JPH0667725A - Autonomously running vehicle - Google Patents

Autonomously running vehicle

Info

Publication number
JPH0667725A
JPH0667725A JP22011492A JP22011492A JPH0667725A JP H0667725 A JPH0667725 A JP H0667725A JP 22011492 A JP22011492 A JP 22011492A JP 22011492 A JP22011492 A JP 22011492A JP H0667725 A JPH0667725 A JP H0667725A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
vehicle
white line
gaze
information
point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP22011492A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akira Hattori
彰 服部
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority to JP22011492A priority Critical patent/JPH0667725A/en
Publication of JPH0667725A publication Critical patent/JPH0667725A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Navigation (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To exactly execute steering control, even in the case there is missing in a curve part whose curvature is large and white line information by determining significance of information in each gaze point, based on a deviation amount of an inclination of a white line in the gaze point which becomes a reference and other gaze point, in plural gaze points. CONSTITUTION:A vehicle 1 photographs a white line 3 on a road in front of its advance position, and runs along on this white line 3. The vehicle 1 calculates information (steering angle) in plural photographed gaze points L0-Li. The vehicle 1 takes these gaze points L0-Li from right front of this vehicle 1 on a line extended straight forward in the (y) axis direction from this vehicle 1. The vehicle 1 derives horizontal deflections x0-xi being a distance extending from these gaze points L0-Li to each point P0-Pi for intersecting to the white line 3, and inclinations t0-ti against the advance direction of the vehicle 1 of the white line 3 in each point Pi. Moreover, the vehicle 1 determines significance of each gaze point information, based on a deviation amount of this inclination (ti), and determines an output steering angle by using this significance.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、車両に取り付けられた
撮像手段により車両の進行方向前方の道路上の白線を撮
像し、該白線に沿って走行する自律走行車両に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an autonomous vehicle which picks up an image of a white line on a road ahead of a vehicle in a traveling direction by an image pickup means attached to the vehicle and runs along the white line.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】この種の自律走行車両としては、例えば
自動車技術、1991年2月号第45巻、「ドライバー
モデルを用いた自動車運転システム」、第20頁に記載
されている予見追跡制御系として取り上げられている
(1)前方注視モデル、(2)2次予測モデル、(3)
プログラム操舵モデル等がある。これらはそれぞれ車両
から前方にLm(直線)延ばした位置でのずれで操舵制
御を行ったり、または2次曲線で推定したτ秒後の位置
のずれで操舵制御を行ったり、またはコースの曲率に応
じて予めプログラムされた操舵と実際のずれの修正で操
舵制御を行っている。
As an autonomous vehicle of this type, for example, a preview tracking control system described in Automotive Technology, Vol. 45, February 1991, "Automotive Driving System Using Driver Model", page 20. (1) Forward gaze model, (2) Secondary prediction model, (3)
There is a program steering model etc. The steering control is performed by the deviation at the position extending Lm (straight line) forward from the vehicle, the steering control is performed by the deviation of the position after τ seconds estimated by the quadratic curve, or the curvature of the course is changed. Accordingly, steering control is performed by pre-programmed steering and correction of actual deviation.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述した従来の自律走
行車両では、主に直線に近いコース、すなわち曲率があ
まり大きくないコースにおいてのみの操舵制御を対象と
しているので、各手法とも曲線部等で最適なLを決定す
るための方式、曲率が非常に大きい場合の操舵追従性、
連続的に曲率が変化する走行路、白線情報にある程度欠
測を含む場合等については全く議論されておらず、一般
的な曲線走行には対処できないという問題がある。
In the above-mentioned conventional autonomous vehicle, since the steering control is mainly performed only on a course that is close to a straight line, that is, a course where the curvature is not so large, each method uses a curved portion or the like. A method for determining the optimum L, steering followability when the curvature is very large,
There has been no discussion about the road where the curvature changes continuously, the case where the white line information contains some missing data, etc., and there is a problem that general curve running cannot be dealt with.

【0004】本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたもので、
その目的とするところは、曲率が大きな曲線部や白線情
報に欠測がある場合でも、適確に操舵制御することがで
きる自律走行車両を提供することにある。
The present invention has been made in view of the above,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an autonomous traveling vehicle capable of performing accurate steering control even when there is a missing portion in a curved portion having a large curvature or white line information.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本発明の自律走行車両は、図1に示すように、車両
に取り付けられた撮像手段により車両の進行方向前方の
道路上の白線を撮像し、白線に沿って走行する自律走行
車両であって、前記撮像手段で撮像した白線上の複数の
注視点における情報を算出する算出手段100と、前記
複数の注視点のうち、基準となる注視点と他の注視点と
における白線の傾きの偏差量に基づいて前記注視点にお
ける前記情報の重要度を決定する重要度決定手段101
とを有することを要旨とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the autonomous vehicle of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, uses an image pickup means attached to a vehicle to display a white line on the road ahead of the vehicle in the traveling direction. An autonomous traveling vehicle that images and travels along a white line, and serves as a reference among the plurality of gazing points and a calculating unit 100 that calculates information at a plurality of gazing points on the white line captured by the imaging unit. Importance determining means 101 for determining the importance of the information at the gazing point based on the deviation amount of the inclination of the white line between the gazing point and another gazing point
The point is to have and.

【0006】[0006]

【作用】本発明の自律走行車両では、撮像手段で撮像し
た白線上の複数の注視点における情報を算出するととも
に、この複数の注視点のうち、基準となる注視点と他の
注視点とにおける白線の傾きの偏差量に基づいて各注視
点における情報の重要度を決定している。
In the autonomous vehicle of the present invention, the information at a plurality of gazing points on the white line captured by the imaging means is calculated, and the reference gazing point and the other gazing points among the plurality of gazing points are calculated. The importance of information at each gazing point is determined based on the deviation amount of the slope of the white line.

【0007】[0007]

【実施例】以下、図面を用いて本発明の実施例を説明す
る。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【0008】図2は、本発明の一実施例に係わる自律走
行車両の概略構成図である。同図に示す自律走行車両1
は、進行方向前方の道路上の白線3を撮像し得るように
該車両の端部に取り付けられた撮像手段であるカメラ2
を有する。
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an autonomous traveling vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Autonomous vehicle 1 shown in FIG.
Is a camera 2 which is an image pickup means attached to an end of the vehicle so that the white line 3 on the road ahead in the traveling direction can be imaged.
Have.

【0009】図2に示すカメラ2で撮像された白線3の
画像情報は、図3に示すように、車両1に搭載されてい
る画像処理装置11に供給される。該画像処理装置11
においては、指定された注視点距離における白線3の位
置座標およびその点の車両1に対する白線の傾きが検出
され、これらの情報は走行制御部15に供給される。ま
た、この走行制御部15には、車両1の走行ノード、パ
ス情報等を記憶している地図記憶部13からの地図情報
も供給されるようになっている。走行制御部15は、画
像処理装置11および地図情報記憶部13から供給され
る情報に基づいて走行すべき経路情報を決定し、操舵制
御部17に供給する。操舵制御部17は以上の情報から
車両1の操舵角を算出し、速度指令値と操舵指令値をス
テアリング駆動部19に供給する。ステアリング駆動部
19は前記速度指令値および操舵指令値に基づいて図示
しないアクチュエータを作動させ、これにより操舵制御
を行う。
The image information of the white line 3 picked up by the camera 2 shown in FIG. 2 is supplied to the image processing device 11 mounted on the vehicle 1 as shown in FIG. The image processing device 11
In, the position coordinates of the white line 3 at the designated gazing point distance and the inclination of the white line with respect to the vehicle 1 at that point are detected, and these pieces of information are supplied to the traveling control unit 15. Further, the travel control unit 15 is also supplied with map information from the map storage unit 13 which stores the travel node of the vehicle 1, path information and the like. The travel control unit 15 determines the route information to be traveled based on the information supplied from the image processing device 11 and the map information storage unit 13, and supplies it to the steering control unit 17. The steering control unit 17 calculates the steering angle of the vehicle 1 from the above information, and supplies the speed command value and the steering command value to the steering drive unit 19. The steering drive unit 19 operates an actuator (not shown) based on the speed command value and the steering command value, thereby performing steering control.

【0010】図4は、車両1のカメラ2で撮像した車両
の進行方向前方に存在する白線3を示している。同図に
示すように、白線3は左にカーブしているが、車両1か
ら前方に真直にy軸方向に延出したラインの上に車両1
の直前から取った複数の注視点L0,L1,L2,・・
・Li(i=m)から白線3に対して交差する各点P
0,P1,P2,・・・Piまでの距離である横偏位x
0,x1,x2,・・・xiを前記画像処理装置11で
算出するとともに、各点Piにおける白線3の車両1の
進行方向に対する傾きt0,t1,t2,・・・tiを
画像処理装置11で算出する。
FIG. 4 shows a white line 3 existing in the forward direction of the vehicle, which is imaged by the camera 2 of the vehicle 1. As shown in the figure, the white line 3 curves to the left, but the vehicle 1 is placed on the line extending straight forward from the vehicle 1 in the y-axis direction.
Multiple gaze points L0, L1, L2, ...
・ Each point P that intersects the white line 3 from Li (i = m)
Lateral deviation x which is the distance to 0, P1, P2, ... Pi
0, x1, x2, ... xi are calculated by the image processing apparatus 11, and inclinations t0, t1, t2, ... Ti of the white line 3 at each point Pi with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle 1 are calculated by the image processing apparatus 11. Calculate with.

【0011】そして、各注視点Liにおける操舵角si
を次式のように算出する。
Then, the steering angle si at each gazing point Li
Is calculated by the following equation.

【0012】si=f(xi,ti) ここで、i=0〜mまで上記式を算出すると、出力操舵
角Sが次式のように求まることになる。
Si = f (xi, ti) Here, when the above equation is calculated from i = 0 to m, the output steering angle S is obtained by the following equation.

【0013】[0013]

【数1】 図5は、R15の曲線部を走行した場合の上述したよう
に求められる出力操舵角Sを示すグラフである。同図に
示すように、実際にはL=8m当りから操舵の制御性が
悪くなり、曲線の入口部では逆ハンドルになることがわ
かる。10m以上では更に悪くなっている。しかしなが
ら、曲線出口部では、10mあたりでも制御性は徐々に
良くなっていく。
[Equation 1] FIG. 5 is a graph showing the output steering angle S obtained as described above when traveling on the curved portion of R15. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the controllability of steering actually deteriorates from around L = 8 m, and the steering wheel becomes a reverse handle at the entrance of the curve. It is even worse at 10 m and above. However, at the curve exit, the controllability gradually improves even after about 10 m.

【0014】従って、曲線部の入口では、遠方の白線は
あまり制御の入力として使用しないで、出力部では近方
から遠方までを入力として自動的に視点を制御すること
がよいことが図5からわかる。
Therefore, at the entrance of the curved portion, it is preferable that the distant white line is not used as a control input so much, and that the output portion automatically controls the viewpoint by inputting from near to far. Recognize.

【0015】そこで、前述した出力操舵角の式に対し
て、次式のように傾きtiの評価関数μ=k(ti)を
考えて、この関数μで前記出力操舵角の式を重み付けす
る。
Therefore, with respect to the above expression of the output steering angle, an evaluation function μ = k (ti) of the inclination ti is considered as in the following expression, and the expression of the output steering angle is weighted by this function μ.

【0016】[0016]

【数2】 この関数μは、図6に示すように、基準とする傾きt0
に対して許容値tM を設け、基準の傾きt0からはずれ
る程、すなわち曲線部の入口において遠方程、関数μで
表される重みを減少するように制御する。
[Equation 2] As shown in FIG. 6, this function μ has a reference slope t0.
Is set to an allowable value t M, and the weight represented by the function μ is controlled so as to be deviated from the reference gradient t0, that is, as the distance from the entrance of the curved portion increases.

【0017】すなわち、図6において、8m,9m,1
0m・・・のように遠方になる程、関数μの値は減少ま
たは0となり、出力操舵角に遠方の白線の情報の影響は
低減していく。
That is, in FIG. 6, 8 m, 9 m, 1
The value of the function μ decreases or becomes 0 as the distance increases, such as 0 m, and the influence of the information of the distant white line on the output steering angle decreases.

【0018】また、曲線部の出口部では、図7に示すよ
うに、点P3でも関数μの値は1に近くなり、遠方まで
白線情報を捉えるようになる。
At the exit of the curved portion, as shown in FIG. 7, the value of the function μ is close to 1 even at the point P3, and the white line information can be captured far away.

【0019】更に、VG =Σμを変数とし、V=α×V
G を速度制御に用いれば、曲線部の入口で減速し、出口
で加速するように制御も可能である。また、注視点位置
は速度に応じて変えることができる。
Further, with V G = Σμ as a variable, V = α × V
If G is used for speed control, it is also possible to control so as to decelerate at the entrance of the curved portion and accelerate at the exit. Further, the position of the point of gaze can be changed according to the speed.

【0020】上述したように、本実施例では、各注視点
における白線との傾きtiの関数μによって各注視点の
情報である操舵角si=f(xi,ti)を重み付け
し、すなわち各注視点情報の重要度を決定するととも
に、この重要度を用いて各操舵角を加重平均することに
より出力操舵角を決定し、これにより曲率が大きな曲線
部や白線情報に欠測がある場合でも、適確な操舵制御を
達成しているものである。
As described above, in this embodiment, the steering angle si = f (xi, ti), which is the information of each gazing point, is weighted by the function μ of the inclination ti with the white line at each gazing point, that is, each gazing point. In addition to determining the importance of viewpoint information, the output steering angle is determined by weighted averaging each steering angle using this importance, and even if there is a missing portion in the curved portion with large curvature or white line information, This achieves appropriate steering control.

【0021】[0021]

【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明によれば、
撮像手段で撮像した白線上の複数の注視点における情報
を算出するとともに、この複数の注視点のうち、基準と
なる注視点と他の注視点とにおける白線の傾きの偏差量
に基づいて角注視点における情報の重要度を決定してい
るので、曲線部出口を含む直線部では多視点からの情報
に基づく操舵制御により高速性および安定性を向上する
ことができ、また曲線部入口を含む曲線部では、操舵制
御に有効な視点に重みがかかり、遠方の視点を除き、例
えば数点の視点からの情報から操舵制御を行い、適確な
操舵制御を行うことができる。
As described above, according to the present invention,
Information is calculated at a plurality of gazing points on the white line captured by the image capturing means, and the angle injection is performed based on the deviation amount of the inclination of the white line between the reference gazing point and the other gazing points among the plurality of gazing points. Since the importance of the information at the viewpoint is determined, in the straight part including the curved part exit, the high speed and stability can be improved by the steering control based on the information from multiple viewpoints. In the section, the effective viewpoint for the steering control is weighted, and the steering control is performed based on the information from the viewpoints of several points, excluding the distant viewpoint, and the accurate steering control can be performed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明のクレーム対応図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram corresponding to a claim of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の一実施例に係わる自律走行車両の概略
構成図である。
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an autonomous traveling vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図3】図2に示す自律走行車両の回路構成を示すブロ
ック図である。
3 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of the autonomous traveling vehicle shown in FIG.

【図4】図2の自律走行車両に使用されるカメラで撮像
した車両の進行方向前方に存在する白線を示している。
FIG. 4 shows a white line existing in front of the traveling direction of the vehicle, which is imaged by a camera used for the autonomously traveling vehicle shown in FIG.

【図5】図2の自律走行車両においてR15の曲線部を
走行した場合の出力操舵角を示すグラフである。
5 is a graph showing an output steering angle when traveling on a curved portion of R15 in the autonomous traveling vehicle of FIG. 2. FIG.

【図6】出力操舵角の式を重み付けする関数μを示すグ
ラフである。
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a function μ for weighting the expression of the output steering angle.

【図7】図2に示す自律走行車両において曲線部の出口
における説明図である。
7 is an explanatory diagram of an exit of a curved portion in the autonomous vehicle shown in FIG.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 自律走行車両 2 カメラ 3 白線 11 画像処理装置 13 地図記憶部 15 走行制御部 17 操舵制御部 19 ステアリング駆動部 1 Autonomous vehicle 2 Camera 3 White line 11 Image processing device 13 Map storage unit 15 Travel control unit 17 Steering control unit 19 Steering drive unit

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 車両に取り付けられた撮像手段により車
両の進行方向前方の道路上の白線を撮像し、白線に沿っ
て走行する自律走行車両であって、前記撮像手段で撮像
した白線上の複数の注視点における情報を算出する算出
手段と、前記複数の注視点のうち、基準となる注視点と
他の注視点とにおける白線の傾きの偏差量に基づいて前
記注視点における前記情報の重要度を決定する重要度決
定手段とを有することを特徴とする自律走行車両。
1. An autonomous traveling vehicle which images a white line on a road ahead of the vehicle in a traveling direction of the vehicle by an image pickup means attached to the vehicle and travels along the white line, wherein a plurality of white lines imaged by the image pickup means. Calculating means for calculating information at the point of gaze, and of the plurality of points of gaze, the importance of the information at the point of gaze based on the deviation amount of the inclination of the white line between the reference point of gaze and another gaze point And an importance degree determining means for determining.
JP22011492A 1992-08-19 1992-08-19 Autonomously running vehicle Pending JPH0667725A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP22011492A JPH0667725A (en) 1992-08-19 1992-08-19 Autonomously running vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP22011492A JPH0667725A (en) 1992-08-19 1992-08-19 Autonomously running vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0667725A true JPH0667725A (en) 1994-03-11

Family

ID=16746136

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP22011492A Pending JPH0667725A (en) 1992-08-19 1992-08-19 Autonomously running vehicle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0667725A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005170327A (en) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-30 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Automatic steering control device for vehicle
WO2007055319A1 (en) 2005-11-11 2007-05-18 Nabtesco Corporation Clearance adjustment device for brake cylinder, and brake cylinder with the same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005170327A (en) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-30 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Automatic steering control device for vehicle
JP4599835B2 (en) * 2003-12-15 2010-12-15 日産自動車株式会社 Automatic steering control device for vehicle
WO2007055319A1 (en) 2005-11-11 2007-05-18 Nabtesco Corporation Clearance adjustment device for brake cylinder, and brake cylinder with the same

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