JPH0623382A - Biological filtering method and apparatus - Google Patents
Biological filtering method and apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0623382A JPH0623382A JP4119945A JP11994592A JPH0623382A JP H0623382 A JPH0623382 A JP H0623382A JP 4119945 A JP4119945 A JP 4119945A JP 11994592 A JP11994592 A JP 11994592A JP H0623382 A JPH0623382 A JP H0623382A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- raw water
- water
- fluidized bed
- fixed bed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 12
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 19
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 15
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、有機物および／または
アンモニア性窒素（ＮＨ3 −Ｎ）を含む汚水を浄化する
生物学的浄化方法および装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a biological purification method and apparatus for purifying wastewater containing organic substances and / or ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3 --N).
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】アンスラサイトなどの粒状鉱物のろ材を
充填し、水中に固定床として設け、空気などの酸素含有
気体を固定床の下から曝気しながら、原水を通水するこ
とによって汚水を生物学的に浄化する装置は好気性生物
ろ床（ＢＡＦ：Ｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ａｅｒａｔｅｄ
Ｆｉｌｔｅｒ）として公知である。しかし、従来のＢ
ＡＦは次のような欠点を有し、ＳＳやＢＯＤなどを低濃
度に含む下水などの原水以外には実際上適用が困難であ
った。 砂利などからなるろ床の支持床が汚染し易い。特に
上向流のＢＡＦではこの傾向が強い。 ろ床の表層部では生物学的活動が活発で、微生物の
増殖が速く、そのため表層部での目詰まりが早い。ま
た、原水のＳＳの大部分もろ床の表層部で捕捉されるた
め、ますます表層部でのろ床の目詰まりが急速に進み、
ろ過抵抗の増加をもたらす。2. Description of the Related Art A granular mineral filter medium such as anthracite is filled and provided as a fixed bed in water, and oxygen-containing gas such as air is aerated from under the fixed bed while sewage is treated as biological water. The device for biological purification is an aerobic biological filter (BAF: Biological Aerated).
It is known as a Filter). However, conventional B
AF has the following drawbacks and is practically difficult to apply to raw water such as sewage containing low concentrations of SS and BOD. The supporting floor of the filter bed made of gravel is easily contaminated. This tendency is particularly strong in the upward-flowing BAF. Biological activity is active in the surface layer of the filter bed, and the growth of microorganisms is fast, so that the surface layer is quickly clogged. Also, most of the SS of raw water is captured at the surface layer of the filter bed, so the filter bed at the surface layer becomes more rapidly clogged,
It causes an increase in filtration resistance.
【０００３】 ろ床の洗浄が面倒で、多量の洗浄用水
を必要とする。 微生物がろ材の表面にミクロンオーダーの厚みで付
着しているに過ぎないので、ＢＡＦ全体での微生物濃度
は２０００〜２５００ｍｇ／リットル程度に過ぎず、Ｂ
ＯＤ除去、アンモニア性窒素硝化の反応速度が小さい。
従って、処理槽のコンパクト化が難しい。例えば、下水
処理の場合、従来のＢＡＦのろ過速度は２５ｍ／日に過
ぎない。Cleaning the filter bed is troublesome and requires a large amount of cleaning water. Since the microorganisms only adhere to the surface of the filter medium in a thickness of micron order, the concentration of the microorganisms in the whole BAF is about 2000 to 2500 mg / liter.
The reaction rate of OD removal and ammoniacal nitrogen nitrification is low.
Therefore, it is difficult to make the processing tank compact. For example, in the case of sewage treatment, the filtration rate of conventional BAF is only 25 m / day.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の課題は、上記
〜の従来型ＢＡＦの欠点をすべて解消できる新規Ｂ
ＡＦ式処理装置を提供するものである。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention The object of the present invention is to provide a novel B capable of solving all the above-mentioned disadvantages of the conventional BAF.
An AF type processing apparatus is provided.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題は本発明の生物
学的浄化方法および装置の発明によって達成される。す
なわち、（１）水と近似した比重を持つ素材からなる立
体網目状粒状物を担体とする上向流式生物ろ過装置にお
いて、該生物ろ過装置上部には前記担体の固定床を、そ
の下部には該担体の流動床を形成させるように、前記流
動床の下部から原水と酸素含有気体を上向流で通過させ
て原水を生物学的に処理することを特徴とする生物ろ過
方法。 （２）下部に原水供給手段と酸素含有気体供給手段を備
え、上部に処理水流出手段を設けた槽内に、多孔性支持
部材と流出防止部材の間に水と近似した比重を持つ素材
からなる立体網目状粒状物の担体を、通水時に上部に固
定床、その下部に流動床が形成される程度に空間部を有
して充填したことを特徴とする生物ろ過装置。The above objects are achieved by the invention of the biological purification method and apparatus of the present invention. That is, (1) in an upflow type biological filtration device using a three-dimensional reticulated granular material made of a material having a specific gravity similar to that of water as a carrier, a fixed bed of the carrier is provided above the biological filtration device and below the biological filtration device. Is a biological filtration method, wherein raw water and an oxygen-containing gas are passed upward from the lower part of the fluidized bed to biologically treat the raw water so as to form a fluidized bed of the carrier. (2) In a tank having raw water supply means and oxygen-containing gas supply means in the lower part and treated water outflow means in the upper part, from a material having a specific gravity close to that of water between the porous support member and the outflow prevention member. A biological filtration device, characterized in that the three-dimensional reticulated granular carrier is filled with a fixed bed at the upper part and a space part at the lower part so that a fluidized bed is formed at the time of passing water.
【０００６】上記素材の水と近似した比重とは０．９か
ら１．４程度の比重を意味し、この範囲の比重を有する
素材で構成されている限り上記担体の構成素材は特に制
限されず、有機高分子、無機化合物等公知のものを使用
できるが、中でも素材自体に適度な弾性と強度とを有す
る素材が好ましい。立体網目状粒状物は、かかる素材を
用いて表面から内部にかけて連続した穴を持つように成
形されるが、この成形は公知の発泡法等によりできる。
より具体的にはポリウレタンフォームから形成された立
体網目状粒状体が特に適している。立体網目の孔径とし
ては１〜３ｍｍ程度で十分である。上記立体網目状粒状
物からなる担体は有機物やアンモニア窒素を含む汚水を
生物学的に浄化するＢＯＤ資化菌や硝化菌などの微生物
類をその表面および内部の空隙部に高濃度に固定でき
る。The specific gravity of the above material similar to water means a specific gravity of about 0.9 to 1.4, and the constituent material of the carrier is not particularly limited as long as the material has a specific gravity within this range. Known materials such as organic polymers and inorganic compounds can be used, but among them, a material having appropriate elasticity and strength as the material itself is preferable. The three-dimensional mesh-like granular material is molded using such a material so as to have continuous holes from the surface to the inside, and this molding can be performed by a known foaming method or the like.
More specifically, three-dimensional reticulated granules formed from polyurethane foam are particularly suitable. About 1 to 3 mm is sufficient as the pore size of the three-dimensional mesh. The carrier composed of the above-mentioned three-dimensional mesh-like particles can fix microorganisms such as BOD-assimilating bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, which biologically purify sewage containing organic substances and ammonia nitrogen, at a high concentration on the surface and inside voids.
【０００７】生物ろ過装置（以下処理槽という）の下部
に設置された原水供給手段や酸素含有気体供給手段の上
近傍に張設された多孔性支持部材は、最初処理槽内に固
定床および流動床を形成するに際し、立体網目状粒状物
からなる担体を支持する部材であり、また洗浄時や処理
槽が稼働している際に担体が装置の底に沈殿することを
防止するための支持部材であり、プラスチックス製や金
属製のネット、グレーチングや多孔板など種々の多孔性
材料で構成できる。一方、処理槽の最上部に設けられ
た、処理水流出手段と洗浄排水流出手段に連通している
越流堰の下近傍に張設された多孔性の流出防止部材は、
処理槽を洗浄する際に上記担体が系外に流出しないよう
に防止するための部材であり、また処理槽が稼働してい
る際に担体の流出防止と固定床形成を起こすよう機能す
る。この部材もプラスチックス製や金属製のネット、グ
レーチングや多孔板など種々の多孔性材料で構成され
る。[0007] The porous support member stretched near the raw water supply means and the oxygen-containing gas supply means installed in the lower part of the biological filtration device (hereinafter referred to as the treatment tank) is initially a fixed bed and a fluidized bed in the treatment tank. A member for supporting a carrier made of three-dimensional mesh-like particles when forming a floor, and a supporting member for preventing the carrier from settling on the bottom of the apparatus during washing or when the treatment tank is operating. It can be made of various porous materials such as a net made of plastics or metal, grating or a perforated plate. On the other hand, the porous outflow prevention member provided near the bottom of the overflow weir, which is provided at the uppermost part of the treatment tank and communicates with the treated water outflow means and the cleaning wastewater outflow means,
It is a member for preventing the carrier from flowing out of the system when the treatment tank is washed, and also functions to prevent the carrier from flowing out and to form a fixed bed when the treatment tank is operating. This member is also made of various porous materials such as a net made of plastics or metal, grating or a perforated plate.
【０００８】処理槽内に張設されている上記多孔性の流
出防止部材と多孔性支持部材との間に処理槽の上から順
に立体網目状粒状物からなる担体で構成された固定床お
よび流動床が配備される。これら固定床および流動床を
構成する担体は最初に生物ろ床を構成する際、原水がな
い状態で多孔性支持部材上に置いた時には、該担体充填
部分の上面は上記多孔性の流出防止部材との間に十分の
空間が得られる程度に充填する。処理槽に原水を供給
し、原水が上記越流堰から溢流するようにした時、処理
槽下部の散気管から酸素含有気体が吹き込まれると、上
記担体は処理槽上部、多孔性の流出防止部材に接して固
定床を形成し、その下部に流動床が構成される。この流
動床部分の担体は浮遊状態にある上に、原水や酸素含有
気体による激しい気液混相流によって担体が攪乱作用を
受け、自由に担体が流動する状態となる。A fixed bed and a fluid composed of a carrier composed of three-dimensional mesh-like particles in order from the top of the treatment tank between the porous outflow prevention member and the porous support member which are stretched in the treatment tank. The floor is deployed. When the carrier constituting the fixed bed and the fluidized bed is first placed on the porous support member in the absence of raw water when forming the biological filter bed, the upper surface of the carrier-filled portion has the porous outflow prevention member. Fill so that a sufficient space is obtained between and. When the raw water is supplied to the treatment tank and the raw water is made to overflow from the overflow weir, if the oxygen-containing gas is blown from the diffuser pipe at the lower portion of the treatment tank, the carrier will prevent the outflow of the upper portion of the treatment tank and the porosity. A fixed bed is formed in contact with the member, and a fluidized bed is formed below the fixed bed. In addition to the floating state of the carrier in the fluidized bed portion, the carrier is disturbed by the violent gas-liquid mixed phase flow caused by the raw water and the oxygen-containing gas, so that the carrier freely flows.
【０００９】本発明の特徴とするところは、従来のＢＡ
Ｆにおけるように微生物を保持した担体を充填した固定
床に直接原水を供給するのではなく、先ず上記担体の流
動床で原水を処理した後に固定床で処理することにあ
る。すなわち、比重が原水に近似した比重をもつ素材で
構成された立体網目状粒状物からなる担体に、原水中で
適切に酸素含有気体を供給しながら激しい気液混相流に
よって攪乱作用を与えると流動床が形成される。ここ
で、酸素含有気体量が多過ぎれば攪乱が大きく、固定床
に形成が困難となり、また少なければ流動床が形成され
難いので、その供給量の調整が重要である。しかして、
馴致によって担体に固定された微生物によりこの流動床
で原水中のＢＯＤが急速に除去される。この流動床で原
水中の３０〜３５％のＢＯＤが除去される。次いでその
水が固定床に送られた時、固定床の底部では充填されて
いる担体に保持されている微生物の増殖が適度に抑えら
れ、固定床の目詰まりの進行が著しく抑制されるという
特徴ある現象が認められる。The feature of the present invention is that the conventional BA
The raw water is not directly supplied to the fixed bed packed with the carrier holding the microorganisms as in F, but the raw water is first treated in the fluidized bed of the carrier and then treated in the fixed bed. That is, when a carrier consisting of a three-dimensional mesh-like particulate material composed of a material having a specific gravity similar to that of raw water is supplied with an oxygen-containing gas in the raw water while being disturbed by a violent gas-liquid multiphase flow A floor is formed. Here, if the amount of oxygen-containing gas is too large, the perturbation will be great and it will be difficult to form it in the fixed bed, and if it is small, it will be difficult to form a fluidized bed, so it is important to adjust the supply amount. Then,
BOD in raw water is rapidly removed in this fluidized bed by microorganisms immobilized on the carrier by acclimation. This fluidized bed removes 30-35% of the BOD in the raw water. Next, when the water is sent to the fixed bed, the growth of microorganisms retained in the carrier packed in the bottom of the fixed bed is appropriately suppressed, and the progress of clogging of the fixed bed is significantly suppressed. A phenomenon is observed.
【００１０】本発明に用いられる上記立体網目状粒状物
からなる担体の大きさは、１０×１０×１０ｍｍのサイ
コロ状ないし１０×２５×２５ｍｍの直方体にするのが
ＳＳ捕捉容量を高める上で好ましい。立体網目の孔径と
しては１〜３ｍｍ程度で十分で、５ｍμ以上のＳＳはほ
ぼ全てこの担体を通過する間に除去される。孔径がこれ
以下の担体はＳＳによる目詰まりが起きやすく、またＳ
Ｓを洗浄除去し難くなるので、使用しても良いが好まし
くない。担体の素材には比重が０．９から１．４程度の
ものが使用できるが、通常０．９〜１．２程度が好まし
い。処理時、原水中に存在する担体は気泡を保持してい
るので、見掛けの比重は水よりも小さくなり浮遊した状
態にある。The size of the carrier composed of the above-mentioned three-dimensional mesh-like granular material used in the present invention is preferably 10 × 10 × 10 mm dice or 10 × 25 × 25 mm rectangular parallelepiped in order to increase the SS trapping capacity. . It is sufficient that the pore diameter of the three-dimensional mesh is about 1 to 3 mm, and SS having a diameter of 5 mμ or more is almost completely removed while passing through this carrier. Carriers with pore diameters less than this are more likely to be clogged with SS, and S
Since it becomes difficult to wash and remove S, it may be used, but it is not preferable. As the material for the carrier, one having a specific gravity of about 0.9 to 1.4 can be used, but about 0.9 to 1.2 is usually preferable. At the time of treatment, the carrier existing in the raw water retains air bubbles, so that the apparent specific gravity is smaller than that of water and the carrier is in a floating state.
【００１１】処理槽内の流動床の上部には固定床が構成
されている。この固定床では担体にＢＯＤ資化菌や硝化
菌などの微生物類がその表面および内部の空隙部に１３
〜１６ｇ／リットルにもおよぶ高濃度に固定している
が、酸素含有気泡を保持して浮遊した状態にあり、ここ
でさらにＢＯＤの除去、アンモニア窒素の硝化およびＳ
Ｓの除去が行われる。A fixed bed is formed above the fluidized bed in the processing tank. In this fixed bed, microorganisms such as BOD-assimilating bacteria and nitrifying bacteria are used as carriers on the surface and inside voids.
It is fixed at a high concentration of up to ~ 16 g / liter, but is still floating with oxygen-containing bubbles, where BOD removal, ammonia nitrogen nitrification and S
S is removed.
【００１２】上に説明したごとく、処理槽内のろ床が、
微生物を高濃度に保持しかつ浮遊状態にある立体網目状
粒状物からなる担体で構成された固定床と、十分自由に
流動している状態にある該担体で構成された流動床とか
らなり、高度にＢＯＤ除去、アンモニア窒素の硝化およ
びＳＳの除去が行われ、清澄な処理水が効率よく得ら
れ、かつ処理床の目詰まりが起こらないという処理槽の
構成が本発明の特徴である。As explained above, the filter bed in the treatment tank is
A fixed bed composed of a carrier composed of a three-dimensional mesh-like particulate matter in a state of being suspended and having a high concentration of microorganisms, and a fluidized bed composed of the carrier in a sufficiently freely flowing state, The feature of the present invention is the constitution of the treatment tank in which BOD removal, nitrification of ammonia nitrogen and SS removal are carried out to a high degree, clear treated water is efficiently obtained, and clogging of the treatment bed does not occur.
【００１３】[0013]
【作用】本発明の処理槽内の下部に透水性の多孔性部材
で作られた担体支持部材を設け、その上部にやはり多孔
性部材で作られた担体流出防止部材を設けて、その間に
水と近似した比重を有する素材からなる立体網目状粒状
物担体を置き、その担体の表面および内部の空隙部にＢ
ＯＤ資化菌や硝化菌などの微生物類を保持せしめ、上記
担体支持部材の下から原水を散気管３からの酸素含有気
体と共に上向流で供給すると、担体流出防止部材の下部
には浮上した担体によって固定床Ｂが形成され、その固
定床Ｂの下部には激しい気液混相流による攪乱作用によ
って担体が固定床Ｂにおけるより半分ほどの密度で流動
している流動床Ａが自動的に形成される。The carrier supporting member made of a water-permeable porous member is provided in the lower portion of the processing tank of the present invention, and the carrier outflow preventing member also made of a porous member is provided in the upper portion thereof, and water is provided between them. A three-dimensional mesh-like granular carrier made of a material having a specific gravity similar to that is placed, and B is placed on the surface and inside voids of the carrier.
Microorganisms such as OD assimilating bacteria and nitrifying bacteria were retained, and when raw water was supplied from below the carrier supporting member together with the oxygen-containing gas from the diffuser pipe 3 in an upward flow, it floated to the lower part of the carrier outflow preventing member. A fixed bed B is formed by the carrier, and a fluidized bed A in which the carrier is flowing at a density about half that in the fixed bed B is automatically formed in the lower part of the fixed bed B due to the disturbing action by the violent gas-liquid mixed phase flow. To be done.
【００１４】原水と酸素含有気体とを供給して処理を続
けると、流動床Ａでは担体には高濃度にＢＯＤ資化菌が
増殖し、ＢＯＤの除去とＳＳの一部の吸着除去が行われ
る。次いで流動床Ａで処理された原水は、ＢＯＤ資化菌
や硝化菌などの微生物類を保持した担体を有する固定床
ＢでＢＯＤの除去とアンモニア窒素の硝化が進む。従っ
て固定床Ｂに充填された担体にはさらにＢＯＤ資化菌と
硝化菌が増殖する。処理槽に充填されている担体が、水
と近似した比重を有する素材からなる、特徴ある本発明
の立体網目状粒状物で構成されているために、以上説明
したように、その処理槽に上向流で原水と酸素含有気体
とを供給して処理することにより、固定床Ｂと流動床Ａ
が自動的に生成するのであり、この作用が生じるのが本
発明の特徴である。When the raw water and the oxygen-containing gas are supplied and the treatment is continued, the BOD-assimilating bacterium grows in a high concentration on the carrier in the fluidized bed A, and BOD is removed and part of the SS is adsorbed and removed. . Next, the raw water treated in the fluidized bed A undergoes BOD removal and ammonia nitrogen nitrification in a fixed bed B having a carrier holding microorganisms such as BOD assimilating bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. Therefore, BOD-assimilating bacteria and nitrifying bacteria further grow on the carrier packed in the fixed bed B. Since the carrier filled in the treatment tank is composed of the characteristic three-dimensional mesh-like granular material of the present invention made of a material having a specific gravity similar to that of water, By supplying raw water and oxygen-containing gas in countercurrent for treatment, a fixed bed B and a fluidized bed A are obtained.
Is automatically generated, and it is a feature of the present invention that this action occurs.
【００１５】次に、固定床Ｂと流動床Ａの容積比の設定
について述べる。固定床ＢではＳＳのろ過、ＢＯＤ除去
およびアンモニア窒素の硝化の２つの機能を遂行するの
に対し、流動床Ａでは主としてＢＯＤの部分的除去を遂
行すればよいので、固定床Ｂの容積をＶS 、流動床Ａの
容積をＶF とする時ＶS ≧ＶF とするのが適切である。
但し、流動床ＡにおいてもＳＳの一部は微生物スライム
への吸着によって除去される。もし逆にＶS ＜ＶF とす
ると、固定床Ｂでの原水の滞在時間が短くなり過ぎ、Ｓ
Ｓのろ過効果が悪化すると同時に、処理水ＢＯＤも高く
なるので避けるべきである。Next, setting of the volume ratio of the fixed bed B and the fluidized bed A will be described. The fixed bed B performs the two functions of filtration of SS, removal of BOD and nitrification of ammonia nitrogen, whereas the fluidized bed A mainly performs partial removal of BOD. S, it is appropriate to V S ≧ V F when the volume of the fluidized bed a and V F.
However, also in the fluidized bed A, a part of SS is removed by adsorption to microbial slime. On the contrary, if V S <V F , the stay time of the raw water on the fixed bed B becomes too short, and S
Since the filtering effect of S deteriorates and the BOD of treated water also increases, it should be avoided.
【００１６】本発明において、ろ床に立体網目状粒状物
で構成されている担体を充填して、その処理槽のろ床に
上向流で原水と酸素含有気体とを供給して固定床Ｂと流
動床Ａを自動的に生成し、固定床Ｂの容積をＶS 、流動
床Ａの容積をＶF とする時ＶS ≧ＶF となるようにする
ことは、担体の粒子の大きさ、見掛けの比重、充填する
数量などの因子と処理槽に供給する原水および酸素含有
気体の供給量、供給管や散気管の位置、形などの因子を
調節することにより実現できる。In the present invention, the fixed bed B is prepared by filling the filter bed with a carrier composed of a three-dimensional mesh-like granular material and supplying the raw water and oxygen-containing gas in an upward flow to the filter bed of the treatment tank. And the fluidized bed A are automatically generated so that the volume of the fixed bed B is V S and the volume of the fluidized bed A is V F such that V S ≧ V F is satisfied. It can be realized by adjusting factors such as apparent specific gravity and quantity to be filled, the feed amounts of raw water and oxygen-containing gas to be supplied to the treatment tank, and the positions and shapes of supply pipes and diffuser pipes.
【００１７】なお本発明において、原水は上向流で通水
することが必須であり、下向流では原水を先ず流動床部
に供給し、次いで固定床に供給するという本発明の方法
を採ることができなくなる。下向流の場合、ろ床を浮上
性担体ろ材によって形成したとしても、ろ床上部のろ材
に流動性を与える手段が簡単でなく、例えば別途攪拌手
段を設けるなどの必要があり、その上この流動床にはＳ
Ｓが蓄積し易く、本発明のろ床による処理と同様の処理
効果を得ることは困難である。In the present invention, it is essential that the raw water be passed in an upward flow, and in the downward flow, the raw water is first supplied to the fluidized bed section and then to the fixed bed. Can't do it. In the case of downward flow, even if the filter bed is formed of a floating carrier filter medium, the means for giving fluidity to the filter medium above the filter bed is not simple, and it is necessary to provide a separate stirring means, for example. S for fluidized bed
S is likely to accumulate, and it is difficult to obtain the same treatment effect as the treatment by the filter bed of the present invention.
【００１８】本発明の１具体的態様を図１に示し、図を
参照しながら本発明の具体的な構成について説明する。
しかしながら、本発明は以下の説明によって制限される
ものではない。One specific embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, and a specific configuration of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
However, the present invention is not limited by the following description.
【００１９】図１に示す本発明の処理槽１では、原水が
処理槽１の下部から上向流として原水供給管２から供給
される。好気性処理に使用する酸素を供給するために処
理槽１の下部に散気管３を設け、ブロア５によって気体
供給管４を通して酸素含有気体を散気管３から処理槽１
内に供給する。散気管３および原水供給管２の上部にネ
ットあるいはグレーチングなどで作られた透水性の多孔
性支持部材６が張設され、その上部に微生物を高濃度に
保持しかつ十分自由に流動している状態にある立体網目
状粒状物からなる担体で構成された流動床Ａが、そして
さらにその上部にやはり微生物を高濃度に保持し浮遊状
態にある、立体網目状粒状物からなる担体で構成された
固定床Ｂが設けられている。In the treatment tank 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, raw water is supplied from a lower portion of the treatment tank 1 as an upward flow from a raw water supply pipe 2. An air diffuser 3 is provided in the lower part of the treatment tank 1 to supply oxygen used for aerobic treatment, and an oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the air diffuser 3 through the gas supply pipe 4 by the blower 5 to the treatment tank 1.
Supply in. A water-permeable porous support member 6 made of a net or grating is stretched over the air diffusing pipe 3 and the raw water supply pipe 2, and a high concentration of microorganisms is kept on the upper portion of the water-permeable porous supporting member 6 and is sufficiently free flowing. A fluidized bed A composed of a carrier composed of three-dimensional network granules in a state, and further composed of a carrier composed of a three-dimensional network granule in a suspended state, which also retains a high concentration of microorganisms. A fixed bed B is provided.
【００２０】原水供給管２から供給された原水は、先ず
散気管３からの酸素含有気体と共に激しい気液混相流と
なって流動床Ａに入りここで原水中のＢＯＤが急速に除
去される。流動床Ａでは、原水中の３０〜３５％のＢＯ
Ｄが除去される。次に原水が固定床Ｂに供給された時、
固定床ＢではＳＳのろ過、ＢＯＤ除去およびアンモニア
窒素の硝化が行われ、清澄な処理水となり、処理槽１の
上部に張設されたネットあるいはグレーチングなどで作
られた透水性多孔性の担体流出防止部材７を通過し、処
理槽１の最上部の越流堰８から溢流し、処理水流出口９
に設けた処理水流出管１０を通って系外に排出される。
処理水流出管１０から、洗浄排水流出弁１３を備えた洗
浄排水流出管１２が処理水流出弁１１の手前で分岐し、
洗浄排水を洗浄排水貯留槽１４に送液する。The raw water supplied from the raw water supply pipe 2 first becomes a violent gas-liquid mixed phase flow together with the oxygen-containing gas from the diffuser pipe 3 into the fluidized bed A, where BOD in the raw water is rapidly removed. In fluidized bed A, 30-35% BO in raw water
D is removed. Next, when raw water is supplied to the fixed bed B,
In the fixed bed B, SS is filtered, BOD is removed, and ammonia nitrogen is nitrified to become clear treated water, which is a water-permeable porous carrier outflow formed by a net stretched over the treatment tank 1 or a grating. After passing through the prevention member 7, it overflows from the uppermost overflow weir 8 of the treatment tank 1, and the treated water outlet 9
It is discharged to the outside of the system through the treated water outflow pipe 10 provided in the.
From the treated water outflow pipe 10, a wash drainage outflow pipe 12 equipped with a wash drainage outflow valve 13 branches before the treated water outflow valve 11,
The cleaning waste water is sent to the cleaning waste water storage tank 14.
【００２１】次に、本発明の処理槽１の洗浄方法につい
て説明する。本発明の処理槽１の洗浄方法は、洗浄に処
理水を使用しなくとも効果的に洗浄が達成できる独自の
方法である。すなわち、本発明の洗浄方法は以下の手順
で行われる。 原水の供給を停止することなく、散気管３からの気
体の供給量を増加する。 この操作によって、固定床Ｂ
内に激しい気体の上昇流が発生し、ろ材粒子もほぐれ、
それまでろ材に捕捉されていたＳＳが追い出される。 この時、処理水流出弁１３弁を開き、処理水流出弁
１１を閉じておくと、ろ床から追い出されたＳＳを含ん
だ洗浄排水が洗浄排水流出管１２を通って洗浄排水貯留
槽１４に流入する。 固定床ＢからＳＳの大部分が追い出された時点で、
散気管３からの気体の供給量を定常量に戻すと、その後
３０分から１時間程度２０ｍｇ／リットルを越えるＳＳ
を含んだ排水が流出するので、これを排水貯留槽１４に
流入させる。 その後、ＳＳ２０ｍｇ／リットル以下の清澄水が流
出するので処理水流出弁１３弁を閉じ、処理水流出弁１
１を開いて処理水を得る。 なお、排水貯留槽１４中の洗浄排水は別途適当な固液分
離装置に供給し、ＳＳを分離し処理すればよい。Next, a method of cleaning the processing tank 1 of the present invention will be described. The method for cleaning the treatment tank 1 of the present invention is a unique method that can achieve effective cleaning without using treated water for cleaning. That is, the cleaning method of the present invention is performed in the following procedure. The amount of gas supplied from the diffuser pipe 3 is increased without stopping the supply of raw water. By this operation, fixed bed B
A violent upward flow of gas is generated inside, and the filter media particles are also loosened,
The SS that had been captured by the filter media until then is expelled. At this time, if the treated water outflow valve 13 is opened and the treated water outflow valve 11 is closed, the cleaning wastewater containing SS expelled from the filter bed passes through the cleaning drainage outflow pipe 12 to the cleaning drainage storage tank 14. Inflow. When most of the SS is expelled from the fixed bed B,
When the amount of gas supplied from the air diffuser 3 is returned to a steady amount, SS exceeding 20 mg / liter for about 30 minutes to 1 hour thereafter.
Since the drainage containing water flows out, it is made to flow into the drainage storage tank 14. After that, since clear water of SS 20 mg / liter or less flows out, the treated water outflow valve 13 is closed and the treated water outflow valve 1
Open 1 to obtain treated water. The cleaning waste water in the waste water storage tank 14 may be separately supplied to an appropriate solid-liquid separation device to separate SS for treatment.
【００２２】[0022]
【実施例】図１の本発明の処理装置を用い、表１に示し
た条件により、表３に示した水質の団地下水を対象にし
て本発明の処理を行った。 表１ （装置使用） 処理槽の寸法 ： 直径 ３００ｍｍφ（丸型カラム） 高さ ４．０ｍ 担体充填高さ* ３．５ｍ 流動床部容積 ０．０７ｍ3 固定床部容積 ０．２１ｍ3 ＊担体充填高さとは、原水を処理槽に満たす前に、ポリ
ウレタンフォームよりなる担体ろ材を自然充填した時の
充填高さである。担体ろ材は粒径が１０×２５×２５ｍ
ｍの角状ポリウレタンフォームの粒状片で、セル数３〜
４個／ｃｍ、空隙率９８％、素材の真の比重１．１２で
ある。EXAMPLE Using the treatment apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the treatment of the present invention was performed on the aggregated groundwater having the water quality shown in Table 3 under the conditions shown in Table 1. Table 1 (unit used) of the processing tank dimensions: diameter 300 mm in diameter (round column) Height 4.0m carrier filling height * 3.5 m fluidized bed unit volume 0.07 m 3 fixed bed unit volume 0.21 m 3 * carrier filling The height is the filling height when the carrier filter medium made of polyurethane foam is naturally filled before the raw water is filled in the treatment tank. Carrier filter medium has a particle size of 10 x 25 x 25 m
m is a granular piece of polyurethane foam with a cell number of 3 to
4 pieces / cm, porosity is 98%, and the true specific gravity of the material is 1.12.
【００２３】 表２ （処理条件） 下水流量 ： 処理量 ４．０ｍ3 ／日 ろ過速度 ５７ ｍ／日 空気供給量 ： １２Ｎｍ3 ／日 （定常時の供給量） １００Ｎｍ3 ／日 （空気洗浄時の供給量） 原水には、団地の生下水を用いた。その水質は表３に示
す通りである。 表３ （下水の水質） ｐＨ ： ７．１ ＳＳ ： １２６ｍｇ／リットル ＢＯＤ ： １６３ｍｇ／リットル 水温 ： １７℃[0023] Table 2 (processing conditions) Shimozuru weight: throughput 4.0 m 3 / day filtration rate 57 m / day air supply amount: 12Nm 3 / day (feed amount in the steady state) 100 Nm 3 / day (during air cleaning Amount of supply) Raw sewage from the housing complex was used as raw water. The water quality is as shown in Table 3. Table 3 (Water quality of sewage) pH: 7.1 SS: 126 mg / liter BOD: 163 mg / liter Water temperature: 17 ° C
【００２４】以上の条件で８ヶ月間連続処理した。微生
物のポリウレタンフォームへの馴致集殖が完成した１ヶ
月後から処理水質などは表４に示す通りの状態を維持し
た。 表４ （処理水水質） ｐＨ ： ７．８〜６．９ ＳＳ ： １．８〜３．１ｍｇ／リットル ＢＯＤ ： ４〜６ ｍｇ／リットル 水温 ： １５〜１８ ℃ ろ過継続可能時間、すなわち原水の通水を開始してから
固定床Ｂを洗浄する時期が来るまで、通水を継続できた
合計時間は９５〜１２０時間であった。Under the above conditions, continuous treatment was carried out for 8 months. One month after the acclimation and collection of the microorganisms to the polyurethane foam was completed, the treated water quality and the like remained as shown in Table 4. Table 4 (Water quality of treated water) pH: 7.8 to 6.9 SS: 1.8 to 3.1 mg / liter BOD: 4 to 6 mg / liter Water temperature: 15 to 18 ° C Filtration continuous time, that is, passage of raw water From the start of water to the time for washing fixed bed B, the total time during which water could be continued was 95 to 120 hours.
【００２５】表２に示した水質の下水を、従来のアンス
ラサイトをろ材とした下向流型の代表的ＢＡＦでろ過速
度５７ｍ／日で処理した場合のろ過継続可能時間は７〜
８時間であることと比較すると本発明の処理方法および
処理装置の卓越した効果は明らかである。When the sewage of the water quality shown in Table 2 is treated with a typical downflow type BAF using a conventional anthracite as a filter medium at a filtration rate of 57 m / day, the continuous filtration time is 7 to
The outstanding effect of the treatment method and the treatment apparatus of the present invention is clear as compared with 8 hours.
【００２６】[0026]
【発明の効果】本発明の処理方法および処理装置により
有機性汚水を処理し、以下のような効果が得られる。 １．浮上した固定床に上向流で処理するので、砂利など
のろ材支持床が不要で、支持床での汚染や目詰まりの問
題が解消する。 ２．原水を流動床から固定床の順で通水するようにした
ので、固定床部での目詰まりが著しく少ない。 ３．ろ床の洗浄に処理水を使用する必要がないので、処
理水生産効率が高い。 ４．ろ材自身の立体的網目構造内に高濃度の微生物を固
定化できるので、生物ろ床のＢＯＤ除去、アンモニア窒
素の硝化速度が従来型ＢＡＦの２〜４倍に向上し、装置
が著しくコンパクトである。The treatment method and the treatment apparatus of the present invention treat the organic sewage, and the following effects can be obtained. 1. Since the floating fixed bed is treated by upward flow, no filter media support bed such as gravel is required, and the problem of contamination and clogging on the support bed is solved. 2. Since the raw water is made to flow from the fluidized bed to the fixed bed in this order, clogging at the fixed bed is extremely small. 3. Since it is not necessary to use the treated water for cleaning the filter bed, the treated water production efficiency is high. 4. Since a high concentration of microorganisms can be immobilized within the three-dimensional network structure of the filter medium itself, the BOD removal of the biological filter and the nitrification rate of ammonia nitrogen are improved by 2 to 4 times compared with the conventional BAF, and the device is remarkably compact. .
【図１】本発明の上向流式生物学的浄化装置の１例を示
す模式図。FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an upflow biological purification device of the present invention.
１ 処理槽 １０ 処理水
流出管 ２ 原水供給管 １１ 処理水
流出弁 ３ 散気管 １２ 洗浄排
水流出管 ４ 気体供給管 １３ 洗浄排
水流出弁 ５ ブロア １４ 洗浄排
水貯留槽 ６ 多孔性支持部材 Ａ 流動床 ７ 流出防止部材 Ｂ 固定床 ８ 越流堰 ９ 処理水流出口1 Treatment Tank 10 Treated Water Outflow Pipe 2 Raw Water Supply Pipe 11 Treated Water Outflow Valve 3 Diffuser Pipe 12 Cleaning Drainage Outflow Pipe 4 Gas Supply Pipe 13 Cleaning Drainage Outflow Valve 5 Blower 14 Cleaning Drainage Reservoir 6 Porous Support Member A Fluidized Bed 7 Outflow prevention member B Fixed bed 8 Overflow weir 9 Treated water outlet
Claims (2)
体網目状粒状物を担体とする上向流式生物ろ過装置にお
いて、該生物ろ過装置上部には前記担体の固定床を、そ
の下部には該担体の流動床を形成させるように、前記流
動床の下部から原水と酸素含有気体を上向流で通過させ
て原水を生物学的に処理することを特徴とする生物ろ過
方法。1. An upflow type biological filtration device having as a carrier a three-dimensional mesh-like granular material made of a material having a specific gravity similar to that of water, wherein a fixed bed of the carrier is provided above the biological filtration device and below the biological filtration device. Is a biological filtration method, wherein raw water and an oxygen-containing gas are passed upward from the lower part of the fluidized bed to biologically treat the raw water so as to form a fluidized bed of the carrier.
手段を備え、上部に処理水流出手段を設けた槽内に、多
孔性支持部材と流出防止部材の間に水と近似した比重を
持つ素材からなる立体網目状粒状物の担体を、通水時に
上部に固定床、その下部に流動床が形成される程度に空
間部を有して充填したことを特徴とする生物ろ過装置。2. A tank having a raw water supply means and an oxygen-containing gas supply means at the bottom and a treated water outflow means at the top has a specific gravity close to that of water between the porous support member and the outflow prevention member. A biological filtration device, characterized in that a three-dimensional mesh-like granular carrier made of a material is filled with a fixed bed in the upper part and a fluidized bed in the lower part to form a fluidized bed when passing water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4119945A JP2584386B2 (en) | 1992-04-15 | 1992-04-15 | Biological filtration method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4119945A JP2584386B2 (en) | 1992-04-15 | 1992-04-15 | Biological filtration method and device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0623382A true JPH0623382A (en) | 1994-02-01 |
| JP2584386B2 JP2584386B2 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
Family
ID=14774072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4119945A Expired - Fee Related JP2584386B2 (en) | 1992-04-15 | 1992-04-15 | Biological filtration method and device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2584386B2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0810530A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-16 | Masaru Taniguchi | Water purifier |
| WO2000056667A1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-09-28 | Dr. Lindner Gmbh | Method for treating water and sewage purification using a fluidised filter bed |
| JP2002143879A (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-21 | Fuji Clean Kogyo Kk | Treatment equipment and treatment method for sewage |
| WO2003033419A3 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-12-04 | Ahlmann Aco Severin | Device and method for biologically treating waste water |
| KR100458764B1 (en) * | 2002-06-08 | 2004-12-03 | 주식회사 어드밴스드바이오테크놀로지 | Method and apparatus for the treatment of contaminated water by submersible biological aerated filter |
| ES2243139A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-16 | Universidad Complutense De Madrid | Filtration, absorption and drying stationary and fluidised beds combination includes a fluid ascent system with feed of drying air and two stage absorption |
| JP2008212865A (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-18 | Nihon Suido Consultants Co Ltd | Nitration tank |
| EP2508488A1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-10 | Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support | Improved biological waste water purification reactor and method |
| CN105645572A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-08 | 上海海洋大学 | Low-cost method for treating ammonia nitrogen and nitrites in pond culture water body |
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| JPH02218497A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1990-08-31 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Treatment of waste water |
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| JPS5363766A (en) * | 1976-11-17 | 1978-06-07 | Toray Eng Co Ltd | High concentration waste water biological processor |
| JPS55106594A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1980-08-15 | Univ Kansas State | Secondary treatment method of waste water by biological reaction of fluid layer |
| JPH0235996A (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1990-02-06 | Otv Omnium De Traitemement & De Valorisation | Biological purification of waste water, biological reactor and water purifying equipment |
| JPH02218497A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1990-08-31 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Treatment of waste water |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0810530A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-16 | Masaru Taniguchi | Water purifier |
| WO2000056667A1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-09-28 | Dr. Lindner Gmbh | Method for treating water and sewage purification using a fluidised filter bed |
| JP2002143879A (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2002-05-21 | Fuji Clean Kogyo Kk | Treatment equipment and treatment method for sewage |
| JP4573997B2 (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2010-11-04 | フジクリーン工業株式会社 | Sewage treatment apparatus and treatment method |
| WO2003033419A3 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-12-04 | Ahlmann Aco Severin | Device and method for biologically treating waste water |
| KR100458764B1 (en) * | 2002-06-08 | 2004-12-03 | 주식회사 어드밴스드바이오테크놀로지 | Method and apparatus for the treatment of contaminated water by submersible biological aerated filter |
| ES2243139A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-11-16 | Universidad Complutense De Madrid | Filtration, absorption and drying stationary and fluidised beds combination includes a fluid ascent system with feed of drying air and two stage absorption |
| JP2008212865A (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-18 | Nihon Suido Consultants Co Ltd | Nitration tank |
| EP2508488A1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-10 | Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support | Improved biological waste water purification reactor and method |
| WO2012136654A1 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2012-10-11 | Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support | Improved biological waste water purification reactor and method |
| CN103547535A (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2014-01-29 | 威立雅水务解决方案与技术支持公司 | Improved biological waste water purification reactor and method |
| KR20140022049A (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2014-02-21 | 베올리아 워터 솔루션즈 앤드 테크놀러지스 써포트 | Improved biological waste water purification reactor and method |
| JP2014509940A (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2014-04-24 | ヴェオリア・ウォーター・ソリューションズ・アンド・テクノロジーズ・サポート | Improved biological wastewater purification reactor and method |
| RU2606435C2 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2017-01-10 | Веолия Уотер Солюшнз Энд Текнолоджиз Саппорт | Reactor for biological treatment of waste water and method |
| US10308535B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2019-06-04 | Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support | Biological waste water purification reactor and method |
| CN105645572A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-08 | 上海海洋大学 | Low-cost method for treating ammonia nitrogen and nitrites in pond culture water body |
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|---|---|
| JP2584386B2 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
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