JPH05313401A - Toner and production of toner - Google Patents

Toner and production of toner

Info

Publication number
JPH05313401A
JPH05313401A JP4121821A JP12182192A JPH05313401A JP H05313401 A JPH05313401 A JP H05313401A JP 4121821 A JP4121821 A JP 4121821A JP 12182192 A JP12182192 A JP 12182192A JP H05313401 A JPH05313401 A JP H05313401A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
pigment
wall member
particle size
polymerizable monomers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP4121821A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasuhiro Hattori
康弘 服部
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brother Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Brother Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brother Industries Ltd filed Critical Brother Industries Ltd
Priority to JP4121821A priority Critical patent/JPH05313401A/en
Publication of JPH05313401A publication Critical patent/JPH05313401A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a toner having a uniform small particle size and uniformly containing an enough amt. of pigment which can give good resolution and picture density and to obtain the production method of this toner by using a hydrophobic material with dispersion of pigment for the core material and using a thermoplastic resin for the wall member of the toner particle. CONSTITUTION:The microcapsule-type toner 1 consists of a wall member 2 and a core material 3 sealed in the wall member. The core material 3 consists of a hydrophobic material 5 with dispersion of pigment 4. The wall member consists of a thermoplastic resin, for example, polystyrene, styrene-acrylate copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, etc. The toner is produced by mixing polymerizable monomers and the hydrophobic material 5 with dispersion of pigment 4 and emulsifying the mixture in water to polymerize the polymerizable monomers to form the wall member 2. In the production process, the pigment 4 and the polymerizable monomers are not directly mixed because of the presence of the hydrophobic material 5. Therefore, polymn. reaction of polymerizable monomers is not inhibited by the pigment, a uniform toner having a small particle size is obtd.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、複写機、プリンターな
どの画像形成装置に用いられるトナーの製造方法に関す
る。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing toner used in image forming apparatuses such as copying machines and printers.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、複写機、プリンターなどの画像形
成装置の中で、電子写真方式、静電記録方式、直接記録
方式などの方法で画像形成を行う装置では、熱可塑性樹
脂にカーボンブラックなどの顔料が含有されて成る、い
わゆるトナー粒子によって受像紙に画像を形成してい
る。このトナーの製造方法は、従来以下のような粉砕法
であった。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, among image forming apparatuses such as copying machines and printers, in an apparatus that forms an image by a method such as an electrophotographic method, an electrostatic recording method, or a direct recording method, carbon black or the like is used as a thermoplastic resin. An image is formed on the image receiving paper by so-called toner particles containing the above pigment. The method of manufacturing this toner has heretofore been the following pulverization method.

【0003】すなわちボールミル、ロールミルなどによ
って、熱可塑性樹脂にカーボンブラックなどの顔料、荷
電制御剤、その他の添加剤を混練分散させ、ハンマーミ
ル、振動ミルなどによって粉砕し、形状の制御あるいは
各種機能性を付与するための表面処理を行った後、幅広
い粒径分布の粒子の中から、所望の粒径の範囲を分級し
て、例えば粒径10〜15μmのトナーが得られるので
ある。
That is, a pigment such as carbon black, a charge control agent and other additives are kneaded and dispersed in a thermoplastic resin by a ball mill, a roll mill or the like, and pulverized by a hammer mill, a vibration mill or the like to control the shape or various functionalities. After performing a surface treatment for imparting the toner, a desired particle size range is classified from particles having a wide particle size distribution to obtain a toner having a particle size of 10 to 15 μm, for example.

【0004】さて近年、高画質化つまり画像分解能の向
上が求められ、トナーはその粒径が従来よりも小さい5
〜8μmのものが必要となっている。しかし、前記の粉
砕法に於いては、このように小粒径のトナーを製造しよ
うとすると、粉砕が困難である上に、粉砕された粒子の
凝集が生じ、さらに分級によって得ようとすると収量が
少なく、したがってトナーの歩留まりが悪く高コストに
なっていた。
In recent years, it has been required to improve the image quality, that is, to improve the image resolution, and the toner has a smaller particle size than the conventional one.
-8 μm is required. However, in the above pulverization method, when it is attempted to produce a toner having such a small particle diameter, the pulverization is difficult, and the pulverized particles are aggregated. Therefore, the yield of toner was poor and the cost was high.

【0005】そのため、いわゆる重合法と呼ばれるよう
な、重合性単量体にカーボンブラックなどの顔料を混合
し、乳化重合、あるいは懸濁重合によって重合体粒子を
得る方法が特開昭56−154738号公報などに提案
されている。この重合法は前記粉砕法に比較して、粒径
の制御が容易で、小粒径のトナーを製造し易いという利
点がある。
Therefore, a so-called polymerization method in which a pigment such as carbon black is mixed with a polymerizable monomer to obtain polymer particles by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization is disclosed in JP-A-56-154738. It is proposed in the bulletin. Compared with the pulverization method, this polymerization method has an advantage that the particle diameter can be easily controlled and a toner having a small particle diameter can be easily manufactured.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、一般に
顔料を重合性単量体に均一に分散させることは容易では
ない。したがって、前記の重合法で製造されるトナー粒
子は粒径が満足できるものであっても、含有される顔料
の量が不均一であり、高品位の画像を形成することはで
きなかった。さらに、代表的な黒色顔料であるカーボン
ブラックは、上記懸濁重合において重合禁止剤として作
用するので、カーボンブラックを含む系では重合反応が
おきにくく、均一な粒径の粒子を得ることは困難であっ
た。
However, it is generally not easy to uniformly disperse the pigment in the polymerizable monomer. Therefore, even if the toner particles produced by the above-mentioned polymerization method have a satisfactory particle size, the amount of pigment contained is non-uniform, and it is not possible to form a high-quality image. Furthermore, since carbon black, which is a typical black pigment, acts as a polymerization inhibitor in the suspension polymerization, a polymerization reaction hardly occurs in a system containing carbon black, and it is difficult to obtain particles having a uniform particle size. there were.

【0007】本発明は以上に記述した問題点を解決する
ためになされるもので、粒径が小さくかつ均一で、良好
な画像濃度を得るに十分な量の顔料が均一に含有されて
いるマイクロカプセル型トナーと、その製造方法を提供
する。
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is a microparticle having a small and uniform particle size and uniformly containing a sufficient amount of pigment to obtain a good image density. An encapsulated toner and a method for manufacturing the same are provided.

【0008】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】この目的を達成するため
に、本発明のマイクロカプセル型トナーは、顔料が分散
された疎水性物質を芯物質とし、熱可塑性樹脂を壁部材
とする。
In order to achieve this object, the microcapsule type toner of the present invention has a hydrophobic substance having a pigment dispersed therein as a core substance and a thermoplastic resin as a wall member.

【0009】また、本発明のトナーの製造方法は、顔料
が分散された疎水性物質と重合性単量体を混合し、この
混合物を水中に乳化し、重合性単量体を重合させてマイ
クロカプセルの壁部材とすることを特徴とする。
Further, in the method for producing a toner of the present invention, a hydrophobic substance in which a pigment is dispersed is mixed with a polymerizable monomer, the mixture is emulsified in water, and the polymerizable monomer is polymerized to obtain a micro monomer. It is characterized by being a wall member of a capsule.

【0010】[0010]

【作用】本発明のトナーの製造方法によれば、疎水性物
質が存在するため、製造中には顔料と重合性単量体は直
接には混合されない。したがって重合性単量体の重合反
応が、顔料によって阻害されることはない。すなわち、
重合法の本来の利点である、粒径が小さくかつ均一なト
ナーが得られる。また、疎水性物質としては重合性単量
体とは無関係に、顔料を分散させ易い物質を選択するこ
とができる。
According to the toner manufacturing method of the present invention, since the hydrophobic substance exists, the pigment and the polymerizable monomer are not directly mixed during the manufacturing. Therefore, the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable monomer is not hindered by the pigment. That is,
It is possible to obtain a toner having a small particle size and a uniform size, which is an inherent advantage of the polymerization method. Further, as the hydrophobic substance, a substance in which the pigment is easily dispersed can be selected regardless of the polymerizable monomer.

【0011】したがって本発明のマイクロカプセル型ト
ナーでは、粒径が小さい粒子であっても、その内部には
疎水性物質に分散された顔料が確実に含まれる。
Therefore, in the microcapsule type toner of the present invention, even if the particle size is small, the pigment dispersed in the hydrophobic substance is surely contained therein.

【0012】[0012]

【実施例】以下、本発明を具体化した−実施例を図面を
参照して説明する。図1は本実施例のマイクロカプセル
型トナーの断面図である。マイクロカプセル型トナー1
は、壁部材2と、その内部に封入された芯物質3からな
る。芯物質は、顔料4が分散された疎水性物質5であ
る。またマイクロカプセル型トナーは、およそ球形で、
その直径は1〜10μmであり、壁部材の厚さは1〜1
00nm(ナノメーター)である。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the microcapsule type toner of this embodiment. Microcapsule type toner 1
Is composed of a wall member 2 and a core substance 3 enclosed therein. The core substance is the hydrophobic substance 5 in which the pigment 4 is dispersed. The microcapsule type toner is approximately spherical,
The diameter is 1 to 10 μm, and the thickness of the wall member is 1 to 1
00 nm (nanometer).

【0013】壁部材2は熱可塑性樹脂、具体的にはポリ
スチレン、スチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ス
チレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体等からなる。顔料は
アゾ顔料などの有機顔料、あるいはクロム酸鉛、酸化第
二鉄、カーボンブラックなどの無機顔料である。疎水性
物質は、前記顔料に対応して、顔料をより微細且つ均一
に分散させ、かつ水への溶解性が小さいものが望まし
い。具体的には、動物油、植物油、脂肪族エステル、シ
リコーン油、イソパラフィンなどがある。
The wall member 2 is made of a thermoplastic resin, specifically polystyrene, styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, or the like. The pigment is an organic pigment such as an azo pigment, or an inorganic pigment such as lead chromate, ferric oxide or carbon black. It is desirable that the hydrophobic substance has a finer and more uniform dispersion of the pigment and a smaller solubility in water corresponding to the pigment. Specific examples include animal oil, vegetable oil, aliphatic ester, silicone oil, isoparaffin and the like.

【0014】次に、本実施例のマイクロカプセル型トナ
ーの製造方法を説明する。
Next, a method of manufacturing the microcapsule type toner of this embodiment will be described.

【0015】先ず、有機あるいは無機の顔料粉を前記疎
水性物質中に分散させる。このとき、機械的な混合のみ
では分散が不十分である場合には、適当な活性剤を併用
してもよい。次に前記顔料が分散された疎水性物質と、
重合性単量体を混合する。重合性単量体は、スチレン、
メチルスチレン、メタクリル酸エステル類、アクリル酸
エステル類、酢酸ビニルおよびアクリルニトリル、塩化
ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、イソプレン、クロロプレン、
ブタジエン、アクロレイン、アクリルアミド、アリルア
ルコール、ビニルピリジン、安息香酸ビニル、安息香酸
アリル等のなかから単独あるいは複数種が選択される。
特に好ましくはスチレン、メタクリル酸エステル、アク
リル酸エステル、酢酸ビニル、アクリルニトリル等であ
る。
First, organic or inorganic pigment powder is dispersed in the hydrophobic substance. At this time, when the dispersion is insufficient by only mechanical mixing, an appropriate activator may be used in combination. Next, a hydrophobic substance in which the pigment is dispersed,
Mix the polymerizable monomers. The polymerizable monomer is styrene,
Methylstyrene, methacrylic acid esters, acrylic acid esters, vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, isoprene, chloroprene,
A single type or a plurality of types are selected from butadiene, acrolein, acrylamide, allyl alcohol, vinyl pyridine, vinyl benzoate, allyl benzoate and the like.
Particularly preferred are styrene, methacrylic acid ester, acrylic acid ester, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile and the like.

【0016】ここで、重合性単量体に対し、疎水性物質
は30〜70重量%含まれることが望ましい。疎水性物
質が10重量%以下の場合は、疎水性物質の量が少なす
ぎるために、顔料の分散が不十分となり、逆に90%以
上である場合は重合性単量体が不足してマイクロカプセ
ルの壁が十分には作製されない。
Here, it is desirable that the hydrophobic substance is contained in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight with respect to the polymerizable monomer. When the amount of the hydrophobic substance is 10% by weight or less, the amount of the hydrophobic substance is too small, resulting in insufficient dispersion of the pigment. The walls of the capsule are not well made.

【0017】前記疎水性物質と重合性単量体の混合は、
例えばホモミキサーで3000〜4000rpmの回転
下で行われる。ここで重合性化合物中に疎水性物質が、
できるだけ小さく分散されていることが望ましい。
The mixture of the hydrophobic substance and the polymerizable monomer is
For example, it is carried out with a homomixer under the rotation of 3000 to 4000 rpm. Here, the hydrophobic substance in the polymerizable compound,
It is desirable that they are dispersed as small as possible.

【0018】このようにして、顔料が分散された疎水性
物質と重合性単量体が混合された疎水性混合物が得られ
る。この疎水性混合物を、乳化装置を用いて水中に乳化
する。このとき、乳化物の粒径が最終的に得られるマイ
クロカプセルの大きさを支配する。乳化を促進させ乳化
物の粒径を制御するために、水中に乳化剤を用いても良
い。
Thus, a hydrophobic mixture in which the pigment-dispersed hydrophobic substance and the polymerizable monomer are mixed is obtained. The hydrophobic mixture is emulsified in water using an emulsifying device. At this time, the particle size of the emulsion controls the size of the finally obtained microcapsules. An emulsifier may be used in water to accelerate the emulsification and control the particle size of the emulsion.

【0019】この状態で水を攪拌しながら重合させる。
この重合は疎水性物質の存在下で行われるインサイチュ
ウ(in−situ)重合である。つまり、前記疎水性
混合物の中の重合性単量体が重合しポリマーとなると、
疎水性物質および水の両方に不溶となるため、ポリマー
は水との界面に集中して析出し、その結果ポリマー、特
にこの場合は熱可塑性樹脂を壁部材として、疎水性物質
を内包物とするマイクロカプセルが得られる。顔料は疎
水性物質に分散されているので、顔料が重合反応を阻害
することはない。
In this state, water is polymerized while stirring.
This polymerization is in-situ polymerization carried out in the presence of a hydrophobic substance. That is, when the polymerizable monomer in the hydrophobic mixture is polymerized into a polymer,
Since it is insoluble in both hydrophobic substances and water, the polymer is concentrated and deposited at the interface with water, and as a result, the polymer, particularly the thermoplastic resin in this case, is used as the wall member and the hydrophobic substance is included. Microcapsules are obtained. Since the pigment is dispersed in the hydrophobic substance, the pigment does not interfere with the polymerization reaction.

【0020】ここで重合温度は60〜90度、攪拌は1
00〜300rpmが望ましい。重合時間は3〜10時
間である。
Here, the polymerization temperature is 60 to 90 degrees, and the stirring is 1
A range of 00 to 300 rpm is desirable. The polymerization time is 3 to 10 hours.

【0021】このようにして得られたマイクロカプセル
は水に分散されているので、噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥などに
よって乾燥し、粉体状のマイクロカプセル型トナーを得
る。
Since the microcapsules thus obtained are dispersed in water, they are dried by spray drying, freeze drying or the like to obtain powdery microcapsule type toner.

【0022】このマイクロカプセル型トナーは、従来の
トナーと同様の画像形成プロセスで用いることが可能で
ある。
This microcapsule type toner can be used in the same image forming process as conventional toners.

【0023】すなわち電子写真方式、直接記録方式の画
像形成装置にマイクロカプセル型トナーを用いると、マ
イクロカプセル型トナーは受像紙に静電気力によって原
稿に対応した像様に付着される。そして熱定着機構によ
って受像紙が加熱される。熱定着機構は少なくとも一方
に熱源を内包した一対のローラからなり、このローラの
間に受像紙が搬送される。このとき本実施例のトナーの
壁部材は熱可塑性樹脂であるため、熱によって軟化ある
いは溶融する。したがって軟化している壁部材は、前記
ローラに接触して圧力を受けるので、マイクロカプセル
が破壊され、マイクロカプセルの芯物質がマイクロカプ
セルから流出し、受像紙に転写される。このとき壁部材
も受像紙に転写され、冷却されると芯物質の受像紙への
定着に寄与する。
That is, when the microcapsule type toner is used in the electrophotographic type and direct recording type image forming apparatus, the microcapsule type toner is attached to the image receiving paper by an electrostatic force in an image corresponding to the original. Then, the image receiving paper is heated by the heat fixing mechanism. The heat fixing mechanism is composed of a pair of rollers including a heat source in at least one side, and the image receiving paper is conveyed between the rollers. At this time, since the wall member of the toner of this embodiment is a thermoplastic resin, it is softened or melted by heat. Therefore, since the softened wall member comes into contact with the roller and receives pressure, the microcapsules are broken, and the core substance of the microcapsules flows out from the microcapsules and is transferred to the image receiving paper. At this time, the wall member is also transferred to the image receiving paper and contributes to fixing of the core substance on the image receiving paper when cooled.

【0024】すなわち芯物質中に分散されている顔料に
よって、受像紙に画像が形成される。
That is, the pigment dispersed in the core substance forms an image on the image receiving paper.

【0025】なお、芯物質に含まれる疎水性物質が受像
紙に吸収されることにより、受像紙が透明になったり、
質感が変化する可能性がある。これを避けるために本発
明のマイクロカプセル型トナーを、有機溶剤中に再分散
させ、疎水性物質を有機溶剤によってマイクロカプセル
から抽出してもよい。有機溶剤は例えば、トルエン、キ
シレン、シクロヘキサン、メチルアルコール、エチルア
ルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、アセトン、メチル
エチルケトン、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチルなどがある。
The hydrophobic substance contained in the core substance is absorbed by the image receiving paper, so that the image receiving paper becomes transparent,
The texture may change. In order to avoid this, the microcapsule type toner of the present invention may be redispersed in an organic solvent and the hydrophobic substance may be extracted from the microcapsule with the organic solvent. Examples of the organic solvent include toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and the like.

【0026】[0026]

【発明の効果】以上説明したことから明かなように、本
発明のトナーの製造方法によれば、顔料が確実に内包さ
れ、かつ粒径が小さく粒径分布が均一なトナーが、効率
よく製造できる。さらに、本発明のマイクロカプセル型
トナーによれば、解像度および濃度が良好な画像を形成
できる。
As is apparent from the above description, according to the method for producing a toner of the present invention, a toner in which the pigment is reliably contained, and the particle size is small and the particle size distribution is uniform can be efficiently produced. it can. Further, according to the microcapsule type toner of the present invention, an image having good resolution and density can be formed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明のマイクロカプセル型トナーの断面図で
ある。
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a microcapsule type toner of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 マイクロカプセル型トナー 2 壁部材 3 芯物質 4 顔料 5 疎水性物質 1 Microcapsule type toner 2 Wall member 3 Core substance 4 Pigment 5 Hydrophobic substance

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 FI 技術表示箇所 G03G 9/09 G03G 9/08 361 384 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location G03G 9/09 G03G 9/08 361 384

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 顔料が分散された疎水性物質を芯物質と
し、熱可塑性樹脂を壁部材とするマイクロカプセル型ト
ナー。
1. A microcapsule type toner having a core material of a hydrophobic material in which a pigment is dispersed and a thermoplastic resin as a wall member.
【請求項2】 顔料が分散された疎水性物質と重合性単
量体を混合し、この混合物を水中に乳化させ重合性単量
体を重合させてマイクロカプセルの壁部材とし、少なく
とも顔料を内包するマイクロカプセル型トナーを得るこ
とを特徴とするトナーの製造方法。
2. A hydrophobic substance in which a pigment is dispersed is mixed with a polymerizable monomer, and the mixture is emulsified in water to polymerize the polymerizable monomer to form a wall member of a microcapsule. A method for producing a toner, comprising:
JP4121821A 1992-05-14 1992-05-14 Toner and production of toner Pending JPH05313401A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4121821A JPH05313401A (en) 1992-05-14 1992-05-14 Toner and production of toner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4121821A JPH05313401A (en) 1992-05-14 1992-05-14 Toner and production of toner

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH05313401A true JPH05313401A (en) 1993-11-26

Family

ID=14820771

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Cited By (3)

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WO2012105951A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Liquid electrophotographic ink and method for making the same
US8299140B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2012-10-30 Eastman Kodak Company Discrete ink particle with solid phase and liquid phase
US8299141B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2012-10-30 Eastman Kodak Company Mixed phase method of manufacturing ink

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8299140B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2012-10-30 Eastman Kodak Company Discrete ink particle with solid phase and liquid phase
US8299141B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2012-10-30 Eastman Kodak Company Mixed phase method of manufacturing ink
WO2012105951A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-09 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Liquid electrophotographic ink and method for making the same
CN103329049A (en) * 2011-01-31 2013-09-25 惠普发展公司,有限责任合伙企业 Liquid electrophotographic ink and method for making the same
US8932791B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2015-01-13 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Liquid electrophotographic ink and method for making the same

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