JPH06347229A - Method and apparatus for measuring shape - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for measuring shape

Info

Publication number
JPH06347229A
JPH06347229A JP14103493A JP14103493A JPH06347229A JP H06347229 A JPH06347229 A JP H06347229A JP 14103493 A JP14103493 A JP 14103493A JP 14103493 A JP14103493 A JP 14103493A JP H06347229 A JPH06347229 A JP H06347229A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
measured
light
shape
laser beam
scanning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP14103493A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Satoru Takahashi
悟 高橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Akita Electronics Systems Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Akita Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd, Akita Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP14103493A priority Critical patent/JPH06347229A/en
Publication of JPH06347229A publication Critical patent/JPH06347229A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to measure a shape highly accurately in a short time by focusing a laser beam on a position detecting element through a rotary mirror and a condenser lens, and deriving the three-dimensional shape of a material to be measured by computation. CONSTITUTION:A laser beam 1a emitted from a semiconductor laser 1 is stopped with a beam stop lens 2 and becomes collimated light 2a. Furthermore, the light path of the collimated light 2a is converted with a rectangular prism 3. The light 2a turns into a light projecting beam 4a with a rotary mirror 4. The surface of a material to be measured 5 is scanned with the beam 4a in one dimension. After the scanning, reflected light 5a from the surface of the material to be measured 5 is condensed with a condenser lens 6. The image is focused on a position detecting element 7. The one-dimensional amount of the displacement of the surface of the material to be measured 5 can be measured by an expression of computation. The material to be measured 5 or the apparatus is further rotated or moved, and the secondary scanning is performed. When the numerical values expressing the displaced positions are synthesized, the surface shape of the material to be measured can be measured in three dimensions.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、物体の形状を測定する
装置において、前記物体の表面にレーザビームを走査さ
せ、その反射光を検出する非接触式の形状測定技術に関
するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a non-contact type shape measuring technique for scanning the surface of an object with a laser beam and detecting the reflected light in an apparatus for measuring the shape of the object.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、物体の形状を測定する非接触式の
方法として、光を利用した光切断法が幅広く用いられて
いる。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a non-contact method for measuring the shape of an object, a light cutting method utilizing light has been widely used.

【0003】この光切断法は、レンズを通したスリット
光を45度の角度で被測定物に投影し、その反射光を顕
微鏡やカメラ等により観測するものである。
This light cutting method is a method in which slit light passing through a lens is projected onto an object to be measured at an angle of 45 degrees, and the reflected light is observed by a microscope, a camera or the like.

【0004】なお、前記光切断法を利用して物体の三次
元形状を求める場合には、前記スリット光を副走査する
ことにより、前記物体の表面の形状を測定することが可
能となる。
When obtaining the three-dimensional shape of an object using the light section method, the shape of the surface of the object can be measured by sub-scanning the slit light.

【0005】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、前記した従
来技術は、簡便な方法ではあるが、十分な明るさのスリ
ット光が得られないため、高精度の計測はできないとい
う問題がある。
However, the above-mentioned conventional technique is a simple method, but there is a problem that a highly accurate measurement cannot be performed because a slit light having sufficient brightness cannot be obtained.

【0006】また、投光系ユニットと撮影用カメラとを
別々に設置しなければならないため、装置全体が大形に
なるという問題もある。
Further, since the projection system unit and the photographing camera must be installed separately, there is a problem that the entire apparatus becomes large.

【0007】さらに、撮影用カメラを用いた場合、画像
合成時におけるデータ処理の時間が非常に長くかかると
いう問題がある。
Further, when a photographing camera is used, there is a problem that the data processing time at the time of image combination is very long.

【0008】そこで、本発明の目的は、レーザビームを
用いて被測定物の形状を測定することによって、小形
で、かつ、高精度な計測を行うことができる形状測定技
術を提供することにある。
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a shape measuring technique capable of performing small-sized and highly accurate measurement by measuring the shape of an object to be measured using a laser beam. .

【0009】本発明の前記ならびにその他の目的と新規
な特徴は、本明細書の記述および添付図面から明らかに
なるであろう。
The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

【0010】[0010]

【課題を解決するための手段】本願において開示される
発明のうち、代表的なものの概要を簡単に説明すれば、
以下のとおりである。
Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, a brief description will be given to the outline of typical ones.
It is as follows.

【0011】すなわち、レーザビームを回転鏡に反射さ
せ、被測定物の表面に走査させた後、前記被測定物から
の反射ビームを集光レンズによって集光し、位置検出素
子上に結像させるものである。
That is, after the laser beam is reflected by the rotating mirror and scanned on the surface of the object to be measured, the reflected beam from the object to be measured is condensed by the condenser lens and imaged on the position detecting element. It is a thing.

【0012】さらに、前記被測定物または本発明による
形状測定装置を、回転あるいは移動させることによっ
て、データを合成するものである。
Further, the data is synthesized by rotating or moving the object to be measured or the shape measuring apparatus according to the present invention.

【0013】[0013]

【作用】前記した手段によれば、レーザビームを用いる
ことによって、十分な明るさのスポット光を位置検出素
子に結像させることができる。
According to the above-mentioned means, by using the laser beam, the spot light of sufficient brightness can be imaged on the position detecting element.

【0014】さらに、被測定物または本発明による形状
測定装置を、回転あるいは移動させることによって、デ
ータを合成して被測定物の形状を測定するため、従来の
カメラを用いた場合の画像合成時にかかっていた時間を
大幅に短縮できる。
Furthermore, since the data to be measured is measured by rotating or moving the object to be measured or the shape measuring device according to the present invention, the shape of the object to be measured is measured. The time taken can be greatly reduced.

【0015】[0015]

【実施例】図1は本発明の一実施例である形状測定装置
の構成および測定原理を示す解説図である。また、図2
は本発明の一実施例である形状測定装置における被測定
物の表面の変位量を示す理論図である。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration and measurement principle of a shape measuring apparatus which is an embodiment of the present invention. Also, FIG.
FIG. 4 is a theoretical diagram showing the amount of displacement of the surface of the object to be measured in the shape measuring apparatus which is an embodiment of the present invention.

【0016】まず、図1を用いて、本実施例の形状測定
装置の構成を説明すると、前記形状測定装置は、レーザ
ビームを発する半導体レーザ1と、前記半導体レーザ1
から発せられたレーザビーム1aを絞り込むビーム絞り
レンズ2と、前記ビーム絞りレンズ2によって絞り込ま
れたコリメート光2aの光路を変換させる直角プリズム
3と、前記直角プリズム3によって光路を変換されたコ
リメート光2aを被測定物5に対して走査させる回転鏡
4と、被測定物5からの反射光5aを集光させる集光レ
ンズ6と、被測定物5の表面の変位を検出する位置検出
素子7とから構成されるものである。
First, the configuration of the shape measuring apparatus of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The shape measuring apparatus includes a semiconductor laser 1 that emits a laser beam and the semiconductor laser 1.
Beam diaphragm lens 2 that narrows down the laser beam 1a emitted from the laser beam, right-angle prism 3 that changes the optical path of collimated light 2a that is narrowed down by the beam diaphragm lens 2, and collimated light 2a whose optical path is changed by the right-angle prism 3. A rotary mirror 4 for scanning the object 5 to be measured, a condenser lens 6 for condensing the reflected light 5a from the object 5 to be measured, and a position detecting element 7 for detecting the displacement of the surface of the object 5 to be measured. It is composed of

【0017】次に、図1を用いて、本実施例の形状測定
装置における測定原理を説明する。
Next, the measurement principle of the shape measuring apparatus of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

【0018】最初に、半導体レーザ1から発せられたレ
ーザビーム1aは、ビーム絞りレンズ2によって、絞り
込まれ、コリメート光2aになる。
First, the laser beam 1a emitted from the semiconductor laser 1 is narrowed down by the beam diaphragm lens 2 and becomes collimated light 2a.

【0019】さらに、前記コリメート光2aは、直角プ
リズム3によってその光路が変換される。
Further, the optical path of the collimated light 2a is changed by the rectangular prism 3.

【0020】続いて、光路が変換されたコリメート光2
aは、ガルバノメータなどによる回転鏡4によって、投
光ビーム4aとなり、前記投光ビーム4aが被測定物5
の表面に一次元的に走査される。
Next, the collimated light 2 whose optical path has been changed
a is turned into a light projection beam 4a by the rotating mirror 4 such as a galvanometer, and the light projection beam 4a is the object 5 to be measured.
The surface is scanned one-dimensionally.

【0021】また、走査後、被測定物5の表面からの反
射光5aは、集光レンズ6によって集光され、さらに、
集光後、位置検出素子7上に結像される。
After scanning, the reflected light 5a from the surface of the object 5 to be measured is condensed by the condenser lens 6, and further,
After the light is collected, an image is formed on the position detection element 7.

【0022】次に、図1および図2を用いて、本実施例
の形状測定装置における被測定物5の表面の変位量を求
める計算方法について説明する。
Next, a calculation method for obtaining the displacement amount of the surface of the object 5 to be measured in the shape measuring apparatus of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

【0023】前記変位量は、ビーム振れ中心8(または
集光レンズ中心9)から被測定物5の表面までの鉛直距
離Dと、被測定物5の水平方向の距離Xとによって表さ
れるものである。
The amount of displacement is represented by the vertical distance D from the center 8 of the beam deflection (or the center 9 of the condenser lens) to the surface of the DUT 5 and the horizontal distance X of the DUT 5. Is.

【0024】ここで、ガルバノメータなどによる回転鏡
4を経て投下される投光ビーム4aのビーム投光角を
θ、ビーム振れ中心8と集光レンズ中心9との距離を
A、集光レンズ中心9と位置検出素子受光面10との距
離をB、位置検出素子7上の像点の変位をCとすると、
前記変位量は、D=(A*B*SINθ)/(B*CO
Sθ−C*SINθ),X=(A*C*SINθ)/
(B*COSθ−C*SINθ)の計算式によって求め
られる。
Here, the beam projection angle of the projection beam 4a projected through the rotary mirror 4 such as a galvanometer is θ, the distance between the beam deflection center 8 and the condenser lens center 9 is A, and the condenser lens center 9 is When the distance between the position detection element light receiving surface 10 is B and the displacement of the image point on the position detection element 7 is C,
The displacement amount is D = (A * B * SINθ) / (B * CO
Sθ-C * SINθ), X = (A * C * SINθ) /
It is obtained by the calculation formula of (B * COSθ-C * SINθ).

【0025】この結果、前記計算式によって、被測定物
5の表面の一次元的な変位量を測定することができる。
As a result, the one-dimensional displacement amount of the surface of the object 5 to be measured can be measured by the above-mentioned calculation formula.

【0026】さらに、被測定物5または本実施例による
形状測定装置を、回転あるいは移動させて、副走査する
ことによって前記変位量を表す数値(DおよびX)を合
成すれば、被測定物5の表面形状を三次元的に測定する
ことができる。
Further, by rotating or moving the object to be measured 5 or the shape measuring apparatus according to the present embodiment, and sub-scanning, the numerical values (D and X) representing the displacement amount are combined, whereby the object to be measured 5 is measured. The surface shape of can be measured three-dimensionally.

【0027】以上、本発明者によってなされた発明を実
施例に基づき具体的に説明したが、本発明は前記実施例
に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲
で種々変更可能であることは言うまでもない。
Although the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say.

【0028】例えば、本実施例においてはレーザビーム
の照射源として半導体レーザを用いて説明したが、実際
に使用されるレーザはHe−Neレーザであってもかま
わない。
For example, although the semiconductor laser is used as the laser beam irradiation source in this embodiment, the laser actually used may be a He--Ne laser.

【0029】また、本実施例における回転鏡は、ガルバ
ノメータによるものを用いたが、ポリゴンミラーを用い
れば、さらに高速なビーム走査を実現することが可能と
なる。
Further, the rotary mirror in this embodiment uses a galvanometer, but if a polygon mirror is used, it is possible to realize higher speed beam scanning.

【0030】[0030]

【発明の効果】本願において開示される発明のうち、代
表的なものによって得られる効果を簡単に説明すれば、
下記のとおりである。
The effects obtained by the typical ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be briefly described as follows.
It is as follows.

【0031】(1).レーザビームを回転鏡と集光レン
ズとを介して位置検出素子上に結像させるため、十分な
明るさが得られ、それによって、高精度な形状測定が可
能となる。
(1). Since the laser beam is imaged on the position detecting element via the rotating mirror and the condenser lens, sufficient brightness can be obtained, which enables highly accurate shape measurement.

【0032】(2).被測定物の表面の変位量から得ら
れる一次元データを合成し、計算によって被測定物の三
次元形状を導き出すため、従来のカメラ等による合成画
像のデータ処理よりも処理時間を短縮させることができ
る。
(2). Since the one-dimensional data obtained from the displacement of the surface of the measured object is combined and the three-dimensional shape of the measured object is derived, the processing time can be shortened compared with the conventional data processing of the composite image by a camera or the like. it can.

【0033】(3).投光系ユニットあるいは撮影用カ
メラを別々に設置する必要がないため、装置を小形化す
ることができる。
(3). Since it is not necessary to separately install the light projecting unit or the photographing camera, the device can be downsized.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の一実施例である形状測定装置の構成お
よび測定原理を示す解説図である。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration and a measurement principle of a shape measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の一実施例である形状測定装置における
被測定物の表面の変位量を示す理論図である。
FIG. 2 is a theoretical diagram showing the amount of displacement of the surface of the object to be measured in the shape measuring apparatus which is an embodiment of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 半導体レーザ 1a レーザビーム 2 ビーム絞りレンズ 2a コリメート光 3 直角プリズム 4 回転鏡 4a 投光ビーム 5 被測定物 5a 反射光 6 集光レンズ 7 位置検出素子 8 ビーム振れ中心 9 集光レンズ中心 10 位置検出素子受光面 θ ビーム投光角 A ビーム振れ中心と集光レンズ中心との距離 B 集光レンズ中心と位置検出素子受光面との距離 C 位置検出素子上の像点の変位 D ビーム振れ中心から被測定物の表面までの鉛直距離 X 被測定物の水平方向の距離 1 Semiconductor Laser 1a Laser Beam 2 Beam Stop Lens 2a Collimated Light 3 Right Angle Prism 4 Rotating Mirror 4a Projected Beam 5 Object to be Measured 5a Reflected Light 6 Focusing Lens 7 Position Detection Element 8 Beam Swing Center 9 Focusing Lens Center 10 Position Detection Element light-receiving surface θ Beam projection angle A Distance between beam deflection center and condenser lens center B Distance between condenser lens center and position detection element light receiving surface C Displacement of image point on position detection element D Beam deflection center Vertical distance to the surface of the measured object X Horizontal distance of the measured object

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 被測定物に対してレーザビームを走査し
てその被測定物形状を非接触で測定する方法であって、
前記レーザビームを回転鏡により走査し、前記被測定物
からの反射光を位置検出素子上に結像させ、前記レーザ
ビームの投光角度と前記反射光の位置検出素子上におけ
る結像点の位置とからの計算によって、前記被測定物の
表面の形状を導き出すことを特徴とする形状測定方法。
1. A method for measuring a shape of an object to be measured in a non-contact manner by scanning the object to be measured with a laser beam,
The laser beam is scanned by a rotating mirror, the reflected light from the object to be measured is imaged on a position detection element, the projection angle of the laser beam and the position of the image formation point on the position detection element of the reflected light. A shape measuring method, wherein the shape of the surface of the object to be measured is derived by calculation from
【請求項2】 被測定物に対してレーザビームを走査す
ることによって、前記被測定物の形状を非接触で測定す
る装置であって、前記レーザビームを走査させる回転鏡
と、前記被測定物からの反射光を結像させる集光レンズ
と、前記被測定物の表面の変位量を検出する位置検出素
子とからなることを特徴とする形状測定装置。
2. A device for measuring the shape of the object to be measured in a non-contact manner by scanning the object to be measured with a laser beam, the rotating mirror scanning the laser beam, and the object to be measured. A shape measuring device comprising: a condenser lens for forming an image of reflected light from the object; and a position detecting element for detecting a displacement amount of the surface of the object to be measured.
JP14103493A 1993-06-14 1993-06-14 Method and apparatus for measuring shape Pending JPH06347229A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14103493A JPH06347229A (en) 1993-06-14 1993-06-14 Method and apparatus for measuring shape

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP14103493A JPH06347229A (en) 1993-06-14 1993-06-14 Method and apparatus for measuring shape

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06347229A true JPH06347229A (en) 1994-12-20

Family

ID=15282692

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP14103493A Pending JPH06347229A (en) 1993-06-14 1993-06-14 Method and apparatus for measuring shape

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH06347229A (en)

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