JPH04235741A - Catalyst for decomposing methane gas - Google Patents
Catalyst for decomposing methane gasInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04235741A JPH04235741A JP3150802A JP15080291A JPH04235741A JP H04235741 A JPH04235741 A JP H04235741A JP 3150802 A JP3150802 A JP 3150802A JP 15080291 A JP15080291 A JP 15080291A JP H04235741 A JPH04235741 A JP H04235741A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- methane gas
- catalyst
- heat
- reaction
- methane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012210 heat-resistant fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 39
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はメタンガス分解用触媒に
関し、特に閉鎖系空間（宇宙ステーション、核シェルタ
ー、潜水艦等）で使用される炭酸ガス還元・酸素回収シ
ステムのメタン分解反応に適用される触媒や地球環境制
御用メタンガス分解装置の反応炉に適用される触媒に有
利に適用される同触媒に関する。[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a catalyst for decomposing methane gas, and in particular a catalyst applied to methane decomposition reactions in carbon dioxide reduction and oxygen recovery systems used in closed spaces (space stations, nuclear shelters, submarines, etc.). The present invention relates to a catalyst that is advantageously applied to a reactor of a methane gas decomposition device for global environmental control.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】従来のメタンガス分解法の一態様を図３
によって説明する。図３において、メタンガス分解炉１
にセットされた反応管２の内部に耐熱性繊維７が充填さ
れている。この反応管２にメタンガスが流入され熱分解
されることにより、耐熱性繊維７の表面上に固体炭素が
折出し、反応管２のの出口部より水素ガスが流出する。
この装置を用いて反応管２に流入されたメタンガスを１
０００℃で熱分解した結果、分解率は約３５％であった
。[Prior Art] Figure 3 shows one aspect of the conventional methane gas decomposition method.
This is explained by In Figure 3, methane gas decomposition furnace 1
Heat-resistant fibers 7 are filled inside the reaction tube 2 set in the reactor tube 2 . When methane gas flows into the reaction tube 2 and is thermally decomposed, solid carbon is precipitated on the surface of the heat-resistant fiber 7, and hydrogen gas flows out from the outlet of the reaction tube 2. Using this device, methane gas flowing into the reaction tube 2 is
As a result of thermal decomposition at 000°C, the decomposition rate was about 35%.
【０００３】上記従来法のメタンガス分解時の条件は次
の通りであった。
反応管寸法 ： 内径３０ｍｍ長さ１００
０ｍｍ
反応温度 ： １０００℃耐熱繊維
： カーボン繊維（線径１〜１０μｍ
）
耐熱繊維充填量及び充填体積 ： ３．５ｇ，１０
０ｃｍ３
メタンガス流量 ： ０．１４１１／ｍｉｎ．
ＧＨＳＶ ： ６０ｈｒ−１系内圧力
： ０．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２ＧThe conditions for decomposing methane gas in the conventional method were as follows. Reaction tube dimensions: inner diameter 30mm length 100mm
0mm Reaction temperature: 1000℃ heat resistant fiber
: Carbon fiber (wire diameter 1-10μm
) Heat-resistant fiber filling amount and filling volume: 3.5g, 10
0cm3 Methane gas flow rate: 0.1411/min.
GHSV: 60hr-1 System pressure: 0.5kg/cm2G
【０００
４】000
4]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】メタンガス熱分解反応
において、従来の技術は次の欠点を有する。
（１）メタンガス分解率は１０００℃で約３５％であり
、分解率を約９５％にするためには反応温度を１２６０
℃以上に設定しなければならない。
（２）高温の反応であるため、熱分解炉及び反応管の構
成材料が限定される。
（３）反応温度を一定に保つためには断熱材が多量に必
要であり、メタンガス分解炉の体積及び重量が大きくな
る。Problems to be Solved by the Invention In the methane gas thermal decomposition reaction, the conventional techniques have the following drawbacks. (1) The methane gas decomposition rate is approximately 35% at 1000°C, and in order to achieve a decomposition rate of approximately 95%, the reaction temperature must be adjusted to 1260°C.
Must be set above ℃. (2) Since the reaction is at a high temperature, the constituent materials of the pyrolysis furnace and reaction tube are limited. (3) In order to keep the reaction temperature constant, a large amount of heat insulating material is required, which increases the volume and weight of the methane gas decomposition furnace.
【０００５】本発明は以上のような問題点を解決するた
め、メタン分解反応の反応温度を低下させることができ
るメタン分解触媒を提供しようとするものである。[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a methane decomposition catalyst that can lower the reaction temperature of the methane decomposition reaction.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は耐熱性繊維に鉄
触媒を被覆してなることを特徴とするメタンガス分解用
触媒である。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention is a catalyst for decomposing methane gas, which is characterized by comprising heat-resistant fibers coated with an iron catalyst.
【０００７】本発明において使用される耐熱性繊維とし
てはシリカウール、アルミナウール、カーボン繊維など
があげられ、鉄触媒をこれらの繊維に被覆する手段とし
ては、めっき法、含浸法、溶融法または蒸着法などが採
用できる。[0007] Examples of the heat-resistant fibers used in the present invention include silica wool, alumina wool, and carbon fibers, and methods for coating these fibers with the iron catalyst include plating, impregnation, melting, and vapor deposition. Laws etc. can be adopted.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】（１）鉄触媒がメタン分解反応に適用されるこ
とにより、反応温度の低温化が可能となる。
（２）反応温度の低下により、メタンガス分解炉及び反
応器構成材料の選択性が向上する。
（３）反応温度の低下により、断熱材使用量が少量とな
り、メタンガス分解炉の体積及び重量を低減できる。[Function] (1) By applying an iron catalyst to the methane decomposition reaction, the reaction temperature can be lowered. (2) Decreasing the reaction temperature improves the selectivity of the methane gas decomposition furnace and reactor constituent materials. (3) By lowering the reaction temperature, the amount of heat insulating material used can be reduced, and the volume and weight of the methane gas decomposition furnace can be reduced.
【０００９】[0009]
【実施例】以下、図１に示すフローに従って本発明触媒
の一実施例の効果を立証する。図１において、１はメタ
ンガス分解炉、２は反応管、３は鉄触媒を被覆した耐熱
性繊維（線径１〜１０μｍ）、４はマスフロメータ、５
は背圧弁、６はガスクロマトグラフ分析装置である。EXAMPLE The effect of an example of the catalyst of the present invention will be demonstrated below according to the flow shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, 1 is a methane gas decomposition furnace, 2 is a reaction tube, 3 is a heat-resistant fiber coated with an iron catalyst (wire diameter 1 to 10 μm), 4 is a mass flow meter, and 5
6 is a back pressure valve, and 6 is a gas chromatograph analyzer.
【００１０】内径３０ｍｍ、長さ１０００ｍｍの反応管
２の内部に表面を鉄触媒で被覆したカーボン繊維（線径
１〜１０μｍ）３を約１０ｇ充填し、次に鉄触媒で被覆
したカーボン繊維３を１０００℃に加熱し、温度が安定
した後、メタンガス重量をマスフロメータ４で０．４１
／ｍｉｎ（ＳＶ：６０ｈｒ−１）に調整し、反応管２に
流入させた。次に、系内圧力を背圧弁５を使用して０．
５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２Ｇに設定する。系内圧力が安定した後、
反応管２出口部の水素ガス及びメタンガス濃度を求める
ため、ガスクロマトグラフ分析装置６で流出ガスを分折
した。その結果、メタンガス分解率は約９５％であった
。Approximately 10 g of carbon fiber (wire diameter 1 to 10 μm) 3 whose surface was coated with an iron catalyst was filled into a reaction tube 2 with an inner diameter of 30 mm and a length of 1000 mm, and then the carbon fiber 3 coated with an iron catalyst was filled. After heating to 1000℃ and stabilizing the temperature, measure the weight of methane gas with mass flowmeter 4 at 0.41.
/min (SV: 60 hr-1) and flowed into the reaction tube 2. Next, the pressure inside the system is reduced to 0 using the back pressure valve 5.
Set to 5kg/cm2G. After the system pressure stabilizes,
In order to determine the hydrogen gas and methane gas concentrations at the outlet of the reaction tube 2, the outflow gas was separated using a gas chromatograph analyzer 6. As a result, the methane gas decomposition rate was about 95%.
【００１１】なお、上記方法で使用した鉄触媒で被覆し
たカーボン繊維は下記のようにして製造したものである
。カーボン繊維を硝酸１０％溶液中で２〜３時間加熱処
理後、濾過水洗し乾燥する。鉄を塩酸で溶解後、温水を
加えて液量を約８０ｍｌにし、カーボン繊維に浸漬する
。この溶液にホルマリン（３７ｖｏ１％）を約８ｍｌ加
えた後、ＮａＯＨ溶液（３０ｗｔ％）をカーボン繊維が
浸漬されている溶液に加え、弱アルカリ性とする。その
後、カーボン繊維を溶液から取り出し、水洗した後、１
２０〜１５０℃で乾燥する。以上の操作によりカーボン
繊維上に付着した鉄の重量はカーボン繊維１ｇに対し約
２ｇであった。[0011] The carbon fiber coated with an iron catalyst used in the above method was produced in the following manner. After heat treating the carbon fibers in a 10% nitric acid solution for 2 to 3 hours, the carbon fibers are filtered, washed with water, and dried. After dissolving iron with hydrochloric acid, warm water is added to make the liquid volume about 80 ml, and the carbon fiber is immersed in the solution. Approximately 8 ml of formalin (37 vol%) is added to this solution, and then a NaOH solution (30 wt%) is added to the solution in which the carbon fibers are immersed to make it slightly alkaline. After that, the carbon fibers were taken out from the solution, washed with water, and then
Dry at 20-150°C. As a result of the above operations, the weight of iron deposited on the carbon fibers was approximately 2 g per 1 g of carbon fibers.
【００１２】以上、本発明の一実施例によって、本発明
の効果を説明したが、メタンガス分解反応は、閉鎖生態
系用炭酸ガス還元・酸素回収システムの一部に用いるこ
とができる。この態様を図２に示す。図２に記載の炭酸
ガス還元・酸素回収システムにおいて、人間の呼吸によ
り排出された炭酸ガスを分離・濃縮〔Ｇ〕する。その後
、炭酸ガスを水素で還元〔Ｈ〕することにより、メタン
ガスと水が生成する。メタンガスは熱分解〔Ｊ〕される
ことにより、固体炭素及び水素が生成し、水素は炭酸ガ
ス還元用として再利用される。また炭酸ガスを還元する
ことにより得られた水は、酸素と水素とに電気分解〔１
〕され、酸素は人間の呼吸用として、水素は炭酸ガス還
元用として再利用することができる。本発明の触媒は上
記システム中のメタンガス熱分解反応〔Ｊ〕に使用する
ことができる。The effects of the present invention have been explained above with reference to one embodiment of the present invention, but the methane gas decomposition reaction can be used as part of a carbon dioxide gas reduction/oxygen recovery system for closed ecosystems. This aspect is shown in FIG. In the carbon dioxide gas reduction/oxygen recovery system shown in FIG. 2, carbon dioxide gas exhausted by human breathing is separated and concentrated [G]. Thereafter, methane gas and water are generated by reducing carbon dioxide gas with hydrogen [H]. Methane gas is thermally decomposed [J] to produce solid carbon and hydrogen, and the hydrogen is reused for reducing carbon dioxide gas. In addition, water obtained by reducing carbon dioxide gas is electrolyzed into oxygen and hydrogen [1].
], the oxygen can be reused for human breathing, and the hydrogen can be reused for reducing carbon dioxide gas. The catalyst of the present invention can be used in the methane gas thermal decomposition reaction [J] in the above system.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の効果】本発明は次に示す効果を有する。
（１）メタンガスを９０％以上炭素と水素に分解するた
めの反応温度は、従来法では約１２６０℃でったのに対
し、本発明では１０００℃に低下することが可能である
。
（２）メタンガス分解反応温度の低下により、メタンガ
ス分解炉の構成材料の選択性が向上する。
（３）またメタンガス分解反応温度の低下により、メタ
ンガス分解炉の断熱材使用量を低減することができ、分
解炉の体積及び重量を約１／２にすることができる。
（４）メタンガス分解炉の消費電力を節減することがで
きる。[Effects of the Invention] The present invention has the following effects. (1) The reaction temperature for decomposing methane gas into 90% or more of carbon and hydrogen was about 1260°C in the conventional method, but it can be lowered to 1000°C in the present invention. (2) By lowering the methane gas decomposition reaction temperature, the selectivity of constituent materials of the methane gas decomposition furnace is improved. (3) Furthermore, by lowering the methane gas decomposition reaction temperature, the amount of insulation material used in the methane gas decomposition furnace can be reduced, and the volume and weight of the decomposition furnace can be reduced to about 1/2. (4) The power consumption of the methane gas decomposition furnace can be reduced.
【図１】本発明の触媒の効果を立証する一実施例の説明
図。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example that proves the effect of the catalyst of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の触媒を閉鎖生態系用炭酸ガス還元・酸
素回収システムに応用したフロー図。FIG. 2 is a flow diagram in which the catalyst of the present invention is applied to a carbon dioxide reduction/oxygen recovery system for closed ecosystems.
【図３】従来のメタンガス分解法の説明図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional methane gas decomposition method.
Claims (1)
とを特徴とするメタンガス分解用触媒。1. A catalyst for decomposing methane gas, comprising a heat-resistant fiber coated with an iron catalyst.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3150802A JPH04235741A (en) | 1991-01-18 | 1991-01-18 | Catalyst for decomposing methane gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3150802A JPH04235741A (en) | 1991-01-18 | 1991-01-18 | Catalyst for decomposing methane gas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04235741A true JPH04235741A (en) | 1992-08-24 |
Family
ID=15504751
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3150802A Withdrawn JPH04235741A (en) | 1991-01-18 | 1991-01-18 | Catalyst for decomposing methane gas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04235741A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5690997A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1997-11-25 | Sioux Manufacturing Corporation | Catalytic carbon--carbon deposition process |
-
1991
- 1991-01-18 JP JP3150802A patent/JPH04235741A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5690997A (en) * | 1993-10-04 | 1997-11-25 | Sioux Manufacturing Corporation | Catalytic carbon--carbon deposition process |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Application deemed to be withdrawn because no request for examination was validly filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 19980514 |