形に成型されたカバー5
が設けられ、前記発熱体1への電力供給線6と、前記検
知体3からの信号線7が具備された構成の温熱検知素子
が出願されており(例えば特開昭60−170731号公報)こ
の素子を用いて、前記電力供給線6に一定の電力を供給
しつつ、前記信号線7より環境の温熱状態に応じた信号
を得るようになっていたが、上記のような構成では、発
熱体と温度検知体とが個々に必要である上に、ゼリー状
物質という特殊な材料を用いるため構造が複雑かつ生産
性が悪いという問題点があり、これを解決するため、第
6図に示すようなサーミスタを用いた自己発熱素子8を
開口部を有し光熱に対する内面9の反射性が良好な中空
体10と前記中空体10の開口部に設けた多孔状カバー11の
内部に設けた検知素子を用いた温熱検知装置が考えられ
ている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 5, in this type of heat detecting device, a heating element 1 is coated with a coating 2 made of a jelly-like substance whose thermal characteristics are substantially the same as those of a human body, and the coating 2 is formed. A cover 5 formed of a resin such as polyethylene, which has a plurality of ventilation holes 4 and which transmits radiant heat, is provided on the outer side of the covering body 2 and which has a detecting body 3 made of a thermocouple for detecting the temperature of
Has been provided, and an application has been made for a heat sensing element having a structure in which a power supply line 6 to the heating element 1 and a signal line 7 from the sensing element 3 are provided (for example, JP-A-60-170731). This element was used to supply a constant amount of power to the power supply line 6 while obtaining a signal from the signal line 7 according to the thermal state of the environment. There is a problem that the structure and the productivity are poor because the body and the temperature sensing body are required individually and the special material called jelly-like substance is used. To solve this, the problem is shown in FIG. Detecting the self-heating element 8 using such a thermistor provided inside the hollow body 10 having an opening and having good internal surface 9 reflectivity against light and heat and the porous cover 11 provided at the opening of the hollow body 10. A thermal detection device using an element has been considered.

発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかしながら、上記何れの検知体においても、ケース等
に設置する場合、ケースとの熱伝導によりケースの熱的
影響を大きく受けるため、測定の誤差、ケースの熱時定
数による応答性の悪化等正確な測定が行なえない場合が
生じるという問題点を有していた。本発明はかかる従来
の問題点を解消するもので、検知部を断熱性の良い材料
でケース等へ固定することにより、検知部が設置される
部材からの熱的影響を排除した状態でより正確な気温・
気流・輻射温の温熱的影響の一括検知を行ない、空気調
和装置を従来に比較してよりきめ細かく制御し、快適な
温熱空間を提供することを目的とする。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in any of the above detectors, when installed in a case or the like, thermal conduction between the case and the case greatly affects the thermal effect of the case, resulting in measurement error and thermal time constant of the case. However, there is a problem in that accurate measurement cannot be performed due to deterioration of responsiveness. The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and by fixing the detection unit to a case or the like with a material having a good heat insulating property, it is more accurate in the state where the thermal influence from the member in which the detection unit is installed is eliminated. Temperature
The purpose of the present invention is to detect the thermal effects of airflow and radiant temperature all at once, control the air conditioner more finely than before, and provide a comfortable warm space.

問題点を解決するための手段 上記問題点を解決するために本発明の温熱検知装置は、
開口部を有し光熱に対する内面の反射性が良好な中空体
と、前記中空体を設置するケースと、前記中空体の開口
部に設けた多孔状カバーと、前記中空体及び前記多孔状
カバーを前記ケースと直接接触することなしに前記ケー
スに固定する断熱性の良い材料からなる接合部と、前記
中空体内部に設けた自身の温度により電気抵抗が変化す
る物質からなる発熱素子と、前記発熱素子を一定の温度
に維持する制御手段と、前記制御手段から前記発熱素子
へ供給される電力から環境の温熱状態を判断する判断手
段とからなる構成としたものである。
Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the heat detection device of the present invention is
A hollow body having an opening and good internal surface reflectivity to light and heat, a case for installing the hollow body, a porous cover provided in the opening of the hollow body, the hollow body and the porous cover. A joint part made of a material having a good heat insulating property that is fixed to the case without directly contacting with the case; a heating element made of a substance whose electric resistance changes according to its own temperature provided inside the hollow body; The control means maintains the element at a constant temperature, and the determination means determines the thermal state of the environment from the electric power supplied from the control means to the heating element.

作用 本発明は上記した構成によって、前記発熱素子が多孔状
カバーを通して直接あるいは中空体内面で反射して、周
囲の物体及び日射と輻射熱交換するとともに周囲気流に
よって生じる中空体内部の二次気流と対流熱交換を行な
い、さらに前記多孔状カバーが周囲の物体及び日射と輻
射熱交換することにより前記多孔状カバー及び前記中空
体が加熱または冷却されることにより前記発熱体との間
で輻射熱交換をするとともに伝導によりその一部の熱が
授受される。また、接合部によりケースからの熱的な悪
影響を防ぐことができる。このとき前記中空体の形状お
よび寸法は、前記発熱素子と周囲環境との対流熱伝達お
よび輻射熱伝達の割合が人体のそれと概略一致するよう
に形成しているため、前記発熱素子を前記制御手段によ
って一定温度に維持するための負荷の大小が人体の体温
を一定に維持するための負荷に対応して得られる。この
負荷を電気信号として取り出し、この出力から人体の温
熱感覚を判断することが出来るため、この判断に基づい
て空気調和装置を制御することにより、快適な空間を容
易に実現することができるのである。
The present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, in which the heat generating element is reflected directly through the porous cover or on the inner surface of the hollow body to exchange radiant heat with surrounding objects and solar radiation, and convection with the secondary airflow inside the hollow body caused by the surrounding airflow. Heat exchange is performed, and the porous cover and the hollow body are heated or cooled by radiant heat exchange between the porous cover and the surrounding objects and solar radiation, thereby performing radiant heat exchange with the heating element. Part of the heat is transferred by conduction. Further, the joint portion can prevent thermal adverse effects from the case. At this time, since the shape and dimensions of the hollow body are formed so that the ratios of convective heat transfer and radiant heat transfer between the heat generating element and the surrounding environment substantially match those of the human body, the heat generating element is controlled by the control means. The magnitude of the load for maintaining a constant temperature is obtained corresponding to the load for maintaining the body temperature of the human body constant. Since this load can be extracted as an electric signal and the thermal sensation of the human body can be judged from this output, a comfortable space can be easily realized by controlling the air conditioner based on this judgment. .

実施例 以下、本発明の実施例を添付図面に基づいて説明する。Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

第1図に示すブロック図において12はサーミスタを用い
た発熱素子であり、第2図の一部切欠斜視図に詳しく示
すように、光熱に対して反射性の良好なアルミニウムで
内面13をメッキした樹脂性の中空体14に細かい開口を表
面を艶消黒色で塗装してある多孔状カバー15を設け、さ
らに前記中空体14の外周に発泡スチロール製の整合部16
を設け、接合部16の一部によってケース17に接着固定さ
れている。
In the block diagram shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 12 is a heating element using a thermistor. As shown in detail in the partially cutaway perspective view of FIG. 2, the inner surface 13 is plated with aluminum having good light heat reflection. A resinous hollow body (14) is provided with a porous cover (15) having fine openings whose surface is coated with a matt black color, and a matching part (16) made of expanded polystyrene is provided on the outer periphery of the hollow body (14).
Is provided and is bonded and fixed to the case 17 by a part of the joint portion 16.

前記発熱素子12は制御手段18により、常に一定の温度に
発熱するよう制御され、このときの前記制御手段18の制
御負荷の信号から判断手段19において人体の温熱感覚に
対応する情報が得られる。
The heating element 12 is controlled by the control means 18 so as to always generate heat at a constant temperature. From the signal of the control load of the control means 18 at this time, the determination means 19 obtains information corresponding to the thermal sensation of the human body.

第4図は前記制御手段18の一実施例であるが、前記発熱
素子12と、演算増幅器20及び固定抵抗器21、固定抵抗器
22、固定抵抗器23とで前記発熱素子12の温度を一定に制
御する構成としている、回路を動作させると前記発熱素
子12は前記固定抵抗器21、前記固定抵抗器22、前記固定
抵抗器23の抵抗値と前記発熱素子12の温度−抵抗特性で
決定されるある一定温度に発熱するが、ここで環境の気
温・風速・輻射温度の何れかが変化して発熱素子12の温
度を低下させるように働くと、サーミスタである発熱素
子12の抵抗が上りb点の電位が上昇するので、前記演算
増幅器19によりa点とb点の電位差が増幅されc点の電
位が上昇しその結果前記発熱素子12に流れる電流が増加
する、この電流の増加により前記発熱素子12の発熱量が
大きくなり、前記発熱素子12の温度が上昇し、元の温度
で安定する。このときb点あるいはc点の電位を前記制
御手段18に取り出して以下の処理に移行する。前記発熱
素子12の表面と環境との熱収支は次式で示される。
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the control means 18, wherein the heating element 12, the operational amplifier 20, the fixed resistor 21, and the fixed resistor are provided.
22 and a fixed resistor 23, the temperature of the heating element 12 is controlled to be constant. When the circuit is operated, the heating element 12 is fixed to the fixed resistor 21, the fixed resistor 22, and the fixed resistor 23. And the temperature of the heating element 12-heats to a certain temperature determined by the resistance characteristic, but the temperature of the heating element 12 is lowered by changing any of the ambient temperature, wind speed, and radiation temperature. In this way, the resistance of the heating element 12, which is a thermistor, rises and the potential at the point b rises. Therefore, the potential difference between the points a and b is amplified by the operational amplifier 19 and the potential at the point c rises, resulting in the heat generation. The current flowing through the element 12 increases, the amount of heat generated by the heating element 12 increases due to this increase in current, and the temperature of the heating element 12 rises and stabilizes at the original temperature. At this time, the electric potential at the point b or the point c is taken out to the control means 18 and the following processing is performed. The heat balance between the surface of the heating element 12 and the environment is expressed by the following equation.

Q=αc(Ts−Ta)+αr(Ts−Tr) ただし、 Q : 発熱素子の単位表面積当りの放熱量(発熱素
子の温度を一定に制御するための負荷) αc : 発熱素子と環境との対流熱伝達率 Ts : 発熱素子の温度(一定に制御) Ta : 気温 αr : 発熱素子と環境との輻射熱伝達率 Tr : 周囲輻射温度 前記内面13は放物曲線面で構成され前記発熱素子12を前
記内面13の放物曲線面の概ね焦点の位置に設けてあるこ
とにより、前記多孔状カバー15を通して周囲環境からの
輻射を前記発熱素子12に収束させるとともに、前記発熱
素子12は、周囲を中空体14により囲まれた窪みの中に設
置しかつ前記多孔状カバー15を介することにより、前記
発熱素子12に直接接触する気流の速度を大きく減衰させ
るよう構成しているため、前記発熱素子12の輻射熱伝達
率αr及び対流熱伝達率αcを人体の輻射熱伝達率及び
平均対流熱伝達率と概略等しくなり、前記発熱素子12を
一定温度に維持する熱負荷は、同じ環境で人体がその体
温を維持するに必要な熱負荷と高い相関が得られる。あ
らかじめ判断手段19にはワンチップマイコンのROMの中
にサーミスタの非線型性を補正するためのテーブル及び
第5図に示すような前記制御手段18により得られる負荷
信号と人体の温熱感覚との関係を数式あるいはテーブル
のかたちでもっており、これによってその環境における
気温・気流・輻射温によって生じる人体の温熱感覚とほ
ぼ等価な出力が得られるので、この感覚が中立になるよ
うに空調機器を制御すれば、常に快適な環境が維持され
る。
Q = αc (Ts-Ta) + αr (Ts-Tr) However, Q: Heat dissipation amount per unit surface area of the heating element (load for controlling the temperature of the heating element to be constant) αc: Convection between the heating element and the environment Heat transfer coefficient Ts: Temperature of heat generating element (controlled to be constant) Ta: Temperature αr: Radiant heat transfer coefficient of heat generating element and environment Tr: Ambient radiant temperature The inner surface 13 is a parabolic curved surface, and the heat generating element 12 is By providing the inner surface 13 at a substantially focal position of the parabolic curved surface, the radiation from the surrounding environment is converged to the heating element 12 through the porous cover 15, and the heating element 12 is a hollow body around the circumference. Since it is installed in the recess surrounded by 14 and via the porous cover 15, the velocity of the air flow that directly contacts the heating element 12 is greatly attenuated, so that the radiant heat of the heating element 12 is reduced. Transfer coefficient αr and convection heat transfer The reaching rate αc becomes approximately equal to the radiant heat transfer coefficient and the average convective heat transfer coefficient of the human body, and the heat load for maintaining the heating element 12 at a constant temperature is the heat load required for the human body to maintain its body temperature in the same environment. High correlation is obtained. A table for correcting the non-linearity of the thermistor is stored in the ROM of the one-chip microcomputer in advance in the judging means 19, and the relationship between the load signal obtained by the control means 18 as shown in FIG. 5 and the thermal sensation of the human body. Is expressed in the form of a mathematical expression or a table, and this gives an output that is almost equivalent to the thermal sensation of the human body caused by the temperature, air flow, and radiant temperature in that environment, so it is possible to control the air conditioning equipment so that this sensation becomes neutral. Therefore, a comfortable environment is always maintained.

上記構成によれば、輻射に対して指向性を持つため特に
注目したい壁面等の輻射の影響を検知することができ、
また、輻射を収束して感度を高めているため相対的に発
熱素子12の形状を小さくすることが可能となり、小消費
電力での駆動が可能となる。さらに気流に対しては方向
性による影響が少なくどの方向に対しても等しく影響を
検知することができる。
According to the above configuration, it is possible to detect the influence of the radiation on the wall surface or the like, which is of particular interest because it has directivity to the radiation.
Further, since the radiation is converged and the sensitivity is enhanced, the shape of the heating element 12 can be made relatively small, and driving with small power consumption becomes possible. Furthermore, the influence of the directionality on the air flow is small, and the influence can be detected equally in any direction.

ステンレス製の多孔状カバーを用いたことにより使用時
に指、鉛筆等により不用意に発熱素子や内面に傷をつけ
たりすることがない。
Since the porous cover made of stainless steel is used, the heating element and the inner surface are not inadvertently scratched by a finger, a pencil or the like during use.

発泡スチロール製の接合部16によりケース17に固定した
ことにより、発熱素子12、中空体14、多孔状カバー15で
構成される検知部分がケース15からの伝導による熱的影
響を遮断することができる。
By fixing to the case 17 with the styrofoam joint portion 16, the detection portion constituted by the heating element 12, the hollow body 14, and the porous cover 15 can block the thermal influence due to conduction from the case 15.

なお、ここでは発熱素子にサーミスタを用いたが、その
代りに白金抵抗体等を用いてもよい、また、内面13は曲
面を樹脂成型しその表面にアルミニウム等の金属を蒸着
することによっても製造が可能である。
Although a thermistor is used as the heating element here, a platinum resistor or the like may be used instead of the thermistor, and the inner surface 13 may be manufactured by resin-molding a curved surface and depositing a metal such as aluminum on the surface thereof. Is possible.

多孔状カバーはステンレスのみならず、他の金属あるい
は樹脂により構成することも可能である。
The porous cover may be made of not only stainless steel but also other metal or resin.

発明の効果 以上のように本発明の温熱検知装置によれば次の効果が
得られる。
EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, according to the heat detection device of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(1)輻射熱を反射しかつ多孔状カバーと共に気流を減
少させる中空体により発熱素子の対流及び輻射熱伝達率
を人体の値と概略一致することが可能でありかつ制御手
段で発熱素子を一定温度に維持する構成としているので
その負荷の大きさと人体の温熱感覚とに高い相関が得ら
れ、最適な空調機器の制御を行うことが出来る。
(1) The convection and radiant heat transfer coefficient of the heating element can be substantially matched with the value of the human body by the hollow body that reflects the radiant heat and reduces the air flow together with the porous cover, and the heating element can be kept at a constant temperature by the control means. Since the configuration is maintained, a high correlation can be obtained between the magnitude of the load and the thermal sensation of the human body, and optimal control of the air conditioning equipment can be performed.

(2)断熱性の良い接合部によりケースとその他の部分
を熱的に絶縁したので、ケースからの熱伝導の影響を受
けることなく正確な検知を行なうことができる。
(2) Since the case and other parts are thermally insulated by the heat-insulating joint, accurate detection can be performed without being affected by heat conduction from the case.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第1図は本発明の一実施例の温熱検知装置の構成を示す
一部断面図を含むブロック図、第2図は同温熱検知装置
の発熱素子および中空体部分の構成を示す一部切欠斜視
図、第3図は同温熱検知装置の制御手段の回路図、第4
図は同温熱検知装置の判断手段での判断内容を示す特性
図、第5図は従来の温熱検知装置の検知体の構造を示す
一部切欠斜視図、第6図は他の従来の温熱検知装置の検
知体の構造を示す一部切欠斜視図である。 10……発熱素子、14……中空体、15……多孔状カバー、
16……接合部、17……ケース、18……制御手段、19……
判断手段。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram including a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of a heat detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the structure of a heating element and a hollow body part of the heat detection device. FIG. 3 and FIG. 3 are circuit diagrams of the control means of the same heat detection device, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the contents of judgment by the judgment means of the same heat detection device, FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing the structure of the detector of the conventional heat detection device, and FIG. 6 is another conventional heat detection device. It is a partially notched perspective view which shows the structure of the detection body of an apparatus. 10 ... Heating element, 14 ... Hollow body, 15 ... Porous cover,
16 …… Joint part, 17 …… Case, 18 …… Control means, 19 ……
Judgment means.

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】開口部を有し光熱に対する内面の反射性が
良好な中空体と、前記中空体を設置するケースと、前記
中空体の開口部に設けた多孔状カバーと、前記中空体及
び前記多孔状カバーを前記ケースと直接接触することな
しに前記ケースに固定する断熱性の良い材料からなる接
合部と、前記中空体内部に設けた自身の温度により電気
抵抗が変化する物質からなる発熱素子と、前記発熱素子
を一定の温度に維持する制御手段と、前記制御手段から
前記発熱素子へ供給される電力から環境の温熱状態を判
断する判断手段とからなる温熱検知装置。
1. A hollow body having an opening and having a good inner surface reflectivity to light and heat, a case for installing the hollow body, a porous cover provided in the opening of the hollow body, the hollow body, and Heat generated from a joint part that fixes the porous cover to the case without directly contacting the case with a heat insulating material, and a substance provided in the hollow body, the electric resistance of which changes depending on its own temperature. A heat detecting device comprising: an element, a control means for maintaining the heat generating element at a constant temperature, and a determining means for determining the heat state of the environment from the electric power supplied from the control means to the heat generating element.
【請求項2】接合部はケースの内面に固定される断熱材
で構成される特許請求の範囲第1項記載の温熱検知装
置。
2. The heat sensing device according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion is made of a heat insulating material fixed to the inner surface of the case.
JP24517587A 1987-09-29 1987-09-29 Thermal detector Expired - Fee Related JPH0672823B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24517587A JPH0672823B2 (en) 1987-09-29 1987-09-29 Thermal detector

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24517587A JPH0672823B2 (en) 1987-09-29 1987-09-29 Thermal detector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6486017A JPS6486017A (en) 1989-03-30
JPH0672823B2 true JPH0672823B2 (en) 1994-09-14

Family

ID=17129723

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP24517587A Expired - Fee Related JPH0672823B2 (en) 1987-09-29 1987-09-29 Thermal detector

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0672823B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6486017A (en) 1989-03-30

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