JPH0451180A - Thermal fixing device - Google Patents
Thermal fixing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0451180A JPH0451180A JP15883990A JP15883990A JPH0451180A JP H0451180 A JPH0451180 A JP H0451180A JP 15883990 A JP15883990 A JP 15883990A JP 15883990 A JP15883990 A JP 15883990A JP H0451180 A JPH0451180 A JP H0451180A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- resistor layer
- roller
- heating resistor
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFIULKOFNBYKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Mn].[Ni].[Fe] Chemical compound [Cr].[Mn].[Ni].[Fe] UFIULKOFNBYKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe].[Ni] BIJOYKCOMBZXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017086 Fe-M Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003189 Nylon 4,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000979 O alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- BCDWXIPZSYBYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn][Cr][Fe] BCDWXIPZSYBYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野コ
本発明は画像形成装置の熱定着装置に関り、特にそのヒ
ートローラに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a heat fixing device for an image forming apparatus, and particularly to a heat roller thereof.
［従来の技術］
従来、靜ｔ￥真プロセスを利用した画像形成装置に用い
られている定着装置には、その多くが熱効率と定着性の
観点から、少なくとも一方が熱源を有し、互いに圧接回
転する一対のローラ等からなる熱定着装置が用いられて
いる。この熱源を有するローラ（以後ヒートローラと略
称）の表面には、温度検出手段としてのサーミスタ素子
等が接触しており、温度制御用電源と協調してヒートロ
ーラの表面温度を所定の定着温度になるよう制御するよ
うになっている。このようにして加熱されたローラ間を
トナー像が転写された転写用紙が通遇すると、熱と圧力
によって転写用紙上にトナー像が定着されるのである。[Prior Art] Conventionally, most of the fixing devices used in image forming apparatuses using the silent process have at least one heat source and rotate in pressure contact with each other from the viewpoint of thermal efficiency and fixing performance. A thermal fixing device consisting of a pair of rollers or the like is used. A thermistor element, etc. as a temperature detection means is in contact with the surface of the roller having this heat source (hereinafter referred to as heat roller), and in cooperation with the temperature control power supply, the surface temperature of the heat roller is maintained at a predetermined fixing temperature. It is designed to be controlled so that When the transfer paper on which the toner image has been transferred passes between the heated rollers in this manner, the toner image is fixed onto the transfer paper by heat and pressure.
さて、上記ヒートローラとしてはシーズヒータやハロゲ
ンランプ等をローラ内部に挿入して固定した方式が一般
的であるが、所定温度までの立ち上がり時間が１分以上
と長く、消費電力も大きくなるきらいがあった。Now, the heat rollers mentioned above are generally made by inserting and fixing a sheathed heater or a halogen lamp inside the roller, but these tend to take a long time to rise to a predetermined temperature, at more than 1 minute, and tend to consume a lot of power. there were.
これらを改善する方法として発熱部を極力ヒートローラ
外周部に設けることが提案されており、所定温度までの
立ち上がり時間が２０〜３０秒、初期投入電力が４００
Ｗに改善されることが報告されている（特開昭６０−１
６３０７０号、特開昭６１−１３４７７６号、特開昭６
２−２４７３８６号等）。しかし、上記特許公報に開示
された技術を電子写真記録式ファクシミリに適用するた
めには昇温時間４秒以下になるように、なお大幅な特性
改善が不可欠となっている。また、ヒートローラの表面
温度を検出することも難しい技術を必要としており（例
えば特開昭６４−２５１７７号、特開平１−１００５８
４号）、本熱定着装置の構成を複雑化させている。As a method to improve these problems, it has been proposed to provide the heat generating part as close to the outer periphery of the heat roller as possible.
It has been reported that the improvement in W
No. 63070, JP-A-61-134776, JP-A-6
2-247386 etc.). However, in order to apply the technology disclosed in the above-mentioned patent publication to an electrophotographic facsimile, it is essential to significantly improve the characteristics so that the heating time is 4 seconds or less. Furthermore, it requires difficult technology to detect the surface temperature of the heat roller (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 64-25177 and 1-10058).
No. 4), which complicates the configuration of the heat fixing device.
また、発熱抵抗体層の所定温度までの立ち上がり時間を
短縮するためにアスベスト、セラミック等からなる円筒
状耐熱断熱材層を形成し、その断熱材層の表面に蒸着法
、イオンブレーティング法により発熱抵抗体層を設ける
ヒートローラを用いる熱定着装置の提案（実開昭５６−
１２０５５９号、実開昭５８−１７５５５１号）がある
が、その効果は不明確のままである。In addition, in order to shorten the time it takes for the heating resistor layer to rise to a predetermined temperature, a cylindrical heat-resistant insulation material layer made of asbestos, ceramic, etc. is formed, and heat is generated on the surface of the insulation material layer by vapor deposition or ion blating. Proposal of a heat fixing device using a heat roller provided with a resistor layer (Utility Model Opening in 1983-
No. 120559, U.S. Pat. No. 58-175551), but their effects remain unclear.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
ところで第１図に断面図を示すように熱定着装置は、ロ
ーラ芯体１と発熱抵抗体層２および非粘着性樹脂層３か
ら構成されているヒートローラ１０と、圧着ローラ２０
とから構成されている。圧着ローラ２０はヒートローラ
１０に用紙８が接触して十分な熱量がトナー７と用紙８
に伝わるように、回転軸を持つ金属コア４にシリコンゴ
ムやフッ素ゴム等からなる耐熱弾性体５が被覆されてい
る。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As shown in a cross-sectional view in FIG. and pressure roller 20
It is composed of. When the paper 8 comes into contact with the heat roller 10 of the pressure roller 20, a sufficient amount of heat is applied to the toner 7 and the paper 8.
As can be seen, a metal core 4 having a rotating shaft is coated with a heat-resistant elastic body 5 made of silicone rubber, fluororubber, or the like.
そして、圧着ローラ２０は一定の圧力でヒートローラ１
０に押しつけられ、矢印の方向に回転される。加熱され
たローラ１０とローラ２０間をトナー像が転写された転
写用紙８を通過させることにより、熱と圧力によって転
写用紙８上にトナー像を定着させるのである。Then, the pressure roller 20 is applied to the heat roller 1 with a constant pressure.
0 and rotated in the direction of the arrow. By passing the transfer paper 8 on which the toner image has been transferred between the heated rollers 10 and 20, the toner image is fixed on the transfer paper 8 by heat and pressure.
このとき、発熱抵抗体層２の熱容量が小さいと、ヒート
ローラ１０と圧着ローラ２０との接触部分で定着熱量が
不足することがある。そのため、発熱抵抗体層２は１０
０μ程度の膜厚を持つことが必要である。At this time, if the heat capacity of the heating resistor layer 2 is small, the amount of fixing heat may be insufficient at the contact portion between the heat roller 10 and the pressure roller 20. Therefore, the heating resistor layer 2 has 10
It is necessary to have a film thickness of about 0μ.
ところが前記実開昭５６−１２０５５９号公報および実
開昭５８−１７５５５１号公報に開示されたような発熱
抵抗体層を蒸着法またはイオンブレープレーティン法に
より製膜する方法では約０゜１〜１μ／分の速度でしか
金属膜をコーティングすることができない。また、スパ
ッタリング法による金属膜形成法では、約０．０１〜０
．１μ／分と、さらに膜形成速度が遅くなる。そのため
、蒸着法やスパッタリング法等によって膜厚的１００μ
の発熱抵抗体層を形成させることは実用的ではない。However, in the method of forming a heat generating resistor layer by vapor deposition or ion blast plating as disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 56-120559 and Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-175551, the thickness of the heating resistor layer is approximately 0°1 to 1μ. The metal film can only be coated at a speed of /min. In addition, in the metal film forming method using the sputtering method, approximately 0.01 to 0
．． The film formation rate becomes even slower at 1 μ/min. Therefore, a film with a thickness of 100 μm can be obtained using vapor deposition, sputtering, etc.
It is not practical to form a heating resistor layer of
そこで、本発明の目的は、所定温度までの立ち上がり時
間を大幅に短縮させ、しかも、熱定着装置として実用化
し得るビートローラを提供することである。また、本発
明の目的は平均的消費電力も大幅に低減させると共に、
発熱体そのものを温度検出手段として利用することによ
って熱定着装置の構成を簡略化させられるヒートローラ
を提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a beat roller that can significantly shorten the time required to rise to a predetermined temperature and can be put to practical use as a heat fixing device. Further, the purpose of the present invention is to significantly reduce average power consumption, and
It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat roller that can simplify the configuration of a heat fixing device by using the heating element itself as a temperature detection means.
［課題を解決するための手段］
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明は次の構成を採用
した。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following configuration.
すなわち、未定着トナー像を持つ像支持材を互いに圧接
回転する一対のローラ間に通過させて該未定着トナー像
を熱溶融定着させる熱定着装置において、前記一対のロ
ーラの少なくとも一方のローラは電気的、熱的絶縁性を
備えたローラ芯体と、このローラ芯体外周表面上に低温
アーク溶射法によって形成された発熱抵抗体層と、この
発熱抵抗体層表面上に形成された非粘着性樹脂層と、か
らなるヒートローラである熱定着装置、または、前記熱
定着装置を用いる、受信信号を一旦蓄積する記憶装置を
不要とした電子写真記録式ファクシミリ装置、
である。That is, in a thermal fixing device in which an image support material having an unfixed toner image is passed between a pair of rotating rollers in pressure contact with each other to thermally fuse and fix the unfixed toner image, at least one of the pair of rollers is electrically connected. A roller core with physical and thermal insulation properties, a heating resistor layer formed on the outer circumferential surface of the roller core by low-temperature arc spraying, and a non-adhesive layer formed on the surface of the heating resistor layer. and an electrophotographic facsimile device that uses the heat fixing device and does not require a storage device for temporarily storing received signals.
まず、ローラ芯体は電気的絶縁体で、熱伝導率が非常に
小さく、更に熱定着装置の常用温度１６０℃程度で、耐
熱性があり、しかも非粘着樹脂層をコーティングする際
の高温処理に耐え得る耐熱性の素材であることが要求さ
れる。さらに、熱定着処理時の加圧に耐え得る機械的性
能が要求される。これらの性能を満足させるものとして
、合成樹脂が最適である。例えば、耐熱仕様のポリアミ
ド合成樹脂、ＰＥＥＫ （ポリエーテルエーテルケトン
）等が用いられる。First of all, the roller core is an electrical insulator with very low thermal conductivity. Furthermore, it is heat resistant at the normal operating temperature of a heat fixing device of about 160 degrees Celsius, and is also suitable for high-temperature processing when coating a non-adhesive resin layer. It is required that the material is heat resistant. Furthermore, mechanical performance that can withstand pressure during heat fixing processing is required. Synthetic resin is optimal as a material that satisfies these properties. For example, heat-resistant polyamide synthetic resin, PEEK (polyether ether ketone), etc. are used.
発熱抵抗体層には不活性ガスでアシストさせた低温アー
ク溶射法により金属を溶射して形成させる。金属として
は、ニッケル、鉄またはニッケル鉄合金をベースにした
合金を用いる。例えば、ニッケル、ニッケル−クロム、
ニッケル−クロム−鉄、鉄−クロム−アルミニウム、ニ
ッケル−クロム−鉄−マンガンが用いられる。これらの
合金の溶射膜の比抵抗は低温アーク溶射時（こ適切（二
制御された不活性ガス、例えば窒素ガスを噴流空気中に
導入することで、３００〜１０４μΩｃｍの範囲で任意
のものが得られる。さらに無機化合物の微粉体を加えな
がら溶射した発熱抵抗体層の比抵抗は１０’〜１０６μ
Ωｃｍにもすること力（できる、高い比抵抗値をもつ発
熱抵抗体層は大電流を流さなくても発熱させることがで
きるので、特′Ａ！１の電極を用いる必要がなくなる。The heating resistor layer is formed by thermally spraying metal using a low temperature arc spraying method assisted with an inert gas. The metal used is nickel, iron or an alloy based on a nickel-iron alloy. For example, nickel, nickel-chromium,
Nickel-chromium-iron, iron-chromium-aluminum, nickel-chromium-iron-manganese are used. The specific resistance of the sprayed film of these alloys can be adjusted to any value in the range of 300 to 104 μΩcm by introducing a controlled inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, into the jet air during low-temperature arc spraying. Furthermore, the resistivity of the heat-generating resistor layer sprayed while adding fine powder of an inorganic compound is 10' to 106μ.
Since the heating resistor layer having a high specific resistance value can generate heat even without passing a large current, there is no need to use the electrode of Special A!1.
例えｃｆ長さ２３ｃｍ、直径１．５ｃｍ、厚さ０．０１
ｃｍの円筒状の発熱抵抗体層の場合、比抵抗が３００μ
Ωｃｍのものは約０，１５Ωの抵抗値をもつが、１００
Ｗの電力投入で２６Ａの電流が流れる。これＧ二対して
比抵抗が５０００μΩｃｍのもの（ま抵抗値が約１．６
Ωであるので８Ａの電流し力）流れなり）。For example, cf length 23cm, diameter 1.5cm, thickness 0.01
In the case of a cylindrical heating resistor layer of cm, the specific resistance is 300μ
Ωcm has a resistance value of about 0.15Ω, but 100Ω
When power is turned on, a current of 26 A flows. This G2 has a specific resistance of 5000 μΩcm (or a resistance value of about 1.6
Ω, so the current is 8A (force).
なお、上記合金のなかでも二・７ケルークロムー鉄−マ
ンガン合金からなる発熱抵抗体層ζよ抵抗値の温度係数
が約７００Ｘ１０−’／℃と大きし）ため、それ自体が
温度制御用のセンサとなり得る。し力）も、低温アーク
溶射法は酸素を取り込むことが容易であるので、上記合
金を酸素含有合金とすることで抵抗値の温度係数はほと
んど変えないで発熱抵抗体層の比抵抗値を］−〇〇〇μ
Ωｃｍ以上に上げることができ、特別の大電流供給用電
極を設ける必要がなくなる。Among the above alloys, the heating resistor layer ζ made of a 2.7K chromium-iron-manganese alloy has a large temperature coefficient of resistance (approximately 700 x 10-'/°C), so it itself serves as a sensor for temperature control. obtain. Also, since low-temperature arc spraying method easily incorporates oxygen, by using the above alloy as an oxygen-containing alloy, the specific resistance value of the heating resistor layer can be improved without changing the temperature coefficient of the resistance value. −〇〇〇μ
It can be increased to Ωcm or more, and there is no need to provide a special large current supply electrode.
さらに、低温アーク溶射法は１００μ以上／分で膜形成
ができるため、熱定着装置のヒートローラとしての実用
に耐える熱容量をもった約１００μｍの厚みの発熱抵抗
体層が容易に得られる。しかも、低温雰囲気下でローラ
芯体表面に金属層をコーティングできるので、合成樹脂
製のローラ芯体であっても耐熱性中間層を介在させる必
要がなく、直接合成樹脂層表面にコーティングできる。Further, since the low-temperature arc spraying method can form a film at a rate of 100 μm or more per minute, it is possible to easily obtain a heating resistor layer with a thickness of about 100 μm and which has a heat capacity suitable for practical use as a heat roller of a heat fixing device. Moreover, since the metal layer can be coated on the surface of the roller core in a low-temperature atmosphere, even if the roller core is made of synthetic resin, there is no need to interpose a heat-resistant intermediate layer, and the coating can be directly applied to the surface of the synthetic resin layer.
さらに、低温アーク溶射法で得られる発熱抵抗体層は粗
面をもつため前処理をしなくても非粘着性樹脂層のコー
ティングが容易に行える。Furthermore, since the heating resistor layer obtained by low-temperature arc spraying has a rough surface, it can be easily coated with a non-adhesive resin layer without any pretreatment.
非粘着性樹脂層は、言うまでもなくヒートローラ側にト
ナーを付着させないためであり、耐熱性であって熱定着
処理中のトナーが付着しないものであればいかなるもの
でも用い得るが、フ・ノ素樹脂が最適である。Needless to say, the non-adhesive resin layer is used to prevent toner from adhering to the heat roller side, and any material can be used as long as it is heat resistant and does not allow toner to adhere during the heat fixing process. Resin is best.
［作用］
一般に断熱状態にある発熱抵抗体層を加熱して昇温させ
る場合、その昇温時間ｔは
ｔ＝（Ｕ・ρ・ε・△’ｌ”）／Ｗ （１）で表
される。ここでυは発熱抵抗体層の体積、ρはその密度
、εはその比熱、△Ｔは温度差、Ｗは単位時間当たりの
投入エネルギーである。[Function] When heating a heating resistor layer that is generally in an adiabatic state to raise its temperature, the temperature rising time t is expressed as t=(U・ρ・ε・△′l”)/W (1) Here, υ is the volume of the heating resistor layer, ρ is its density, ε is its specific heat, ΔT is the temperature difference, and W is the input energy per unit time.
昇温時間の短いヒートローラを最も初案に必要としてい
るものに電子写真記録ファクシミリ（以下、ＲＰＣ−Ｆ
ＡＸと略称する。）装置がある。The equipment that most requires a heat roller with a short heating time is the electrophotographic recording facsimile (hereinafter referred to as RPC-F).
It is abbreviated as AX. ) There is a device.
一般にファクシミリは相手からの送信信号を受けてから
実際に記録を始めるまでには１００秒程の確認時間が必
要であり、この時間の最も短い場合でも３秒程度必要と
されている。また記録をはじめてから熱定着ローラに未
定着記録紙がかかるまでには、高速ファクシミリの場合
でも１秒程度の時間的余裕がある。すなわち、ＲＰＣ−
ＦＡＸ装置のヒートローラに要求される最短昇温時間は
４秒と考えれば良い。In general, a facsimile requires confirmation time of about 100 seconds from receiving a transmission signal from the other party to actually starting recording, and the shortest of this time is about 3 seconds. Further, even in the case of high-speed facsimile, there is a time margin of about 1 second from the start of recording until the unfixed recording paper hits the heat fixing roller. That is, RPC-
The shortest heating time required for the heat roller of a FAX machine can be considered to be 4 seconds.
熱定着温度は１２０℃〜２００℃の範囲が通例であるが
、最近は低温化の方向にある。ここでは１６０℃と仮定
し、室温２０℃から昇温させるとするとΔＴ＝１４０℃
となる場合を考える。The heat fixing temperature is usually in the range of 120° C. to 200° C., but recently there has been a trend towards lower temperatures. Here, assuming the temperature is 160℃, if the temperature is raised from room temperature 20℃, ΔT = 140℃
Consider the case where
我々が用いた発熱抵抗体材料のこれらの密度ρは５〜８
ｇ／ｃｍ３の範囲であり、比熱εも０゜１ｃａｆ／ｇ・
℃程度である。The density ρ of the heating resistor material we used is 5 to 8
g/cm3, and the specific heat ε is also 0°1caf/g・
It is about ℃.
これらの数値を（１）式に代入すると、υ＝０．０４３
Ｗ （２）となる。Substituting these values into equation (1), υ=0.043
W (2).
ヒートローラの大きさを仮に１５ｍｍφ×２５ｃｍとし
、発熱抵抗体のみから形成されていると仮定して、その
厚さをδとすると、
δ ＝３． ７Ｘ１０−’Ｗ
（３）となる。Assuming that the size of the heat roller is 15 mmφ x 25 cm, that it is formed only from a heating resistor, and that its thickness is δ, then δ = 3. 7X10-'W
(3) becomes.
一般的な熱定着装置の初期投入電力は５００Ｗと言われ
ているが、今、これより小さい１００Ｗと仮定すると、
δ＝３．７Ｘ１０−’ｃｍ＝０．３７ｍｍとなる。なお
、この値は発熱抵抗体層が断熱状態にあると想定した場
合の計算値である。このような厚さの発熱抵抗体層のみ
でヒートローラを作っても強度的には実用化が不可能で
、実際にはローラ芯体上に発熱抵抗体層を形成させるこ
とを考えなければならない。そこで本発明は、電気的、
熱的絶縁性を備えたローラ芯体を設け、発熱抵抗体層の
裏面側への熱の拡散を防ぎ、発熱抵抗体層を少なくとも
その裏面側ではほぼ断熱状態に保つようにした。The initial input power of a typical thermal fixing device is said to be 500 W, but if we assume that it is 100 W, which is smaller than this, then δ = 3.7 x 10 -'cm = 0.37 mm. Note that this value is a calculated value assuming that the heat generating resistor layer is in an adiabatic state. Even if a heat roller is made with only a heating resistor layer of such thickness, it is impossible to put it into practical use in terms of strength, and in reality, it is necessary to consider forming a heating resistor layer on the roller core. . Therefore, the present invention provides electrical,
A roller core with thermal insulation is provided to prevent heat from diffusing to the back side of the heat generating resistor layer, and to maintain the heat generating resistor layer at least on the back side in a substantially adiabatic state.
また、ローラ芯体は熱定着装置の常用温度１６０℃程度
で、かつ発熱抵抗体層表面への非粘着性樹脂層を形成す
るときの処理温度に耐えるものであることが必要である
。Further, the roller core needs to be able to withstand the normal temperature of the heat fixing device, about 160° C., and the processing temperature when forming the non-adhesive resin layer on the surface of the heating resistor layer.
これらが満足されれば、発熱抵抗体層の厚さを００５〜
０．２ｍｍとすれば、所定温度までの昇温時間４秒で初
期電力２００Ｗ程度という高性能なヒートローラが作製
できる。If these conditions are satisfied, the thickness of the heating resistor layer can be adjusted to 005~
If the thickness is 0.2 mm, a high-performance heat roller with an initial power of about 200 W can be produced with a heating time of 4 seconds to a predetermined temperature.
こうして得られるヒートローラを熱定着装置に使用する
ことによって、所定時間までの立ち上がりが４秒と非常
に早いため、受信信号を一旦蓄積する記憶装置を不要と
した電子写真記録式ファクシミリ装置を提供できる。By using the heat roller obtained in this way in a heat fixing device, the start-up time up to the predetermined time is as fast as 4 seconds, so it is possible to provide an electrophotographic recording facsimile device that does not require a storage device to temporarily store received signals. .
［実施例コ 以下、添付図面に基づいて本発明の詳細な説明する。[Example code] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on the accompanying drawings.
第１図は本発明の熱定着装置の断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the heat fixing device of the present invention.
また、第２図はヒートローラ１０のみを、その回転軸を
含む断面で見た半断面図で、発熱抵抗体層２に通電する
ための電極９．９′の構成を示している。圧着ローラ２
０の有効長さがヒートローラ１０の画電極９．９”にか
からぬようにビートローラ１０より短くしておくことは
言うまでもない。Further, FIG. 2 is a half-sectional view of only the heat roller 10 taken in a cross section including its rotating shaft, and shows the configuration of the electrodes 9 and 9' for supplying electricity to the heating resistor layer 2. Pressure roller 2
It goes without saying that the effective length of the heat roller 10 should be shorter than the beat roller 10 so that it does not overlap the image electrode 9.9'' of the heat roller 10.
ヒートローラ１０の表面温度を上昇させて熱定着装置を
稼働させるためには、ヒートローラ１０の画電極９．９
′から電気ブラシ等の手段を用いて温度制御電源６から
通電する。この発熱抵抗体層２がＮｉ−Ｃｒ−Ｆｅ−Ｍ
ｎ−０合金からなる場合は、後に述べるように抵抗値が
温度によって変化するので、電極９．９′間の抵抗値を
計測することで発熱抵抗体層２の温度を知ることができ
る。したがって、−船釣に用いられている温度計測用素
子を用いることなしに温度が計測できるという特徴を持
っている。In order to raise the surface temperature of the heat roller 10 and operate the heat fixing device, the image electrodes 9 and 9 of the heat roller 10 must be
', electricity is supplied from the temperature control power source 6 using means such as an electric brush. This heating resistor layer 2 is made of Ni-Cr-Fe-M
In the case of an n-0 alloy, the resistance value changes depending on the temperature as described later, so the temperature of the heating resistor layer 2 can be determined by measuring the resistance value between the electrodes 9 and 9'. Therefore, it has the feature that temperature can be measured without using the temperature measuring element used for boat fishing.
なお、非粘着性樹脂層３としてはポリテトラフルオロエ
チレン（ＰＴＦＥ）を用いた。その膜厚は十分な熱量が
トナー７と用紙８に伝わるようにすると共に摩耗による
寿命を考慮して２０〜４０μｍ程度の厚さにする。非粘
着性樹脂層３の表面温度は発熱抵抗体層２の温度との差
は約５℃以内であり、両者の温度はほとんど変わらない
。Note that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was used as the non-adhesive resin layer 3. The thickness of the film is set to about 20 to 40 μm so that a sufficient amount of heat can be transmitted to the toner 7 and the paper 8, and in consideration of longevity due to wear. The difference between the surface temperature of the non-adhesive resin layer 3 and the temperature of the heating resistor layer 2 is within about 5° C., and there is almost no difference between the two temperatures.
以下、ヒートローラ１０の具体的な製造法と特性につい
て述べる。The specific manufacturing method and characteristics of the heat roller 10 will be described below.
まず、ローラ芯体１には耐熱性樹脂であるポリアミド、
ＰＥＥＫ （ポリエーテルエーテルケトン）等が好まし
いが、本実施例ではガラスファイバ強化耐熱仕様のナイ
ロン４６（ポリアミド合成樹脂、音大（株）製）を使用
し、全長２７ｃｍ、ローラ部長さ２５ｃｍ、ローラ部直
径１５ｍｍφの成形品とした。このローラ部のみに、Ｎ
１６．３Ｃｒ ｏ、。First, the roller core 1 is made of polyamide, which is a heat-resistant resin.
PEEK (polyether ether ketone) or the like is preferred, but in this example, glass fiber-reinforced heat-resistant nylon 46 (polyamide synthetic resin, manufactured by Ondai Co., Ltd.) is used. The molded product had a diameter of 15 mmφ. Only on this roller part, N
16.3 Cro.
ｓＭ ｎ ０．０２Ｆ ｅ ｏ、ｉ３の組成のニッケル
−クロムマンガン−鉄合金をアーク部には窒素ガスを付
加させながら加圧冷却空気で溶融合金を溶射させるとい
う低温アーク溶射法によって１００μｍの厚さに均一に
溶射し、発熱抵抗体層２とした。この発熱抵抗体層２の
両端部には１ｃｍ巾に銅層を上記と同じ低温アーク溶射
法によって１００μｍの厚さに形成し、さらに中７ｍｍ
の円筒状銅合金をこの溶射銅上にかぶせて高温はんだで
はんだ付けを行ってしゆう動電極９．９゛とした。A nickel-chromium-manganese-iron alloy with a composition of sM n 0.02 F e o, i3 was deposited to a thickness of 100 μm using a low-temperature arc spraying method in which the molten alloy was sprayed with pressurized cooling air while nitrogen gas was added to the arc part. The heat-generating resistor layer 2 was obtained by spraying the heat-generating resistor layer 2 uniformly. On both ends of this heating resistor layer 2, a 1 cm wide copper layer is formed to a thickness of 100 μm by the same low-temperature arc spraying method as above, and a 7 mm thick copper layer is formed on both ends of the heating resistor layer 2.
A cylindrical copper alloy was placed over the sprayed copper and soldered with high-temperature solder to form a sliding electrode of 9.9 inches.
発熱抵抗体層２の上には通常の方法でフッ素樹脂コート
を行ったが、発熱抵抗体層２が溶射法で形成されている
ため、表面粗化の工程なしにフッ素樹脂を強固に固着被
覆することができる。このことは工程省略の利点のみな
らず、発熱抵抗体層２での発生熱を有効にトナー側に伝
えるという大きな利点を持っている。フッ素樹脂層３の
平均膜厚は３０μｍてあった。発熱抵抗体層２とフッ素
樹脂層３表面の最大温度差はシミュレーションの結果で
は５°Ｃ程度であった。A fluororesin coating was applied on the heating resistor layer 2 using the usual method, but since the heating resistor layer 2 was formed by a thermal spraying method, the fluororesin was coated firmly without any surface roughening process. can do. This not only has the advantage of omitting a step, but also has the great advantage of effectively transmitting the heat generated in the heat generating resistor layer 2 to the toner side. The average thickness of the fluororesin layer 3 was 30 μm. The maximum temperature difference between the surfaces of the heating resistor layer 2 and the fluororesin layer 3 was approximately 5° C. according to simulation results.
このようにして製作したし−１〜ローラ１０の電極９．
９“間の室温での抵抗値は約１５Ωであり、その温度係
数は約６００ Ｘ １０−６／”Ｃであった。このヒー
トローラ１０に温度制御用電源６から初期電力として２
００Ｗを投入した時のヒートローラ１０の表面の温度変
化を第３図に示す。温度のオーバシュートや変動が少な
いのは、発熱抵抗体層自身の温度を計測して制御してい
るためである。また、温度の変動が±５°Ｃ程度見られ
るのは抵抗値の温度変化量を０．３％の精度で計測して
電流値を制御したためである。第３図に示すように速い
温度の立ち上がりが本実施例のヒートローラ１０の最大
の特徴であり、しかも温度のオーバシュートや変動が少
ないのも大きな特徴である。The electrodes 1 to 9 of the rollers 10 manufactured in this way.
The resistance value at room temperature between 9" and 9" was about 15 ohms, and its temperature coefficient was about 600 x 10-6/"C. This heat roller 10 is supplied with 2 as initial power from the temperature control power source 6.
FIG. 3 shows the temperature change on the surface of the heat roller 10 when 00W was applied. The reason why there is little overshoot or fluctuation in temperature is because the temperature of the heating resistor layer itself is measured and controlled. Further, the reason why the temperature fluctuation is about ±5° C. is because the current value is controlled by measuring the amount of temperature change in the resistance value with an accuracy of 0.3%. As shown in FIG. 3, the most important feature of the heat roller 10 of this embodiment is that the temperature rises quickly, and another great feature is that there is little overshoot or fluctuation in temperature.
また、温度検出用素子が不要となり、その取り付けのた
めの加工、組み立て費用の低減効果も大きい。Furthermore, since a temperature detection element is not required, processing and assembly costs for its attachment are greatly reduced.
また、電源オンして４秒後からは投入電力の制御が始ま
り、Ａ４サイズの用紙１０枚／分での消費電力は小さく
、約８０Ｗであった。Furthermore, control of the input power started 4 seconds after the power was turned on, and the power consumption was small, about 80 W, when 10 sheets of A4 size paper were printed per minute.
ＲＰＣ−ＦＡＸの場合、受信が間欠的になることが多く
、本実施例のヒートローラ１０を適用すると消費電力の
点でさらに、大きな効果が得られる。すなわち、本実施
例のヒートローラ１０はヒートローラ１０の表面部のみ
を昇温させればよいのに比べ、従来方式のヒートローラ
ではローラ全体を昇温させる必要があるからである。In the case of RPC-FAX, reception is often intermittent, and when the heat roller 10 of this embodiment is applied, an even greater effect in terms of power consumption can be obtained. In other words, the heat roller 10 of this embodiment only needs to heat up the surface portion of the heat roller 10, whereas the conventional heat roller needs to heat the entire roller.
また、初期投入電力を４００Ｗと倍増させた場合のヒー
トローラ１０の昇温速度は１．５秒とさらに、速くなり
、これをプリンタやコピー機の熱定着装置に適用した場
合、電源投入と同時に印刷を始めることができる。In addition, when the initial input power is doubled to 400W, the temperature rise speed of the heat roller 10 becomes even faster, 1.5 seconds. You can start printing.
発熱抵抗体層２としてニッケル、ニッケル−クロム、ニ
ッケル−２０ムー鉄、鉄−クロム−アルミニウムの低温
アーク溶射層を用いても前記のニッケル−クロム−鉄−
マンガンとほとんど同じ特性が得られた。これらの合金
のバルクの物性値、例えば抵抗の温度係数はニッケル−
クロム−鉄−マンカンに比べ小さいが、酸素原子を大量
に取り込んだ合金となると非常に大きくなり、温度検出
にも使えるほどであった。これらの学問的原因は不明で
あるが恐らく半金属的物性に近くなることによると考え
ている。このことは、これらの合金組成の違いにも大き
な差異がなく、酸素の導入がその物性値を大きく左右し
ていることが分かる。Even if a low-temperature arc sprayed layer of nickel, nickel-chromium, nickel-20mu iron, or iron-chromium-aluminum is used as the heating resistor layer 2, the above-mentioned nickel-chromium-iron
Almost the same properties as manganese were obtained. The bulk physical properties of these alloys, such as the temperature coefficient of resistance, are nickel-
Although it is smaller than chromium-iron-mancan, it becomes very large when made into an alloy that incorporates a large amount of oxygen atoms, and can even be used for temperature detection. Although the scientific reason for this is unknown, it is thought that it is probably due to the physical properties approaching that of a metalloid. This shows that there is no major difference in these alloy compositions, and that the introduction of oxygen greatly influences the physical properties.
［発明の効果］
上述のとおり、本発明によれば、所定時間までの立ち上
がりが４秒と非常に早いため、熱定着装置のウオーミン
グアツプ時間が速く、例えば受信信号を一旦蓄積する記
憶装置を不要とした電子写真記録式ファクシミリ装置を
提供できる。また、低温アーク溶射法はローラ芯体が合
成樹脂であっても、耐熱性中間層を介在させる必要がな
く、直接合成樹脂層表面に合金層をコーティングするこ
とができる。しかも、低温アーク溶射法は酸素を取り込
むことが容易であるので、酸素の含有量により発熱抵抗
体層の抵抗値をコントロールてきる。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, since the start-up time up to the predetermined time is very fast at 4 seconds, the warming-up time of the heat fixing device is fast, and for example, a storage device for temporarily storing received signals is not required. It is possible to provide an electrophotographic facsimile device with the following features. Further, in the low temperature arc spraying method, even if the roller core is made of synthetic resin, there is no need to interpose a heat-resistant intermediate layer, and the alloy layer can be directly coated on the surface of the synthetic resin layer. Furthermore, since low-temperature arc spraying can easily incorporate oxygen, the resistance value of the heating resistor layer can be controlled by the oxygen content.
さらに、低温アーク溶射法は１００μ以上／分で膜形成
ができるため、熱定着装置のヒートローラとしての実用
性に耐える熱容量をもった厚みの発熱抵抗体層が得られ
る。Furthermore, since the low-temperature arc spraying method can form a film at a rate of 100 μm or more per minute, it is possible to obtain a heat generating resistor layer thick enough to have a heat capacity sufficient for practical use as a heat roller of a heat fixing device.
さらに、抵抗値の温度係数が大きい発熱抵抗体層は、そ
れ自体が温度制御用のセンサとなり得るため、別に発熱
温度制御用の計測器をもうける必要なく装置が簡単にな
る。Further, since the heat generating resistor layer having a large temperature coefficient of resistance value can itself serve as a sensor for temperature control, the apparatus becomes simple without the need to provide a separate measuring device for heat generation temperature control.
また、本発明のヒートローラはローラ表面に電力を供給
すればよいのて消費電力が少なくてすむ。Further, the heat roller of the present invention consumes less power because it is sufficient to supply power to the roller surface.
第１図は、本発明の一実施例の熱定着装置の断面図。第
２図は本発明のヒートローラの断面図、第３図は本発明
のヒートローラの昇温特性図である。
１・・・ローラ芯体、２・・・発熱抵抗体層、３・・・
非粘着性樹脂層、４・・・金属コア、６・・・電源、８
・・・用紙、９．９゛・・・電極、１０・・・ヒートロ
ーラ、２０・・・圧着ローラ
出願人 バブコック日立株式会社FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a heat fixing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the heat roller of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a temperature rise characteristic diagram of the heat roller of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Roller core, 2...Heating resistor layer, 3...
Non-adhesive resin layer, 4... Metal core, 6... Power supply, 8
... Paper, 9.9゛ ... Electrode, 10 ... Heat roller, 20 ... Pressure roller Applicant Babcock Hitachi Co., Ltd.
Claims (4)
する一対のローラ間に通過させて該未定着トナー像を熱
溶融定着させる熱定着装置において、前記一対のローラ
の少なくとも一方のローラは電気的、熱的絶縁性を備え
たローラ芯体と、このローラ芯体外周表面上に低温アー
ク溶射法によって形成された発熱抵抗体層と、この発熱
抵抗体層表面上に形成された非粘着性樹脂層と、からな
るヒートローラであることを特徴とする熱定着装置。(1) In a thermal fixing device in which an image support material having an unfixed toner image is passed between a pair of rotating rollers in pressure contact with each other to thermally fuse and fix the unfixed toner image, at least one of the pair of rollers is A roller core with electrical and thermal insulation, a heating resistor layer formed on the outer peripheral surface of the roller core by low-temperature arc spraying, and a non-adhesive resistor layer formed on the surface of the heating resistor layer. 1. A heat fixing device characterized by being a heat roller comprising a polyurethane resin layer.
ル−鉄合金をベースにした酸素含有合金からなることを
特徴とする請求項１項に記載の熱定着装置。(2) The heat fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the heating resistor layer is made of an oxygen-containing alloy based on nickel, iron, or a nickel-iron alloy.
抗値計測器としても用いることを特徴とする請求項２記
載の熱定着装置。(3) The heat fixing device according to claim 2, wherein the heating resistor layer itself is also used as a resistance value measuring device for controlling the heating temperature.
とによって、受信信号を一旦蓄積する記憶装置を不要と
した電子写真記録式ファクシミリ装置。(4) An electrophotographic facsimile machine which eliminates the need for a storage device for temporarily storing received signals by using the heat fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15883990A JPH0451180A (en) | 1990-06-19 | 1990-06-19 | Thermal fixing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15883990A JPH0451180A (en) | 1990-06-19 | 1990-06-19 | Thermal fixing device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0451180A true JPH0451180A (en) | 1992-02-19 |
Family
ID=15680531
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15883990A Pending JPH0451180A (en) | 1990-06-19 | 1990-06-19 | Thermal fixing device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0451180A (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-06-19 JP JP15883990A patent/JPH0451180A/en active Pending
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