JPH04329261A - Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery - Google Patents
Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04329261A JPH04329261A JP3098538A JP9853891A JPH04329261A JP H04329261 A JPH04329261 A JP H04329261A JP 3098538 A JP3098538 A JP 3098538A JP 9853891 A JP9853891 A JP 9853891A JP H04329261 A JPH04329261 A JP H04329261A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen storage
- storage alloy
- hydrogen
- metal
- battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、水素吸蔵合金を主体と
する負極と、金属酸化物を主体とする正極とを備えた金
属−水素アルカリ蓄電池に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery comprising a negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen storage alloy and a positive electrode mainly composed of a metal oxide.
【0002】0002
【従来の技術】従来からよく用いられる蓄電池としては
、鉛電池及びニッケル−カドミウム電池がある。しかし
、近年、これら電池より軽量で且つ高容量となる可能性
があるということで、特に常圧で負極活物質である水素
を可逆的に吸蔵及び放出することのできる水素吸蔵合金
を備えた電極を負極に用い、水酸化ニッケルなどの金属
酸化物を正極活物質とする電極を正極に用いた金属−水
素アルカリ蓄電池が注目されている。2. Description of the Related Art Storage batteries commonly used in the past include lead batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. However, in recent years, it has become possible to develop batteries that are lighter and have higher capacity than these batteries, and in particular, electrodes equipped with hydrogen storage alloys that can reversibly absorb and release hydrogen, which is the negative electrode active material, at normal pressure. A metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery that uses a metal oxide as a negative electrode and a metal oxide such as nickel hydroxide as a positive electrode active material is attracting attention.
【0003】ここで、上記金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池の
負極は、例えば、以下のようにして作製していた。先ず
、ルツボ内に合金材料を充填し、これを溶融して溶湯を
作成した後、この溶湯を冷却してインゴットを作製し、
次いで、この合金粉末を窒素雰囲気中で粉砕して水素吸
蔵合金粉末を作成する。この後、この合金粉末と結着剤
とを混合してペーストを作成し、このペーストを導電性
芯体に塗着することにより作製していた。[0003] Here, the negative electrode of the metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery has been manufactured, for example, in the following manner. First, an alloy material is filled into a crucible and melted to create a molten metal, and then this molten metal is cooled to create an ingot.
Next, this alloy powder is pulverized in a nitrogen atmosphere to create a hydrogen storage alloy powder. Thereafter, this alloy powder and a binder are mixed to form a paste, and this paste is applied to a conductive core.
【0004】0004
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、上記のよう
にして作製した負極において、水素吸蔵合金粉末表面に
は酸化物が形成されると共に、水素吸蔵合金粉末が結着
剤によって被覆されることになる。したがって、水素吸
蔵合金粉末間の導電性が低下して、集電性が低下し、こ
の結果高率放電特性が低下するという課題を有していた
。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the negative electrode produced as described above, oxides are formed on the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy powder, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder is coated with a binder. Become. Therefore, there has been a problem in that the conductivity between the hydrogen storage alloy powders is reduced, the current collection property is reduced, and as a result, the high rate discharge characteristics are reduced.
【0005】本発明は係る現状を考慮してなされたもの
であって、集電性を向上させることにより、高率放電特
性を飛躍的に向上させることができる金属−水素アルカ
リ蓄電池の提供を目的としている。The present invention has been made in consideration of the current situation, and aims to provide a metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery that can dramatically improve high rate discharge characteristics by improving current collection performance. It is said that
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は上記目的を達成
するために、集電体の少なくとも一方の面に、結着剤を
含む水素吸蔵合金層が形成された負極と、金属酸化物を
主体とする正極とを備えた金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池に
おいて、前記水素吸蔵合金の形状は線状を成しているこ
とを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a negative electrode in which a hydrogen storage alloy layer containing a binder is formed on at least one surface of a current collector, and a metal oxide. The metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery is characterized in that the hydrogen storage alloy has a linear shape.
【0007】[0007]
【作用】上記の如く、線状の水素吸蔵合金を用いれば、
集電体と水素吸蔵合金層の表面に位置する水素吸蔵合金
との間に介在する水素吸蔵合金の数が減少することにな
る。したがって、充放電を行う場合に、水素吸蔵合金の
表面に形成された酸化物や結着剤を多数経ることなく、
集電体と水素吸蔵合金層の表面に位置する水素吸蔵合金
との間で電流が流れる。したがって、負極の抵抗が減少
することになる。[Operation] As mentioned above, if a linear hydrogen storage alloy is used,
The number of hydrogen storage alloys interposed between the current collector and the hydrogen storage alloy located on the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy layer is reduced. Therefore, when charging and discharging, there is no need to pass through many oxides and binders formed on the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy.
A current flows between the current collector and the hydrogen storage alloy located on the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy layer. Therefore, the resistance of the negative electrode is reduced.
【0008】[0008]
【実施例】本発明の一実施例を、図1〜図4に基づいて
、以下に説明する。〔実施例〕図1は本発明の一例を示
す円筒型ニッケル−水素アルカリ蓄電池の断面図であり
、焼結式ニッケルから成る正極1と、線状の水素吸蔵合
金を含む負極2と、これら正負両極1・2間に介挿され
たセパレータ3とから成る電極群4は渦巻状に巻回され
ている。この電極群4は負極端子兼用の外装罐6内に配
置されており、この外装罐6と上記負極2とは負極用導
電タブ5により接続されている。上記外装罐6の上部開
口にはパッキング7を介して封口体8が装着されており
、この封口体8の内部にはコイルスプリング9が設けら
れている。このコイルスプリング9は電池内部の内圧が
異常上昇したときに矢印A方向に押圧されて内部のガス
が大気中に放出されるように構成されている。また、上
記封口体8と前記正極1とは正極用導電タブ10にて接
続されている。[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on FIGS. 1 to 4. [Example] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical nickel-hydrogen alkaline storage battery showing an example of the present invention. An electrode group 4 consisting of a separator 3 interposed between the poles 1 and 2 is spirally wound. This electrode group 4 is arranged in an outer case 6 which also serves as a negative electrode terminal, and this outer case 6 and the above-mentioned negative electrode 2 are connected by a conductive tab 5 for the negative electrode. A sealing body 8 is attached to the upper opening of the exterior can 6 via a packing 7, and a coil spring 9 is provided inside the sealing body 8. This coil spring 9 is configured so that when the internal pressure inside the battery rises abnormally, it is pressed in the direction of arrow A and the internal gas is released into the atmosphere. Further, the sealing body 8 and the positive electrode 1 are connected by a positive electrode conductive tab 10.
【0009】ここで、上記構造の円筒型ニッケル−水素
アルカリ蓄電池を、以下のようにして作製した。先ず、
負極2の製造方法を図2に基づいて、以下に示す。尚、
図2に示す装置は、溶融状態の水素吸蔵合金を用いて線
状の水素吸蔵合金を作成する装置であり、溶融状態の水
素吸蔵合金25を貯留する溶湯貯留部20が設けられて
いる。この溶湯貯留部20の先端には直径0.5mmの
ノズル21が設けられており、このノズル21の下方に
はノズル21から噴出した水素吸蔵合金を冷却するため
の水23が貯留された水貯留部22が設けられている。
この水貯留部22内の水は、モータ24の軸に取り付け
られたスクリュー(図示せず)により、水流が形成され
るような構造となっている。A cylindrical nickel-hydrogen alkaline storage battery having the above structure was manufactured as follows. First of all,
A method for manufacturing the negative electrode 2 will be described below based on FIG. 2. still,
The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is an apparatus for creating a linear hydrogen storage alloy using a hydrogen storage alloy in a molten state, and is provided with a molten metal storage section 20 that stores a hydrogen storage alloy 25 in a molten state. A nozzle 21 with a diameter of 0.5 mm is provided at the tip of this molten metal storage section 20, and below this nozzle 21 is a water storage area in which water 23 for cooling the hydrogen storage alloy spouted from the nozzle 21 is stored. A section 22 is provided. The water in this water storage section 22 is structured so that a water flow is formed by a screw (not shown) attached to the shaft of a motor 24.
【0010】上記装置を用いて負極を作製する際には、
先ず、市販のMm(ミッシュメタル:希土類元素の混合
物)、Ni、Co、Mn及びAlを元素比で1:3.2
:1:0.6:0.2の割合となるように秤量した後、
アルゴンガス雰囲気中の高周波溶解炉内で溶解する。次
に、この溶湯を上記溶湯貯留部20に充填すると、溶湯
25の圧力によりノズル21から線状の溶融水素吸蔵合
金が落下する。そして、この溶融水素吸蔵合金が水中に
落下して冷却されると硬化して、MmNi3.2 Co
Mn0.6 Al0.2 で示される線状の水素吸蔵合
金が作製される。尚、このようにして作製した線状の水
素吸蔵合金の直径は50〜500μmである。[0010] When producing a negative electrode using the above apparatus,
First, commercially available Mm (misch metal: mixture of rare earth elements), Ni, Co, Mn, and Al were mixed in an elemental ratio of 1:3.2.
: After weighing so that the ratio is 1:0.6:0.2,
Melt in a high frequency melting furnace in an argon gas atmosphere. Next, when this molten metal is filled into the molten metal storage section 20, the linear molten hydrogen storage alloy falls from the nozzle 21 due to the pressure of the molten metal 25. When this molten hydrogen storage alloy falls into water and is cooled, it hardens and becomes MmNi3.2Co.
A linear hydrogen storage alloy represented by Mn0.6 Al0.2 is produced. The diameter of the linear hydrogen storage alloy thus produced is 50 to 500 μm.
【0011】この後、上記線状の水素吸蔵合金に、結着
剤としてのPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)粉
末を5wt%加えて混練し、ペーストを作成する。更に
、このペーストをパンチングメタルから成る集電体の両
面に塗布して乾燥させた後、ローラでプレスすることに
より負極2を作製した。尚、この負極2の構造は、図3
に示すように、線状の水素吸蔵合金30間に結着剤31
が介在するような構造となっている。[0011] Thereafter, 5 wt % of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) powder as a binder is added to the linear hydrogen storage alloy and kneaded to form a paste. Further, this paste was applied to both sides of a current collector made of punched metal, dried, and then pressed with a roller to produce a negative electrode 2. The structure of this negative electrode 2 is shown in Figure 3.
As shown in the figure, a binder 31 is placed between linear hydrogen storage alloys 30
The structure is such that there is an intervening
【0012】次いで、上記負極2と、焼結式ニッケル正
極1とを、不織布からなるセパレータ3を介して巻回し
、電極群4を作製した。しかる後、この電極群4を外装
罐6内に挿入し、更に30重量%のKOH水溶液を上記
外装罐6内に注液した後、外装罐6を密閉することによ
り円筒型ニッケル−水素蓄電池を作製した。尚、このよ
うにして作製した電池の理論容量は、1000mAh
である。[0012] Next, the negative electrode 2 and the sintered nickel positive electrode 1 were wound together with a separator 3 made of non-woven fabric interposed therebetween to prepare an electrode group 4. Thereafter, this electrode group 4 is inserted into the outer can 6, and after injecting a 30% by weight KOH aqueous solution into the outer can 6, the outer can 6 is sealed to form a cylindrical nickel-hydrogen storage battery. Created. The theoretical capacity of the battery thus produced is 1000mAh.
It is.
【0013】このようにして作製した電池を、以下(A
)電池と称する。
〔比較例〕線状の水素吸蔵合金の代わりに粉末状の水素
吸蔵合金を用いる他は、上記実施例と同様にして電池を
作成した。尚、粉末状の水素吸蔵合金は、上記実施例と
同様にして高周波溶解炉内で溶解させた水素吸蔵合金の
溶湯を、先ず、冷却させることによりインゴットを作成
し、このインゴットを窒素雰囲気中でカッタミルで粉砕
することにより作成した。また、この負極の構造は、図
4に示すように、粉末状の水素吸蔵合金32間に結着剤
31が介在するような構造となっている。[0013] The battery thus produced is shown below (A
) is called a battery. [Comparative Example] A battery was prepared in the same manner as in the above example except that a powdered hydrogen storage alloy was used instead of the linear hydrogen storage alloy. The powdered hydrogen storage alloy is prepared by first cooling a molten hydrogen storage alloy melted in a high frequency melting furnace in the same manner as in the above example to form an ingot, and then melting this ingot in a nitrogen atmosphere. It was created by crushing it with a cutter mill. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the structure of this negative electrode is such that a binder 31 is interposed between powdered hydrogen storage alloys 32.
【0014】このようにして作製した電池を、以下(X
)電池と称する。
〔実験〕上記本発明の(A)電池及び比較例の(X)電
池とにおいて、放電電流値を代えて放電を行い、その変
化を調べたので、その結果を下記表1に示す。尚、実験
は以下のようにして行った。先ず、充電電流0.3Cで
4時間充電した後、放電電流0.3Cで放電終止電圧1
Vまで放電するという充放電サイクルを5回繰り返し、
5回目の放電容量を調べる。次に、充電電流0.3Cで
4時間充電した後、放電電流4Cで放電終止電圧0.8
Vまで放電し、この際の放電容量を調べた。[0014] The battery produced in this manner is shown below (X
) is called a battery. [Experiment] The battery (A) of the present invention and the battery (X) of the comparative example were discharged at different discharge current values and the changes were investigated. The results are shown in Table 1 below. The experiment was conducted as follows. First, after charging for 4 hours at a charging current of 0.3C, the discharge end voltage was set to 1 at a discharge current of 0.3C.
Repeat the charge/discharge cycle of discharging to V five times,
Check the discharge capacity for the fifth time. Next, after charging for 4 hours at a charging current of 0.3C, the discharge end voltage was 0.8 at a discharging current of 4C.
The battery was discharged to V and the discharge capacity at this time was examined.
【0015】[0015]
【表1】[Table 1]
【0016】上記表1から明らかなように、放電電流0
.3Cで放電した際には本発明の(A)電池と比較例の
(X)電池とでは差異は認められないが、放電電流4C
で放電した際には本発明の(A)電池は比較例の(X)
電池に比べて、放電容量が格段に大きくなっていること
が認められる。
〔その他の事項〕■線状の水素吸蔵合金の作成方法とし
ては、上記実施例に示すものに限定するものではなく、
その他の方法で作成しても上記と同様の効果がある。■
水素吸蔵合金としては、上記実施例に示すももの他、T
i系水素吸蔵合金等いかなる水素吸蔵合金にも適用しう
ることは勿論である。■線状の水素吸蔵合金の直径は限
定しないが、上述の如く50〜500μmの範囲である
ことが好ましい。As is clear from Table 1 above, when the discharge current is 0
.. When discharged at 3C, no difference was observed between the battery (A) of the present invention and the battery (X) of the comparative example, but the discharge current was 4C.
When the battery (A) of the present invention was discharged at
It is recognized that the discharge capacity is significantly larger than that of batteries. [Other matters] ■ The method for creating a linear hydrogen storage alloy is not limited to the one shown in the above example.
Even if it is created using other methods, the same effect as above can be obtained. ■
As the hydrogen storage alloy, in addition to the peach shown in the above example, T
Of course, it can be applied to any hydrogen storage alloy such as i-based hydrogen storage alloy. (2) The diameter of the linear hydrogen storage alloy is not limited, but as mentioned above, it is preferably in the range of 50 to 500 μm.
【0017】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明によれば、集
電体と水素吸蔵合金層の表面に位置する水素吸蔵合金と
の間の抵抗が減少して、負極の集電性が向上する。この
結果、金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池の高率放電特性を飛躍
的に向上させることができるといった効果を奏する。[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, the resistance between the current collector and the hydrogen storage alloy located on the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy layer is reduced, and the current collection performance of the negative electrode is improved. . As a result, the high rate discharge characteristics of the metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery can be dramatically improved.
【図1】本発明の一例を示す円筒型ニッケル−水素アル
カリ蓄電池の断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a cylindrical nickel-hydrogen alkaline storage battery showing an example of the present invention.
【図2】線状の水素吸蔵合金を作製する装置の一例を示
す説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an apparatus for producing a linear hydrogen storage alloy.
【図3】本発明の(A)電池の負極構造を示す説明図で
ある。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the negative electrode structure of the battery (A) of the present invention.
【図4】比較例の(X)電池の負極構造を示す説明図で
ある。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the negative electrode structure of a battery (X) of a comparative example.
1 正極 2 負極 30 線状の水素吸蔵合金 31 結着剤 1 Positive electrode 2 Negative electrode 30 Linear hydrogen storage alloy 31 Binder
Claims (1)
剤と水素吸蔵合金とを含む層が形成された負極と、金属
酸化物を主体とする正極とを備えた金属−水素アルカリ
蓄電池において、前記水素吸蔵合金の形状は線状を成し
ていることを特徴とする金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池。1. A metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery comprising a negative electrode in which a layer containing a binder and a hydrogen storage alloy is formed on at least one surface of a current collector, and a positive electrode mainly composed of a metal oxide. A metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery, wherein the hydrogen storage alloy has a linear shape.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3098538A JP2962857B2 (en) | 1991-04-30 | 1991-04-30 | Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3098538A JP2962857B2 (en) | 1991-04-30 | 1991-04-30 | Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH04329261A true JPH04329261A (en) | 1992-11-18 |
JP2962857B2 JP2962857B2 (en) | 1999-10-12 |
Family
ID=14222470
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP3098538A Expired - Fee Related JP2962857B2 (en) | 1991-04-30 | 1991-04-30 | Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2962857B2 (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-04-30 JP JP3098538A patent/JP2962857B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2962857B2 (en) | 1999-10-12 |
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