JPH0646627A - Rootcrop harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a harvester simplified in its structure as a whole by manually sorting rootcrops on the traveling machine on the side of a conveying device for conveying backward rootcrops pulled from the ground with the leaves cut. CONSTITUTION:Rootcrops in the ground are pulled by a relevant device 1 and conveyed onto the traveling machine body B through a conveying device 2, and their leaves are cut off by a relevant device 3, and the resultant rootcrops are then conveyed backward by a conveying device 4. At the area 28 on the side of the conveying device 4, the rootcrops to be harvested are manually sorted from those not to be harvested.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、人参や大根といった根
菜類の収穫作業を機械化させる技術に関するものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for mechanizing the work of harvesting root vegetables such as carrots and radish.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】圃場に埋まっている人参や大根といった
根菜を１本ずつ手で引き抜き、それから包丁で葉を切り
落とす人為収穫作業を連続して行うことは相当な労力を
要するため、先に本出願人が出願した実願平３−１０６
４２２号において、これら一連の収穫作業を機械化させ
た根菜収穫機が提案されている。2. Description of the Related Art It takes considerable labor to continuously pull out root vegetables such as carrots and radishes buried in a field one by one, and then use a kitchen knife to cut off leaves continuously. Japanese Patent Application No. 3-106 filed by a person
No. 422 proposes a root vegetable harvester that mechanizes these series of harvesting operations.

【０００３】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記提案技術により、
根菜の堀取りから葉切りまでの一連の収穫作業工程が機
械化できるようになり、大幅に人為労力の削減を図るこ
とができた。しかしながら、収穫された根菜中には、未
成熟のものや二股形状のものといった具合に市場に送る
には相応しくない、換言すれば収穫しなくてよいものま
で収穫されてしまうものであるため、改善の余地があ
る。本発明は、収穫すべき正規の根菜とそうでない根菜
との選別工程も採り入れた根菜収穫機を提供することを
目的とする。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
It became possible to mechanize a series of harvesting processes from root vegetable extraction to leaf cutting, and it was possible to significantly reduce human labor. However, some of the harvested root vegetables are not suitable for being sent to the market, such as immature ones or bifurcated ones. In other words, even those that do not need to be harvested are improved. There is room for It is an object of the present invention to provide a root vegetable harvesting machine that also incorporates a selection process of regular root vegetables to be harvested and root vegetables that are not.

【０００４】[0004]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的の達成のために
本発明は、地中にある根菜を地上に取出す取出し装置
と、この取出し装置で取出された根菜を走行機体上に搬
送する後方搬送装置と、この後方搬送装置で搬送されて
くる根菜の葉部を切落とす葉切り装置とを備えるととも
に、葉切り装置で葉部が切断された根菜本体を載置して
後方に移送するコンベヤ装置を走行機体に備え、コンベ
ヤ装置の横側方位置における走行機体に、このコンベヤ
装置上で移送される根菜本体を人為操作によって選別す
るための作業場を設けてあることを特徴とする。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a take-out device for taking out root vegetables in the ground to the ground, and a rearward conveying device for carrying the root vegetables taken out by the take-out device on a traveling machine body. And a leaf cutting device for cutting off the leaves of the root vegetables conveyed by the rear transportation device, and a conveyor device for mounting the root vegetable main body whose leaf parts have been cut by the leaf cutting device and transferring it to the rear. Is provided in the traveling machine body, and a working space for manually selecting the root vegetable bodies transferred on the conveyor machine is provided in the traveling machine body at the lateral side position of the conveyor device.

【０００５】[0005]

【作用】つまり、葉切り後の根菜を移送させるコンベヤ
装置を走行機体に設置し、このコンベヤ装置の横側方に
設けられた作業場に居る作業者がコンベヤ装置上で搬送
される根菜を人為操作で選別するのである。これによ
り、形や大きさが整っている市場に出すに適した良根菜
と、未成熟であるとか傷んでいるといった市場に出すべ
きでない不良根菜との選別作業が収穫機体上で行え、根
菜の地中からの取出しから選別までを収穫機で実行でき
るようになる。これにより、収穫箱に収穫した後に選別
を行う場合に比べて根菜の出し入れや選別場所を別に設
けることがなく、時間や労力、さらには設備スペースの
面で有利である。In other words, a conveyor device for transferring the root vegetables after the leaf cutting is installed on the traveling machine body, and an operator at a work site provided laterally of the conveyor device manually operates the root vegetables conveyed on the conveyor device. To select. This makes it possible to perform on the harvesting machine the sorting work of good root vegetables that are suitable for being put on the market with a well-defined shape and size, and bad root vegetables that should not be put on the market because they are immature or damaged, and the The harvester will be able to perform everything from the underground extraction to sorting. This is advantageous in terms of time, labor, and equipment space as compared with the case where sorting is performed after harvesting in a harvest box, because root vegetables are not put in or taken out and a sorting place is not separately provided.

【０００６】[0006]

【発明の効果】その結果、地中からの取出しから葉切り
までの機械化と収穫された根菜の選別作用とにより、収
穫作業の労力の軽減と収穫能率向上が図れ、かつ、効率
的な選別も行える収穫機を提供することができた。尚、
例えば、選別工程も機械化させることが考えられるが、
その構造が相当複雑になることが予測され、かつ、選別
作用も一義的なものになり易いのに対し、本発明のよう
に人為作業を含めた半自動的なものでは、作業者が必要
ではあるが選別も含めた全体としての構造が簡単にまと
められるとともに、完全な自動化では困難な高いレベル
での繊細な精選別が可能な点で有利である。As a result, the mechanization from extraction from the ground to leaf cutting and the action of selecting the harvested root vegetables can reduce the labor of harvesting work and improve the harvesting efficiency, and also enable efficient sorting. We were able to provide a harvester that could do it. still,
For example, it is possible to mechanize the sorting process,
It is expected that the structure will be considerably complicated, and the sorting action tends to be unambiguous. On the other hand, in the semi-automatic operation including the artificial work as in the present invention, an operator is required. However, it is advantageous in that the structure as a whole including the sorting can be easily summarized, and the delicate and precise sorting can be performed at a high level, which is difficult with complete automation.

【０００７】[0007]

【実施例】以下に、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説
明する。図１に本発明による２条用の人参収穫機の平面
図が、図２に側面図が夫々示され、Ａは根菜処理部、Ｂ
は走行機体、Ｃは操縦部、Ｄは回収部である。根菜処理
部Ａは、人参の葉部を上方に引上げる引上げ装置０、地
中にある人参を地上に取出す引抜き装置（取出し装置に
相当）１、引抜き装置１から送られてくる人参を走行機
体Ｂ上に持ち上げながら後方に搬送する後方搬送装置
２、人参の葉部を切落とす葉切り装置３、葉切りされた
根菜を機体後部の回収部Ｄに向けて搬送するコンベヤ装
置４から構成されている。操縦部Ｃは操縦パネル５や運
転席６で成り、７はクローラ走行装置、Ｅは原動部であ
る。回収部Ｄは、コンベヤ装置４から落ちてくる根菜を
貯留する回収コンテナ８で構成されている。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a two-row carrot harvester according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view thereof.
Is a traveling body, C is a control unit, and D is a recovery unit. The root vegetable processing unit A is a pulling device 0 for pulling up the leaf part of the carrot, a pulling device (corresponding to a pulling device) 1 for pulling the carrot in the ground to the ground, and a carrot sent from the pulling device 1 for the traveling machine body. It is composed of a rear transport device 2 for transporting backward while lifting it on B, a leaf cutting device 3 for cutting off the leaves of carrots, and a conveyor device 4 for transporting the leaf-cut root vegetables toward the collecting part D at the rear of the machine body. There is. The control part C is composed of a control panel 5 and a driver's seat 6, 7 is a crawler traveling device, and E is a driving part. The collection unit D is composed of a collection container 8 that stores root vegetables falling from the conveyor device 4.

【０００８】次に、各部の構造を詳しく説明する。引上
げ装置０は、上下の輪体に突起付きベルト９を巻回して
構成されるとともに、この引上げ装置０の前側には、根
菜の埋まっている所の両サイドに切り目を入れる回転カ
ッター１０が装備されている。引抜き装置１は、分草具
１１の直後部位と葉切り装置３部位との前後間に亘る挟
持ベルト装置１２の前部によって構成されており、その
挟持ベルト装置１２は、後上り傾斜姿勢で対向配置して
駆動される左右一対の搬送ベルト１２ｖ，１２ｖで構成
されている。つまり、挟持ベルト装置１２の前半部分１
２Ａにおいて葉部を挟持して人参を引抜く引き抜き装置
１が構成されている。搬送装置２は、前述した挟持ベル
ト装置の後半部分１２Ｂによって構成され、掘出された
人参を吊下げ姿勢で後上方に搬送するとともに、下方に
位置する案内機構１４との協働による整列搬送部１３を
構成している。すなわち、葉部の下部を案内機構１４で
挟持ガイドしながら葉部の上部を一対の搬送ベルト１２
ｖ，１２ｖの駆動によって挟持移送することにより、前
半部分１２Ａから送られてくる人参を後方に搬送する機
能を持っている。Next, the structure of each part will be described in detail. The pulling device 0 is constructed by winding a belt 9 with protrusions around the upper and lower wheels, and a rotary cutter 10 for making cuts on both sides of a place where root vegetables are buried is equipped on the front side of the pulling device 0. Has been done. The pulling-out device 1 is composed of a front part of a sandwiching belt device 12 which extends in front of and behind a part immediately after the weeding tool 11 and a part of the leaf-slicing device 3, and the sandwiching belt device 12 faces each other in a rearwardly inclined posture. It is composed of a pair of left and right conveyor belts 12v, 12v which are arranged and driven. That is, the first half portion 1 of the holding belt device 12
In FIG. 2A, a pulling-out device 1 that holds the leaf portion and pulls out the carrot is configured. The transport device 2 is composed of the latter half portion 12B of the above-mentioned sandwiching belt device, transports the excavated carrot rearward and upward in a hanging posture, and also cooperates with the guide mechanism 14 located below to align the transport portion. 13 is composed. That is, the lower portion of the leaf portion is sandwiched and guided by the guide mechanism 14, and the upper portion of the leaf portion is paired with the pair of conveyor belts 12.
It has a function of transporting the carrots sent from the front half 12A rearward by sandwiching and transporting by driving v, 12v.

【０００９】案内機構１４は、図３、図４に示すよう
に、アウタ側のチェンリンク１５毎にブラケット１６を
設け、それに対して横軸心Ｙ周りに回動自在な３個のロ
ーラ１７が装備された構造のチェン１８を左右一対設け
て対向配置させることで構成されている。ローラ１７
は、バネ１９によって外方に向けての付勢力が発生可能
な状態でチェンリンク１５に取付けられ、従って、人参
の葉部は対向する左右のローラ１７，１７で挟持されて
の後方移送力を受けるのである。そして、挟持ベルト装
置１２と案内機構１４との上下間隔を、搬送方向下手側
に行くほど広くなるように、案内機構１４の後上がり傾
斜角度を極緩いものに設定してある。図５に示すよう
に、左右の搬送ベルト１２ｖ，１２ｖには、これらを互
いの存在方向に押圧して葉部の挟持力を発生させるため
の多数の転輪２０が設けられ、前端部から案内機構１４
の前端に相当する部位までのベルト前半部分１２Ａにお
いては、地中の人参を確実に引き抜けるべく強い挟持力
が作用するように転輪２０を対向方向に付勢する強スプ
リング２１の強さを設定し、かつ、それから後側の後半
部分１２Ｂにおいては葉部の挟持力を、ベルト前半部分
１２Ａにおける強スプリング２１よりも付勢力の弱い弱
スプリング２２を用いてある。図１、図２に示すよう
に、案内機構１４の後方位置には、単一の回転刃２３で
刃部を切断する形式の葉切り装置３が配置されていると
ともに、整列搬送部１３で搬送されきた人参の葉部を持
直して葉切り装置３の葉切り作動に適した切断姿勢に揃
える持直し搬送装置２４が装備されている。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the guide mechanism 14 is provided with a bracket 16 for each chain link 15 on the outer side, and is provided with three rollers 17 which are rotatable about the horizontal axis Y. It is configured by providing a pair of right and left chains 18 having a structure equipped with the chains 18 and facing each other. Laura 17
Is attached to the chain link 15 in a state in which an outward biasing force can be generated by the spring 19, so that the leaf portion of the carrot is pinched by the left and right rollers 17 and 17 that face each other, and the rearward transfer force is exerted. To receive. The rearward tilt angle of the guide mechanism 14 is set to be extremely gentle so that the vertical distance between the holding belt device 12 and the guide mechanism 14 becomes wider toward the lower side in the transport direction. As shown in FIG. 5, the left and right conveyor belts 12v, 12v are provided with a large number of rolling wheels 20 for pressing the conveyor belts 12v, 12v in the direction in which they are present to each other to generate a nipping force for the leaves. Mechanism 14
In the belt front half portion 12A up to the portion corresponding to the front end of the belt, the strength of the strong spring 21 that urges the wheel 20 in the opposite direction is set so that a strong clamping force acts so as to reliably pull out the carrot in the ground. In addition, a weak spring 22 having a weaker urging force than the strong spring 21 in the front half 12A of the belt is used in the rear half 12B on the rear side. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a leaf cutting device 3 that cuts the blade portion with a single rotary blade 23 is arranged at the rear position of the guide mechanism 14, and the leaf feeding device 3 conveys it with the aligning and conveying portion 13. A re-carrying / conveying device 24 is provided for re-carrying the leaves of the carrot thus obtained and aligning them in a cutting posture suitable for the leaf-cutting operation of the leaf-cutting device 3.

【００１０】コンベヤ装置４は、縦回し駆動されるチェ
ン２６によって公転駆動される自転自在な多数のローラ
２５で成り、葉切り装置３部位に設けられたシュート２
７によって移送されてくる葉切り後の根菜を後方移送さ
せる。そして、このコンベヤ装置４の両サイドには、こ
のコンベヤ装置４上で移送される根菜本体を人為操作に
よって選別するための作業場２８，２８を設けてある。The conveyor device 4 is composed of a large number of freely rotatable rollers 25 revolvingly driven by a chain 26 that is vertically driven, and a chute 2 provided at a portion of the leaf cutting device 3.
The leaf-cut root vegetables transferred by 7 are transferred backward. Further, on both sides of the conveyor device 4, there are provided work sites 28, 28 for manually selecting the root vegetable bodies transferred on the conveyor device 4.

【００１１】収穫作業の主要作用を述べると、ベルト前
半部分１２Ａによる強い挟持力でもって葉部を挟持して
後方上方に持ち上げることにより、地中にある人参を引
抜き、次いで、ベルト後半部分１２Ｂと案内機構１４と
による整列搬送部１３の搬送力とで人参を後方上方に移
送するのであるが、案内機構１４の傾斜が緩いので、次
第に人参本体の上面がローラ１７に接近し、案内機構１
４後部ではローラ１７に人参本体上面が接当した接触搬
送状態になる。それ以後では、ベルト後半部分１２Ｂの
弱い挟持力により、後方への搬送力は人参に伝達しつつ
葉部の下方へのすり抜け移動が許容されることにより、
挟持ベルト１３の終端では、人参は必ず接触搬送状態に
なる。そして、持直し搬送装置２４によって葉部の付け
根の少し上側を挟持することにより、葉切り装置３での
葉切り箇所を付け根の位置に揃えて設定できるのであ
る。切断された葉部はシュート２７によってコンベヤ装
置４の始端部に滑落移送されて、作業場２８の作業者に
よる人為選別作用を受け、良好な人参はそのまま後方移
送されて回収コンテナ８に回収されるとともに、未成熟
とか傷んだ人参はコンベヤ装置４外に排出されるのであ
る。The main operation of the harvesting work will be described. By grasping the leaves with a strong clamping force by the front half 12A of the belt and lifting them upward and rearward, the carrot in the ground is pulled out, and then the latter half 12B of the belt is removed. The ginseng is transported rearward and upward by the conveying force of the aligning and conveying unit 13 by the guide mechanism 14, but since the inclination of the guide mechanism 14 is gentle, the upper surface of the carrot body gradually approaches the roller 17 and the guide mechanism 1
4 In the rear portion, the roller 17 is brought into contact and conveyed with the upper surface of the carrot body in contact. After that, due to the weak clamping force of the belt rear half portion 12B, the backward conveying force is transmitted to the carrots and the slip-through movement of the leaves downward is allowed.
At the end of the sandwiching belt 13, carrots are always in the contact and transport state. Then, by slightly holding the upper part of the root of the leaf portion by the lifting and carrying device 24, it is possible to set the leaf cutting position of the leaf cutting device 3 in alignment with the position of the root. The cut leaves are slid down and transferred to the start end of the conveyor device 4 by the chute 27, and are subjected to the artificial sorting effect by the worker in the work place 28, and good carrots are transferred rearward as they are and collected in the collection container 8. The carrot that is immature or damaged is discharged to the outside of the conveyor device 4.

【００１２】尚、特許請求の範囲の項に図面との対照を
便利にする為に符号を記すが、該記入により本発明は添
付図面の構成に限定されるものではない。It should be noted that although reference numerals are given in the claims for convenience of comparison with the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the structures of the accompanying drawings by the entry.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】根菜収穫機の側面図[Figure 1] Side view of the root vegetable harvester

【図２】根菜収穫機の平面図[Figure 2] Top view of root vegetable harvester

【図３】案内機構部位における人参搬送状態を示す背面
図FIG. 3 is a rear view showing a state where carrots are transported in the guide mechanism part.

【図４】ローラ付チェンの構造を示す部分側面図FIG. 4 is a partial side view showing the structure of a chain with rollers.

【図５】挟持ベルト装置の構造を示す平面図FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the structure of a holding belt device.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 取出し装置 ２ 搬送装置 ３ 葉切り装置 ４ コンベヤ装置 ２８ 作業台 1 take-out device 2 conveying device 3 leaf cutting device 4 conveyor device 28 workbench

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 地中にある根菜を地上に取出す取出し装
置（１）と、この取出し装置（１）で取出された根菜を
走行機体上に搬送する後方搬送装置（２）と、この後方
搬送装置（２）で搬送されてくる根菜の葉部を切落とす
葉切り装置（３）とを備えるとともに、該葉切り装置
（３）で葉部が切断された根菜本体を載置して後方に移
送するコンベヤ装置（４）を走行機体に備え、前記コン
ベヤ装置（４）の横側方位置における走行機体に、この
コンベヤ装置（４）上で移送される根菜本体を人為操作
によって選別するための作業場（２８）を設けてある根
菜収穫機。1. A take-out device (1) for taking root vegetables in the ground to the ground, a rear carrying device (2) for carrying the root vegetables taken out by the taking-out device (1) onto a traveling machine body, and a backward carrying device. A leaf cutting device (3) for cutting off the leaf portion of the root vegetables conveyed by the device (2) is provided, and the root vegetable main body whose leaf portion is cut by the leaf cutting device (3) is placed on the rear side. A traveling machine body is provided with a conveyor device (4) for transferring, and a root vegetable body transferred on the conveyor device (4) is manually selected by the traveling machine body at a lateral side position of the conveyor device (4). A root vegetable harvester with a work area (28).