JP3636543B2 - Root crop harvesting machine - Google Patents

Root crop harvesting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3636543B2
JP3636543B2 JP12529196A JP12529196A JP3636543B2 JP 3636543 B2 JP3636543 B2 JP 3636543B2 JP 12529196 A JP12529196 A JP 12529196A JP 12529196 A JP12529196 A JP 12529196A JP 3636543 B2 JP3636543 B2 JP 3636543B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
cutting
foliage
root
leaves
harvesting machine
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JP12529196A
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JPH09308345A (en
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春男 佐々木
実 三戸
博之 千葉
宏信 東
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Kubota Corp
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Kubota Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、大根や人参といった根菜の収穫機に係り、詳しくは、より良好に茎葉の切断が行えるようにする技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
上記技術としては、特開平7‐87819号公報で示されたものが知られており、後方搬送装置(符号1)と位置揃え搬送機構(符号8a)との上下間隔が末拡がりとなるように、かつ、後方搬送装置の茎葉挟持力を比較的弱い目に設定することにより、位置揃え搬送機構の終端部分では所定位置に引き上げられた根菜の茎葉を、その根元部分に揃えた状態で切断できる利点がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記従来技術による切断装置では、前記公報に示されるように、上側の搬送機構(符号8b)と下側の搬送機構(符号8a)とによる上下両持ち状態で茎葉を安定して切断できるものであるが、その切断面が斜めになることがしばしばあり、回収後に茎葉先端の仕上げ切りを行わねばならないことがあった。
その原因を追求すると、後方搬送装置から上側の搬送機構へ受渡しする部分、において茎葉が搬送方向に広がる傾向にあり、その広がった状態で切断装置に移行されるために切断面が斜めになることが知見された。
【0004】
すなわち、上記受渡しする部分では、一旦茎葉の挟持が解除されることで、前側の茎葉から順に垂れ下がり移動しながら切断用搬送機構で再挟持される状態となり、その結果、切断用搬送機構では後方搬送機構で挟持状態よりも茎葉が搬送方向に広がる傾向となるのである。
本発明の目的は、後方搬送装置から上側の搬送機構(切断用搬送機構)への受渡し部分での茎葉の前後広がりを抑制し、良好な茎葉の切断面が得られるようにする点にある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
〔構成〕
上記目的達成のために本発明は、圃場に植えられた根菜をその茎葉を挟持して引き抜く引抜装置と、引き抜かれた根菜をその茎葉を左右一対の無端回動帯で挟持しての吊下げ姿勢で後方上方に搬送する後方搬送装置と、この後方搬送装置からの根菜の茎葉を切除する切断装置とを備えた根菜収穫機において、
前記切断装置を、前記後方搬送装置から送られてくる根菜の茎葉を挟持し直して吊下げ搬送する切断用搬送機構と、この切断用搬送機構で搬送されている根菜の茎葉を切断する切断機構とで構成するとともに、
前記切断用搬送機構の始端に、茎葉の搬送方向への広がりを規制して茎葉の搬送方向幅を狭める絞り込み機構を設けてあることを特徴とする。
【0006】
絞り込み機構を、上下方向の支点回りに所定範囲で揺動可能な抵抗部材と、この抵抗部材を前記切断用搬送機構の始端における茎葉の搬送経路に張出した作用位置に付勢するバネとを備えるとともに、その付勢力に抗して前記抵抗部材が搬送方向下手側へ後退変位可能に設定することで構成してあると好都合である。
【0007】
〔作用〕
請求項1の構成では、絞り込み機構の作用によって茎葉の搬送方向への広がりが規制されて狭められた状態で切断用搬送機構に渡されるから、切断装置での茎葉の搬送方向への広がりが従来に比べて少なくなり、水平な切断面となる等、斜め切り状態とならないように切断面を揃えることができる。
【0008】
請求項2の構成では、茎葉の搬送経路に張出た位置にバネ復帰付勢される抵抗部材を設けるという、比較的簡単な構造によって絞り込み機構を構成することができるようになる。
【0009】
〔効果〕
請求項1に記載の根菜収穫機では、茎葉の切断面を真っ直ぐに整った状態に揃えることができ、かつ、仕上げ切り工程が省略できるので、より効率良く根菜の回収作業が行えるようになった。
【0010】
請求項2に記載の根菜収穫機では、上記効果を奏する絞り込み機構を廉価に構成できる利点がある。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1、図3に根菜の一例である大根の収穫機が示され、Aは引抜収穫部、Bは回収部、Cは走行部である。走行部Cは、左右一対のクローラ走行装置8を備えた機体9に、操縦塔10、運転座席11、エンジン等の原動部12、ミッション13、作業台14等を備えて構成されている。
【0012】
引抜収穫部Aは、地中にある大根の茎葉を引起す引起し装置1、根菜側方の地面に切り目を作る土切り刃2、茎葉を掴んで根菜を地中から引抜く引抜装置3、引抜かれた根菜を後方上方に送る後方搬送装置4、茎葉を持ち直して後方搬送する位置揃え搬送装置5と茎葉を切除する切断機構6とから成る切断装置s、切除された茎葉を機外に運ぶ茎葉搬送装置h等を引抜きフレームFに搭載して構成されている。
回収部Bは、茎葉が切除された根菜を受止めて横送りする横搬送装置7、作業台14に置かれた複数の大根回収用コンテナ15等から構成されている。
【0013】
この大根収穫機における概略の収穫作用を述べると、機体9の進行に伴って引起し装置1が茎葉を引起して起立状態にするとともに、土切り刃2で大根側方の地面に切り目を形成して引抜き易くする。その状態で引抜装置3が茎葉を挟持して斜め上方に引抜くとともに、後方搬送装置4が茎葉を挟持しての吊下げ姿勢で大根を後方上方に搬送し、途中から位置揃え搬送機構5で茎葉を持ち直して根菜の付け根(上面)が引き上げられて搬送機構5に接触する状態に揃えられる。その揃えられた状態で切断機構6が茎葉を切除し、尚も後方搬送させて根菜下部が回転ローラ57に接当して横臥姿勢にしてから横搬送装置7に受渡し、その横搬送装置7で運ばれてくる根菜を、作業台14に居る作業者が次々にコンテナ15に回収していくのである。次に、各部の構造を詳しく説明する。
【0014】
▲1▼ 引抜収穫部Aについて。
図1〜図5に示すように、引起し装置1は、複数の起伏自在な係止爪(突起)16付のチェーン17を左右方向の軸心Pを備えた上下のスプロケット18,19に巻回させて成る左右一対の縦回し式引起し機構1A,1Aと、複数の突起20が一体形成されたゴムベルト21を前後方向の軸心Qを備えた上下の輪体22,23に巻回させて成る左右一対の横回し式引起し機構1B,1Bとで構成されている。尚、各引起し機構1A,1Bは、共に上側のスプロケット18及びプーリ22が駆動側に構成されている。
【0015】
縦回し式引起し機構1Aでは、プラスチック製の係止爪16が前側に位置するときにのみ突出し、それ以外の位置ではチェーン17に沿った姿勢に収納されて縦ケーシング1a内に収まるものであり、構造的にはコンバイン等において周知技術である。又、縦ケーシング1a下部には前方突出する分草具24が装備されている。横回し式引起し機構1Bを支持する横ケーシング1bは引起しフレーム1fに一体化されるとともに、その引起しフレーム1fに対して縦回し式引起し機構1Aが所定範囲内で上下調節可能に取付けられている。
【0016】
すなわち、縦ケーシング1a上部から立設した断面コ字状のステー25の頂部に、底面が引起しフレーム1fに接当する高さ調節ボルト26を、かつ、ステー側方にロックボルト27を備えるとともに、縦ケーシング1a下部にも上下スライド可能なロックボルト28を設けてある。つまり、高さ調節ボルト26を操作して縦回し式引起し機構1Aと横回し式引起し機構1Bとの相対高さ位置を決めてから、上下のロックボルト27,28を締め上げて相対固定するのである。
【0017】
又、引起し装置1全体を引抜きフレームFに対して所定範囲で上下調節可能にも構成されている。図4に示すように、引起しフレーム1fと引抜きフレームFとを上下一対のリンク29,30で連結して構成される平行リンク機構と、クランクハンドル31を備えた上下調節機構32とを設けてある。引抜きフレームF側に上下揺動自在に枢支された回動杆33と、引起しフレーム1f側に上下揺動自在に枢支された固定筒34とを螺合してあり、クランクハンドル31の人力回動操作によって引起し装置1の相対高さが調節できるようになっている。
【0018】
横回し式引起し機構1Bは、図14に示すように、左右の突起20,20(左右のゴムベルト21,21)どうしの左右間隔が、上方ほど広くなるように相対配置されている。つまり、下端部では左右の突起20,20が若干重複し、上端部では左右の突起20,20が左右に離れる程度に傾けてあり、引起こされた茎葉が機構上部における広がった左右の突起20,20の間から容易に抜け出るようにしてある。
【0019】
土切り刃2は、図7、図8に示すように、機体9前部の第2支点Yで上下揺動可能な切刃フレーム38の先端に、前後方向に振動可能な状態で装備されている。つまり、土切り刃2を支持する支持部材2aを第3支点Zで切刃フレーム38先端に枢支するとともに、切刃フレーム38に取付けられた油圧モータ39と支持部材2a後端部とをリンク40で連動連結してある。リンク40は偏心カム41を有したエキセントリックカム構造によってモータ軸に嵌合されており、油圧モータ39の回転に伴って土切り刃2が小刻みに振動し、地中での切り目形成作用を促進するのである。
【0020】
引抜き装置3は、図9に示すように、左右一対の弾性ベルト42,42を後倒れ姿勢で対向配置して構成されており、茎葉を挟持して斜め上方に搬送することによって根菜を地中から引抜くとともに、その茎葉を挟持しての吊下げ姿勢でもって後方上方に搬送する。つまり、一対の弾性ベルト42,42の前部が引抜き装置3を構成し、後部が後方搬送装置4を構成しているのである。弾性ベルト42の材料としては、ゴムやスポンジ等が考えられる。
【0021】
弾性ベルト42は、前後の輪体43,44の他に、多数の中間輪体45を備えてあり、巻きバネと揺動アームとで成る夫々の付勢機構46で左右の中間輪体45どうしを押付け合うようにしてあり、弾性ベルト42,42による挟持力がベルト42の長手方向における部分的箇所でも作用できるようにしてある。従って、茎葉のボリューム変化があっても確実な引抜き作用、及び後方搬送機能が得られるものでもある。又、各前輪体43の軸には茎葉の掻込み回転体47が装着されている。
【0022】
又、図12に示すように、前輪体43もL字リンクとバネとで成る付勢機構46で左右のものが互いに押し付け付勢されるように構成されており、根菜のボリューム変化に対応して確実な挟持力が搬送開始地点から発揮できるようにしてある。尚、付勢機構46の付勢力は、弾性ベルト42の前部では大根を地中から引抜くべく強いものに設定されるが、後部は吊下げ搬送を行うに耐えるだけの比較的弱いものに設定されている。
【0023】
位置揃え搬送機構5は、図10に示すように、下搬送機構5Aと上搬送機構5Bとから成り、後方搬送装置4から送られてくる大根を切断機構6に適した状態に持ち直して搬送するものである。下搬送機構5Aは、前後の転輪48,49、及び複数の中間輪体50に弾性ベルト51を巻回して成るものであって、左右一対を対向配備して構成されている。前転輪48及び中間輪体50は、巻きバネと揺動アームとで成る付勢機構52A,52Bによって、左右のものどうしが互いに接近する方向に押付け付勢されている。この付勢力は、位置揃え搬送機構5前部では弱い目にしてあり、後方搬送装置4による上方への搬送方向成分による茎葉のすり抜けを可能としてある。
【0024】
つまり、下搬送機構5Aの挟持力を後方搬送装置4の挟持力をよりも弱くし、かつ、下搬送機構5Aと後方搬送装置4との角度差θを設けること(図1参照)により、位置揃え搬送機構5で移送される大根は、その本体が下搬送機構5Aの弾性ベルト(無端回動帯に相当)無端回動帯を51の下面に接当した姿勢に揃えられるのである。そして、位置揃えされた後は、今度は後方搬送装置4である弾性ベルト42,42と茎葉が滑り移動することにより、切断に適した大根の姿勢が維持されるのである。
尚、大根を吊下げ姿勢から横臥姿勢にするために、下搬送機構5Aは横搬送装置7の上方に位置する所まで後方延長されている。
【0025】
下搬送機構5Aの構造を詳述すると、図10、図12に示すように、前側転輪48は、中間部に設けた支点V1 回りで揺動自在な略「L」字型の揺動リンク66の先端に支承されており、揺動リンク66をその根元側に配置のバネ67で引張り付勢することで、相手側の前側転輪48に接近する方向に押圧付勢、及びその付勢力に抗して後退変位可能な付勢機構52Aが構成されている。
中間輪体50は、中間部に設けた支点V2 回りで揺動自在な略「く」字型等の揺動リンク68の先端に支承されており、その揺動リンク68を根元側に配置のバネ69で引張り付勢することで、相手側の中間転輪50に接近する方向に押圧付勢、及びその付勢力に抗して後退変位可能な付勢機構52Bが構成されている。
【0026】
後方搬送装置4も、前述した付勢機構52Bと同様の構造で弾性ベルト42を付勢する中間転輪45を有している。後方搬送装置4も下搬送機構5Aも茎葉を切ることなくすり抜け移動が可能な挟持力であり、かつ、弾性ベルト42,42による挟持力が、弾性ベルト51,51による挟持力よりも強い目に設定してあり、茎葉に後方搬送装置4と下搬送機構5Aとの双方が作用するときには大根がズリ上がって下搬送機構5Aに近づき、大根本体が弾性ベルト51に接当した後は茎葉と弾性ベルト42とが滑り移動するのである。
【0027】
上搬送機構5Bは、これも前後の輪体53,54にベルト55を巻回して成るものを左右一対対向配備して構成されており、後方搬送装置4からの大根の茎葉の比較的上部を挟持して搬送するものである。切断機構6は、上下軸心Wで回転するカッター刃56で構成され、下搬送機構5Aと上搬送機構5Bとの上下間で、かつ、前後間に配置れている。従って、図15に示されるように、根菜本体が弾性ベルト52に接当した姿勢で、かつ、茎葉の上下がしっかりとホールドされた状態で茎葉が切断されるようになっている。
【0028】
図10、図11に示すように、切断用搬送機構に相当する上搬送機構5Bの始端には、茎葉の搬送方向への広がりを規制して絞る絞り込み機構Dが設けられている。すなわち、絞り込み機構Dは、上下方向の支点d回りに所定範囲で揺動可能な抵抗部材71と、この抵抗部材71を上搬送機構5Bの始端における茎葉の搬送経路に張出した作用位置に付勢するバネ72と、抵抗部材71を作用位置に維持するストッパー73とから構成されている。
【0029】
従来では、大根が後方搬送装置4から上搬送機構5Bに移行するときには、茎葉が搬送方向下手側(後方側)に広がり気味となってベルト55対に挟持され、茎葉の上部が先行した状態で切断機構6でカットされる状態となり、その結果、切り口が斜めになっていた。つまり、茎葉は図11(イ)に示される状態のままで切断されてしまうものであった。
【0030】
ところが本願のものでは、弾性ベルト42とベルト55との間における茎葉の先行広がりが抵抗部材71で規制されるとともに、その前方付勢力に抗して抵抗部材71を後退変位させて押し広げながら搬送されるので、後方搬送装置4での挟持状態〔図11(イ)参照〕よりも茎葉の前後幅が狭まった状態〔図11(ロ),(ハ)参照〕となって上搬送機構5Bで挟持される。従って、切断機構6では前後に纏まった状態で茎葉を切断できるので、切り口を水平の状態に揃えることができるのである。
【0031】
横搬送装置7は、図3、図16に示すように、外周にスポンジ等の弾性リングを装着した回転ローラ57と、ベルトや多数の駆動ローラ等で大根を左右送りするベルトコンベヤ58とで構成され、いずれも引抜きフレームFに支持されている。つまり、下搬送機構5Aで運ばれてくる大根は、その下部が回転ローラ57に当たることで、吊下げ姿勢から後方倒れ姿勢に変更され、それから下搬送機構5Aの挟持が無くなることにより、ベルトコンベヤ58始端では茎葉が後向きとなる横臥姿勢に変更されることになる。そして、ベルトコンベヤ58で横臥姿勢の大根を機体左側から右側に横送りする間に、補助作業者が作業台14上のコンテナ15に大根を順次回収するのである。
つまり、横送り機構であるベルトコンベヤ58が、茎葉が切除された大根を横臥姿勢に姿勢変更して受け止め載置する受け面Uに相当する。
【0032】
図1、図2に示すように、油圧式の昇降シリンダ61で駆動されるリフトアーム59と引抜きフレームFとを連結リンク60を介して連動連結するとともに、引抜きフレームFと切刃フレーム38とをターンバックル62を介して連動連結してある。ターンバックル62上部の引抜きフレームFとの連結点R1 と第1揺動支点Xとの距離よりも、ターンバックル62下部の切刃フレーム38との連結点R2 と第2揺動支点Yとの距離が十分に短いので、引抜きフレームFの昇降量に比べて切刃フレーム38の昇降量が著しく大きくなる不等辺リンク機構に構成されている。従って、土切り刃2が土中深くに位置する作業姿勢(図1参照)から、昇降シリンダ61を伸長駆動させて、引抜きフレームFを上昇させると切刃フレーム38はより大きく上昇されて、土切り刃2下端が十分に対地浮上した非作用姿勢(図2参照)となるように構成されている。
【0033】
伝動系を概略説明すると、エンジン動力はミッション13に入力されてクローラ走行装置8に伝わるとともに、入力軸13aから第1揺動支点Xのカウンタプーリ35、第1伝動軸36、第2伝動軸37を介して引抜収穫部Aに伝動される。第2伝動軸37からは、分配連動機構63を介して、縦回し式引起し機構1A用の駆動軸64、及び横回し式引起し機構1B用の駆動軸65,65に伝達されるとともに、連動チェーン80を介して引抜き装置3の後輪体44に伝達される。連動チェーン80で駆動される上下の中間軸81と下搬送機構5A後側の輪体49とが3箇所の第1,第2,第3の各チェーン82,83,84を介して連動されるとともに、第2,第3チェーン83,84の共有軸85で上搬送機構5Bと茎葉搬送装置hとを駆動し、左側の第1チェーン82で切断装置6のカッター軸56aを駆動する構造である。カッター刃56を右側に配置し、右側の第1チェーン82で駆動させる構造でも良い。
【0034】
〔別実施形態〕
中間転輪50や前側輪体48をスライド移動させて付勢及び後退変位可能に構成するものでも良い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】大根収穫機の側面図
【図2】引抜収穫部を対地浮上させた状態の大根収穫機の側面図
【図3】大根収穫機の平面図
【図4】引起し装置の構造を示す側面図
【図5】引起し装置の構造を示す平面図
【図6】縦回し式引起し機構の上下調節構造を示す斜視図
【図7】土切り刃の駆動構造を示す側面図
【図8】土切り刃を示す正面図
【図9】引抜装置及び後方搬送装置を示す平面図
【図10】位置揃え搬送装置の構造を示す平面図
【図11】絞り込み機構の作用を示す平面図
【図12】下搬送機構の挟持作用を示す図
【図13】引抜き装置の引抜き作用を示す図
【図14】横回し式引抜き機構の構造を示す正面図
【図15】茎葉の切断状態を示す正面図
【図16】大根の吊下げ姿勢から横臥姿勢への変換作用図
【符号の説明】
3 引抜装置
4 後方搬送装置
5B 切断用搬送機構
6 切断機構
42 無端回動帯
71 抵抗部材
72 バネ
s 切断装置
d 支点
D 絞り込み機構
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a harvester for root vegetables such as radishes and carrots, and more particularly, to a technique for enabling better cutting of foliage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As the above technique, one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-87819 is known, and the vertical distance between the rear conveying device (reference numeral 1) and the alignment conveying mechanism (reference numeral 8a) is widened. And by setting the foliage pinching force of the rear conveying device to a relatively weak eye, the stem and foliage of the root vegetable pulled up to a predetermined position can be cut in a state aligned with the root portion at the end portion of the alignment conveying mechanism There are advantages.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the cutting apparatus according to the prior art, as shown in the above-mentioned publication, the foliage can be stably cut in a state where the upper transport mechanism (reference numeral 8b) and the lower transport mechanism (reference numeral 8a) are both vertically supported. However, the cut surface is often slanted, and it is sometimes necessary to finish cutting the tip of the foliage after recovery.
In pursuit of the cause, the foliage tends to spread in the conveyance direction at the part that delivers from the rear conveyance device to the upper conveyance mechanism, and the cut surface becomes oblique because it is transferred to the cutting device in the spread state Was discovered.
[0004]
That is, at the delivery part, once the pinching of the foliage is released, it is in a state of being re-pinched by the cutting transport mechanism while moving downward from the front foliage in order, and as a result, the cutting transport mechanism is transported backward. This is because the foliage tends to spread more in the transport direction than the pinched state by the mechanism.
An object of the present invention is to suppress the spreading of the foliage at the delivery portion from the rear conveying device to the upper conveying mechanism (cutting conveying mechanism) so as to obtain a good foliage cut surface.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
〔Constitution〕
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pulling device for pulling out a root vegetable planted in a field by holding its stems and leaves, and suspending the extracted root vegetable by pinching its stems and leaves between a pair of left and right endless rotation bands. In a root vegetable harvesting machine equipped with a rear conveying device that conveys backward and upward in a posture and a cutting device that excises roots and leaves of the root vegetable from this rear conveying device,
A cutting transport mechanism that sandwiches and transports the root vegetable stems and leaves sent from the rear transport device by hanging the cutting device, and a cutting mechanism that cuts the root vegetable stems and leaves transported by the cutting transport mechanism And consisting of
A narrowing mechanism is provided at the starting end of the cutting transport mechanism to restrict the width of the foliage in the transport direction by restricting the spread of the foliage in the transport direction.
[0006]
A resistance member capable of swinging the narrowing mechanism around a fulcrum in the vertical direction within a predetermined range, and a spring for biasing the resistance member to an action position protruding on the foliage conveyance path at the starting end of the cutting conveyance mechanism At the same time, it is advantageous that the resistance member is configured so as to be able to move backward in the lower direction in the conveying direction against the biasing force.
[0007]
[Action]
In the configuration of claim 1, since the spread of the foliage in the conveyance direction is restricted and narrowed by the action of the narrowing mechanism, the narrowing mechanism is passed to the cutting conveyance mechanism. The cut surfaces can be aligned so as not to be in an oblique cut state such as a horizontal cut surface.
[0008]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the narrowing-down mechanism can be configured with a relatively simple structure in which a resistance member that is biased to return to the spring is provided at a position overhanging the foliage conveyance path.
[0009]
〔effect〕
In the root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1, the cut surfaces of the stems and leaves can be arranged in a straight line, and the finishing cutting process can be omitted, so that the root vegetables can be collected more efficiently. .
[0010]
In the root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 2, there is an advantage that the narrowing-down mechanism having the above effect can be configured at low cost.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 and 3 show a harvester of radish, which is an example of a root vegetable. A is a pulling and harvesting unit, B is a collecting unit, and C is a traveling unit. The traveling unit C includes a body 9 including a pair of left and right crawler traveling devices 8, a control tower 10, a driving seat 11, a driving unit 12 such as an engine, a mission 13, a work table 14, and the like.
[0012]
The drawing harvesting part A is a pulling device 1 for raising the radish stems and leaves in the ground, a soil cutting blade 2 for making a cut in the ground on the side of the root vegetables, a drawing device 3 for grasping the stems and leaves and pulling the root vegetables from the ground. A rear conveying device 4 for feeding the extracted root vegetables rearward and upward, a cutting device s consisting of a positioning conveying device 5 for re-feeding the stems and leaves and a cutting mechanism 6 for excising the foliage, and carrying the excised foliage out of the machine A foliage conveying device h or the like is mounted on the drawing frame F.
The collection unit B includes a horizontal conveying device 7 that receives and horizontally feeds the root vegetables from which the foliage has been cut, a plurality of radish collection containers 15 that are placed on the work table 14, and the like.
[0013]
The general harvesting action of this radish harvester is described. The device 1 is raised as the machine body 9 is moved up to bring up the foliage, and the earth cutting blade 2 forms a cut on the ground side of the radish. And make it easy to pull out. In this state, the pulling device 3 holds the foliage and pulls it obliquely upward, and the rear conveying device 4 conveys the radish rearward and upward in a hanging posture with the foliage pinched, and the alignment transfer mechanism 5 from the middle. The roots (upper surface) of the root vegetables are pulled up by picking up the foliage and are brought into contact with the transport mechanism 5. In the aligned state, the cutting mechanism 6 cuts off the foliage, and further conveys it backward, and the lower part of the root vegetables comes into contact with the rotating roller 57 so as to be in a lying posture, and is delivered to the horizontal conveying device 7. The root vegetables that are carried are collected in the container 15 one after another by workers on the work table 14. Next, the structure of each part will be described in detail.
[0014]
(1) About the drawing harvesting part A
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the pulling device 1 winds a chain 17 with a plurality of undulating locking claws (protrusions) 16 around upper and lower sprockets 18 and 19 each having an axis P in the left-right direction. A pair of left and right vertical pulling mechanisms 1A, 1A and a rubber belt 21 integrally formed with a plurality of protrusions 20 are wound around upper and lower ring bodies 22, 23 each having a longitudinal axis Q. And a pair of left and right lateral pulling mechanisms 1B and 1B. In each pulling mechanism 1A, 1B, the upper sprocket 18 and pulley 22 are both configured on the drive side.
[0015]
In the vertical rotation type pulling mechanism 1A, it protrudes only when the plastic locking claw 16 is positioned on the front side, and is stored in a posture along the chain 17 at other positions and fits in the vertical casing 1a. Structurally, it is a well-known technique in combine and the like. Moreover, the weeding tool 24 which protrudes ahead is equipped in the lower part of the vertical casing 1a. The lateral casing 1b that supports the lateral rotation type raising mechanism 1B is integrated with the raising frame 1f, and the vertical rotation type raising mechanism 1A is attached to the raising frame 1f so as to be vertically adjustable within a predetermined range. It has been.
[0016]
In other words, a height adjusting bolt 26 that is raised from the bottom and comes into contact with the frame 1f is provided on the top of a U-shaped stay 25 that is erected from the top of the vertical casing 1a, and a lock bolt 27 is provided on the side of the stay. A lock bolt 28 that can slide up and down is also provided at the bottom of the vertical casing 1a. In other words, the height adjustment bolt 26 is operated to determine the relative height position between the vertically rotating mechanism 1A and the horizontally rotating mechanism 1B, and then the upper and lower lock bolts 27 and 28 are tightened to be relatively fixed. To do.
[0017]
Further, the pulling device 1 as a whole can be vertically adjusted with respect to the pulling frame F within a predetermined range. As shown in FIG. 4, a parallel link mechanism configured by connecting the raising frame 1 f and the pulling frame F by a pair of upper and lower links 29 and 30 and a vertical adjustment mechanism 32 including a crank handle 31 are provided. is there. A pivot rod 33 pivotally supported on the pull-out frame F side and a fixed cylinder 34 pivotally supported on the pull-up frame 1 f side are screwed together. The relative height of the device 1 can be adjusted by a manual rotation operation.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 14, the horizontal rotation type raising mechanism 1 </ b> B is relatively arranged such that the left and right protrusions 20, 20 (left and right rubber belts 21, 21) have a wider left-right distance. That is, the left and right protrusions 20 and 20 are slightly overlapped at the lower end portion, and the left and right protrusions 20 and 20 are inclined to the left and right at the upper end portion. , 20 so that it can easily escape.
[0019]
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the earth cutting blade 2 is mounted at the tip of a cutting blade frame 38 that can swing up and down at the second fulcrum Y at the front of the machine body 9 so as to vibrate in the front-rear direction. Yes. That is, the support member 2a for supporting the earth cutting blade 2 is pivotally supported at the tip of the cutting blade frame 38 at the third fulcrum Z, and the hydraulic motor 39 attached to the cutting blade frame 38 and the rear end portion of the support member 2a are linked. 40 is interlockingly connected. The link 40 is fitted to the motor shaft by an eccentric cam structure having an eccentric cam 41, and the earth cutting blade 2 vibrates little by little with the rotation of the hydraulic motor 39, and promotes the formation of cuts in the ground. It is.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 9, the drawing device 3 is configured by arranging a pair of left and right elastic belts 42 and 42 so as to face each other in a backward-tilt posture, and sandwiching the foliage and transporting the root vegetables diagonally upward Then, it is transported rearward and upward in a hanging posture with its foliage pinched. That is, the front part of the pair of elastic belts 42, 42 constitutes the drawing device 3, and the rear part constitutes the rear conveying device 4. As the material of the elastic belt 42, rubber, sponge or the like can be considered.
[0021]
The elastic belt 42 includes a large number of intermediate ring bodies 45 in addition to the front and rear ring bodies 43, 44, and the right and left intermediate ring bodies 45 are separated by the respective urging mechanisms 46 formed by winding springs and swing arms. So that the clamping force by the elastic belts 42 and 42 can be applied to a part of the belt 42 in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, even if there is a change in the volume of the foliage, a reliable pulling-out action and a backward transfer function can be obtained. In addition, a stem and leaf scraping rotary body 47 is mounted on the shaft of each front wheel body 43.
[0022]
Also, as shown in FIG. 12, the front wheel body 43 is also configured so that the left and right ones are pressed against each other by an urging mechanism 46 composed of an L-shaped link and a spring, which responds to changes in the volume of root vegetables. A reliable clamping force can be exerted from the conveyance start point. The urging force of the urging mechanism 46 is set to be strong so that the radish is pulled out from the ground at the front part of the elastic belt 42, but the rear part is relatively weak enough to withstand hanging conveyance. Is set.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 10, the alignment transport mechanism 5 includes a lower transport mechanism 5 </ b> A and an upper transport mechanism 5 </ b> B, and transports the radish sent from the rear transport device 4 to a state suitable for the cutting mechanism 6. Is. The lower transport mechanism 5A is formed by winding an elastic belt 51 around the front and rear wheels 48 and 49 and a plurality of intermediate ring bodies 50, and is configured by arranging a pair of left and right sides facing each other. The front rolling wheel 48 and the intermediate wheel body 50 are pressed and urged in a direction in which the left and right ones approach each other by urging mechanisms 52A and 52B including a winding spring and a swing arm. This urging force is weak at the front part of the alignment transport mechanism 5, and allows the foliage to slip through the upward transport direction component by the rear transport device 4.
[0024]
In other words, the clamping force of the lower transport mechanism 5A is made weaker than the clamping force of the rear transport device 4, and the angle difference θ between the lower transport mechanism 5A and the rear transport device 4 is provided (see FIG. 1). The radish transferred by the aligning and transporting mechanism 5 is aligned in a posture in which the main body is in contact with the elastic belt (corresponding to the endless rotating band) and the endless rotating band of the lower conveying mechanism 5A. Then, after the alignment, the elastic belts 42 and 42 that are the rear conveying device 4 and the foliage slide and move, so that the posture of the radish suitable for cutting is maintained.
In order to change the radish from the suspended posture to the recumbent posture, the lower transport mechanism 5 </ b> A is extended backward to a position located above the lateral transport device 7.
[0025]
The structure of the lower transport mechanism 5A will be described in detail. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the front roller 48 is a substantially “L” -shaped swinging link that is swingable around a fulcrum V1 provided in the intermediate portion. 66, which is supported at the tip of the swinging link 66, and is biased by a spring 67 disposed on the base side of the swinging link 66 so as to approach the mating front wheel 48, and its biasing force. An urging mechanism 52A that can be displaced backward against the above is configured.
The intermediate ring body 50 is supported at the tip of a rocking link 68 such as a substantially "<" shape that can swing around a fulcrum V2 provided in the middle part, and the rocking link 68 is disposed on the base side. By urging and urging with the spring 69, the urging mechanism 52B is configured that is capable of pressing and urging in the direction of approaching the counterpart intermediate roller 50 and retreating against the urging force.
[0026]
The rear conveying device 4 also has an intermediate roller 45 that biases the elastic belt 42 with the same structure as the biasing mechanism 52B described above. Both the rear conveyance device 4 and the lower conveyance mechanism 5A have a clamping force that can be passed through without cutting the foliage, and the clamping force by the elastic belts 42 and 42 is stronger than the clamping force by the elastic belts 51 and 51. When both the rear conveying device 4 and the lower conveying mechanism 5A act on the foliage, the radish rises and approaches the lower conveying mechanism 5A. After the radish main body contacts the elastic belt 51, the foliage and the elastic The belt 42 slides and moves.
[0027]
The upper transport mechanism 5B is also configured by arranging a pair of left and right facings formed by winding a belt 55 around the front and rear ring bodies 53, 54, and relatively upper portions of the radish stems and leaves from the rear transport device 4 are arranged. It is sandwiched and transported. The cutting mechanism 6 includes a cutter blade 56 that rotates about a vertical axis W, and is disposed between the upper and lower sides of the lower conveyance mechanism 5A and the upper conveyance mechanism 5B and between the front and rear. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, the foliage is cut with the root vegetable body in contact with the elastic belt 52 and with the top and bottom of the foliage firmly held.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a narrowing mechanism D that restricts and narrows the spread of the foliage in the transport direction is provided at the start end of the upper transport mechanism 5B corresponding to the transport mechanism for cutting. That is, the narrowing-down mechanism D biases the resistance member 71 that can swing within a predetermined range around the fulcrum d in the vertical direction, and the resistance member 71 urged to the working position that protrudes to the foliage conveyance path at the start end of the upper conveyance mechanism 5B. And a stopper 73 that maintains the resistance member 71 in the operating position.
[0029]
Conventionally, when the radish moves from the rear conveying device 4 to the upper conveying mechanism 5B, the foliage spreads on the lower side (rear side) in the conveying direction and is sandwiched between the pair of belts 55, with the upper part of the foliage leading. The cutting mechanism 6 is in a state of being cut, and as a result, the cut end is oblique. That is, the foliage was cut in the state shown in FIG.
[0030]
However, in the present application, the advance spread of the foliage between the elastic belt 42 and the belt 55 is regulated by the resistance member 71, and the resistance member 71 is reversely displaced against the front urging force and conveyed while being expanded. Therefore, the front and rear width of the foliage is narrower than that of the sandwiched state in the rear transfer device 4 (see FIG. 11 (a)) (see FIGS. 11 (b) and 11 (c)). It is pinched. Therefore, since the cutting mechanism 6 can cut the foliage in a state of being gathered back and forth, the cut end can be aligned in a horizontal state.
[0031]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 16, the lateral conveying device 7 is composed of a rotating roller 57 having an elastic ring such as sponge on the outer periphery, and a belt conveyor 58 that feeds the radish left and right with a belt and a number of driving rollers. Both are supported by the extraction frame F. In other words, the lower part of the radish carried by the lower transport mechanism 5A is changed from the suspended posture to the rearward tilted posture when the lower portion hits the rotating roller 57, and then the nipping of the lower transport mechanism 5A is eliminated. At the beginning, the stem and leaves are changed to a recumbent posture facing backward. Then, the auxiliary worker sequentially collects the radishes in the container 15 on the work table 14 while the radish in the lying position is laterally fed from the left side of the machine body to the right side by the belt conveyor 58.
That is, the belt conveyor 58 which is a transverse feed mechanism corresponds to the receiving surface U on which the radish from which the foliage is cut is changed to the recumbent posture and is received and placed.
[0032]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lift arm 59 driven by a hydraulic lifting cylinder 61 and the extraction frame F are connected to each other via a connection link 60, and the extraction frame F and the cutting blade frame 38 are connected to each other. Interlocking connection is made via a turnbuckle 62. The distance between the connecting point R2 between the cutting blade frame 38 below the turnbuckle 62 and the second swinging fulcrum Y is larger than the distance between the connecting point R1 between the pulling frame F above the turnbuckle 62 and the first swinging fulcrum X. Is sufficiently short, the unequal side link mechanism is configured such that the amount of elevation of the cutting blade frame 38 is significantly greater than the amount of elevation of the extraction frame F. Accordingly, when the elevating cylinder 61 is driven to extend from the working posture in which the earth cutting blade 2 is located deep in the soil (see FIG. 1) and the extraction frame F is raised, the cutting edge frame 38 is further raised, The lower edge of the cutting blade 2 is configured to be in a non-acting posture (see FIG. 2) sufficiently floating on the ground.
[0033]
The transmission system is schematically described. Engine power is input to the transmission 13 and transmitted to the crawler travel device 8, and the counter pulley 35, the first transmission shaft 36, and the second transmission shaft 37 of the first swing fulcrum X are transmitted from the input shaft 13 a. Is transmitted to the drawing harvesting part A via From the second transmission shaft 37, it is transmitted to the drive shaft 64 for the vertical rotation type pulling mechanism 1A and the drive shafts 65, 65 for the horizontal rotation type pulling mechanism 1B via the distribution interlocking mechanism 63, and It is transmitted to the rear wheel body 44 of the drawing device 3 via the interlocking chain 80. The upper and lower intermediate shafts 81 driven by the interlocking chain 80 and the ring body 49 on the rear side of the lower transport mechanism 5A are interlocked via the first, second, and third chains 82, 83, and 84 at three locations. In addition, the upper transport mechanism 5B and the foliage transport device h are driven by the common shaft 85 of the second and third chains 83 and 84, and the cutter shaft 56a of the cutting device 6 is driven by the left first chain 82. . The cutter blade 56 may be arranged on the right side and driven by the first chain 82 on the right side.
[0034]
[Another embodiment]
The intermediate wheel 50 and the front wheel body 48 may be configured to be slidable so as to be biased and retracted.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Fig. 1] Side view of a radish harvester [Fig. 2] Side view of a radish harvester with the pulling harvesting part floating above the ground [Fig. 3] Plan view of the radish harvester [Fig. 4] The structure of the pulling device Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the structure of the pulling device. Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the vertical adjustment structure of the vertical pulling mechanism. Fig. 7 is a side view showing the driving structure of the earth cutting blade. 8] Front view showing the earth cutting blade [FIG. 9] Plan view showing the drawing device and the rear transport device [FIG. 10] Plan view showing the structure of the alignment transport device [FIG. 11] Plan view showing the action of the narrowing mechanism [ FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the clamping action of the lower conveying mechanism. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the drawing action of the drawing device. FIG. 14 is a front view showing the structure of the horizontal turning type drawing mechanism. [Fig. 16] Diagram of conversion from radish hanging posture to recumbent posture [Explanation of symbols]
3 Pulling device 4 Back conveying device 5B Cutting conveying mechanism 6 Cutting mechanism 42 Endless rotation band 71 Resistance member 72 Spring s Cutting device d Support point D Narrowing mechanism

Claims (2)

圃場に植えられた根菜をその茎葉を挟持して引き抜く引抜装置と、引き抜かれた根菜をその茎葉を左右一対の無端回動帯で挟持しての吊下げ姿勢で後方上方に搬送する後方搬送装置と、この後方搬送装置からの根菜の茎葉を切除する切断装置とを備えた根菜収穫機であって、
前記切断装置を、前記後方搬送装置から送られてくる根菜の茎葉を挟持し直して吊下げ搬送する切断用搬送機構と、この切断用搬送機構で搬送されている根菜の茎葉を切断する切断機構とで構成するとともに、
前記切断用搬送機構の始端に、茎葉の搬送方向への広がりを規制して該茎葉の搬送方向幅を狭める絞り込み機構を設けてある根菜収穫機。
A pulling device that pulls out the root vegetables planted in the field while holding their stems and leaves, and a rear transfer device that transfers the extracted root vegetables in the hanging posture with the stems and leaves sandwiched between a pair of left and right endless rotation bands And a root crop harvesting machine equipped with a cutting device for excising the roots and leaves of the root vegetable from the rear conveying device,
A cutting transport mechanism that sandwiches and transports the root vegetable stems and leaves sent from the rear transport device by hanging the cutting device, and a cutting mechanism that cuts the root vegetable stems and leaves transported by the cutting transport mechanism And consisting of
A root crop harvesting machine provided with a narrowing mechanism for narrowing the width of the foliage in the conveying direction by restricting the spread of the foliage in the conveying direction at the start end of the cutting conveying mechanism.
前記絞り込み機構を、上下方向の支点回りに所定範囲で揺動可能な抵抗部材と、この抵抗部材を前記切断用搬送機構の始端における茎葉の搬送経路に張出した作用位置に付勢するバネとを備えるとともに、その付勢力に抗して前記抵抗部材が搬送方向下手側へ後退変位可能に設定することで構成してある請求項1に記載の根菜収穫機。A resistance member capable of swinging the narrowing mechanism around a fulcrum in the vertical direction within a predetermined range, and a spring that urges the resistance member to an action position protruding from the foliage conveyance path at the starting end of the cutting conveyance mechanism. The root vegetable harvesting machine according to claim 1, wherein the root vegetable harvesting machine is configured to be provided so that the resistance member can be retracted and displaced toward the lower side in the conveyance direction against the biasing force.
JP12529196A 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Root crop harvesting machine Expired - Fee Related JP3636543B2 (en)

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JP12529196A JP3636543B2 (en) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Root crop harvesting machine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12529196A JP3636543B2 (en) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Root crop harvesting machine

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JPH09308345A JPH09308345A (en) 1997-12-02
JP3636543B2 true JP3636543B2 (en) 2005-04-06

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100785456B1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2007-12-13 세이레이 고교 가부시키가이샤 Root harvester
US8635843B2 (en) * 2011-06-17 2014-01-28 Altria Client Services Inc. Apparatus and method of harvesting agricultural row crops having biased guide members
JP6477613B2 (en) * 2016-06-28 2019-03-06 井関農機株式会社 Crop extractor

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