JPH0433416B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0433416B2 JPH0433416B2 JP63189256A JP18925688A JPH0433416B2 JP H0433416 B2 JPH0433416 B2 JP H0433416B2 JP 63189256 A JP63189256 A JP 63189256A JP 18925688 A JP18925688 A JP 18925688A JP H0433416 B2 JPH0433416 B2 JP H0433416B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- taro
- mutants
- methylnitrosourea
- yatsuzu
- potatoes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 244000205754 Colocasia esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000006481 Colocasia esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- ZRKWMRDKSOPRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(N)=O ZRKWMRDKSOPRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010068051 Chimerism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OOYGSFOGFJDDHP-KMCOLRRFSA-N kanamycin A sulfate Chemical group OS(O)(=O)=O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N OOYGSFOGFJDDHP-KMCOLRRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006870 ms-medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004161 plant tissue culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Description
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、高級澱粉作物として賞味されている
サトイモの調理の際に除皮し易い品種の作出法並
びにその育種法に関するものである。
〔従来の技術〕
サトイモは古くから食用として賞味され、現在
でも世界的に重要な澱粉作物である。特に「八つ
頭」などの品種は最も良食味品種として知られて
いる。
しかしながら、これらの品種は球根の形状が調
理に不便であるため商品性が低く、一般に調理用
として用い難い点があつた。
そこで、調理し易い形状のサトイモ、特に「八
つ頭」等の品種の自然に生ずる突然変異を利用
し、その突然変異体を育種する方法が試みられ、
さらに、その突然変異体の出現頻度を高くするた
めに、放射線（ガンマー線）を照射することが行
われたが、成功するに至つていない。
〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕
上述の従来の技術においては、出現頻度が非常
に低い自然突然変異体を利用するため極めて効率
が悪く、さらに、放射線処理等の人為的突然変異
処理を行つた場合でも、株の突然変異処理ではキ
メラになり易く、変異体を１個体として分離する
ことが困難であつた。
また、変異体が作出されたとしても、変異体が
淘汰を受け易く、自然の状態では死滅して変異体
として分離できない等の理由により、サトイモの
調理し易い形状、除皮し易い品種を効率良く得る
ことができなかつた。
本発明はサトイモの変異体を効率良く作出する
方法並びにその育種法を提供することを目的とす
るものである。
〔課題を解決するための手段〕
本発明者らは上述の目的を達成するために、人
為的に突然変異を誘起させて得たサトイモの突然
変異体を分離し得る方法について鋭意結局研究の
結果、摘出したサトイモの茎頂部を突然変異誘発
処理し、これを無菌培養することにより突然変異
細胞から個体を育て、培養中に突然変異体を分離
することによつて、サトイモの変異体を効率良く
作出することを見出し本発明を完成した。
本発明はサトイモの茎頂部を摘出し、これをメ
チルミトロソウレアで処理することにより突然変
異を誘発させた後、無菌培養により突然変異体を
分離、育成するサトイモの人為突然変異体を作出
方法、並びに、この方法によつて作出されたサト
イモの突然変異体を素材としてサトイモの新植物
を育種する方法である。これによつて、調理の際
に除皮し易いサトイモを得ることができる。
〔作用〕
本発明の適用対象とするサトイモは、主として
八つ頭群、エグイモ群に属するサトイモである。
八つ頭群はサトイモ品種の中で最も良食味品種と
して知られ、古くから作られている品種である。
また、エグイモ群は晩生種として品種「石川早
生」等の早生種群の後に市場に出荷され、耐寒性
の強い品種である。
本発明においては、これらのサトイモの茎頂部
を摘出し、突然変異誘発処理を行う。ここで、茎
頂部は、成長点とも呼ばれ、植物体先端の細胞分
裂活性の高い組織である。サトイモの場合は芽の
なかにあり、円錐形をしている。この切り取つた
茎頂部を殺菌してメチルニトロソウレアで処理す
る。
この処理方法は、切り取つたサトイモの茎頂部
を、メチルニトロソウレアの溶液の５〜10mM前
後の溶液に浸漬し、10〜40分前後処理する。この
場合容器を振盪すると一層効果的である。
なお、突然変異誘起物質としては、メチルニト
ロソウレアのほかに、アジ化ナトリウム、エチル
メタンスルホン酸等があるが、本発明者等の実験
によれば、メチルニトロソウレアが安定して高い
頻度で突然変異を誘発することが確認された。
以上の処理が完了したサトイモ突然変異体を
MS（Murashige and Skoog）培地、ホワイト
（White）培地、B5培地、VW（Vacin and
Went）培地、狩野培地などの植物組織培養に一
般に利用される培地で無菌的に培養する。これら
の培地は第１表に示す組成を有しており、培養す
る植物の種類により種々選択することができる。
[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for producing a variety of taro, which is enjoyed as a high-grade starch crop, whose skin is easily removed during cooking, and a method for breeding the same. [Prior Art] Taro has been enjoyed as food since ancient times, and is still an important starch crop worldwide. In particular, varieties such as ``Yatsuzu'' are known as the best-tasting varieties. However, these varieties have low marketability because the shape of the bulbs is inconvenient for cooking, and are generally difficult to use for cooking. Therefore, attempts have been made to utilize naturally occurring mutations in taro varieties that are easy to cook, especially varieties such as ``Yatsuzu'', and to breed the mutants.
Furthermore, attempts have been made to irradiate the mutants with radiation (gamma rays) in order to increase the frequency with which the mutants appear, but this has not been successful. [Problems to be solved by the invention] The above-mentioned conventional techniques are extremely inefficient because they utilize natural mutants that occur at a very low frequency, and they also require artificial mutation treatments such as radiation treatment. Even in some cases, mutagenesis of strains tends to result in chimerism, making it difficult to isolate mutants as individual individuals. In addition, even if mutants are created, they are susceptible to selection and die in nature, making it impossible to isolate them as mutants. I couldn't get a good result. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing taro mutants and a breeding method thereof. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have conducted intensive research on a method for isolating taro mutants obtained by artificially inducing mutations. By mutagenicly treating the excised stem tips of taro, culturing them aseptically to grow individuals from the mutant cells, and isolating the mutants during culture, we can efficiently develop taro mutants. The present invention was completed based on the discovery that the present invention can be produced. The present invention is a method for creating artificial mutants of taro, which involves removing the stem tip of taro, treating it with methylmitrosourea to induce mutations, and then isolating and growing the mutant through sterile culture. , and a method for breeding new taro plants using the taro mutants produced by this method as materials. This makes it possible to obtain taro that is easy to remove the skin during cooking. [Function] The taro to which the present invention is applied is mainly a taro that belongs to the Yatsuzu group and the Eguiro group.
Yatsuzu-gun is known as the best-tasting taro variety and has been produced for a long time.
In addition, the Eguimo group is a late-maturing variety that is shipped to the market after the early-maturing variety such as the variety "Ishikawa Wase," and is a highly cold-resistant variety. In the present invention, the stem tips of these taro are removed and subjected to mutagenesis treatment. Here, the shoot apex is also called a growing point, and is a tissue with high cell division activity at the tip of the plant body. In the case of taro, it is inside the bud and has a cone shape. The cut stem tips are sterilized and treated with methylnitrosourea. In this treatment method, the cut stem tops of taro are immersed in a solution of 5 to 10 mM methylnitrosourea, and treated for about 10 to 40 minutes. In this case, shaking the container is more effective. In addition to methylnitrosourea, mutagenic substances include sodium azide, ethylmethanesulfonic acid, etc., but according to the experiments conducted by the present inventors, methylnitrosourea can be used stably and suddenly at a high frequency. It was confirmed that it induces mutations. The taro mutant that has undergone the above processing is
MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium, White medium, B5 medium, VW (Vacin and Skoog) medium,
Cultivate aseptically in a medium commonly used for plant tissue culture, such as Went) medium or Kano medium. These media have the compositions shown in Table 1, and can be selected from a variety of media depending on the type of plant to be cultured.
【表】【table】
例 １
「八つ頭」150個の芽も切取り、これを集めて
２％次亜塩素酸ナトリウム液に浸漬して殺菌し、
解剖顕微鏡下で茎頂部を切り取る。これをメチル
ニトロソウレアの5mMの水溶液に浸漬して40分
間振盪する。その後、茎頂部を取り出し、α−ナ
フタレン酢酸0.5mg／を添加したMS培地20mlに
植付け、60日間培養する。その後、適湿条件で馴
化を行い、得られた苗を分離し、120株を育苗床
に植え更に60日間育苗する。
かくして得られた幼苗を、広さ50m2の圃場に、
畦幅120cm、株間40cmに定植し、６ケ月間栽培を
行つて親芋並びに子芋を収穫した。
例 ２
メチルニトロソウレアの10mM溶液を使用する
ほかは例１と同様の方法で、「八つ頭」の茎頂部
をメチルニトロソウレア処理し、育苗、栽培を行
い「八つ頭」を収穫した。
以上の例１，例２の方法により収穫した「八つ
頭」の親芋と、対照としてメチルニトロソウレア
処理を行わずに収穫した「八つ頭」の親芋の形状
及びシユート数を調査した結果を第２表及び第３
表に示す。
Example 1 150 buds of "Yatsuzu" were cut, collected and sterilized by soaking in 2% sodium hypochlorite solution.
Cut out the shoot apex under a dissecting microscope. This is immersed in a 5mM aqueous solution of methylnitrosourea and shaken for 40 minutes. Thereafter, the shoot tip is taken out, planted in 20 ml of MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg of α-naphthalene acetic acid, and cultured for 60 days. After that, acclimation is performed under suitable humidity conditions, the resulting seedlings are separated, and 120 plants are planted in a nursery bed and raised for another 60 days. The seedlings thus obtained were planted in a 50m2 field.
The plants were planted in rows with a width of 120 cm and a spacing of 40 cm, and cultivated for 6 months to harvest parent and baby potatoes. Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 10 mM solution of methylnitrosourea was used, the shoot tips of "Yatsuzu" were treated with methylnitrosourea, seedlings were raised and cultivated, and "Yatsuzu" were harvested. The results of investigating the shape and number of shoots of "Yatsuzu" parent potatoes harvested by the methods of Examples 1 and 2 above and "Yatsuzu" parent potatoes harvested without methylnitrosourea treatment as a control are as follows. Table 2 and 3
Shown in the table.
【表】【table】
【表】
以上の結果より、親芋の形状は対照では全て塊
状であつたが、本発明の例１及び例２のものは、
紡錐形、円筒形、球形、扁球形であつた。そし
て、球形指数（直径／高さ）は、対照のものでは
1.1〜1.7、例１のものでは0.4〜1.6、例２のもの
では0.3〜2.3であつた。また、その変異係数（標
準偏差／平均値で示される単位当たりの標準偏
差）は、メチルニトロソウレアの処理濃度が高い
ほど大であつた。
親芋のシユートの数は対照で６〜14、例１のも
ので１〜30、例２のもので１〜40であり、その変
異係数はメチルニトロソウレアの濃度が高いほど
大であつた。親芋が多数のシユートを有する場合
は塊状であつたが、一本のシユートしか有しない
場合は整つた円筒形、球形、紡錐形、扁球形であ
つた。そして、親芋が一本のシユートを有する個
体の百分率は、対照区では０％であるに対し、例
１の区では13％、例２の区では70％であつた。
例 ３
「エグ芋」の茎頂部をメチルニトロソウレアの
5mM溶液で処理するほかは例１と同様の方法で、
「エグ芋」の茎頂部をメチルニトロソウレア処理
し、育苗、栽培を行い、収穫した子芋、孫芋の形
状及び数を調査した。対照としてメチルニトロソ
ウレア処理を行わずに例３と同様の方法で栽培し
た「エグ芋」の子芋、孫芋の形状と対比した。そ
の結果を第４表に示す。[Table] From the above results, the shape of the parent potatoes was all lumpy in the control, but in the cases of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention,
They were fusiform, cylindrical, spherical, and oblate. And the sphericity index (diameter/height) is
1.1 to 1.7, 0.4 to 1.6 in Example 1, and 0.3 to 2.3 in Example 2. Further, the variation coefficient (standard deviation per unit expressed as standard deviation/average value) was larger as the treatment concentration of methylnitrosourea was higher. The number of shoots in the parent potatoes was 6 to 14 in the control, 1 to 30 in Example 1, and 1 to 40 in Example 2, and the variation coefficient increased as the concentration of methylnitrosourea increased. When the parent potato had many shoots, it was lumpy, but when it had only one shoot, it was well-ordered and cylindrical, spherical, conical, and oblate. The percentage of individuals whose parent potatoes had a single shoot was 0% in the control plot, 13% in the Example 1 plot, and 70% in the Example 2 plot. Example 3 The top of the stem of “Eguimo” was treated with methylnitrosourea.
In the same manner as in Example 1 except for treatment with a 5mM solution,
The stem tips of "Eguimo" were treated with methylnitrosourea, and the seedlings were raised and cultivated, and the shapes and numbers of the harvested baby potatoes and grandchild potatoes were investigated. As a control, the shape was compared with that of the baby and grand potatoes of "Eguimo" grown in the same manner as in Example 3 without methylnitrosourea treatment. The results are shown in Table 4.
本発明はサトイモの人為的突然変異体を確実に
作出し、育種することができる方法であり、本発
明方法によれば、サトイモの形状が調理の際に除
皮し易い円筒形、紡錐形、球形、扁球形をなすも
のが高い確率で作出できる極めて有用な発明であ
る。
The present invention is a method that can reliably create and breed artificial mutants of taro.According to the method of the present invention, the shape of taro is cylindrical or cone-like, which makes it easy to remove the skin during cooking. This is an extremely useful invention that can produce objects with a high probability of forming , spherical, and oblate shapes.
第１図はサトイモの形状の分類を示す図であ
り、第２図及び第３図は本発明方法により収穫さ
れたサトイモの外観を示す図、第４図は対照のサ
トイモの外観を示す図である。
Figure 1 is a diagram showing the classification of taro shapes, Figures 2 and 3 are diagrams showing the appearance of taro harvested by the method of the present invention, and Figure 4 is a diagram showing the appearance of a control taro. be.
Claims (1)
トロソウレアで処理することにより突然変異を誘
発させた後、無菌培養により突然変異体を分離、
育成することを特徴とするサトイモの人為突然変
異体作出法。 ２ 請求項１記載の人為突然変異体作出法によつ
て作出されたサトイモの突然変異体を素材として
サトイモの新植物を育種することを特徴とするサ
トイモの育種法。[Claims] 1. Extracting the top of a taro stalk, treating it with methylnitrosourea to induce mutations, and then isolating mutants by sterile culture,
A method for creating artificial taro mutants characterized by cultivation. 2. A method for breeding taro, which comprises breeding a new plant of taro using a mutant of taro produced by the artificial mutant production method according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63189256A JPH0239834A (en) | 1988-07-27 | 1988-07-27 | Production of artificial mutant of colocasia antiquorum and breeding of colocasia antiquorum utilizing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63189256A JPH0239834A (en) | 1988-07-27 | 1988-07-27 | Production of artificial mutant of colocasia antiquorum and breeding of colocasia antiquorum utilizing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0239834A JPH0239834A (en) | 1990-02-08 |
| JPH0433416B2 true JPH0433416B2 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
Family
ID=16238251
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63189256A Granted JPH0239834A (en) | 1988-07-27 | 1988-07-27 | Production of artificial mutant of colocasia antiquorum and breeding of colocasia antiquorum utilizing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0239834A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HU223419B1 (en) | 1994-01-31 | 2004-06-28 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Sunflower seeds and oil having a high stearic acid content, process for their producing, plant produced from said seeds, use of the oil and food products comprising the oil |
| US6891091B2 (en) | 1994-01-31 | 2005-05-10 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Plant, seeds and oil with saturated triacylglycerol content and oil having a high stearic acid content |
| EP0934692B1 (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 2002-10-23 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Sunflower seeds and plants having a high stearic acid content |
-
1988
- 1988-07-27 JP JP63189256A patent/JPH0239834A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0239834A (en) | 1990-02-08 |
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