JPH06211512A - Production of carbon cluster - Google Patents

Production of carbon cluster

Info

Publication number
JPH06211512A
JPH06211512A JP5023650A JP2365093A JPH06211512A JP H06211512 A JPH06211512 A JP H06211512A JP 5023650 A JP5023650 A JP 5023650A JP 2365093 A JP2365093 A JP 2365093A JP H06211512 A JPH06211512 A JP H06211512A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carbon
oxygen atom
containing gas
clusters
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP5023650A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shinichi Makino
真一 牧野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tokai Carbon Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tokai Carbon Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokai Carbon Co Ltd filed Critical Tokai Carbon Co Ltd
Priority to JP5023650A priority Critical patent/JPH06211512A/en
Publication of JPH06211512A publication Critical patent/JPH06211512A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a method for efficiently producing a carbon cluster of C60, C70 or the like at an excellent operability. CONSTITUTION:Carbon vapor is generated by arc discharging between graphite electrode rods 12, 13 while introducing an oxygen atom containing gas of 0.005-0.10 O/C mole ratio per the vaporized carbon quantity into a vessel 1 evacuated and substituted with a He atmosphere of 50-200Torr and the soot containing the carbon cluster is collected by cooling to solidify again with a cooling recovery device 9.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、C60、C70、C76、C
78等の物性を有するカーボンクラスターを効率よく製造
するための方法に関する。
The present invention relates to C 60 , C 70 , C 76 , C
The present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing carbon clusters having physical properties such as 78 .

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】カーボンクラスターとは、炭素原子が数
十個集合した性状の炭素分子(「フラーレン」と呼ばれ
ることもある)を指し、現在、C60、C70、C76、C78
などの物性が知られている。このカーボンクラスター
は、1990年にW.Kratschmerらによってサッカーボー
ル状のC60、C70が生成されて以来、黒鉛およびダイヤ
モンドに次ぐ第3の新規な炭素物性として注目を集めて
いる。分子構造が解明された当初は固体潤滑剤や触媒へ
の応用が考えられていたが、その後C60の結晶層間に微
量のカリウムを結合すると超電導体(Tc=18K)になるこ
とが実証され、用途面での期待が一層大きくなってい
る。
2. Description of the Related Art A carbon cluster refers to a carbon molecule (sometimes called a "fullerene") having a property in which dozens of carbon atoms are aggregated, and is currently C 60 , C 70 , C 76 , C 78.
The physical properties such as are known. This carbon cluster has been attracting attention as the third new carbon physical property after graphite and diamond since W. Kratschmer et al. Produced soccer ball-like C 60 and C 70 . At first, when the molecular structure was clarified, it was considered to be applied to solid lubricants and catalysts, but after that it was proved that when a trace amount of potassium was bonded between the C 60 crystal layers, it became a superconductor (Tc = 18K), Expectations in terms of applications are increasing.

【0003】カーボンクラスターは、原理的に高熱で気
化させた炭素蒸気を冷却再凝固する方法により生成され
るが、これまで優れた操業性で効率よくカーボンクラス
ターを生成するための製造技術は開発されていない。す
なわち、従来、炭素を蒸発させる加熱手段として、燃焼
法、抵抗加熱法、レーザー加熱法、アーク放電法などが
試みられている。このうち、燃焼法は減圧下でベンゼ
ン、酸素およびアルゴンを燃焼源としてバーナー燃焼さ
せたり、内燃機関(化学工業、2/25,1992)を用いて加熱
する方法であるが、燃焼源に含まれる水素等の不純物に
よってカーボンクラスターの生成が阻害されて収率が抑
制される欠点がある。また、抵抗加熱法では消費電力に
対するスートの生成量が少なく、レーザー加熱法は特殊
な生成装置を必要とする問題点がある。
In principle, carbon clusters are produced by a method of cooling and re-solidifying carbon vapor that has been vaporized by high heat, and a manufacturing technique for producing carbon clusters with excellent operability and efficiency has been developed so far. Not not. That is, conventionally, a combustion method, a resistance heating method, a laser heating method, an arc discharge method, or the like has been attempted as a heating means for evaporating carbon. Among them, the combustion method is a method in which benzene, oxygen, and argon are burned under a reduced pressure as a combustion source or a combustion is performed using an internal combustion engine (Chemical Industry, 2/25, 1992). There is a drawback that the production of carbon clusters is hindered by impurities such as hydrogen and the yield is suppressed. Further, the resistance heating method has a problem that the amount of soot generated with respect to the power consumption is small, and the laser heating method requires a special generation device.

【0004】これに対し、アーク放電法は前記したW.Kr
atschmer等により大量合成法として報告(Nature,347,35
4,1990) された方法で、50〜200TorrのHe雰囲気
容器内で黒鉛電極間にアーク放電させて炭素を蒸発させ
ることによりカーボンクラスターを10〜20重量%程
度含むスート粉末が回収されるとしている。しかし、カ
ーボンクラスターの含有率は未だ十分ではなく、後処理
の精製工程も煩雑となる問題がある。
On the other hand, the arc discharge method uses the above-mentioned W.Kr.
Reported as a large-scale synthetic method by atschmer et al. (Nature, 347, 35
4, 1990), soot powder containing about 10 to 20% by weight of carbon clusters is recovered by arc discharge between graphite electrodes in a He atmosphere container of 50 to 200 Torr to evaporate carbon. . However, the content rate of carbon clusters is not yet sufficient, and there is a problem that the purification process of the post-treatment becomes complicated.

【0005】このようなアーク放電法の欠点を解消し、
60、C70を効率よく大量生成させとともにC60/C70
生成比を制御し得る炭素クラスターの製造方法として、
黒鉛るつぼ内に炭素との親和力の大きい金属を充填し、
不活性雰囲気中で該黒鉛るつぼをインパルス抵抗加熱方
式により金属炭化物が生成される温度以上まで加熱し、
炭素クラスターを含む超微粒子を生成させる方法(特開
平4−342406号公報)が提案されている。この方法は、
一旦融点の低い金属炭化物に転化させてカーボンクラス
ターを含む炭化物の超微粒子として発生させる関係で、
生成機構が複雑となるうえ金属中の不純物の影響も無視
できなくなる難点がある。
By eliminating the drawbacks of the arc discharge method,
Efficiently producing large amounts of C 60 and C 70 as well as C 60 / C 70
As a method for producing a carbon cluster capable of controlling the production ratio,
Fill a graphite crucible with a metal that has a strong affinity for carbon,
Heating the graphite crucible in an inert atmosphere to a temperature at which metal carbide is generated by an impulse resistance heating method or higher,
A method for producing ultrafine particles containing carbon clusters (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-342406) has been proposed. This method
Once converted to metal carbide with a low melting point and generated as ultrafine particles of carbide containing carbon clusters,
There is a problem that the generation mechanism becomes complicated and the influence of impurities in the metal cannot be ignored.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者は、炭素の蒸
発メカニズムと生成収率との関係について鋭意研究を重
ねた結果、減圧He雰囲気中で炭素を蒸発させる際に特
定量の酸素を介在させると酸素原子がカーボンクラスタ
ーの生成を促進させる作用を営み、スート中の含有率が
大幅に向上する事実を確認した。
As a result of intensive studies on the relationship between the evaporation mechanism of carbon and the production yield, the present inventor has found that a certain amount of oxygen intervenes when carbon is evaporated in a reduced pressure He atmosphere. Then, it was confirmed that oxygen atoms acted to promote the formation of carbon clusters, and the content rate in soot was significantly improved.

【0007】本発明は、前記の知見に基づいて開発され
たもので、その目的は優れた操業性で効率よくカーボン
クラスターを生成させるための製造方法を提供すること
にある。
The present invention was developed based on the above findings, and an object thereof is to provide a production method for efficiently producing carbon clusters with excellent operability.

【0008】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めの本発明によるカーボンクラスターの製造方法は、5
0〜200TorrのHe雰囲気系内に蒸発炭素量に対して
O/Cモル比が0.005〜0.10になる範囲で酸素
原子含有ガスを添加しながら炭素を蒸発させることを構
成上の特徴とする。
The method for producing carbon clusters according to the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is described in 5
Characteristic features of the composition are to evaporate carbon while adding an oxygen atom-containing gas in a He atmosphere system of 0 to 200 Torr in an O / C molar ratio of 0.005 to 0. And

【0009】本発明における炭素の加熱蒸発は、50〜
200Torrの減圧度に保持されたHeガス雰囲気系内で
おこなわれる。具体的には、ガス導入管と真空ポンプに
連結する生成物回収管を備えた減圧容器内にHeガスを
供給し、容器の内圧を50〜200Torrの範囲に調整し
た状態で炭素を加熱することによって実施される。系内
雰囲気をHeに代えてAr等の不活性ガスで置き換えた
場合には、単位熱エネルギー当たりの炭素蒸発量が大幅
に低下し、カーボンクラスターの生成量が減退する。ま
た、He雰囲気系の減圧度が50Torr未満であるとカー
ボンクラスターの生成効率が低下し、200Torrを越え
ると炭素の蒸発が円滑に進行しない。
The heating evaporation of carbon in the present invention is from 50 to
It is carried out in a He gas atmosphere system maintained at a reduced pressure of 200 Torr. Specifically, He gas is supplied into a decompression container equipped with a gas recovery pipe and a product recovery pipe connected to a vacuum pump, and carbon is heated while the internal pressure of the container is adjusted to a range of 50 to 200 Torr. Carried out by When the system atmosphere is replaced with He or an inert gas such as Ar, the carbon evaporation amount per unit thermal energy is significantly reduced, and the carbon cluster production amount is reduced. If the decompression degree of the He atmosphere system is less than 50 Torr, the carbon cluster generation efficiency is lowered, and if it exceeds 200 Torr, the evaporation of carbon does not proceed smoothly.

【0010】炭素の加熱蒸発手段としては、炭素棒の抵
抗発熱やレーザー加熱等であってもよいが、本発明の目
的には炭素棒の電極間をアーク放電させて炭素蒸気を発
生させる方法が最も好適に用いられる。
The heating and vaporizing means of carbon may be resistance heating of a carbon rod or laser heating, but for the purpose of the present invention, a method of generating carbon vapor by arc discharge between the electrodes of the carbon rod is used. Most preferably used.

【0011】上記の炭素蒸発過程を、He雰囲気系内に
蒸発炭素量に対しO/Cモル比として0.005〜0.
10になる範囲で酸素原子含有ガスを添加しながらおこ
なうことが本発明の重要な要件となる。好適な酸素原子
含有ガスとしては、酸素(O2)、オゾン(O3)、一酸化炭素
(CO)または二酸化炭素(CO2) を挙げることができ、これ
らガスは1種もしくは2種以上を混合して使用される。
酸素原子含有ガスの添加比率が、蒸発炭素量に対しO/
Cモル比として0.005未満であるとカーボンクラス
ターの生成効率を向上させる効果が得られず、逆にO/
Cモル比が0.10を越えると酸素原子含有ガスを添加
しない場合よりもカーボンクラスターの生成効率が減退
する結果を与える。なお、酸素原子含有ガスに一酸化炭
素(C0)または二酸化炭素(CO2) を使用する場合の蒸発炭
素量は、炭素電極からの蒸発炭素と一酸化炭素または二
酸化炭素中の炭素を含めた量となる。
The above carbon evaporation process is carried out in a He atmosphere system in an O / C molar ratio of 0.005 to 0.
It is an important requirement of the present invention to add oxygen atom-containing gas within the range of 10. Suitable oxygen atom-containing gas includes oxygen (O 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), carbon monoxide
(CO) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) may be mentioned, and these gases may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Addition ratio of oxygen atom-containing gas is O /
If the C molar ratio is less than 0.005, the effect of improving the carbon cluster generation efficiency cannot be obtained, and conversely O /
When the C molar ratio exceeds 0.10, the carbon cluster production efficiency is reduced as compared with the case where the oxygen atom-containing gas is not added. The amount of evaporated carbon when carbon monoxide (C0) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is used as the oxygen atom-containing gas is the amount including the evaporated carbon from the carbon electrode and carbon monoxide or carbon in carbon dioxide. Becomes

【0012】蒸発した炭素蒸気は、冷却されたバッグフ
ィルターのような回収装置によりカーボンクラスターを
多く含有するスートとして急冷再凝固され補集される。
The vaporized carbon vapor is rapidly resolidified and collected as a soot containing a large amount of carbon clusters by a cooled collecting device such as a bag filter.

【0013】[0013]

【作用】本発明によれば、50〜200Torrの減圧He
雰囲気系内に蒸発炭素量に対してO/Cモル比が0.0
05〜0.10になる範囲で酸素原子含有ガスを介在さ
せた状態で炭素を蒸発させることにより、従来のアーク
放電法で得られる最大20重量%のカーボンクラスター
の含有率を40重量%近くまで向上させた高含有率のス
ートとして回収することが可能となる。この理論的な根
拠については未だ解明するに至っていないが、炭素蒸気
が再凝固する際に前記した特定量の酸素原子がスートの
生成を抑制し、選択的にカーボンクラスターの生成効率
を向上させる触媒的な作用を営むものと推測される。
According to the present invention, the reduced pressure He of 50 to 200 Torr is used.
O / C molar ratio to the amount of evaporated carbon in the atmosphere system is 0.0
By evaporating carbon with an oxygen atom-containing gas intervening in the range of 05 to 0.10, the maximum content of carbon clusters of 20 wt% obtained by the conventional arc discharge method is close to 40 wt%. It is possible to collect the soot with improved high content. Although the theoretical basis for this has not yet been clarified, a catalyst that suppresses the formation of soot by the above-mentioned specific amount of oxygen atoms when carbon vapor re-solidifies and selectively improves the production efficiency of carbon clusters. It is presumed that it will have a positive effect.

【0014】[0014]

【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を比較例と対比して説
明する。
EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below in comparison with comparative examples.

【0015】実施例1〜4、比較例1〜3 下部にそれぞれバルブ2、流量計3を介してヘリウムボ
ンベ4および酸素原子含有ガスボンベ5に接続するガス
供給ライン6と、上部に圧力調整バルブ7を介して真空
ポンプ8を備えるバッグフィルター構造の冷却回収装置
9に連通する導出管10とを備えた減圧容器1の内部
に、電源11に接続する水冷式の黒鉛電極棒12、13
(直径8mm)を端面間にギャップを設けてセットした図
1(略断面図)の生成装置を準備した。本例では酸素原
子含有ガスボンベ5を酸素ボンベとした。この装置を用
い、真空ポンプ8を作動させて減圧容器1の系内を一旦
0.01Torr以下に減圧したのち、ヘリウムボンベ4お
よび酸素原子含有ガスボンベ5から所定量のHeガスと
2 ガスを導入し、ついで圧力調整バルブ7を制御して
減圧容器1内の内圧を100Torrに調整した。
Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 A gas supply line 6 connected to a helium cylinder 4 and an oxygen atom-containing gas cylinder 5 via a valve 2 and a flow meter 3 at the bottom, and a pressure adjusting valve 7 at the top. A water-cooling type graphite electrode rod 12, 13 connected to a power supply 11 inside a decompression container 1 provided with a lead-out pipe 10 communicating with a cooling / collecting device 9 having a bag filter structure equipped with a vacuum pump 8 via
A generator of FIG. 1 (schematic cross-sectional view) in which (diameter 8 mm) was set with a gap provided between end faces was prepared. In this example, the oxygen atom-containing gas cylinder 5 is an oxygen cylinder. Using this apparatus, the vacuum pump 8 is operated to temporarily reduce the pressure in the system of the decompression container 1 to 0.01 Torr or less, and then a predetermined amount of He gas and O 2 gas are introduced from the helium cylinder 4 and the oxygen atom-containing gas cylinder 5. Then, the pressure adjusting valve 7 was controlled to adjust the internal pressure in the decompression container 1 to 100 Torr.

【0016】引き続き電源11から2kwの電力を黒鉛電
極棒12、13に供給し、電極間にアーク放電を発生さ
せた。この状態で黒鉛電極棒は白熱し、炭素蒸気として
上昇する。炭素蒸気は導出管10により吸引され、冷却
回収装置9に至って急冷再凝固してカーボンクラスター
を含むスートとして回収された。
Subsequently, 2 kw of electric power was supplied from the power source 11 to the graphite electrode rods 12 and 13 to cause arc discharge between the electrodes. In this state, the graphite electrode rod becomes incandescent and rises as carbon vapor. The carbon vapor was sucked by the outlet pipe 10, reached the cooling recovery device 9, and was rapidly solidified again and recovered as soot containing carbon clusters.

【0017】上記の工程を、導入するO2 ガス量の蒸発
炭素量に対するO/Cモル比を0〜0.137の範囲で
変動させて実施し、回収したスートをベンセンで抽出し
たのちベンゼンを蒸発させてカーボンクラスターを得
た。得られた結果を操作条件と対比させて表1に示し
た。
The above steps were carried out while varying the O / C molar ratio of the amount of introduced O 2 gas to the amount of evaporated carbon in the range of 0 to 0.137, the recovered soot was extracted with benzene, and benzene was extracted. Evaporation gave carbon clusters. The obtained results are shown in Table 1 in comparison with the operating conditions.

【0018】[0018]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0019】表1の結果から、O2 ガスを蒸発炭素量に
対しO/Cモル比として0.005〜0.10の範囲に
設定した実施例1〜4ではカーボンクラスターの生成量
および生成効率が高く、スート中の含有率はいずれも2
0重量%を越えていることが判明する。とくに実施例2
の条件では、カーボンクラスターの含有率が40重量%
に近い高収率を示すことが認められた。
From the results shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 4 in which the O 2 gas was set in the range of 0.005 to 0.10 as the O / C molar ratio with respect to the evaporated carbon amount, the production amount and production efficiency of carbon clusters were found. Is high and the content rate in soot is 2
It turns out that it exceeds 0% by weight. Especially Example 2
Under the above conditions, the carbon cluster content is 40% by weight.
It was confirmed that a high yield close to

【0020】実施例5〜8、比較例4〜5 図1の装置において、酸素原子含有ガスボンベ5として
二酸化炭素ガスボンベを用い、所定量のCO2 ガスを導
入したほかは実施例1と同一の条件によりカーボンクラ
スターの生成をおこなった。その結果を操作条件と対比
して表2に示した。表2の結果から、実施例5〜8と比
較例4〜5によるカーボンフラーレンの生成傾向は、上
記の実施例1〜4と比較例1〜3の関係とほぼ同様の効
率差を示すことが認められた。
Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5 The same conditions as in Example 1 except that a carbon dioxide gas cylinder was used as the oxygen atom-containing gas cylinder 5 and a predetermined amount of CO 2 gas was introduced in the apparatus of FIG. To generate carbon clusters. The results are shown in Table 2 in comparison with the operating conditions. From the results shown in Table 2, the tendency of carbon fullerenes to be produced in Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5 shows almost the same efficiency difference as the relationship between Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 above. Admitted.

【0021】[0021]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0022】[0022]

【発明の効果】以上のとおり、本発明に従えば減圧下の
He雰囲気系に特定量の酸素原子含有ガスを添加しなが
ら炭素を蒸発させることにより、高価な装置や特別な金
属物質を用いることなく、簡単な工程操作で極めて効率
よくカーボンクラスターを製造することが可能となる。
したがって、C60、C70、C76、C78等のカーボンクラ
スターの工業的な製造技術として有用性が期待できる。
As described above, according to the present invention, an expensive device or a special metal substance is used by evaporating carbon while adding a specific amount of oxygen atom-containing gas to a He atmosphere system under reduced pressure. Therefore, it becomes possible to manufacture carbon clusters extremely efficiently with a simple process operation.
Therefore, it can be expected to be useful as an industrial production technology of carbon clusters such as C 60 , C 70 , C 76 , and C 78 .

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】実施例で使用したカーボンクラスターの生成装
置を示した略断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an apparatus for producing carbon clusters used in Examples.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 減圧容器 2 バルブ 3 流量計 4 ヘリウムボンベ 5 酸素原子含有ガスボンベ 6 供給ライン 7 圧力調整バルブ 8 真空ポンプ 9 冷却回収装置 10 導出管 11 電源 12 黒鉛電極棒 13 黒鉛電極棒 1 decompression container 2 valve 3 flow meter 4 helium cylinder 5 oxygen atom-containing gas cylinder 6 supply line 7 pressure adjustment valve 8 vacuum pump 9 cooling and recovery device 10 outlet pipe 11 power supply 12 graphite electrode rod 13 graphite electrode rod

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 50〜200TorrのHe雰囲気系内に蒸
発炭素量に対してO/Cモル比が0.005〜0.10
になる範囲で酸素原子含有ガスを添加しながら炭素を蒸
発させることを特徴とするカーボンクラスターの製造方
法。
1. An O / C molar ratio of 0.005 to 0.10 with respect to the amount of evaporated carbon in a He atmosphere system of 50 to 200 Torr.
A method for producing carbon clusters, comprising: evaporating carbon while adding an oxygen atom-containing gas in the range of
【請求項2】 酸素原子含有ガスが、酸素(O2)、オゾン
(O3)、一酸化炭素(CO)または/および二酸化炭素(CO2)
である請求項1記載のカーボンクラスターの製造方法。
2. The oxygen atom-containing gas is oxygen (O 2 ), ozone
(O 3 ), carbon monoxide (CO) or / and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
The method for producing a carbon cluster according to claim 1, wherein
JP5023650A 1993-01-19 1993-01-19 Production of carbon cluster Pending JPH06211512A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5023650A JPH06211512A (en) 1993-01-19 1993-01-19 Production of carbon cluster

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06211512A true JPH06211512A (en) 1994-08-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP5023650A Pending JPH06211512A (en) 1993-01-19 1993-01-19 Production of carbon cluster

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002255524A (en) * 2001-03-01 2002-09-11 Sony Corp Method and apparatus for producing carbonaceous material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002255524A (en) * 2001-03-01 2002-09-11 Sony Corp Method and apparatus for producing carbonaceous material

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