JPH05140606A - High-strength structural member - Google Patents
High-strength structural memberInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05140606A JPH05140606A JP3261464A JP26146491A JPH05140606A JP H05140606 A JPH05140606 A JP H05140606A JP 3261464 A JP3261464 A JP 3261464A JP 26146491 A JP26146491 A JP 26146491A JP H05140606 A JPH05140606 A JP H05140606A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- particle
- composite
- layer
- crystal structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- OOYGSFOGFJDDHP-KMCOLRRFSA-N kanamycin A sulfate Chemical group OS(O)(=O)=O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N OOYGSFOGFJDDHP-KMCOLRRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、各種機械部品等として
用いられる高強度構造部材に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high strength structural member used as various machine parts and the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、この種構造部材として、金属単体
粒子、セラミック粒子の表面を金属層により覆った複合
粒子等の金属質粒子を用いて粉末冶金法の適用下で製造
されたものが知られている。この場合、構造部材の高強
度化を達成するため金属質粒子としては微細なものが用
いられる。2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, as this kind of structural member, there has been known one produced by applying a powder metallurgy method using metallic particles such as metal single particles and composite particles in which surfaces of ceramic particles are covered with a metal layer. Has been. In this case, fine particles are used as the metallic particles in order to achieve high strength of the structural member.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら従来材に
おける金属質粒子は、粒径が小さく、且つ表面エネルギ
が大きいため、その高い化学的活性に起因して表面が酸
化され易く、その結果、粒子表面の酸化物層が粒子相互
間の焼結を妨げるため、無加圧下での焼結処理によって
は高密度、したがって高強度な構造部材を得ることがで
きない、という問題がある。However, since the metallic particles in the conventional material have a small particle size and a large surface energy, the surface is easily oxidized due to their high chemical activity, and as a result, the particle surface is However, there is a problem in that it is not possible to obtain a structural member having a high density and therefore a high strength by the sintering process under no pressure because the oxide layer of (1) interferes with the sintering between particles.
【０００４】本発明は前記に鑑み、少なくとも表面側を
特定結晶構造にした金属質粒子を構成材料とする高強度
な前記構造部材を提供することを目的とする。In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide the above-mentioned structural member having a high strength, which is composed of metallic particles having a specific crystal structure at least on the surface side.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係る高強度構造
部材は、少なくとも表面側が単結晶構造の金属より構成
された金属質粒子相互間を接合したことを特徴とする。A high-strength structural member according to the present invention is characterized in that metallic particles composed of a metal having a single crystal structure at least on the surface side are joined together.
【０００６】[0006]
【実施例】図１は、金属質粒子としての複合粒子の製造
に用いられる装置を示す。その複合粒子は単結晶構造の
セラミック粒子の表面を単結晶構造の金属層により覆っ
たものである。EXAMPLE FIG. 1 shows an apparatus used for producing composite particles as metallic particles. The composite particles are obtained by covering the surface of ceramic particles having a single crystal structure with a metal layer having a single crystal structure.
【０００７】前記製造装置は、メインチャンバ１と、そ
のメインチャンバ１の下方に連設されたサブチャンバ２
とを有し、両チャンバ１，２はダクト３およびその下端
に取付けられたノズル４を介して連通する。メインチャ
ンバ１内に挿入されたＷ電極５とメインチャンバ１内に
設置されたＣｕ製ハース６とが電源７に接続される。サ
ブチャンバ２内には可動基板８が配置されてノズル４と
対向する。メインチャンバ１は雰囲気ガス供給源９に接
続され、一方、サブチャンバ２は真空ポンプ１０に接続
される。The manufacturing apparatus comprises a main chamber 1 and a sub-chamber 2 connected below the main chamber 1.
And the chambers 1 and 2 communicate with each other through a duct 3 and a nozzle 4 attached to the lower end thereof. A W electrode 5 inserted in the main chamber 1 and a Cu hearth 6 installed in the main chamber 1 are connected to a power supply 7. A movable substrate 8 is arranged in the sub chamber 2 and faces the nozzle 4. The main chamber 1 is connected to an atmospheric gas supply source 9, while the sub chamber 2 is connected to a vacuum pump 10.
【０００８】複合粒子の製造には次のような手順が採用
される。 （１） ハース６内に金属塊Ｍを入れる。 （２） 真空ポンプ１０を作動させてサブチャンバ２内
を減圧する。 （３） 雰囲気ガス供給源９を作動させてメインチャン
バ１内に雰囲気ガスを供給し、その雰囲気ガスをダクト
３を通じてノズル４よりサブチャンバ２内に噴射させ
る。 （４） Ｗ電極５およびハース６間に電圧を印加してア
ーク放電を発生させ、これにより金属塊Ｍを溶融して金
属蒸気を発生させる。The following procedure is adopted for producing the composite particles. (1) Put the metal mass M in the hearth 6. (2) The vacuum pump 10 is operated to reduce the pressure in the sub chamber 2. (3) The atmosphere gas supply source 9 is operated to supply the atmosphere gas into the main chamber 1, and the atmosphere gas is injected from the nozzle 4 into the sub chamber 2 through the duct 3. (4) A voltage is applied between the W electrode 5 and the hearth 6 to generate arc discharge, whereby the metal lump M is melted and metal vapor is generated.
【０００９】この金属蒸気と雰囲気ガスとが反応するこ
とにより、セラミック粒子表面を金属層により被覆した
超微細な多面体形複合粒子が製造される。その複合粒子
の製造過程では、先ず、金属蒸気と雰囲気ガスとの反応
で、単結晶構造の多面体形セラミック粒子が生成され、
次いでそのセラミック粒子の表面に付着した金属蒸気が
エピタクシ成長して単結晶構造の多面体形金属層が生成
される、といった現象が発生する。 （５） 複合粒子はダクト３を通じてノズル４より基板
８に噴射され、その基板８上に堆積する。By reacting the metal vapor with the atmospheric gas, ultrafine polyhedral composite particles in which the surfaces of the ceramic particles are covered with a metal layer are produced. In the manufacturing process of the composite particles, first, polyhedral ceramic particles having a single crystal structure are generated by the reaction between the metal vapor and the atmospheric gas,
Then, a phenomenon occurs in which the metal vapor adhering to the surface of the ceramic particles epitaxially grows to form a polyhedral metal layer having a single crystal structure. (5) The composite particles are jetted from the nozzle 4 to the substrate 8 through the duct 3 and are deposited on the substrate 8.
【００１０】構造部材としての粒子強化金属基複合部材
（以下、ＰＲＭと称す）の製造に当っては、複合粒子を
単独で用いるか、または他の単結晶構造の金属単体粒子
を併用して、圧粉成形、焼結処理を順次行うことにより
複合粒子の金属層相互間を接合してＰＲＭを製造する。
複合粒子と金属単体粒子との混合粒子を用いる場合に
は、複合粒子中に存在するセラミック粒子の、ＰＲＭ全
体に対する体積分率Ｖｆは１％以上に設定される。In the production of a particle-reinforced metal-based composite member (hereinafter referred to as PRM) as a structural member, the composite particles may be used alone or in combination with other single metal particles having a single crystal structure. The PRM is manufactured by joining the metal layers of the composite particles to each other by sequentially performing the powder compacting and the sintering treatment.
When the mixed particles of the composite particles and the simple metal particles are used, the volume fraction Vf of the ceramic particles present in the composite particles with respect to the entire PRM is set to 1% or more.
【００１１】単結晶構造の金属層等においては、転位、
欠陥、結晶粒界等が生じていないため化学的活性が低
く、したがって金属層等は極めて酸化しにくいという特
性を有する。In a metal layer having a single crystal structure, dislocations,
Since no defects and crystal grain boundaries are generated, the chemical activity is low, and therefore the metal layer has a characteristic that it is extremely difficult to oxidize.
【００１２】これにより、焼結段階において粒子相互間
の焼結を確実に行って、金属マトリックスに超微細なセ
ラミック粒子を均一に分散させた高密度な高強度ＰＲＭ
が得られる。[0012] As a result, in the sintering stage, the particles are reliably sintered together, and the ultra-fine ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed in the metal matrix to provide a high density and high strength PRM.
Is obtained.
【００１３】セラミック粒子としては、アスペクト比を
有するものが良い。この場合、アスペクト比は長さをＬ
とし、粒径をＤとしたとき、Ｌ／Ｄで表わされる。した
がってセラミック粒子は非球状であって略短柱状とな
る。The ceramic particles preferably have an aspect ratio. In this case, the aspect ratio is L
And the particle diameter is D, it is represented by L / D. Therefore, the ceramic particles are non-spherical and have a substantially short columnar shape.
【００１４】ＰＲＭにおける粒子強化機構は、その粒子
回りの金属マトリックスが粒子の存在によってひずみを
受け、そのひずみに破壊時のクラック、転位等がとらえ
られて、その伝播が抑制される、ということにある。し
たがってセラミック粒子が球状でなく、略短柱状をなす
方が、周囲の金属マトリックスに与えるひずみが大きく
なり、転位等の伝播をより一層抑制することができる。The particle strengthening mechanism in PRM is that the metal matrix around the particles is strained by the presence of particles, and cracks, dislocations, etc. at the time of fracture are caught by the strain, and their propagation is suppressed. is there. Therefore, when the ceramic particles are not spherical but have a substantially short columnar shape, the strain applied to the surrounding metal matrix is large, and the propagation of dislocations and the like can be further suppressed.
【００１５】金属塊Ｍとしては、Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｔｉ等の
単体または合金が用いられる。As the metal block M, a simple substance such as Fe, Al, Ti or an alloy thereof is used.
【００１６】雰囲気ガスとしては、Ｎ2 ガス、Ｏ2 ガ
ス、ＣＨ4 ガス、ジボランガス等が用いられ、また必要
に応じてＡｒガスが併用される。したがって、セラミッ
ク粒子は、前記金属の窒化物、炭化物、ホウ化物または
酸化物である。As the atmosphere gas, N 2 gas, O 2 gas, CH 4 gas, diborane gas, etc. are used, and Ar gas is also used together if necessary. Therefore, the ceramic particles are nitrides, carbides, borides or oxides of said metals.
【００１７】次に、具体例について説明する。Next, a specific example will be described.
【００１８】図１の装置を用いた前記製造方法におい
て、金属塊として純Ａｌを用い、また雰囲気ガスとして
純度９９．９９％のＮ2 ガスおよび純度９９．９９％の
Ａｒガスを用いて、サブチャンバ内の気圧１０-2Torr、
ノズルの直径０．８mmの条件下で複合粒子を製造した。In the manufacturing method using the apparatus of FIG. 1, pure Al is used as the metal mass, and N 2 gas having a purity of 99.99% and Ar gas having a purity of 99.99% are used as the atmosphere gas. Air pressure in chamber 10 -2 Torr,
Composite particles were produced under conditions where the nozzle diameter was 0.8 mm.
【００１９】図２は、複合粒子Ｐの結晶構造を示す顕微
鏡写真（３０万倍）であり、また図３は図２に対応する
複合粒子Ｐの概略横断面図である。その複合粒子Ｐは、
単結晶構造で横断面六角形の八面体形ＡｌＮ粒子（セラ
ミック粒子）ｃと、その表面を被覆する単結晶構造で横
断面六角形の八面体形Ａｌ層（金属層）ｍとよりなる。
Ａｌ層ｍはＡｌＮ粒子ｃ表面にエピタクシ成長してお
り、これによりＡｌＮ粒子ｃとＡｌ層ｍとの間の接合強
度が高くなる。またＡｌＮ粒子ｃは、Ｃ軸方向において
或程度のアスペクト比を有するもので、略短六角柱状を
なす。FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph (300,000 times) showing the crystal structure of the composite particle P, and FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite particle P corresponding to FIG. The composite particles P are
It is composed of octahedral AlN particles (ceramic particles) c having a single-crystal structure and a hexagonal cross section, and octahedral Al layers (metal layers) m having a single-crystal structure and a hexagonal cross-section covering the surface thereof.
The Al layer m is epitaxially grown on the surface of the AlN particle c, which increases the bonding strength between the AlN particle c and the Al layer m. Also, the AlN particles c have a certain aspect ratio in the C-axis direction, and have a substantially short hexagonal column shape.
【００２０】各種複合粒子Ｐにおいて、ガス分圧と複合
比との関係は表１の通りである。なお、複合比は、図３
において、複合粒子Ｐの中心とＡｌ層ｍの１つの稜部と
の間の間隔をｄ1 とし、また前記中心とＡｌＮ粒子ｃの
１つの稜部との間の間隔をｄ2 としたとき、ｄ2 ／ｄ1
で表わされる。Table 1 shows the relationship between the gas partial pressure and the composite ratio in various composite particles P. The composite ratio is shown in FIG.
In the above, when the distance between the center of the composite particle P and one edge of the Al layer m is d 1, and the distance between the center and one edge of the AlN particle c is d 2 , d 2 / d 1
It is represented by.
【００２１】[0021]
【表１】 表１より、Ｎ2 ガス分圧の上昇に伴い複合比が増加する
ことが判る。この場合、複合粒子Ｐの前記間隔ｄ1 の２
倍を粒径とすると、複合粒子Ｐの平均粒径は４０〜１２
０ｎｍであり、超微細である。[Table 1] It can be seen from Table 1 that the composite ratio increases as the partial pressure of N 2 gas increases. In this case, the distance d 1 of the composite particles P is 2
The average particle diameter of the composite particles P is 40 to 12
It is 0 nm and is ultrafine.
【００２２】次に、平均粒径１００ｎｍの複合粒子およ
び単結晶構造で平均粒径１００ｎｍのＡｌ合金粒子（２
０２４材）とよりなる混合粒子を用い、加圧力４ｔ／cm
2 にて直径１０mm、厚さ３mmであって相対密度８５％の
圧粉体を成形し、その後圧粉体に真空中にて１２時間の
焼結処理を施して各種ＰＲＭを製造した。この場合のＡ
ｌＮ粒子の体積分率Ｖｆは１０％である。Next, composite particles having an average particle size of 100 nm and Al alloy particles having a single crystal structure and an average particle size of 100 nm (2
024 material) and a pressure of 4 t / cm
2, a green compact having a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 3 mm and a relative density of 85% was molded, and then the green compact was subjected to a sintering treatment in a vacuum for 12 hours to produce various PRMs. A in this case
The volume fraction Vf of 1N particles is 10%.
【００２３】図４、線ａはＰＲＭにおける焼結温度と相
対密度との関係を示す。図中、線ｂは、平均粒径１００
ｎｍの多結晶構造Ａｌ合金粒子（２０２４材）を用いて
前記と同一条件で製造された比較例を示す。FIG. 4, line a shows the relationship between the sintering temperature and the relative density in PRM. In the figure, line b is an average particle size of 100.
A comparative example manufactured using the Al alloy particles (2024 material) having a polycrystalline structure of 20 nm under the same conditions as described above will be shown.
【００２４】線ａおよびｂを比較すると明らかなよう
に、１８０℃程度で焼結が開始されて相対密度の上昇が
見られるが、その後の焼結進行度合は、線ａで示すＰＲ
Ｍの方が線ｂの比較例に比べて急速に上昇する。As is clear from the comparison between the lines a and b, the sintering starts at about 180 ° C. and the relative density increases, but the degree of progress of the sintering thereafter is PR.
M increases more rapidly than the comparative example of line b.
【００２５】このような現象の発生は、線ａの本発明に
おいては、金属層ｍおよびＡｌ合金粒子が単結晶構造で
あってそれらの表面に酸化物層が無いか、または在って
も僅少である、ということに起因し、一方、線ｂの場合
は、Ａｌ合金粒子が微細で且つ多結晶構造であるため、
粒子表面が酸化物層により覆われている、ということに
起因する。In the present invention of the line a, the occurrence of such a phenomenon is such that the metal layer m and the Al alloy particles have a single crystal structure and there is no oxide layer on their surface, or even if they exist, they are very small. On the other hand, in the case of the line b, on the other hand, since the Al alloy particles are fine and have a polycrystalline structure,
This is because the particle surface is covered with the oxide layer.
【００２６】なお、前記複合粒子には、セラミック粒子
表面を金属層により完全被覆していないものも含まれ
る。The composite particles include those in which the surface of ceramic particles is not completely covered with a metal layer.
【００２７】[0027]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、前記のような特定結晶
構造を有する金属質粒子を用いることによって、高強度
な構造部材を提供することができる。According to the present invention, a structural member having high strength can be provided by using the metallic particles having the above-mentioned specific crystal structure.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】複合粒子製造装置の概略断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for producing composite particles.
【図２】複合粒子の結晶構造を示す顕微鏡写真である。FIG. 2 is a micrograph showing a crystal structure of composite particles.
【図３】複合粒子の概略横断面図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of composite particles.
【図４】焼結温度と相対密度との関係を示すグラフであ
る。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between sintering temperature and relative density.
Ｐ 複合粒子 ｃ ＡｌＮ粒子（セラミック粒子） ｍ Ａｌ層（金属層） P composite particles c AlN particles (ceramic particles) m Al layer (metal layer)
フロントページの続き (71)出願人 000005326 本田技研工業株式会社 東京都港区南青山二丁目１番１号 (72)発明者 井上 明久 宮城県仙台市青葉区川内無番地 川内住宅 11−806 (72)発明者 増本 健 宮城県仙台市青葉区上杉３丁目８−22 (72)発明者 笹原 潤 埼玉県和光市中央１丁目４番１号 株式会 社本田技術研究所内 (72)発明者 野崎 勝敏 埼玉県和光市中央１丁目４番１号 株式会 社本田技術研究所内 (72)発明者 山口 正志 宮城県仙台市太白区鹿野３−24−23Front page continuation (71) Applicant 000005326 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. 1-1-1, Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Akihisa Inoue Kawauchi Muzenchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 11-806 (72) Inventor Ken Masumoto 3-8-22 Uesugi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture (72) Inventor Jun Sasahara 1-4-1 Chuo, Wako City, Saitama Prefectural Institute of Technology (72) Inventor Katsutoshi Nozaki Saitama Prefecture 1-4-1 Chuo, Wako-shi, Ltd., Honda R & D Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masashi Yamaguchi 3-24-23, Kano, Taishiro-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi Prefecture
Claims (2)
り構成された金属質粒子相互間を接合してなる高強度構
造部材。1. A high-strength structural member in which metallic particles composed of a metal having a single crystal structure at least on the surface side are joined together.
が、セラミック粒子の表面を金属層により覆った複合粒
子であり、前記セラミック粒子はアスペクト比を有す
る、請求項１記載の高強度構造部材。2. The high-strength structural member according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the metallic particles is a composite particle in which the surface of the ceramic particle is covered with a metal layer, and the ceramic particle has an aspect ratio.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3261464A JPH05140606A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1991-09-13 | High-strength structural member |
| US07/943,324 US5436080A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-09-10 | High strength structural member and process for producing the same |
| EP92115508A EP0532000B1 (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-09-10 | High strength structural member and process for producing the same |
| DE69221047T DE69221047T2 (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-09-10 | Construction element with high strength and method of its production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3261464A JPH05140606A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1991-09-13 | High-strength structural member |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05140606A true JPH05140606A (en) | 1993-06-08 |
Family
ID=17362264
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3261464A Pending JPH05140606A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1991-09-13 | High-strength structural member |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05140606A (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-09-13 JP JP3261464A patent/JPH05140606A/en active Pending
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