JPH0523306A - Ophthalmologic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate focusing operation by achieving a focusing compatibility only if two of at least three targets are let to an eye to be inspected. CONSTITUTION:Three uniform light incident surfaces 42a, 43b and 43c so set askew to make a target image projected onto an eye to be inspected move or convert with the movement and conversion of the direction of the optical axis J2 are formed on a split prism 43 for focusing which is provided in the course of an optical path of a target projection optical system 40 while being made movable and convertible in the direction of the optical axis J2. Light transmission windows 44a, 44b and 44c are provided on a target plate 44 as targets with the number thereof that of the light incident surfaces 42a, 43b and 43c.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、合焦のためのスプリ
ットプリズム及び指標板を有する眼科機械に関するもの
である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ophthalmologic machine having a split prism and an index plate for focusing.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、この種の眼科機械には、例えば図
１２に示すように、観察・撮影照明光学系（全体図示
略）の光路１中の被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅｒと共役な位置に棒
状体２を挿脱可能に配設し、この棒状体２の先端に観察
・撮影照明光学系の光軸３に対して４５゜傾斜するミラ
ー４を設けると共に、指標投影光学系５を設けたものが
考えられている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 12, for example, an ophthalmologic machine of this kind has a position conjugate with the fundus Er of the eye E to be examined in the optical path 1 of the observation / photographing illumination optical system (all not shown). The rod-shaped body 2 is arranged so that it can be inserted and removed, and at the tip of this rod-shaped body 2, a mirror 4 tilted by 45 ° with respect to the optical axis 3 of the observation / photographing illumination optical system is provided, and an index projection optical system 5 is provided. Things are being considered.

【０００３】また、指標投影光学系５は、照明光源６、
コンデンサーレンズ７、スプリットプリズム８，９、透
光窓（図示せず）を有する指標板１０、リレーレンズ１
１、絞り部材１２等を有している。そして、照明光源６
からの照明光は、コンデンサーレンズ７、スプリットプ
リズム８，９、指標板１０、リレーレンズ１１、絞り部
材１２の小孔１２ａ，１２ｂ等を介して孔空きミラー１
３に反射された後、対物レンズ１４を介して被検眼Ｅの
眼底Ｅｒに投影される。The index projection optical system 5 includes an illumination light source 6,
Condenser lens 7, split prisms 8 and 9, index plate 10 having a light-transmitting window (not shown), relay lens 1
1, a diaphragm member 12 and the like. And the illumination light source 6
Illumination light from the condenser lens 7, the split prisms 8 and 9, the index plate 10, the relay lens 11, the small holes 12a and 12b of the diaphragm member 12, etc.
After being reflected by 3, the light is projected onto the fundus Er of the eye E through the objective lens 14.

【０００４】指標板１０は被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅｒと共役に
設けられ、絞り部材１２は被検眼Ｅの前眼部Ｅｆと共役
に設けられている。The index plate 10 is provided conjugate with the fundus Er of the eye E to be examined, and the diaphragm member 12 is provided conjugate with the anterior segment Ef of the eye E to be examined.

【０００５】絞り部材１２の小孔１２ａ，１２ｂは、図
１３に示すように、略真円形状を呈し、小孔１２ａ，１
２ｂを通過した照明光源６からの照明光は、図１４
（Ａ）に示すように、被検眼Ｅの前眼部Ｅｆに像Ｈ１，
Ｈ２を形成するように構成されている。一方、被検眼Ｅ
の眼底Ｅｒには指標板１０の透光窓の形状、即ち、図１
４（Ｂ）に示すように、合焦のための２つの指標像Ｓ
１，Ｓ２と棒状体２の投影像２’とが眼底像１５に観察
される。As shown in FIG. 13, the small holes 12a, 12b of the diaphragm member 12 have a substantially perfect circular shape, and the small holes 12a, 1
The illumination light from the illumination light source 6 that has passed through 2b is as shown in FIG.
As shown in (A), the image H1, on the anterior segment Ef of the eye E to be examined.
It is configured to form H2. On the other hand, the eye E
The shape of the light-transmissive window of the index plate 10 on the fundus Er of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4B, two index images S for focusing are provided.
1, S2 and the projected image 2 ′ of the rod-shaped body 2 are observed in the fundus image 15.

【０００６】なお、図１４（Ａ）中、１６は眼底撮影光
通過領域（眼底反射光通過領域）、１７は眼底照明光束
通過領域、１８は虹彩である。In FIG. 14A, 16 is a fundus photographing light passing region (fundus reflected light passing region), 17 is a fundus illumination light flux passing region, and 18 is an iris.

【０００７】この状態で、図示外の合焦レンズを光軸方
向に駆動させると同時にスプリットプリズム８，９をこ
の合焦レンズの駆動に連動させることにより、各指標Ｓ
１，Ｓ２同士が図１４（Ａ）に示す上下方向に相対的に
接近・離反させられ、この指標Ｓ１，Ｓ２とが合致した
ときに合焦状態となる。In this state, a focusing lens (not shown) is driven in the direction of the optical axis, and at the same time, the split prisms 8 and 9 are interlocked with the driving of the focusing lens, whereby each index S
When S1 and S2 are relatively moved toward and away from each other in the vertical direction shown in FIG. 14A, and when the indexes S1 and S2 match, a focused state is achieved.

【０００８】[0008]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、上記の如く
構成された眼科機械にあっては、合焦のための２つの指
標Ｓ１，Ｓ２が同時に被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅｒ内に投影され
ていなければ、上述した合焦作業を行うことができな
い。By the way, in the ophthalmologic machine configured as described above, if the two indices S1 and S2 for focusing are not simultaneously projected on the fundus Er of the eye E to be examined. However, the above-described focusing work cannot be performed.

【０００９】しかしながら、絞り部材１２の小孔１２
ａ，１２ｂを通過する一対の光束は、被検眼Ｅの瞳孔の
周縁部を介して眼底Ｅｒに投影されるため、眼科器械の
撮影照明光学系光軸と被検眼Ｅの光軸位置が左右・上下
に僅かにずれても、小孔１２ａ，１２ｂを通過する一対
の光束の一方が蹴られて、合焦のための２つの指標Ｓ
１，Ｓ２の一方しか眼底Ｅｒに投影されないものであっ
た。However, the small hole 12 of the diaphragm member 12
The pair of light fluxes passing through a and 12b are projected onto the fundus Er through the peripheral portion of the pupil of the eye E, so that the optical axis position of the imaging illumination optical system of the ophthalmologic instrument and the optical axis of the eye E are left / right. Even if it is slightly shifted up and down, one of the pair of light fluxes passing through the small holes 12a and 12b is kicked, and two indexes S for focusing are obtained.
Only one of S1 and S2 was projected on the fundus Er.

【００１０】図１５（Ａ）はこの状態を示したもので、
絞り部材１２の小孔１２ａ，１２ｂの像Ｈ１，Ｈ２の一
方の像Ｈ１が虹彩１８側にズレた状態で位置している
と、図１５（Ｂ）に示すように、眼底Ｅｒに投影された
指標Ｓ２と、棒状体２の投影像２’とは眼底像１５内に
観察することができるが指標Ｓ１は跳ねられた状態とな
っている。FIG. 15A shows this state.
When one image H1 of the images H1 and H2 of the small holes 12a and 12b of the diaphragm member 12 is located in a state of being displaced toward the iris 18 side, it is projected onto the fundus Er as shown in FIG. 15 (B). The index S2 and the projected image 2'of the rod-shaped body 2 can be observed in the fundus image 15, but the index S1 is in a bounced state.

【００１１】しかも、この様なズレを修正して、小孔１
２ａ，１２ｂを通過する一対の光束を被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅ
ｒに投影させる作業には時間を要するものであり、特に
観察倍率を上げた場合にはこの作業に多くの時間がかか
るものであり、結果的には合焦作業が容易でないという
問題があった。Moreover, the small hole 1 is corrected by correcting such a deviation.
A pair of light fluxes passing through 2a and 12b are applied to the fundus E of the eye E to be examined.
The work of projecting on r takes a long time, and especially when the observation magnification is increased, this work takes a lot of time, and as a result, the focusing work is not easy. .

【００１２】本発明は、上記事情に鑑みなされたもの
で、少なくとも３つ以上の指標のうちの２つが被検眼に
導かれていれば合焦作業を可能とすることができ、合焦
作業を容易に行うことができる眼科機械を提供すること
を目的とするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to perform the focusing work if at least two of the three or more indexes are guided to the eye to be inspected. An object is to provide an ophthalmologic machine that can be easily performed.

【００１３】[0013]

【課題を解決するための手段】その目的を達成するた
め、請求項１に記載の発明は、指標投影光学系の光路途
中に位置して該指標投影光学系の光軸方向に移動変移可
能な合焦のためのスプリットプリズムと指標板とが配設
され、指標投影光源からの照明光により前記指標板の指
標が被検眼の眼底に投影される眼科機械において、前記
スプリットプリズムにはその光軸方向の移動変移に伴っ
て前記被検眼に投影された前記指標を移動変移させるよ
うに傾斜設定された少なくとも３面以上の光入射面が形
成され、前記指標板には前記光入射面の面数と同数の指
標が前記光入射面に対応して設けられていることを要旨
とするものである。In order to achieve the object, the invention described in claim 1 is located in the middle of the optical path of the index projection optical system and is movable and movable in the optical axis direction of the index projection optical system. In the ophthalmologic machine in which the split prism for focusing and the index plate are arranged, and the index of the index plate is projected onto the fundus of the eye by the illumination light from the index projection light source, the split prism has its optical axis. At least three or more light incident surfaces that are inclined and set so as to move and shift the index projected on the eye to be examined in accordance with the moving shift of the direction are formed, and the index plate has the number of light incident surfaces. The gist of the present invention is that the same number of indexes as in the above is provided corresponding to the light incident surface.

【００１４】[0014]

【作用】指標用光源を点灯させると、その照明光は、ス
プリットプリズムへ導かれて、スプリットプリズムの光
入射面、指標板の透光窓を通過し、この透光窓の形状が
被検眼の眼底に投影される。When the index light source is turned on, the illumination light is guided to the split prism and passes through the light entrance surface of the split prism and the light-transmissive window of the index plate. It is projected on the fundus.

【００１５】そして、この眼底に投影された透光窓の形
状、即ち、指標像の隣接した一辺同士が直線状態となる
ように、スプリットプリズム及び指標板を光軸方向に移
動変移させて合焦作業をする。Then, the split prism and the index plate are moved and displaced in the optical axis direction so that the shape of the light-transmissive window projected on the fundus, that is, the adjacent sides of the index image are in a straight line state. Do the work.

【００１６】[0016]

【実施例】以下、この発明の眼科機械の実施例を図１乃
至図９に基づいて説明する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the ophthalmologic machine of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

【００１７】図１に示した眼科機械の光学系Ａは、撮影
照明光学系２０、観察撮影照明光学系３０、指標投影光
学系４０、撮影光学系５０、接眼光学系６０を有する。
図１中、Ｊ１，Ｊ２，Ｊ３は各光学系２０，４０，５０
の光軸である。The optical system A of the ophthalmologic machine shown in FIG. 1 comprises a photographing illumination optical system 20, an observation photographing illumination optical system 30, an index projection optical system 40, a photographing optical system 50, and an eyepiece optical system 60.
In FIG. 1, J1, J2 and J3 are optical systems 20, 40 and 50, respectively.
Is the optical axis of.

【００１８】撮影照明光学系２０は、キセノンランプ等
の撮影光源２１、コンデンサーレンズ２２、リングスリ
ット２３ａ，２３ｂ、反射ミラー２４、リレーレンズ２
５、有害反射光除去光学要素２６、リレーレンズ２７、
孔空きミラー２８、対物レンズ２９等の光学部材をこの
順に有し、撮影光源２１からの照明光を被検眼Ｅの眼底
Ｅｒに案内投影する。The photographing illumination optical system 20 includes a photographing light source 21 such as a xenon lamp, a condenser lens 22, ring slits 23a and 23b, a reflecting mirror 24, and a relay lens 2.
5, harmful reflected light removing optical element 26, relay lens 27,
Optical members such as a perforated mirror 28 and an objective lens 29 are provided in this order, and the illumination light from the photographing light source 21 is guided and projected onto the fundus Er of the eye E to be examined.

【００１９】観察撮影照明光学系３０は、ハロゲンラン
プ等の照明光源３１、コンデンサレンズ３２、コンデン
サレンズ２２から対物レンズ２９までの光学部材を有
し、照明光源３１からの照明光を被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅｒに
案内投影する。The observation / photographing illumination optical system 30 has an illumination light source 31, such as a halogen lamp, a condenser lens 32, and optical members from the condenser lens 22 to the objective lens 29. The illumination light from the illumination light source 31 is directed to the eye E to be examined. Guide and project onto the fundus Er.

【００２０】指標投影光学系４０は、ハロゲンランプや
ＬＥＤ等の指標用光源４１、防熱フィルタＦ１、赤色透
過フィルターＦ２、コンデンサレンズ４２、スプリット
プリズム４３、指標板４４、リレーレンズ４５、反射ミ
ラー４６、赤外除去フィルタＦ３、絞り部材４７を有
し、指標用光源４１からの照明光は、影照明光学系２０
のリングスリット２３ａとリングスリット２３ｂとの間
に配設された反射光学部材４８に反射された後、被検眼
Ｅの眼底Ｅｒに案内投影する。The index projection optical system 40 includes an index light source 41 such as a halogen lamp or an LED, a heat insulating filter F1, a red transmission filter F2, a condenser lens 42, a split prism 43, an index plate 44, a relay lens 45, a reflection mirror 46, The illumination light from the index light source 41 has the infrared removal filter F3 and the diaphragm member 47.
After being reflected by the reflective optical member 48 disposed between the ring slit 23a and the ring slit 23b, the image is guided and projected onto the fundus Er of the eye E to be inspected.

【００２１】スプリットプリズム４３は、図２に示すよ
うに、略円盤形状を呈し且つ、図示外の駆動機構を介し
て光軸Ｊ２に沿った方向に移動変移可能に構成されてい
る。また、スプリットプリズム４３は、その中心に光軸
Ｊ２が位置していると共に、中心から周端面に向けて拡
開した扇形状を呈する３面の均等な光入射面４３ａ，４
３ｂ，４３ｃが形成されている。さらに、各光入射面４
３ａ，４３ｂ，４３ｃは隣あった光入射面４３ａ，４３
ｂ，４３ｃとに段部４３ｄ，４３ｄ…が設定されて同一
回転方向に傾斜した状態に設定されている。As shown in FIG. 2, the split prism 43 has a substantially disk shape and is configured to be movable and movable in the direction along the optical axis J2 via a drive mechanism (not shown). Further, the split prism 43 has the optical axis J2 located at the center thereof, and has three fan-shaped uniform light incident surfaces 43a, 4 which are spread from the center toward the peripheral end surface.
3b and 43c are formed. Furthermore, each light incident surface 4
3a, 43b, 43c are adjacent light incident surfaces 43a, 43
Steps 43d, 43d ... Are set to b and 43c, and are set in a state of being inclined in the same rotation direction.

【００２２】指標板４４はスプリットプリズム４３の各
光入射面４３ａ，４３ｂ，４３ｃに対応して透光窓４４
ａ，４４ｂ，４４ｃを指標として有している。The index plate 44 corresponds to each of the light incident surfaces 43a, 43b, 43c of the split prism 43, and the light transmitting window 44.
It has a, 44b, 44c as an index.

【００２３】透光窓４４ａ，４４ｂ，４４ｃは各々三角
形状を呈し、しかも、被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅｒと共役に設け
られている。また、透光窓４４ａ，４４ｂ，４４ｃは隣
接した透光窓４４ａ，４４ｂ，４４ｃの一辺同士が連続
した直線を形成して大きな三角形を形成する。The translucent windows 44a, 44b and 44c each have a triangular shape, and are provided so as to be conjugate with the fundus Er of the eye E to be examined. Further, the translucent windows 44a, 44b and 44c form a large triangle by forming a straight line in which one side of the adjacent translucent windows 44a, 44b and 44c are continuous.

【００２４】絞り部材４７には、図３に示すように、指
標板４４の各透光窓４４ａ，４４ｂ，４４ｃに対応して
真円形状を呈する小孔Ｈ１，Ｈ２，Ｈ３が形成されてい
る。また、絞り部材４７は被検眼Ｅの前眼部Ｅｆと共役
に設けられている。As shown in FIG. 3, the diaphragm member 47 is provided with small holes H1, H2, H3 having a perfect circular shape corresponding to the respective light transmitting windows 44a, 44b, 44c of the index plate 44. . The diaphragm member 47 is provided so as to be conjugate with the anterior segment Ef of the subject's eye E.

【００２５】反射光学部材４８は、光軸Ｊ３上に位置
し、図４に示すように、透明板４８ａに絞り部材４７の
小孔Ｈ１，Ｈ２，Ｈ３を通過した照明光を被検眼Ｅに向
けて反射させるための全反射面４８ｂ，４８ｃ，４８ｄ
が設けられている。また、反射光学部材４８の全反射面
４８ｂ，４８ｃ，４８ｄの各中心を結ぶ三角形の重心は
撮影照明光学系２０の光軸Ｊ１と点Ｐで直交している。
しかも、この点Ｐは被検眼Ｅの虹彩（図示せず）と略共
役に設けられている。The reflective optical member 48 is located on the optical axis J3, and directs the illumination light, which has passed through the small holes H1, H2, H3 of the diaphragm member 47 to the transparent plate 48a to the eye E, as shown in FIG. Total reflection surfaces 48b, 48c, 48d for reflecting and reflecting
Is provided. The center of gravity of the triangle connecting the centers of the total reflection surfaces 48b, 48c, 48d of the reflection optical member 48 is orthogonal to the optical axis J1 of the photographing illumination optical system 20 at the point P.
Moreover, this point P is provided substantially conjugate with the iris (not shown) of the eye E to be examined.

【００２６】従って、全反射面４８ｂ，４８ｃ，４８ｄ
は被検眼Ｅの虹彩と略共役となり、撮影光源２１を点灯
させて撮影を行っても、全反射面４８ｂ，４８ｃ，４８
ｄは眼底Ｅｒに結像されることがないようになってい
る。Therefore, the total reflection surfaces 48b, 48c, 48d.
Is substantially conjugated with the iris of the eye E to be examined, and even if the photographing light source 21 is turned on for photographing, the total reflection surfaces 48b, 48c, 48 are
The image of d is not formed on the fundus Er.

【００２７】また、点Ｐが虹彩と略共役であることか
ら、透明板４８ａの両面は眼底Ｅｒとは共役とはならな
いので、透明板４８ａの両面に傷が付いたとしても、こ
の傷が撮影光源２１の点灯により眼底Ｅｒに結像される
ことはない。Further, since the point P is substantially conjugate with the iris, both surfaces of the transparent plate 48a are not conjugated with the fundus Er, and even if both surfaces of the transparent plate 48a are scratched, this scratch is photographed. No image is formed on the fundus Er by turning on the light source 21.

【００２８】従って、指標用光源４１を点灯させると、
その照明光は、コンデンサーレンズ４２等を透過して略
平行光束となった後に、スプリットプリズム４３の各光
入射面４３ａ，４３ｂ，４３ｃを透過屈折して、光入射
面４３ａにより屈折された照明光は透光窓４４ａを、光
入射面４３ｂにより屈折された照明光は透光窓４４ｂ
を、光入射面４３ｃにより屈折された照明光は透光窓４
４ｃを夫々通過する。さらに、各透光窓４４ａ，４４
ｂ，４４ｃを透過した照明光は、リレーレンズ４５等を
介して絞り部材４７へと導かれる。Therefore, when the index light source 41 is turned on,
The illumination light passes through the condenser lens 42 and the like to become a substantially parallel light flux, and then is transmitted and refracted through the respective light incident surfaces 43a, 43b, 43c of the split prism 43, and the illumination light refracted by the light incident surface 43a. Is through the transparent window 44a, and the illumination light refracted by the light incident surface 43b is through the transparent window 44b.
The illumination light refracted by the light incident surface 43c is transmitted through the transparent window 4
Pass 4c respectively. Furthermore, the translucent windows 44a, 44
The illumination light transmitted through b and 44c is guided to the diaphragm member 47 via the relay lens 45 and the like.

【００２９】また、透光窓４４ａを通過した照明光は小
孔Ｈ１を、透光窓４４ａを通過した照明光は小孔Ｈ２
を、透光窓４４ａを通過した照明光は小孔Ｈ３を夫々通
過した後、小孔Ｈ１を通過した照明光は反射光学部材４
８の全反射面４８ｂを、小孔Ｈ２を通過した照明光は反
射光学部材４８の全反射面４８ｃを、小孔Ｈ３を通過し
た照明光は反射光学部材４８の全反射面４８ｄにより反
射され、透光窓４４ａ，４４ｂ，４４ｃの形状を撮影照
明光学系２０を介して被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅｒに投影するよ
うになっている。The illumination light passing through the transparent window 44a passes through the small hole H1 and the illumination light passing through the transparent window 44a receives the small hole H2.
After passing through the small aperture H3, the illumination light passing through the light-transmissive window 44a passes through the small aperture H1, and then the illumination light passes through the small aperture H1.
The illumination light that has passed through the total reflection surface 48b of 8 and the small hole H2 is reflected by the total reflection surface 48c of the reflective optical member 48, and the illumination light that has passed through the small hole H3 is reflected by the total reflection surface 48d of the reflective optical member 48. The shapes of the translucent windows 44a, 44b, 44c are projected onto the fundus Er of the eye E through the photographing illumination optical system 20.

【００３０】この時、合焦作業可能状態にある場合に
は、図５に示すように、絞り部材４７の各小孔Ｈ１，Ｈ
２，Ｈ３の像Ｈ１’，Ｈ２’，Ｈ３’が、被検眼Ｅの眼
底照明光束通過領域１７内に投影される。At this time, when the focusing operation is possible, as shown in FIG. 5, the small holes H1 and H of the diaphragm member 47 are formed.
Images H1 ′, H2 ′, and H3 ′ of 2 and H3 are projected into the fundus illumination light flux passing region 17 of the eye E to be examined.

【００３１】そして、所定操作により合焦作業を行う
と、図６（Ａ）に示すように、被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅｒに投
影された指標像Ｓ１，Ｓ２，Ｓ３が離れた状態で眼底像
１５内に観察される。この時、指標像Ｓ１，Ｓ２，Ｓ３
はスプリットプリズム４３の各光入射面４３ａ，４３
ｂ，４３ｃの傾斜設定により、図６（Ａ）に示した矢印
イ，ロ，ハの方向に移動変移する。この移動方向は、遮
光部４４ｄの三角形の重心と透光窓４４ａ，４４ｂ，４
４ｃの各頂点とを結ぶ線と夫々平行した方向に移動す
る。When a focusing operation is performed by a predetermined operation, as shown in FIG. 6 (A), the fundus image 15 with the index images S1, S2, S3 projected on the fundus Er of the eye E being separated from each other. Observed within. At this time, the index images S1, S2, S3
Is the light incident surfaces 43a and 43 of the split prism 43.
By setting the inclination of b and 43c, the movement is changed in the directions of arrows a, b, and c shown in FIG. The moving direction is the center of gravity of the triangle of the light shielding portion 44d and the light transmitting windows 44a, 44b, 4
4c is moved in a direction parallel to the line connecting each vertex.

【００３２】さらに、この合焦作業により、合焦状態と
なると、図６（Ｂ）に示すように、眼底Ｅｒに投影され
た透光窓４４ａは指標像Ｓ１として、透光窓４４ｂは指
標像Ｓ２として、透光窓４４ｃは指標像Ｓ３として眼底
像１５内に観察される。しかも、各指標像Ｓ１，Ｓ２，
Ｓ３の隣接した一辺同士により連続した直線部分を有す
る大きな三角形状を形成するので合焦状態であることが
容易に分かるようになっている。Further, when the in-focus state is brought about by this focusing operation, as shown in FIG. 6B, the transparent window 44a projected on the fundus Er is the index image S1, and the transparent window 44b is the index image. As S2, the transparent window 44c is observed in the fundus image 15 as the index image S3. Moreover, each index image S1, S2
Since a large triangular shape having a continuous straight line portion is formed by the adjacent sides of S3, it is easy to see that it is in focus.

【００３３】一方、図７（Ａ）及び図８（Ａ）に示すよ
うに、像Ｈ１’，Ｈ２’，Ｈ３’の何れか一つが虹彩１
８にズレた位置に投影され、他の二つの像が眼底照明光
束通過領域１７の適性位置に投影された場合であって
も、図７（Ｂ）及び図８（Ｂ）に示すように、指標像Ｓ
１，Ｓ２，Ｓ３の内の二つが隣接した一辺同士により連
続した直線部分を形成するように合焦作業を行うことに
より合焦状態とすることができる。このことにより、合
焦作業を容易且つ確実に行うことができる。On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 8A, any one of the images H1 ', H2', and H3 'is an iris 1
Even when the image is projected at a position shifted to 8 and the other two images are projected at appropriate positions in the fundus illumination light flux passing region 17, as shown in FIGS. 7 (B) and 8 (B), Index image S
A focusing state can be achieved by performing a focusing operation such that two of 1, S2, and S3 form a continuous straight line portion by adjacent one sides. As a result, the focusing work can be performed easily and reliably.

【００３４】撮影光学系５０は、対物レンズ２９、孔空
きミラー２８の中心孔２８ａ、フオーカスレンズ５１、
結像レンズ５２等を有し、眼底像１５をフィルムＦに投
影結像させる。尚、スプリットプリズム４３及び指標板
４４は、図示外の駆動装置により光軸Ｊ３と平行に駆動
変位されるフオーカスレンズ５１の駆動に連動して光軸
Ｊ１と平行に駆動変位されるようになっている。The photographing optical system 50 includes an objective lens 29, a central hole 28a of a perforated mirror 28, a focus lens 51,
It has an imaging lens 52 and the like, and projects and forms the fundus image 15 on the film F. The split prism 43 and the index plate 44 are driven and displaced in parallel with the optical axis J1 in association with the driving of the focus lens 51 which is driven and displaced in parallel with the optical axis J3 by a driving device (not shown). ing.

【００３５】接眼光学系６０は、結像レンズ５２とフィ
ルムＦとの間に位置して撮影光学系５０の光路の光軸Ｊ
３に対し挿脱するクイックリータンミラー６１、フィー
ルドレンズ６２、全反射ミラー６３、接眼レンズ６４等
を有する。そして、被検眼Ｅからの反射光は、対物レン
ズ２９、孔空きミラー２８の中心孔２８ａ、フオーカス
レンズ５１を介して結像レンズ５２に導かれ、合焦作業
をする場合には、光軸Ｊ３上にクイックリータンミラー
６１が位置して、このクイックリータンミラー６１によ
り結像レンズに導かれた反射光が接眼光学系６０へと反
射され、撮影を行う場合には、クイックリータンミラー
６１が光軸Ｊ３から退避されてフィルムＦに撮像され
る。The eyepiece optical system 60 is located between the imaging lens 52 and the film F, and the optical axis J of the optical path of the photographing optical system 50.
A quick return mirror 61, a field lens 62, a total reflection mirror 63, an eyepiece lens 64, and the like that are inserted into and removed from the No. Then, the reflected light from the eye E is guided to the imaging lens 52 via the objective lens 29, the central hole 28a of the perforated mirror 28, and the focus lens 51, and when performing focusing work, the optical axis A quick return mirror 61 is located on J3, and the reflected light guided to the imaging lens by the quick return mirror 61 is reflected to the eyepiece optical system 60. The film F is imaged by being retracted from the axis J3.

【００３６】上記の構成において、指標用光源４１を点
灯させると、その照明光は、防熱フィルタＦ１、赤外透
過フィルターＦ２、コンデンサーレンズ４２を透過して
ほぼ平行光束としてスプリットプリズム４３へと導か
れ、スプリットプリズム４３の各光入射面４３ａ，４３
ｂ，４３ｃと、指標板４４の各透光窓４４ａ，４４ｂ，
４４ｃとを通過する。In the above structure, when the index light source 41 is turned on, the illumination light is transmitted through the heat insulating filter F1, the infrared transmission filter F2 and the condenser lens 42 and is guided to the split prism 43 as a substantially parallel light beam. , The light incident surfaces 43a, 43 of the split prism 43
b and 43c, and the respective light-transmitting windows 44a and 44b of the index plate 44,
44c and.

【００３７】さらに、指標板４４の透光窓４４ａ，４４
ｂ，４４ｃを透過した照明光は、リレーレンズ４５、反
射ミラー４６、絞り部材４７の小孔Ｈ１，Ｈ２，Ｈ３、
反射光学部材４８の全反射面４８ｂ，４８ｃ，４８ｄを
経由し、撮影照明光学系２０のリングスリット２３ｂか
ら対物レンズ２９までを介して透光窓４４ａ，４４ｂ，
４４ｃの形状が被検眼Ｅの眼底Ｅｒに投影される。Further, the transparent windows 44a, 44 of the index plate 44
The illumination light transmitted through b and 44c is relay lens 45, reflection mirror 46, small holes H1, H2, H3 of diaphragm member 47,
Through the total reflection surfaces 48b, 48c, 48d of the reflection optical member 48, through the ring slit 23b of the photographing illumination optical system 20 and the objective lens 29, the translucent windows 44a, 44b,
The shape of 44c is projected on the fundus Er of the eye E to be examined.

【００３８】そして、この眼底Ｅｒに投影された透光窓
４４ａ，４４ｂ，４４ｃの形状、即ち、三角形状の指標
像Ｓ１，Ｓ２，Ｓ３の隣接した一辺同士が直線状態とな
るように、フォーカスレンズ５１の駆動に連動させてス
プリットプリズム４３及び指標板４４を光軸Ｊ２方向に
移動変移させる。Then, the shape of the light-transmitting windows 44a, 44b, 44c projected on the fundus Er, that is, the focus lenses are arranged so that adjacent sides of the triangular index images S1, S2, S3 are in a straight line state. Interlocking with the driving of 51, the split prism 43 and the index plate 44 are moved and displaced in the optical axis J2 direction.

【００３９】このように、本発明の眼科機械にあって
は、３つの指標のうち少なくとも２つの指標を被検眼内
に導けばピント合わせを行うことができ、例えば、被検
眼と光軸とに多少のズレが生じても、２つの指標が被検
眼内に入っていれば合焦作業をすることができるので、
従来の２つの指標による合焦作業に比べよりスムーズな
撮影が可能となる。As described above, in the ophthalmologic machine of the present invention, focusing can be performed by guiding at least two of the three indices into the subject's eye. For example, the subject's eye and the optical axis can be aligned. Even if there is some misalignment, if the two indices are within the eye to be inspected, it is possible to perform focusing work.
A smoother shooting is possible as compared with the conventional focusing work using two indexes.

【００４０】ところで、本発明のスプリットプリズム４
３及び指標板４４は、上記実施例に限定されるものでは
なく、例えば、図９に示したような構成とすることも可
能である。尚、図９は上記実施例における図２に対応し
た要部の斜視図が示されている。By the way, the split prism 4 of the present invention
3 and the index plate 44 are not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may have a configuration as shown in FIG. 9, for example. Incidentally, FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a main part corresponding to FIG. 2 in the above embodiment.

【００４１】図９に示した円板状のスプリットプリズム
７３及び指標板７４は、上記実施例と同様に、均等な３
面の光入射面７３ａ，７３ｂ，７３ｃと、指標としての
３つの透光窓７４ａ，７４ｂ，７４ｃとを有している。The disk-shaped split prism 73 and index plate 74 shown in FIG.
The light incident surfaces 73a, 73b, 73c and the three translucent windows 74a, 74b, 74c as indexes are provided.

【００４２】光入射面７３ａ，７３ｂ，７３ｃは、その
傾斜方向がスプリットプリズム７３の外周端面の肉厚よ
りもその中心の肉厚の方が薄くなる方向に形斜してい
る。このことにより、透光窓７４ａ，７４ｂ，７４ｃに
対応した被検眼内の指標像（共に図示せず）は図９矢印
ニ，ホ，ヘに示したように、各透光窓７４ａ，７４ｂ，
７４ｃの一頂点と光軸Ｊ２とを結ぶ線上を移動変移す
る。The light incident surfaces 73a, 73b, 73c are inclined such that the direction of inclination is such that the thickness at the center is thinner than the thickness at the outer peripheral end surface of the split prism 73. As a result, the index images (both not shown) in the eye to be inspected corresponding to the translucent windows 74a, 74b, 74c are respectively transmitted through the translucent windows 74a, 74b, as shown by arrows D, E and F in FIG.
It moves and changes on a line connecting one apex of 74c and the optical axis J2.

【００４３】尚、スプリットプリズム及び指標板は、図
１０に示すように、円板状のスプリットプリズム８３に
均等な４面の光入射面８３ａ，８３ｂ，８３ｃ，８３ｄ
を、指標板８４に指標としての４つの透光窓８４ａ，８
４ｂ，８４ｃ，８４ｄを有するように構成することも可
能である。The split prism and the index plate are, as shown in FIG. 10, four light incident surfaces 83a, 83b, 83c and 83d which are even on the disc-shaped split prism 83.
On the index plate 84 as four transparent windows 84a, 8a
It is also possible to have 4b, 84c, and 84d.

【００４４】さらに、指標の形状は、例えば、図１１に
示すように、真円状のものを使用しても良い。このと
き、合焦状態を示す指標像Ｓ４，Ｓ５，Ｓ６は、図１１
（Ａ）に示すように、指標像Ｓ４，Ｓ５，Ｓ６が合致し
た状態、或は、図１１（Ｂ）に示すように、指標像Ｓ
４，Ｓ５，Ｓ６が重ね合って一致した状態となると合焦
状態とするように設定することも可能である。しかも、
図１１（Ｂ）に示した場合には、ＣＣＤに各指標像Ｓ
４，Ｓ５，Ｓ６の光量を監視させ、指標像Ｓ４，Ｓ５，
Ｓ６の何れか一部が重なったときの光量増加を検出して
合焦判断をさせたり、或は、指標像Ｓ４，Ｓ５，Ｓ６の
何れか一部が重なった後は、その重なった部分を指標像
Ｓ４，Ｓ５，Ｓ６の集合基準点として自動的に指標像Ｓ
４，Ｓ５，Ｓ６が重なり合うように合焦作業をするよう
に設定することも可能である。Further, the shape of the index may be a perfect circle, for example, as shown in FIG. At this time, the index images S4, S5, S6 showing the focused state are shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 11A, the index images S4, S5 and S6 are in a matched state, or as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to set the in-focus state when 4, S5, S6 are overlapped and brought into coincidence. Moreover,
In the case shown in FIG. 11B, each index image S is displayed on the CCD.
4, the amount of light of S5, S6 is monitored, and the index images S4, S5,
When an increase in the amount of light when any part of S6 overlaps is detected, the focus determination is made, or after any one of the index images S4, S5, S6 overlaps, the overlapped part is detected. The index image S is automatically set as a set reference point of the index images S4, S5, S6.
It is also possible to set the focusing work so that 4, S5 and S6 overlap.

【００４５】[0045]

【効果】以上説明したように、この発明は、スプリット
プリズムにはその光軸方向の移動変移に伴って前記被検
眼に投影された前記指標を移動変移させるように傾斜設
定された少なくとも３面以上の光入射面が形成され、前
記指標板には前記光入射面の面数と同数の指標が前記光
入射面に対応して設けられていることにより、少なくと
も３つ以上有する指標のうちの２つが被検眼に導かれて
いれば合焦適性状態とすることができ、合焦操作を容易
に行うことができる。As described above, according to the present invention, the split prism has at least three or more surfaces that are inclined and set so as to move and shift the index projected on the eye to be examined in accordance with the moving shift in the optical axis direction. 2 of the indexes having at least 3 or more, since the light incident surface is formed and the index plate is provided with the same number of indexes as the number of the light incident surfaces corresponding to the light incident surface. If the subject is guided to the eye to be inspected, it can be brought into a focus suitable state, and the focus operation can be easily performed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】本発明の眼科機械の光学系を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an optical system of an ophthalmologic machine of the present invention.

【図２】スプリットプリズム及び指標板の拡大斜視図で
ある。FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a split prism and an index plate.

【図３】絞り部材の拡大斜視図である。FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a diaphragm member.

【図４】反射光学部材の拡大正面図である。FIG. 4 is an enlarged front view of a reflective optical member.

【図５】被検眼の正面図である。FIG. 5 is a front view of an eye to be inspected.

【図６】（Ａ）は合焦状態を示す眼底像と指標像との関
係を示す説明図、（Ｂ）は非合焦状態の一例を示す眼底
像と指標像との関係を示す説明図である。6A is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a fundus image showing a focused state and an index image, and FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a fundus image and an index image showing an example of a non-focused state. Is.

【図７】（Ａ）は他の合焦状態を示す被検眼の正面図、
（Ｂ）は同じくその眼底像と指標像との関係を示す説明
図である。FIG. 7A is a front view of the eye to be inspected showing another focused state;
(B) is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the fundus image and the index image.

【図８】（Ａ）はさらに他の合焦状態を示す被検眼の正
面図、（Ｂ）は同じくその眼底像と指標像との関係を示
す説明図である。FIG. 8A is a front view of the eye to be inspected showing still another in-focus state, and FIG. 8B is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the fundus image and the index image of the same.

【図９】第２実施例を示すスプリットプリズム及び指標
板の拡大斜視図である。FIG. 9 is an enlarged perspective view of a split prism and an index plate showing a second embodiment.

【図１０】第３実施例を示すスプリットプリズム及び指
標板の拡大斜視図である。FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of a split prism and an index plate showing a third embodiment.

【図１１】第４実施例を示す眼底像と指標像との関係を
示す説明図である。FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a fundus image and an index image according to the fourth embodiment.

【図１２】従来の指標光学系の説明図である。FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional index optical system.

【図１３】従来の絞り部材の拡大正面図である。FIG. 13 is an enlarged front view of a conventional diaphragm member.

【図１４】（Ａ）は従来の指標光学系による合焦状態を
示す被検眼の正面図、（Ｂ）は同じくその眼底像と指標
像との関係を示す説明図である。FIG. 14A is a front view of an eye to be inspected showing a focused state by a conventional index optical system, and FIG. 14B is an explanatory view showing a relationship between the fundus image and the index image.

【図１５】（Ａ）は従来の指標光学系による非合焦状態
を示す被検眼の正面図、（Ｂ）は同じくその眼底像と指
標像との関係を示す説明図である。FIG. 15A is a front view of an eye to be inspected showing a non-focused state by a conventional index optical system, and FIG. 15B is an explanatory view showing a relationship between the fundus image and the index image.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

Ｊ２…光軸 ４０…指標投影光学系 ４１…指標投影光源 ４３…スプリットプリズム ４３ａ…光入射面 ４３ｂ…光入射面 ４３ｃ…光入射面 ４４…指標板 ４４ａ…透光窓（指標） ４４ｂ…透光窓（指標） ４４ｃ…透光窓（指標） Ｅ…被検眼 Ｅｒ…眼底 J2 ... optical axis 40 ... Index projection optical system 41 ... Index projection light source 43 ... Split prism 43a ... Light incident surface 43b ... Light incident surface 43c ... Light incident surface 44 ... Index plate 44a ... Translucent window (index) 44b ... Translucent window (index) 44c ... Transparent window (index) E ... Eye to be examined Er ... fundus

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 指標投影光学系の光路途中に位置して該
指標投影光学系の光軸方向に移動変移可能な合焦のため
のスプリットプリズムと指標板とが配設され、指標投影
光源からの照明光により前記指標板の指標が被検眼の眼
底に投影される眼科機械において、 前記スプリットプリズムにはその光軸方向の移動変移に
伴って前記被検眼に投影された前記指標を移動変移させ
るように傾斜設定された少なくとも３面以上の光入射面
が形成され、前記指標板には前記光入射面の面数と同数
の指標が前記光入射面に対応して設けられていることを
特徴とする眼科機械。1. A split prism and an index plate for focusing, which are located in the optical path of the index projection optical system and are movable and movable in the optical axis direction of the index projection optical system, are provided, In the ophthalmologic machine in which the index of the index plate is projected on the fundus of the eye by the illumination light of, the split prism moves and shifts the index projected on the eye along with the movement shift in the optical axis direction. Thus, at least three or more light incident surfaces that are inclined and set are formed, and the index plate is provided with the same number of indexes as the number of the light incident surfaces corresponding to the light incident surfaces. Ophthalmic machine to be. 【請求項２】 前記指標の形状は三角形状を呈し、且
つ、合焦が適正状態にあるときには隣接した指標の一辺
同士により連続した直線部分が形成されることを特徴と
する請求項１に記載の眼科機械。2. The index has a triangular shape, and when the focus is in an appropriate state, a continuous straight line portion is formed by one side of the adjacent index. Ophthalmic machine.