JPH06152947A - Image processor - Google Patents

Image processor

Info

Publication number
JPH06152947A
JPH06152947A JP4302431A JP30243192A JPH06152947A JP H06152947 A JPH06152947 A JP H06152947A JP 4302431 A JP4302431 A JP 4302431A JP 30243192 A JP30243192 A JP 30243192A JP H06152947 A JPH06152947 A JP H06152947A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
pixel
line
error diffusion
determination unit
picture element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP4302431A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masayuki Tanaka
公幸 田中
Nobuhito Matsushiro
信人 松代
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
Priority to JP4302431A priority Critical patent/JPH06152947A/en
Publication of JPH06152947A publication Critical patent/JPH06152947A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the image processor of multilevel images for which the chipping and collapse of thin lines are not generated by removing a problem that the fine lines of a character and a graphic are thinned. CONSTITUTION:An edge judging part 10 judges whether or not a picture element under consideration is an edge and a line component judging part 20 judges whether or not the picture element under consideration is a part of a line based on edge information. An error diffusion method binarization processing part 30 performs a binarization processing by an error diffusion method. An output value deciding part 40 decides that the picture element under consideration is a white or black picture element based on the result of the line component judging part 20 when it is judged that the picture element under consideration is a part of the line by the line component judging part 20, decides that the picture element under consideration is the white or the black picture element based on the processing result of the error diffusion method binarization processing part 30 when it is judged that the picture element under consideration is not a part of the line and outputs it. Thus, the generation of the chipping of a dot in the fine line of the character and the graphic can be prevented.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、中間調の濃度を含む
多値画像を中間調2値化方法を用いて白、黒への2値化
処理を行なう画像処理装置に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus for binarizing a multi-valued image including halftone density into white and black by using a halftone binarizing method.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、この種の分野の技術としては、例
えば、プロシーディング オブ ザソサイエティ フォ
ー インフォメーション ディスプレイ (Proceeding of the S.I.
D),17/2、1976、Floyd and St
einberug”アン アダプティブ アルゴリズム
フォー スペイシャル グレイスケール” (An adaptive Algorithm fo
r SpatialGrayscale)pp.75−
77 に記載されるものがあった。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a technique of this type of field, for example, Proceeding of the Society for Information Display (Proceeding of the SI.
D), 17/2, 1976, Floyd and St.
einberg "Unadaptive Algorithm Force Spatial Grayscale" (An adaptive Algorithm fo)
r Spatial Grayscale) pp. 75-
77.

【0003】従来、ディジタルファクシミリ等の画像処
理装置においては、文字・図形等と共に文書中に混在す
る網点写真や銀塩写真を疑似的に2値で表現するための
2値化方法が用いられている。
Conventionally, an image processing apparatus such as a digital facsimile has used a binarization method for pseudo-binary representation of a halftone dot photograph and a silver salt photograph mixed in a document together with characters and figures. ing.

【0004】この2値化方法には、前記文献に記載され
ているように、誤差拡散法が知られている。誤差拡散法
には、2値化する入力画素の濃度値と出力画素の濃度値
との差を誤差として、2値化した画素の周辺画素に重み
付けを施した後に加算し、その加算値を入力画素値とし
て固定閾値で2値化する方法である。その方法を図4及
び図5に示す。
As this binarization method, as described in the above-mentioned document, an error diffusion method is known. In the error diffusion method, the difference between the density value of the input pixel to be binarized and the density value of the output pixel is used as an error, the peripheral pixels of the binarized pixel are weighted and then added, and the added value is input. This is a method of binarizing a pixel value with a fixed threshold. The method is shown in FIGS.

【0005】図4は、1次元の誤差拡散法を示す図であ
る。図4において、入力画素の濃度Nに対する処理方向
は、図の左から右への方向である。先ず第1の画素11
は固定閾値THより大きいので黒と出力される。ここ
で、黒は図4の上に示す線の値(スキャナのダイナミッ
クレンジの最大値)であり、これと入力値との差が誤差
Eとなる。この誤差Eに、誤差を拡散させる画素が1つ
なので、重率1を掛けて右隣の第2の画素12に加算す
る。第2の画素12は、前記誤差Eを加算された後の値
を固定閾値THで2値化する。ここでの出力は白であ
り、生じた誤差Eを隣の第3の画素13に加算する。こ
の様にして順次誤差Eを加算して固定閾値THで2値化
するのが、1次元の誤差拡散法である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a one-dimensional error diffusion method. In FIG. 4, the processing direction for the density N of the input pixel is from left to right in the drawing. First, the first pixel 11
Is larger than the fixed threshold TH, and is output as black. Here, black is the value of the line shown in the upper part of FIG. 4 (the maximum value of the dynamic range of the scanner), and the difference between this and the input value is the error E. Since this error E has only one pixel in which the error is diffused, it is multiplied by the multiplication factor 1 and added to the second pixel 12 on the right side. The second pixel 12 binarizes the value after the error E is added with the fixed threshold value TH. The output here is white, and the generated error E is added to the adjacent third pixel 13. In this way, the one-dimensional error diffusion method is one in which the error E is sequentially added and binarized with the fixed threshold value TH.

【0006】図5は2次元の誤差拡散法の説明図であ
り、主走査方向X及び副走査方向Yとして、着目画素1
に対して誤差を拡散させる近傍画素1A,1B,1C、
1Dとこれらの近傍画素に対する重率7/16、3/1
6、5/16、1/16が示されている。この2次元の
誤差拡散法では、1次元の誤差拡散法と同様に(入力値
−出力値)の誤差を求め、求めた誤差に所定の重率を掛
けて走査方向X,Yの画素に加算し、その加算値を固定
閾値THで2値化するようにしている。
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the two-dimensional error diffusion method, in which the pixel of interest 1 is defined as the main scanning direction X and the sub scanning direction Y.
Neighboring pixels 1A, 1B, 1C that diffuse the error with respect to
1D and the weight ratio for these neighboring pixels 7/16, 3/1
6, 5/16 and 1/16 are shown. In this two-dimensional error diffusion method, an error of (input value-output value) is calculated in the same manner as in the one-dimensional error diffusion method, and the calculated error is multiplied by a predetermined weighting factor and added to the pixels in the scanning directions X and Y. Then, the added value is binarized with the fixed threshold value TH.

【0007】[0007]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、従来の
誤差拡散法を用いた画像処理装置では、2値化する入力
画素の濃度値と出力画素の濃度値との差を誤差として、
2値化した画素の周辺画素に単に重み付けを施した後に
2値化するため、文字や図形の細い線がかすれるという
問題があり、それを解決するのが困難であった。
However, in the image processing apparatus using the conventional error diffusion method, the difference between the density value of the input pixel to be binarized and the density value of the output pixel is regarded as an error.
Since the peripheral pixels of the binarized pixel are simply weighted and then binarized, there is a problem that thin lines of characters and figures are faint, which is difficult to solve.

【0008】この発明は上記欠点を除去し、細線の欠け
や潰れが生じないような多値画像の画像処理装置を提供
することを目的とする。
An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide an image processing apparatus for a multi-valued image in which fine lines are not chipped or crushed.

【0009】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】この発明は、前記課題を
解決するために、着目画素の濃度値と近傍画素の濃度値
との差に基づいて当該着目画素がエッジであるか否かを
判定するエッジ判定部と、前記エッジ情報に基づいて当
該着目画素が線分の一部であるか否かを判定する線要素
判定部と、誤差拡散法による2値化処理を行なう誤差拡
散法2値化処理部と、前記線要素判定部により当該着目
画素が線分の一部と判定されたときには誤差拡散法2値
化処理部の処理結果に無関係に線要素判定部の結果に基
づき当該着目画素を白叉は黒画素と決定し、前記線要素
判定部により当該着目画素が線分の一部ではないと判定
されたときには前記誤差拡散法2値化処理部の処理結果
に基づき当該着目画素を白叉は黒画素と決定して出力す
る出力値決定部とを備えたものである。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention determines whether or not the pixel of interest is an edge based on the difference between the density value of the pixel of interest and the density value of neighboring pixels. An edge determining unit that determines whether the pixel of interest is a part of a line segment based on the edge information, and an error diffusion method binary that performs binarization processing by the error diffusion method. When the pixel of interest is determined to be a part of a line segment by the digitization processing unit and the line element determination unit, the pixel of interest is determined based on the result of the line element determination unit regardless of the processing result of the error diffusion binarization processing unit. Is determined to be a white pixel or a black pixel, and when the line element determination unit determines that the target pixel is not a part of a line segment, the target pixel is determined based on the processing result of the error diffusion binarization processing unit. An output value determination unit that determines and outputs white pixels as black pixels It includes those were.

【0010】[0010]

【作用】この発明によれば、エッジ判定部が着目画素の
濃度値と近傍画素の濃度値との差に基づいて当該着目画
素がエッジであるか否かを判定し、前記エッジ情報に基
づいて当該着目画素が線分の一部であるか否かを線要素
判定部が判定する。誤差拡散法2値化処理部は誤差拡散
法による2値化処理を行なう。出力値決定部は前記線要
素判定部により当該着目画素が線分の一部と判定された
ときには、線要素判定部の結果に基づき当該着目画素を
白叉は黒画素と決定し、前記線要素判定部により当該着
目画素が線分の一部ではないと判定されたときには誤差
拡散法2値化処理部の処理結果に基づき当該着目画素を
白叉は黒画素と決定して出力するので文字や図形の細か
い線分においてドットの欠けが発生するのを防止するこ
とができ、前記課題が解決される。
According to the present invention, the edge determining unit determines whether or not the pixel of interest is an edge based on the difference between the density value of the pixel of interest and the density value of the neighboring pixel, and based on the edge information. The line element determination unit determines whether or not the pixel of interest is a part of a line segment. The error diffusion method binarization processing unit performs binarization processing by the error diffusion method. When the line element determination unit determines that the pixel of interest is a part of a line segment, the output value determination unit determines the pixel of interest as a white or black pixel based on the result of the line element determination unit, and the line element When the determination unit determines that the pixel of interest is not part of a line segment, the pixel of interest is determined to be a white or black pixel based on the processing result of the error diffusion binarization processing unit and is output. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of dot defects in fine line segments of a figure, and the above problem is solved.

【0011】[0011]

【実施例】図1に本発明による画像処理装置の実施例の
機能ブロック図を示す。この機能ブロック図はエッジ判
定部10、線要素判定部20、誤差拡散法2値化処理部
30、出力値決定部40から構成される。尚、入力画像
データは8ビット/画素である。
1 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of an image processing apparatus according to the present invention. This functional block diagram includes an edge determination unit 10, a line element determination unit 20, an error diffusion method binarization processing unit 30, and an output value determination unit 40. The input image data is 8 bits / pixel.

【0012】エッジ判定部10は、着目画素がエッジで
あるか否かを、当該着目画素の濃度値と近傍画素の濃度
値との濃度差を調べることにより判定する。このエッジ
判定方法について、以下詳述する。先ず、着目画素に対
して8個の近傍画素で次式(1)を評価する。 g(i,j)−n(i+x,j+y)>[thl・(1−R・g(i,j)) ] (1 ) 但し、g(i,j)は着目画素の濃度値を表し、n(i
+x,j+y)は各近傍画素の濃度値を表している。ま
た、x及びyは−1、0、1(但しx=y≠0)の各値
をとり、[]はガウス記号、Rは着目画素の関与度合い
を決める係数(0〜1.0)、thlはエッジ判定閾値
である。
The edge determination unit 10 determines whether or not the pixel of interest is an edge by examining the density difference between the density value of the pixel of interest and the density value of the neighboring pixels. This edge determination method will be described in detail below. First, the following expression (1) is evaluated using 8 neighboring pixels for the pixel of interest. g (i, j) -n (i + x, j + y)> [thl. (1-R.g (i, j))] (1) where g (i, j) represents the density value of the pixel of interest, n (i
+ X, j + y) represents the density value of each neighboring pixel. Further, x and y take respective values of -1, 0, 1 (where x = y ≠ 0), [] is a Gaussian symbol, R is a coefficient (0 to 1.0) that determines the degree of involvement of the pixel of interest, thl is an edge determination threshold value.

【0013】上式(1)が成立した近傍画素は着目画素
に対して、白エッジと判定する。白エッジと判定される
のは、着目画素の濃度値が近傍画素より高い場合であ
る。着目画素の濃度値が近傍画素より低い黒エッジの判
定も白エッジの判定と同様に下式(2)により行う。 n(i+x,j+y)−g(i,j)>[thl・(1−R・g(i,j)) ] (2 ) 上記式(1)及び(2)を用いた判定で得られた近傍画
素のエッジ情報は線要素判定部20に出力される。
A neighboring pixel satisfying the above equation (1) is determined as a white edge with respect to the pixel of interest. The white edge is determined when the density value of the target pixel is higher than that of the neighboring pixel. Similarly to the determination of the white edge, the determination of the black edge in which the density value of the pixel of interest is lower than that of the neighboring pixel is performed by the following expression (2). n (i + x, j + y) -g (i, j)> [thl. (1-R.g (i, j))] (2) Obtained by the determination using the above formulas (1) and (2). The edge information of the neighboring pixels is output to the line element determination unit 20.

【0014】線要素判定部20はエッジ判定部10より
得られたエッジ情報から、着目画素が線分の一部である
か否かの判定を行う。判定は、近傍8画素の黒エッジと
白エッジの分布と予め設定しておいた線パターンとのマ
ッチングを行い、一致すれば線要素と判定するものであ
る。図2に線パターンの一例を示す。図2(a)は、あ
る任意の線パターンのエッジの分布を示し、図2(b)
は白エッジの分布がこの線パターンに一致する場合の実
際の画像であり、図2(c)は黒エッジの分布がこの線
パターンに一致する場合の実際の画像である。線パター
ンに白エッジの分布が一致した場合には、出力値決定部
40に信号「11」を出力し、黒エッジの分布が一致し
た場合には、出力値決定部40に「10」を出力する。
また、いずれのエッジの分布も一致しなかった場合には
出力値決定部40に信号「00」を出力する。
The line element determination unit 20 determines from the edge information obtained by the edge determination unit 10 whether the pixel of interest is a part of a line segment. The determination is performed by matching the distribution of the black and white edges of the neighboring 8 pixels with a preset line pattern, and if they match, it is determined as a line element. FIG. 2 shows an example of the line pattern. FIG. 2A shows the distribution of edges of an arbitrary line pattern, and FIG.
2C is an actual image when the distribution of white edges matches this line pattern, and FIG. 2C is an actual image when the distribution of black edges matches this line pattern. When the white edge distribution matches the line pattern, the signal "11" is output to the output value determining unit 40, and when the black edge distribution matches, the output value determining unit 40 outputs "10". To do.
If the distributions of the edges do not match, the signal “00” is output to the output value determination unit 40.

【0015】誤差拡散2値化処理部30は、入力された
画像の着目画素の濃度値と近傍画素の濃度値の情報を基
に前述の従来方法である2次元の誤差拡散法を行い、各
着目画素の「1」(黒)又は「0」(白)のいずれかの
出力信号を出力値決定部に出力する。
The error diffusion binarization processing unit 30 performs the two-dimensional error diffusion method, which is the conventional method described above, based on the information of the density value of the pixel of interest and the density value of the neighboring pixels of the input image. The output signal of either "1" (black) or "0" (white) of the pixel of interest is output to the output value determination unit.

【0016】出力値決定部40は、線要素判定部20と
誤差拡散2値化処理部30の各出力値の比較を行い、最
終的な着目画素の出力値として「1」(黒)ないし
「0」(白)の決定を行う。その時の判定基準は、線要
素判定部20の出力信号が「11」又は「10」であれ
ば線要素判定部20の判定結果を採用し最終的な出力値
とする。例えば、誤差拡散法2値化処理部30の出力値
が「1」であった場合に線要素判定部の出力値が「0
0」ならば、誤差拡散法2値化処理部30の出力値
「1」を採用し、線要素判定部20の出力値が「11」
または「10」ならば、誤差拡散2値化処理部30の出
力値には関係なく、線要素判定部20の結果を最終的な
出力値とする。また、誤差拡散2値化処理部30に於け
る誤差拡散法の拡散誤差は、着目画素値の最終的な値に
関係なく誤差拡散法による結果に基づいた誤差を拡散誤
差として近傍画素に分配する。
The output value determination unit 40 compares the output values of the line element determination unit 20 and the error diffusion binarization processing unit 30, and outputs "1" (black) or "1" as the final output value of the pixel of interest. 0 ”(white) is determined. As a determination criterion at that time, if the output signal of the line element determination unit 20 is “11” or “10”, the determination result of the line element determination unit 20 is adopted as the final output value. For example, when the output value of the error diffusion binarization processing unit 30 is “1”, the output value of the line element determination unit is “0”.
If it is "0", the output value "1" of the error diffusion binarization processing unit 30 is adopted, and the output value of the line element determination unit 20 is "11".
Alternatively, if "10", the result of the line element determination unit 20 is set as the final output value regardless of the output value of the error diffusion binarization processing unit 30. Further, regarding the diffusion error of the error diffusion method in the error diffusion binarization processing unit 30, an error based on the result of the error diffusion method is distributed to neighboring pixels as a diffusion error regardless of the final value of the pixel value of interest. .

【0017】[0017]

【発明の効果】以上詳細に述べたように、本発明によれ
ば、着目画素が線要素であるか否かに基づいて出力値を
決定するため、従来の誤差拡散法では欠落した線要素の
輪郭を残すことができ、線分が欠けて見えるのを防止す
ることが可能である。図3は画像処理結果の例を示す図
であり、図3(a)が従来の方法による結果であり、図
3(b)が本発明の方法による処理結果である。図から
明らかなように本発明による処理結果の方が細線部にお
けるドットの欠落が少なくなっている。また、エッジ判
定閾値を可変にすることにより、従来技術の特徴である
網点写真や銀塩写真の階調再現性をノイズ成分やモアレ
の強調により劣化させてしまうのを防止することができ
るという効果もある。
As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the output value is determined based on whether or not the pixel of interest is a line element. The contour can be left and it is possible to prevent the line segment from appearing chipped. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the image processing result, FIG. 3 (a) is the result by the conventional method, and FIG. 3 (b) is the processing result by the method of the present invention. As is clear from the figure, the number of dots missing in the thin line portion is smaller in the processing result according to the present invention. Further, by making the edge determination threshold variable, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the gradation reproducibility of halftone dot photographs and silver salt photographs, which is a feature of the conventional technology, due to the emphasis of noise components and moire. There is also an effect.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】実施例の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment.

【図2】線要素抽出の説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of line element extraction.

【図3】処理結果の一例を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing result.

【図4】1次元誤差拡散法の説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a one-dimensional error diffusion method.

【図5】2次元誤差拡散法の説明図である。FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a two-dimensional error diffusion method.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

10 エッジ判定部 20 線要素判定部 30 誤差拡散法2値化処理部 40 出力値決定部 10 edge determination unit 20 line element determination unit 30 error diffusion binarization processing unit 40 output value determination unit

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 着目画素の濃度値と近傍画素の濃度値と
の差に基づいて当該着目画素がエッジであるか否かを判
定するエッジ判定部と、 前記エッジ情報に基づいて当該着目画素が線分の一部で
あるか否かを判定する線要素判定部と、 誤差拡散法による2値化処理を行なう誤差拡散法2値化
処理部と、 前記線要素判定部により当該着目画素が線分の一部と判
定されたときには誤差拡散法2値化処理部の処理結果に
無関係に線要素判定部の結果に基づき当該着目画素を白
叉は黒画素と決定し、前記線要素判定部により当該着目
画素が線分の一部ではないと判定されたときには前記誤
差拡散法2値化処理部の処理結果に基づき当該着目画素
を白叉は黒画素と決定して出力する出力値決定部とを備
えたことを特徴とする画像処理装置。
1. An edge determination unit that determines whether or not the target pixel is an edge based on a difference between a density value of the target pixel and a density value of a neighboring pixel, and the target pixel based on the edge information. A line element determination unit that determines whether or not it is a part of a line segment, an error diffusion binarization processing unit that performs binarization processing by an error diffusion method, and the line element determination unit determines that the pixel of interest is a line. When it is determined to be a part of the minute, the target pixel is determined to be a white or black pixel based on the result of the line element determination unit regardless of the processing result of the error diffusion binarization processing unit, and the line element determination unit determines When it is determined that the pixel of interest is not a part of a line segment, an output value determination unit that determines and outputs the pixel of interest as a white or black pixel based on the processing result of the error diffusion binarization processing unit. An image processing apparatus comprising:
JP4302431A 1992-11-12 1992-11-12 Image processor Pending JPH06152947A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4302431A JPH06152947A (en) 1992-11-12 1992-11-12 Image processor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4302431A JPH06152947A (en) 1992-11-12 1992-11-12 Image processor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH06152947A true JPH06152947A (en) 1994-05-31

Family

ID=17908846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4302431A Pending JPH06152947A (en) 1992-11-12 1992-11-12 Image processor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH06152947A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0844783A2 (en) * 1996-11-20 1998-05-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Image processing device performing the conversion of gradation values by means of error diffusion method
US6791717B1 (en) 1998-08-28 2004-09-14 Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha Image processing apparatus for performing pseudo-halftone processing and image processing method
US10205850B2 (en) 2016-09-22 2019-02-12 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image processor and storage medium storing program

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0844783A2 (en) * 1996-11-20 1998-05-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Image processing device performing the conversion of gradation values by means of error diffusion method
EP0844783A3 (en) * 1996-11-20 2000-10-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Image processing device performing the conversion of gradation values by means of error diffusion method
US6791717B1 (en) 1998-08-28 2004-09-14 Toshiba Tec Kabushiki Kaisha Image processing apparatus for performing pseudo-halftone processing and image processing method
US10205850B2 (en) 2016-09-22 2019-02-12 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Image processor and storage medium storing program

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