JPH0525986B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0525986B2 JPH0525986B2 JP60029912A JP2991285A JPH0525986B2 JP H0525986 B2 JPH0525986 B2 JP H0525986B2 JP 60029912 A JP60029912 A JP 60029912A JP 2991285 A JP2991285 A JP 2991285A JP H0525986 B2 JPH0525986 B2 JP H0525986B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- suspended
- scaffolding
- hanging
- cloth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Movable Scaffolding (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
この発明は、高架橋等で広く使用する吊り足場
工法およびその吊り足場枠に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to a suspended scaffold construction method widely used in elevated bridges and the like, and a suspended scaffold frame thereof.
従来技術およびその問題点
主桁形式の橋梁うち、プレートガーダー若しく
はトラスからなる主桁は定期的にペンキを塗替え
る等、定期的に保守点検をおこなう必要がある。Prior Art and its Problems Among main girder type bridges, main girders made of plate girders or trusses require periodic maintenance inspections such as periodic repainting.
従来、この種の保守点検作業は、橋梁より複数
本のチエーンを垂らし、このチエーン間に単管を
架設するとともにこの単管の上に別な単管を直角
に架設し、さらにこの単管の上に足場板を敷設す
ることにより主桁下に作業足場を構成し、この作
業足場の上でおこなつていた。 Conventionally, this type of maintenance and inspection work involves hanging multiple chains from a bridge, installing a single pipe between these chains, and installing another single pipe at right angles to this single pipe. A work scaffold was constructed below the main girder by laying scaffolding boards on top, and work was carried out on this scaffold.
しかし、このような方法では、、突風等で突発
的にチエーンが切れる等の恐れがあり、構造的に
強度上並びに安全上著しい問題があつた。また、
高所作業であるためチエーンに単管をさし込む場
合トビ職が梁の上に垂り片手作業するため非常に
問題が多く落下事故等の恐れが多く安全上、著し
い問題があつた。 However, with this method, there is a risk that the chain may suddenly break due to gusts of wind, etc., and there are significant problems in terms of structural strength and safety. Also,
Because the work was carried out at heights, when inserting a single pipe into the chain, the worker had to hang down on the beam and work with one hand, which was very problematic and caused serious safety problems, as there was a high risk of falling accidents.
また、作業足場の設置に際し、多くの足場資材
を一つ々設置する必要があるため多くの手間・ひ
まを尽やし、足場構築費や保守費が大幅に嵩むと
いう欠点があつた。 In addition, when installing a work scaffold, it is necessary to install many scaffolding materials one by one, which consumes a lot of time and effort, and has the disadvantage that scaffold construction and maintenance costs increase significantly.
発明の目的
この発明は、前記従来の問題点を解消するため
に提案されたもので、所定規模の作業足場を短期
間で、しかもきわめて安全簡単に設置することが
でき、かつ強度的に勝れ、きわめて安全に塗装作
業等の各種保守作業をおこなうことができる吊り
足場工法およびその吊り足場枠を提供することを
目的とする。Purpose of the Invention The present invention was proposed in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and it is possible to install a working scaffold of a predetermined scale in a short period of time, extremely safely and easily, and which has superior strength. The object of the present invention is to provide a suspended scaffold construction method and its suspended scaffold frame that can perform various maintenance works such as painting work in an extremely safe manner.
発明の構成
この発明にかかる吊り足場工法は、建て枠の下
端部に布枠を起倒自在に連結してなる複数の単位
吊り足場枠の一番目の足場枠を梁の下部フランジ
の両側より吊り下げ機構により挟持して布枠を前
方に倒し、次に布枠の先端に設けた連結フツクに
二番目の足場枠をその建て枠の下端部を載置し、
上端両端の吊り下げ機構により下部フランジを挟
持し順次同様にして単位吊り足場枠を梁の長手方
向に相互に連結し吊り作業足場を構成するもので
ある。Composition of the Invention The suspended scaffolding method according to the present invention is such that the first scaffolding frame of a plurality of unit suspended scaffolding frames, each of which is formed by connecting a fabric frame to the lower end of a building frame so as to be able to rise and fall, is suspended from both sides of the lower flange of a beam. The lowering mechanism holds the cloth frame and tilts it forward, and then places the lower end of the second scaffolding frame on the connecting hook provided at the tip of the cloth frame.
The lower flange is held between the hanging mechanisms at both ends of the upper end, and the unit suspended scaffold frames are connected to each other in the longitudinal direction of the beam in the same manner to form a suspended work scaffold.
また、この発明にかかる吊り足場枠は縦長の長
方形枠に構成された建て枠の下端部に横長の長方
形枠に構成された布枠を起倒自在に連結し、建て
枠と布枠間に布枠を水平状態に支持するためのブ
レースを架設し、布枠の上に床版を敷設し、逆Ｌ
字型吊り下げ金具に逆Ｌ字型レバーの折曲部を枢
着し、吊り下げ金具及びレバーのそれぞれの上片
のフツクとてこ部とにより梁の下部フランジを挟
持可能としてなる１対の吊り下げ機構を前記建て
枠の上端横部材に沿つてフランジ挟持位置へ移動
自在としたものである。 In addition, the hanging scaffolding frame according to the present invention has a cloth frame configured as a horizontally long rectangular frame connected to the lower end of the building frame configured as a vertically long rectangular frame so as to be able to rise and fall, and a cloth frame configured as a horizontally long rectangular frame is connected to the lower end of the building frame configured as a vertically long rectangular frame, and a cloth frame is connected between the building frame and the cloth frame. Erect a brace to support the frame horizontally, lay a floor slab on top of the cloth frame, and
A pair of hangings in which the bent part of the inverted L-shaped lever is pivotally attached to the hanging fitting, and the lower flange of the beam can be held by the hook and lever part of the upper part of the hanging fitting and the lever. The lowering mechanism is movable along the upper end horizontal member of the building frame to a flange clamping position.
実施例
以下、この発明を吊り足場枠から図示する一実
施例に基いて説明する。Embodiment Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on an embodiment illustrated from a hanging scaffold frame.
吊り足場枠１は、縦長の長方形枠に構成された
建枠２と、横長の長方形枠に構成された布枠３と
ブレース４，４とから構成されている。 The suspended scaffolding frame 1 is composed of a building frame 2 formed into a vertically long rectangular frame, a cloth frame 3 formed into a horizontally long rectangular frame, and braces 4, 4.
建て枠２の上端横部材５には１対の吊り下げ機
構６，６が対向して長手方向に自由に摺動可能に
取付けられている。 A pair of hanging mechanisms 6, 6 are attached to the upper end horizontal member 5 of the building frame 2 so as to face each other and to be freely slidable in the longitudinal direction.
吊り下げ機構６には吊り下げ金具７、レバー
８、締付ボルト９および締付ナツト１３が取付け
られている。 A hanging fitting 7, a lever 8, a tightening bolt 9, and a tightening nut 13 are attached to the hanging mechanism 6.
吊り下げ金具７は逆Ｌ字型に形成された上部片
はフツク７ａとなつている。 The hanging fitting 7 is formed into an inverted L shape, and the upper part thereof serves as a hook 7a.
また、レバー８は逆Ｌ字型に形成され上部片は
てこ部８ａとなつており、レバー８の折曲部は、
吊り下げ金具７にフツク７ａの下方にボルト８ｂ
によつて回動自在にボルト止めされ、さらにレバ
ー８の下端部はスペーサー１０を介在しかつボル
ト１１によつて連結されている。 Further, the lever 8 is formed in an inverted L shape, and the upper part serves as a lever part 8a, and the bent part of the lever 8 is
A bolt 8b is attached below the hook 7a to the hanging metal fitting 7.
The lower end of the lever 8 is connected with a bolt 11 with a spacer 10 interposed therebetween.
このように構成された１対の吊り下げ機構６の
吊り下げ金具７およびレバー８は、それぞれ上端
横部材５の両側に吊り下げ金具７，７の下端を挿
通することによりその長手方向に相対向して摺動
可能に取付けられる。 The hanging fittings 7 and lever 8 of the pair of hanging mechanisms 6 configured in this way are made to face each other in the longitudinal direction by inserting the lower ends of the hanging fittings 7 and 7 into both sides of the upper end horizontal member 5, respectively. and slidably mounted.
締付ボルト９，９の基端部は上端横部材５のほ
ぼ中央部にボルト止めされた固定金具１２に回転
自在に連結され、他端部はスペーサー１０，１０
のほぼ中央部に形成された小孔１０ａに挿通され
その貫通部分に締付けナツト１３，１３（以下、
蝶ナツト１３，１３とする）が螺合されている。 The base end portions of the tightening bolts 9, 9 are rotatably connected to a fixing metal fitting 12 bolted to approximately the center of the upper end horizontal member 5, and the other end portions are connected to spacers 10, 10.
A tightening nut 13, 13 (hereinafter referred to as
Wing nuts 13, 13) are screwed together.
かかる構成において、吊り下げ金具７のフツク
７ａとレバー８のてこ部８ａ間にプレートガーダ
ー１４（梁１４）の下部フランジ１４ａの左右縁
端部を係合するとともに蝶ナツト１３，１３をそ
れぞれ強く締付けることによりフツク７ａとてこ
部８ａ間で下部フランジ１４ａの縁端部を強く挾
持することが可能とされている（第４図参照）。 In this configuration, the left and right edges of the lower flange 14a of the plate girder 14 (beam 14) are engaged between the hook 7a of the hanging fitting 7 and the lever portion 8a of the lever 8, and the wing nuts 13, 13 are strongly tightened, respectively. This makes it possible to firmly clamp the edge of the lower flange 14a between the hook 7a and the lever portion 8a (see FIG. 4).
布枠３は、その基端部を建枠２の下端横部材１
５に回転自在に連結することにより建枠２に対し
て起倒自在とされている。また、布枠３には床板
１６が敷設され、またその左右腕杆１７，１７の
先端部には連結フツク１８，１８が取付けられて
いる。 The cloth frame 3 has its base end connected to the lower end horizontal member 1 of the building frame 2.
By being rotatably connected to 5, it can be raised and lowered with respect to the building frame 2. Further, a floor plate 16 is laid on the cloth frame 3, and connecting hooks 18, 18 are attached to the tips of left and right arm rods 17, 17.
ブレース４，４は、建枠２の上端部と布枠３の
先端部間に斜めに架設されている。 The braces 4, 4 are diagonally installed between the upper end of the building frame 2 and the tip of the cloth frame 3.
ブレース４，４の上下両端部は、建枠２の左右
脚杆１９，１９および布枠３の左右腕杆１７，１
７にそれぞれ回転自在に連結されている。またブ
レース４，４は少なくとも２部材を回転自在に連
結して形成することにより連結部を中心に折曲自
在とされている。 The upper and lower ends of the braces 4, 4 are connected to the left and right leg rods 19, 19 of the building frame 2 and the left and right arm rods 17, 1 of the cloth frame 3.
7 and are rotatably connected to each other. Further, the braces 4, 4 are formed by rotatably connecting at least two members, so that they can be bent around the connecting portion.
なお、ブレース４は径の異なる複数本の鋼管を
太い方に細い方をその長手方向に摺動自在に挿通
して連結することにより伸縮自在に構成してもよ
いものとする。 The brace 4 may be configured to be expandable and retractable by connecting a plurality of steel pipes with different diameters by slidingly inserting the thicker one and the thinner one in the longitudinal direction.
かかる構成において、吊り足場枠１の設置に際
しては、布枠３を水平に押し倒し、運搬・収納等
に際しては布枠３を起し、建枠２に沿わせており
たたむ。かかる場合、布枠３の横幅を建枠２のそ
れより一回り小さくし、布枠３が建枠２内に完全
に収納できるように構成することにより、全体が
嵩張らないようにしてある。 In this configuration, when installing the hanging scaffolding frame 1, the fabric frame 3 is pushed down horizontally, and when transporting, storing, etc., the fabric frame 3 is raised and folded along the building frame 2. In such a case, the width of the cloth frame 3 is made one size smaller than that of the building frame 2, and the cloth frame 3 is configured to be completely housed within the building frame 2, so that the whole structure does not become bulky.
続いて、この発明に係る吊り足場工法を順を追
つて説明する（第７図〜第１０図参照）。 Next, the suspended scaffold construction method according to the present invention will be explained step by step (see Figs. 7 to 10).
最初の吊り足場枠１を梁１４の下に吊り下げ
る（第７図参照）。吊り足場枠１を吊り下げる
には梁１４の下部フランジ１４ａの左右縁端部
に吊り下げ金具７のフツク７ａとレバー８間を
係合するとともに蝶ナツト１３を強く締付ける
（第４図参照）。続いて、布枠３を水平に押し倒
す。 The first suspended scaffolding frame 1 is suspended below the beam 14 (see Fig. 7). To hang the hanging scaffold frame 1, the hook 7a of the hanging fitting 7 and the lever 8 are engaged with the left and right edges of the lower flange 14a of the beam 14, and the wing nut 13 is strongly tightened (see FIG. 4). Next, push down the cloth frame 3 horizontally.
続いて、第２番目の吊り足場枠１を最初の吊
り足場枠１の左右連結フツク１８，１８上に第
２番目の吊り足場枠１の下端横部材１５を係合
し、吊り足場枠１を起立させて、前記最初の吊
り足場枠１と同じ方法で梁１４の下に吊り下げ
金具を固定することにより、最初の吊り足場枠
１と第２番目のそれとを連結する（第８図参
照）。 Next, the lower end horizontal member 15 of the second suspended scaffold frame 1 is engaged with the left and right connecting hooks 18, 18 of the first suspended scaffold frame 1, and the suspended scaffold frame 1 is Connect the first suspended scaffolding frame 1 and the second by standing it up and fixing the hanging fittings under the beam 14 in the same way as the first suspended scaffolding frame 1 (see Figure 8). .
以下、同様に第３番目、第４番目の順に吊り
足場枠１，……を吊り下げ、梁１４の下にその
長手方向に連続する作業足場２１を構成する
（第９，１０図参照）。 Thereafter, the third and fourth suspended scaffold frames 1, . . . are similarly suspended to form a working scaffold 21 that continues in the longitudinal direction under the beam 14 (see FIGS. 9 and 10).
梁１４が平行に設置されている場合には各梁
１４の下に作業足場２１を構成し、必要あると
きは、さらに左右作業足場２１，２１間に単管
２０足場板２２とから作業足場２３を構成する
（第１１図参照）。 When the beams 14 are installed in parallel, a work scaffold 21 is constructed under each beam 14, and when necessary, a single pipe 20, a scaffold plate 22, and a work scaffold 23 are installed between the left and right work scaffolds 21, 21. (see Figure 11).
発明の効果
この発明は、以上の構成からなり、橋梁等の梁
下に作業足場を構成する際、複数の吊り足場枠を
前後連結しつつ吊り下げることにより梁長手方向
に連続する作業足場を短期間で、しかもきわめて
簡単に設置することができる。Effects of the Invention The present invention has the above configuration, and when configuring a work scaffold under a beam such as a bridge, a plurality of suspended scaffold frames are connected back and forth and suspended, so that a work scaffold continuous in the longitudinal direction of the beam can be constructed for a short period of time. and can be installed extremely easily.
また、各吊り足場枠はそれぞれ独立して梁に吊
り下げられ、かつ相隣り合う吊り足場枠も相互に
連結されているので、突風にあおられ、大きく揺
れる必配は全くなく、強度上並びに安全上、きわ
めてすぐれている。 In addition, each suspended scaffolding frame is independently suspended from a beam, and adjacent suspended scaffolding frames are also connected to each other, so there is no need for it to sway greatly due to gusts of wind, which improves strength and safety. Above, it is extremely good.
また、この発明に係る吊り足場枠は構成がきわ
めて簡単なうえ折りたたみが可能であるため、運
搬、収納等取扱いがきわめて容易で実用性が高
い。 Furthermore, the suspended scaffolding frame according to the present invention has an extremely simple structure and is foldable, so it is extremely easy to transport, store, etc., and is highly practical.
第１図〜第１１図は、この発明の一実施例を示
したもので、第１図は吊り足場枠の斜視図、第２
図、第３図はその側面図、正面図、第４図は吊り
下げ機構の正面図、第５図および第６図は第４図
における−線、−線断面図、第７図〜第
１１図は吊り足場工法の工程を示すもので、第７
図〜第１０図はその側面図、第１１図は梁が平行
に設置されている場合の左右各作業足場間に新た
な作業足場を構成した時の断面図である。
１……吊り足場枠、２……建枠、３……布枠、
４……ブレース、５……上端横部材、６……吊り
下げ機構、７……吊り下げ金具、８……レバー、
９……締付ボルト、１０……スペーサ、１１……
連結ボルト、１２……取付ボルト、１３……蝶ナ
ツト、１４……梁、１５……下端横部材、１６…
…床板、１７……腕杆、１８……連結フツク、１
９……脚杆、２０……単管、２１……作業足場、
２２……足場板、２３……作業足場。
Figures 1 to 11 show one embodiment of the present invention, with Figure 1 being a perspective view of a suspended scaffolding frame, Figure 2 being a perspective view of a hanging scaffold frame;
Figure 3 is a side view and front view thereof, Figure 4 is a front view of the hanging mechanism, Figures 5 and 6 are sectional views taken along lines - and - in Figure 4, and Figures 7 to 11. The figure shows the process of the suspended scaffolding method.
10 to 10 are side views thereof, and FIG. 11 is a sectional view when a new work scaffold is constructed between the left and right work scaffolds when the beams are installed in parallel. 1...Hanging scaffold frame, 2...Building frame, 3...Cloth frame,
4... Brace, 5... Upper end horizontal member, 6... Hanging mechanism, 7... Hanging metal fittings, 8... Lever,
9... Tightening bolt, 10... Spacer, 11...
Connection bolt, 12... Mounting bolt, 13... Wing nut, 14... Beam, 15... Lower end horizontal member, 16...
...Floor plate, 17...Arm rod, 18...Connection hook, 1
9...Leg rod, 20...Single pipe, 21...Work scaffolding,
22...Scaffolding board, 23...Working scaffold.
Claims (1)
してなる複数の単位吊り足場枠１の一番目の足場
枠を梁１４の下部フランジの両側より吊り下げ機
構６により挟持して布枠３を前方に倒し、次に布
枠３の先端に設けた連結フツク１８に二番目の足
場枠をその建て枠２の下端部を載置し上端両側の
吊り下げ機構６により下部フランジを挟持し順次
同様にして単位吊り足場枠１を梁１４の長手方向
に相互に連結して行くことを特徴とする吊り足場
工法。 ２ 縦長の長方形枠に構成された建て枠２の下端
部に横長の長方形枠に構成された布枠３を起倒自
在に連結し、建て枠２と布枠３間に布枠３を水平
状態に支持するためのブレース４，４を架設し、
布枠３の上に床板１６を敷設し、逆Ｌ字型吊り下
げ金具７に逆Ｌ字型レバー８の折曲部を枢着し、
吊り下げ金具及びレバーのそれぞれの上片のフツ
ク７ａとてこ部８ａとにより梁の下部フランジを
挟持可能としてなる１対の吊り下げ機構６を前記
建て枠２の上端横部材５に沿つてフランジ挟持位
置へ移動自在としたことを特徴とする吊り足場
枠。[Scope of Claims] 1. The first scaffolding frame of a plurality of unit suspended scaffolding frames 1 formed by connecting the fabric frame 3 to the lower end of the building frame 2 so as to be freely raised and lowered is suspended from both sides of the lower flange of the beam 14. The fabric frame 3 is held forward by the mechanism 6, and then the lower end of the second scaffolding frame 2 is placed on the connecting hook 18 provided at the tip of the fabric frame 3, and both sides of the upper edge are suspended. This suspended scaffold construction method is characterized in that the lower flanges are held by a mechanism 6 and the unit suspended scaffold frames 1 are connected to each other in the longitudinal direction of the beams 14 in a similar manner. 2. A cloth frame 3 configured as a horizontally long rectangular frame is connected to the lower end of the building frame 2 configured as a vertically long rectangular frame so as to be able to be raised and lowered, and the cloth frame 3 is placed in a horizontal state between the building frame 2 and the cloth frame 3. Erect braces 4, 4 to support the
Lay the floorboard 16 on the cloth frame 3, pivot the bent part of the inverted L-shaped lever 8 to the inverted L-shaped hanging fitting 7,
A pair of hanging mechanisms 6 that can hold the lower flange of the beam by the hooks 7a and levers 8a of the upper pieces of the hanging fittings and levers are held along the upper end horizontal member 5 of the building frame 2 by the flange. A suspended scaffolding frame characterized by being movable to any position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2991285A JPS61191762A (en) | 1985-02-18 | 1985-02-18 | Suspension scaffold construction method and suspension scaffold frame |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2991285A JPS61191762A (en) | 1985-02-18 | 1985-02-18 | Suspension scaffold construction method and suspension scaffold frame |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61191762A JPS61191762A (en) | 1986-08-26 |
| JPH0525986B2 true JPH0525986B2 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
Family
ID=12289199
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2991285A Granted JPS61191762A (en) | 1985-02-18 | 1985-02-18 | Suspension scaffold construction method and suspension scaffold frame |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61191762A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021008734A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-01-28 | 日軽エンジニアリング株式会社 | Scaffolding for bridge inspection |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07103679B2 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1995-11-08 | 株式会社新成工業 | Suspension scaffold assembly method and scaffold material used for it |
| JPH0740594Y2 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1995-09-20 | 株式会社新成工業 | Hanging scaffolding material |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58185856A (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1983-10-29 | 清水建設株式会社 | Support for use with working scaffold for constructing src structural beam |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5383818U (en) * | 1976-12-13 | 1978-07-11 |
-
1985
- 1985-02-18 JP JP2991285A patent/JPS61191762A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58185856A (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1983-10-29 | 清水建設株式会社 | Support for use with working scaffold for constructing src structural beam |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021008734A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-01-28 | 日軽エンジニアリング株式会社 | Scaffolding for bridge inspection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61191762A (en) | 1986-08-26 |
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