JPH06165281A - Speaker equipment with directivity - Google Patents
Speaker equipment with directivityInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06165281A JPH06165281A JP30855192A JP30855192A JPH06165281A JP H06165281 A JPH06165281 A JP H06165281A JP 30855192 A JP30855192 A JP 30855192A JP 30855192 A JP30855192 A JP 30855192A JP H06165281 A JPH06165281 A JP H06165281A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- parallel line
- line group
- speaker
- straight
- speaker unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、指向性を有するスピー
カ装置に関し、特に円形のサービスエリアを有し、かつ
サービスエリア外のサイドローブが無いか、もしくはサ
イドローブのレベルが一定であるスピーカ装置に関する
ものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a speaker device having directivity, and particularly to a speaker device having a circular service area and having no side lobe outside the service area or having a constant side lobe level. It is about.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】展覧会場などで隣接するブースで異なる
説明を行なう場合や、駅の隣合うホームで異なるアナウ
ンスを行なう場合には、特定の場所にのみ強い音圧が得
られる指向性スピーカが有効である。2. Description of the Related Art Directional speakers that can obtain strong sound pressure only at a specific place are effective when different explanations are made at adjacent booths at exhibition halls or when different announcements are made at adjacent platforms at stations. Is.
【０００３】狭指向性を実現する手段としては、平面上
において、２組の等間隔の平行線群の交点によって作ら
れる格子点上に複数個のスピーカユニットを設け、各ス
ピーカユニットを同相、同レベルで駆動する方法が知ら
れている。以下、その構成について（図４）、（図５）
を参照しながら説明する。As means for realizing narrow directivity, a plurality of speaker units are provided on a grid point formed by intersections of two sets of parallel lines at equal intervals on a plane, and the speaker units are in-phase and in-phase. A method of driving at a level is known. Hereinafter, regarding the configuration (FIG. 4), (FIG. 5)
Will be described with reference to.
【０００４】（図４）は口径９．４ｃｍの６４個のスピ
ーカユニット１からなる指向性スピーカ装置で、各スピ
ーカユニットはｘｙ平面内において、２組の１１ｃｍ間
隔の８本の平行線群の交点によって作られる正方格子の
点上に配列されている。（図５）は、この指向性スピー
カ装置の各スピーカユニットに周波数１ｋＨｚの同相、
同レベルの信号を入力した場合の指向性スピーカ装置の
中心から６ｍの球殻上の音圧分布を示したものである。
球殻上の位置は、（図４）に示すような極座標（θ、
φ）で表し、（図５）では、軸上を基準とした相対音圧
レベルを縦軸に、θを横軸にとり、φが０度、３０度、
４５度、６０度、９０度の場合を図示した。FIG. 4 shows a directional speaker device consisting of 64 speaker units 1 each having a diameter of 9.4 cm. Each speaker unit has an intersection of two groups of eight parallel lines at 11 cm intervals in the xy plane. Are arranged on the points of a square lattice created by. (FIG. 5) shows that each speaker unit of this directional speaker device has an in-phase of a frequency of 1 kHz,
It shows the sound pressure distribution on a spherical shell 6 m from the center of the directional speaker device when signals of the same level are input.
The position on the spherical shell is polar coordinates (θ,
φ), and in (FIG. 5), the relative sound pressure level based on the axis is taken as the vertical axis and θ is taken as the horizontal axis, and φ is 0 degrees, 30 degrees,
The cases of 45 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees are illustrated.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら上記従来
の指向性スピーカ装置には次の様な課題があった。（図
５）において、例えばθが３０度の場合の音圧レベル
は、φ＝４５度のときは−４０ｄＢ、φ＝３０、６０度
のときは−２６ｄＢと十分な減衰が得られているのに対
し、φ＝０、９０度のときは−１３ｄＢしか減衰が得ら
れていない。また、θが他の角度でも、おおむねφ＝
０、９０度の場合は音圧レベルが高い。即ち、（図４）
のような指向性スピーカ装置を受聴した場合は、（図
４）におけるｘ軸、ｙ軸上で特に音圧レベルが高い、十
字状の等音圧線分布になり、角度φによって指向性の鋭
さやサイドローブのレベルが異なるという問題があっ
た。また、スピーカユニットを同心円状に配置した場合
には、同心円状の等音圧線分布となるが、製作コストが
高くなるという問題があった。However, the above-described conventional directional speaker device has the following problems. In FIG. 5, for example, when θ is 30 degrees, the sound pressure level is −40 dB when φ = 45 degrees, and −26 dB when φ = 30 and 60 degrees, which is sufficient attenuation. On the other hand, when φ = 0 and 90 degrees, the attenuation is only -13 dB. Also, if θ is another angle, generally φ =
In the case of 0 and 90 degrees, the sound pressure level is high. That is, (Fig. 4)
When a directional speaker device such as that shown in FIG. 4 is received, a cross-shaped isoacoustic line distribution having a particularly high sound pressure level on the x-axis and the y-axis in FIG. There was a problem that the level of the side lobe was different. Further, when the speaker units are arranged concentrically, the concentric isoacoustic line distribution is obtained, but there is a problem that the manufacturing cost becomes high.
【０００６】本発明では、上記の問題点に鑑み、ユニッ
トを格子状に配置しても、指向性の鋭さやサイドローブ
のレベルが角度φに関して一定で、円形のサービスエリ
アをもつ指向性スピーカ装置を提供するものである。In view of the above problems, the present invention has a directional speaker device having a circular service area in which the sharpness of the directivity and the level of the side lobes are constant with respect to the angle φ even when the units are arranged in a grid. Is provided.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の指向性スピーカ
装置は、上記目的を達成するために、平面上において、
等間隔に配置されたＮ本の直線からなる第１の平行線群
と、前記第１の平行線群に交差し、等間隔に配置された
Ｎ本の直線からなる第２の平行線群との交点によって構
成される格子点上に設けられた複数個のスピーカユニッ
トと、上記スピーカユニットを複数のチャンネルに分割
し、各チャンネルに所定の荷重関数をかけた信号を入力
するためのレベル設定器を有し、前記第１の平行線群お
よび第２の平行線群のそれぞれに、Ｎが奇数の時は中央
の直線を０番目、Ｎが偶数の時は最も中央に位置する２
本の直線を１番目として、中央から外側に向かって順に
昇順に番号をつけた時に、第１の平行線群のｉ番目の直
線と、第２の平行線群のｊ番目の直線との交点に位置す
るスピーカユニットへの入力レベルを（数３）の定数倍
とすることを特徴とするものである。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the directional speaker device of the present invention is provided with:
A first parallel line group consisting of N straight lines arranged at equal intervals, and a second parallel line group consisting of N straight lines intersecting with the first parallel line group and arranged at equal intervals A plurality of speaker units provided on a grid point formed by the intersections of the two, and a level setter for dividing the speaker unit into a plurality of channels and inputting a signal obtained by applying a predetermined weighting function to each channel. In each of the first parallel line group and the second parallel line group, the central straight line is located at the 0th position when N is an odd number, and is located at the most central position when N is an even number.
When the straight line of the book is taken as the first and numbers are given in ascending order from the center to the outside, the intersection point of the i-th straight line of the first parallel line group and the j-th straight line of the second parallel line group It is characterized in that the input level to the speaker unit located at is set to a constant multiple of (Equation 3).
【０００８】[0008]
【数３】 [Equation 3]
【０００９】また、本発明は、平面上において、等間隔
に配置されたＮ本の直線からなる第１の平行線群と、前
記第１の平行線群に交差し、等間隔に配置されたＮ本の
直線からなる第２の平行線群との交点によって構成され
る格子点上に設けられた複数個のスピーカユニットと、
上記スピーカユニットを複数のチャンネルに分割し、各
チャンネルに所定の荷重関数をかけた信号を入力するた
めのレベル設定器を有し、前記第１の平行線群および第
２の平行線群のそれぞれに、Ｎが奇数の時は中央の直線
を０番目、Ｎが偶数の時は最も中央に位置する２本の直
線を１番目として、中央から外側に向かって順に昇順に
番号をつけた時に、第１の平行線群のｉ番目の直線と、
第２の平行線群のｊ番目の直線との交点に位置するスピ
ーカユニットへの入力レベルを（数４）の定数倍とする
ことを特徴とするものである。Further, according to the present invention, a first parallel line group consisting of N straight lines arranged at equal intervals on a plane and the first parallel line group intersecting with each other are arranged at equal intervals. A plurality of speaker units provided on a grid point formed by intersections with a second parallel line group composed of N straight lines;
The speaker unit is divided into a plurality of channels, and each channel has a level setting device for inputting a signal applied with a predetermined weight function, and each of the first parallel line group and the second parallel line group. When N is an odd number, the central straight line is the 0th, and when N is an even number, the two centrally located straight lines are the 1st. The i-th straight line of the first parallel line group,
It is characterized in that the input level to the speaker unit located at the intersection with the j-th straight line of the second parallel line group is a constant multiple of (Equation 4).
【００１０】[0010]
【数４】 [Equation 4]
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】空間のある点における音圧は、各スピーカユニ
ットからの音の合成によって求められる。スピーカユニ
ットが直線上で等間隔に配置された場合の音圧の計算方
法は、例えば、早坂・吉川「音響振動論」丸善（１９７
４年）第５６９頁から第６０２頁に記載がある。これに
よると、チェビシェフの多項式を用いた指向特性の設計
方法では、各スピーカユニットに所定の荷重関数をかけ
た信号を入力することによって、サイドローブのレベル
を一定にすることが可能である。The sound pressure at a certain point in space is obtained by synthesizing the sounds from the speaker units. A method of calculating the sound pressure when the speaker units are arranged at equal intervals on a straight line is described in, for example, Hayasaka and Yoshikawa “Acoustic Vibration Theory” Maruzen (1971).
4 years) pp. 569 to 602. According to this, in the method of designing the directional characteristics using the Chebyshev polynomial, it is possible to make the side lobe level constant by inputting a signal applied with a predetermined weighting function to each speaker unit.
【００１２】本発明は、上記の設計方法を２次元に拡張
することによって、各スピーカユニットに、所定の荷重
関数をかけた信号を入力した場合の音圧分布を求めた結
果、指向性の鋭さやサイドローブのレベルの角度依存性
がなく、円形のサービスエリアをもつ指向性が得られた
ものである。According to the present invention, the sound pressure distribution obtained when a signal applied with a predetermined weighting function is input to each speaker unit by extending the above-described design method in two dimensions results in a sharp directivity. There is no angular dependence of the level of the side lobe and the side lobe, and the directivity with a circular service area is obtained.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例について（図１）と共
に説明する。EXAMPLE An example of the present invention will be described below (FIG. 1).
【００１４】（図１）において、１は口径９．４ｃｍの
スピーカユニットであり、６４個がｘｙ平面内におい
て、２組の１１ｃｍ間隔の８本の平行線群の交点によっ
て作られる正方格子の点上に（図４）と同様に配列され
ている。２は各スピーカユニット毎に設けられた入力レ
ベル（ゲイン）設定器であり、３はアンプ、４は信号源
である。In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a speaker unit having a diameter of 9.4 cm, 64 of which are points of a square lattice formed by intersections of two groups of 8 parallel lines at 11 cm intervals in the xy plane. It is arranged as above (FIG. 4). Reference numeral 2 is an input level (gain) setting device provided for each speaker unit, 3 is an amplifier, and 4 is a signal source.
【００１５】各スピーカユニット１へは、入力レベルに
対する荷重関数を（数３）において、Ｎ＝８、ａ＝１．
１８０７とした。ａをこの値に設定することで、サイド
ローブのレベルは−３０ｄＢに設定される。この場合の
各スピーカユニットへの入力レベルを（表１）に示す。For each speaker unit 1, the weighting function with respect to the input level is given by (Equation 3), N = 8, a = 1.
1807. By setting a to this value, the sidelobe level is set to -30 dB. The input level to each speaker unit in this case is shown in (Table 1).
【００１６】[0016]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１７】（図２）は、この指向性スピーカ装置の周
波数１ｋＨｚの信号を入力した場合の、指向性スピーカ
装置の中心から６ｍの球殻上の音圧分布を（図５）と同
様に示したものである。（図２）の音圧分布は、角度φ
に関してほとんど変化が無く、サイドローブのレベルが
−３０ｄＢで一定であり、（図５）と比較して特定の方
向で指向性が不十分であるといった問題がなく、円形の
サービスエリアが得られる。(FIG. 2) shows a sound pressure distribution on a spherical shell 6 m from the center of the directional speaker device when a signal having a frequency of 1 kHz is input to this directional speaker device, similarly to (FIG. 5). It is a thing. The sound pressure distribution in (Fig. 2) is the angle φ.
, The side lobe level is constant at −30 dB, and there is no problem that directivity is insufficient in a specific direction as compared with (FIG. 5), and a circular service area can be obtained.
【００１８】以下、本発明の第２の実施例を示す。本実
施例として、荷重関数が（数４）においてＮ＝８の場合
を示すが、本実施例の指向性スピーカ装置において周波
数１ｋＨｚの信号を入力した場合の、指向性スピーカ装
置の中心から６ｍの球殻上の音圧分布を（図３）に示
す。音圧分布は（図５）と同様に示したものである。こ
の場合の各スピーカユニットへの入力レベルを（表２）
に示す。The second embodiment of the present invention will be described below. In the present embodiment, the case where the weighting function is N = 8 in (Equation 4) is shown, but when the signal of frequency 1 kHz is input to the directional speaker device of the present embodiment, 6 m from the center of the directional speaker device. The sound pressure distribution on the spherical shell is shown in (Fig. 3). The sound pressure distribution is the same as shown in (FIG. 5). Input level to each speaker unit in this case (Table 2)
Shown in.
【００１９】[0019]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２０】（図３）の音圧分布は、第１の実施例と同
じく角度φに関してほとんど変化が無く、また第１の実
施例に比較してサービスエリアが広がり、サイドローブ
が発生しない特徴がある。The sound pressure distribution shown in FIG. 3 has almost no change with respect to the angle φ as in the first embodiment, and the service area is wider and side lobes are not generated as compared with the first embodiment. is there.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】以上のように、本発明の指向性スピーカ
装置は、平面上において、２組の等間隔の平行線群の交
点によって作られる格子点上に複数個のスピーカユニッ
トを設け、さらに各スピーカユニットに所定の荷重関数
をかけた信号を入力する手段を備えたことにより、指向
性の鋭さやサイドローブのレベルの角度依存性がなく、
円形のサービスエリアをもつ指向性が得られる。As described above, the directional speaker device of the present invention is provided with a plurality of speaker units on a grid point formed by the intersections of two groups of parallel lines at equal intervals on a plane. By providing each speaker unit with a means for inputting a signal applied with a predetermined weight function, there is no sharpness of directivity or angle dependence of the sidelobe level,
Directivity with a circular service area is obtained.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】本発明の第１の実施例の構成を示すブロック図FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第１の実施例における音圧分布を示す
図FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a sound pressure distribution in the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の第２の実施例における音圧分布を示す
図FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a sound pressure distribution in the second embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】指向性スピーカ装置のスピーカユニットの配置
を示す図FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an arrangement of speaker units of a directional speaker device.
【図５】従来の指向性スピーカ装置の音圧分布を示す図FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a sound pressure distribution of a conventional directional speaker device.
１ スピーカユニット ２ 入力レベル設定器 ３ アンプ ４ 信号源 1 Speaker unit 2 Input level setting device 3 Amplifier 4 Signal source
Claims (2)
の直線からなる第１の平行線群と、前記第１の平行線群
に交差し、等間隔に配置されたＮ本の直線からなる第２
の平行線群との交点によって構成される格子点上に設け
られた複数個のスピーカユニットと、上記スピーカユニ
ットを複数のチャンネルに分割し、各チャンネルに所定
の荷重関数をかけた信号を入力するためのレベル設定器
を有し、前記第１の平行線群および第２の平行線群のそ
れぞれに、Ｎが奇数の時は中央の直線を０番目、Ｎが偶
数の時は最も中央に位置する２本の直線を１番目とし
て、中央から外側に向かって順に昇順に番号をつけた時
に、第１の平行線群のｉ番目の直線と、第２の平行線群
のｊ番目の直線との交点に位置するスピーカユニットへ
の入力レベルを（数１）の定数倍とすることを特徴とす
る指向性スピーカ装置。 【数１】 1. A first parallel line group consisting of N straight lines arranged at equal intervals on a plane, and N straight lines intersecting with the first parallel line group and arranged at equal intervals. The second consisting of
, A plurality of speaker units provided on a lattice point formed by the intersections of the parallel line groups, and the speaker unit is divided into a plurality of channels, and a signal obtained by applying a predetermined weighting function to each channel is input. For each of the first parallel line group and the second parallel line group, the central straight line is located at the 0th position when N is an odd number, and is located at the most central position when N is an even number. When the two straight lines are set as the first and are numbered in ascending order from the center to the outside, the i-th straight line of the first parallel line group and the j-th straight line of the second parallel line group A directional speaker device characterized in that the input level to the speaker unit located at the intersection of is a constant multiple of (Equation 1). [Equation 1]
の直線からなる第１の平行線群と、前記第１の平行線群
に交差し、等間隔に配置されたＮ本の直線からなる第２
の平行線群との交点によって構成される格子点上に設け
られた複数個のスピーカユニットと、上記スピーカユニ
ットを複数のチャンネルに分割し、各チャンネルに所定
の荷重関数をかけた信号を入力するためのレベル設定器
を有し、前記第１の平行線群および第２の平行線群のそ
れぞれに、Ｎが奇数の時は中央の直線を０番目、Ｎが偶
数の時は最も中央に位置する２本の直線を１番目とし
て、中央から外側に向かって順に昇順に番号をつけた時
に、第１の平行線群のｉ番目の直線と、第２の平行線群
のｊ番目の直線との交点に位置するスピーカユニットへ
の入力レベルを（数２）の定数倍とすることを特徴とす
る指向性スピーカ装置。 【数２】 2. A first parallel line group consisting of N straight lines arranged at equal intervals on a plane, and N straight lines intersecting with the first parallel line group and arranged at equal intervals. The second consisting of
, A plurality of speaker units provided on a lattice point formed by the intersections of the parallel line groups, and the speaker unit is divided into a plurality of channels, and a signal obtained by applying a predetermined weight function to each channel is input. For each of the first parallel line group and the second parallel line group, the central straight line is located at the 0th position when N is an odd number, and is located at the most central position when N is an even number. When the two straight lines are set as the first and are numbered in ascending order from the center to the outside, the i-th straight line of the first parallel line group and the j-th straight line of the second parallel line group A directional speaker device characterized in that the input level to the speaker unit located at the intersection of is a constant multiple of (Equation 2). [Equation 2]
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30855192A JPH06165281A (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1992-11-18 | Speaker equipment with directivity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30855192A JPH06165281A (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1992-11-18 | Speaker equipment with directivity |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06165281A true JPH06165281A (en) | 1994-06-10 |
Family
ID=17982397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30855192A Pending JPH06165281A (en) | 1992-11-18 | 1992-11-18 | Speaker equipment with directivity |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06165281A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008252189A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-16 | Kanazawa Univ | Speaker array and speaker array system |
| US11172317B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2021-11-09 | Dolby International Ab | Method and apparatus for decoding stereo loudspeaker signals from a higher-order ambisonics audio signal |
-
1992
- 1992-11-18 JP JP30855192A patent/JPH06165281A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008252189A (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-16 | Kanazawa Univ | Speaker array and speaker array system |
| US11172317B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2021-11-09 | Dolby International Ab | Method and apparatus for decoding stereo loudspeaker signals from a higher-order ambisonics audio signal |
| US12010501B2 (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2024-06-11 | Dolby International Ab | Method and apparatus for decoding stereo loudspeaker signals from a higher-order Ambisonics audio signal |
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