JPH04202105A - Molded body of insect pest repellent resin - Google Patents
Molded body of insect pest repellent resinInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04202105A JPH04202105A JP33427490A JP33427490A JPH04202105A JP H04202105 A JPH04202105 A JP H04202105A JP 33427490 A JP33427490 A JP 33427490A JP 33427490 A JP33427490 A JP 33427490A JP H04202105 A JPH04202105 A JP H04202105A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- synthetic resin
- hinoki
- essential oils
- molded body
- essential oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000218691 Cupressaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920005680 ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001674044 Blattodea Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238657 Blattella germanica Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010201 Exanthema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000080775 Natica fasciata Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000856 effect on pests Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000005884 exanthem Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020021 gose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000021055 solid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、害虫忌避性樹脂成形体に関する。詳しくは、
ヒノキ精油を有効成分とする害虫忌避性樹脂成形体に関
する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an insect-repellent resin molded article. For more information,
This invention relates to an insect-repellent resin molded article containing cypress essential oil as an active ingredient.
従来、ヒノキ精油を有効成分とする害虫忌避剤は、スプ
レー、ローションあるいはクリーム等の使用形態に調製
された製剤を、直接、皮膚あるいは害虫を忌避したい場
所に塗布することにより、その効果を持たせるのが一般
的であった。Conventionally, pest repellents containing cypress essential oil as an active ingredient have been formulated into sprays, lotions, creams, etc., and are applied directly to the skin or other areas where pests are to be repelled to achieve their effect. was common.
しかしながら、従来の方法によるスプレー、ローション
あるいはクリーム等に調製された製剤では、忌避効果の
持続性が比較的短く、長時間効果を持続させるためには
繰り返し塗布する必要があり、経済的にも無駄が多かっ
た。また直接皮膚等に塗布するため、場合によっては皮
膚にかぶれ等の炎症を起こすおそれもあった。However, formulations prepared as sprays, lotions, creams, etc. using conventional methods have relatively short-lasting repellent effects and require repeated application to maintain long-term effects, making them economically wasteful. There were many. Furthermore, since it is applied directly to the skin, there is a risk of skin irritation such as a rash in some cases.
本発明者らは上記課題に鑑み、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、
ヒノキ精油を予め合成樹脂に含有させることにより、長
期間害虫忌避有効成分を徐放させることができることを
見出し本発明を完成するに至った。In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have made extensive studies and have found that
We have completed the present invention by discovering that by pre-containing cypress essential oil in a synthetic resin, it is possible to sustainably release an effective ingredient for repelling pests over a long period of time.
すなわち、本発明は、ヒノキ精油を合成樹脂に含有させ
てなることを特徴とする害虫忌避性樹脂成形体である。That is, the present invention is an insect-repellent resin molded article characterized by containing cypress essential oil in a synthetic resin.
本発明で使用するヒノキ精油とは、ヒノキの樹木あるい
は葉を水蒸気蒸留することによって得られる精油である
。このヒノキ精油は、蚊、ダニ、ゴキブリ等の害虫に対
し忌避効果を有するものであり、これを合成樹脂に含有
させたものを害虫忌透性樹脂成形体とする。The cypress essential oil used in the present invention is an essential oil obtained by steam distilling cypress trees or leaves. This cypress essential oil has a repellent effect on pests such as mosquitoes, ticks, and cockroaches, and a synthetic resin containing it is used as an pest-repellent resin molded article.
ヒノキ精油の合成樹脂への含有量は、基材となる合成樹
脂に対して、１〜４０重量％であり、好ましくは５〜３
０重量％である。１重量％より少ないと、忌避効果が顕
著ではなく、また４０重量％より多いとヒノキ精油が成
形品の表面にブリードしてべたつきを生じることがある
ので好ましくない。The content of cypress essential oil in the synthetic resin is 1 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 3% by weight, based on the base synthetic resin.
It is 0% by weight. If it is less than 1% by weight, the repellent effect will not be significant, and if it is more than 40% by weight, the cypress essential oil may bleed onto the surface of the molded product, resulting in stickiness, which is not preferable.
ヒノキ精油を合成樹脂に含有させる方法としては、ヒノ
キ精油をそのまま、またはアセトン等の適当な溶剤に溶
解させたものを基材となる合成樹脂に含浸させてもよい
し、あるいはヒノキ精油と合成樹脂とを溶融混練して得
ることもできる。この場合、予め高濃度のヒノキ精油と
合成樹脂とを溶融混練したマスターペレットを作製して
おき、該マスターペレットを、直接または基材合成樹脂
で希釈して目的の含有量として、通常の熱可塑性樹脂の
成形に用いられる射出成形、インフレーション成形、紡
糸等の溶融成形法により、フィルム、シート、ネット等
、所望の成形品に加工することができる。また、忌避効
果の持続時間をコントロールする等、その使用目的に応
じて適宜、多層成形、複合紡糸とすることができる。As a method for incorporating cypress essential oil into synthetic resin, it is possible to impregnate cypress essential oil as it is or dissolve it in a suitable solvent such as acetone into a synthetic resin as a base material, or to add cypress essential oil and synthetic resin. It can also be obtained by melt-kneading. In this case, a master pellet is prepared in advance by melting and kneading high-concentration cypress essential oil and synthetic resin, and the master pellet is diluted directly or with a base synthetic resin to obtain the desired content, and then the master pellet is used as a normal thermoplastic resin. By melt molding methods used for molding resins, such as injection molding, inflation molding, and spinning, it can be processed into desired molded products such as films, sheets, and nets. In addition, multilayer molding or composite spinning can be performed as appropriate depending on the purpose of use, such as controlling the duration of the repellent effect.
本発明において、ヒノキ精油を含有させる基材である合
成樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチ
レン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−メチル（メタ）
アクリレート共重合体、エチレン−エチルアクリレート
共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル−メチル（メタ）アク
リレート共重合体等のエチレンと極性基を有する単量体
との共重合体、およびポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリ
デン等の含塩素合成樹脂等を挙げることができる。In the present invention, the synthetic resin that is the base material containing cypress essential oil is polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl (meth)
Copolymers of ethylene and monomers having polar groups, such as acrylate copolymers, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate-methyl (meth)acrylate copolymers, and polyvinyl chloride, polychlorinated Examples include chlorine-containing synthetic resins such as vinylidene.
なかでも、ヒノキ精油の吸収性、拡散性、ヒノキ精油に
対する安定性、熱成形性（低温加工性）等の点から、エ
チレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体およびエチレン−メチルメ
タクリレート共重合体が好ましい。Among these, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer are preferred from the viewpoint of absorbability of cypress essential oil, diffusibility, stability to cypress essential oil, thermoformability (low-temperature processability), and the like.
さらに本発明の目的を損なうことのない範囲で酸化防止
剤、紫外線吸収剤、抗ブロツキング剤、充填剤、蒸散調
節剤、香料、色素、顔料などを適宜使用することもでき
る。Furthermore, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, anti-blocking agents, fillers, transpiration regulators, fragrances, dyes, pigments, etc. can also be used as appropriate within the range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
以下に本発明を具体的に説明するために実施例を示すが
、本発明は必ずしもこれらの例により限定されるもので
はない。Examples are shown below to specifically explain the present invention, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to these examples.
尚、本発明における成形体の試験法は次の通りである。In addition, the test method for the molded article in the present invention is as follows.
薬剤残存率試験：成形体試料を２５°Ｃの恒温室に吊り
下げ、一定時間経過後の試料中のヒノキ精油成分の残存
率をその重量の減量から算出した。Drug survival rate test: The molded sample was suspended in a constant temperature room at 25°C, and the residual rate of the cypress essential oil component in the sample after a certain period of time was calculated from the weight loss.
忌避活性試験法（Ｉ）：ネクタイシマカ成虫２００〜４
００頭（性比約１：ｌ）を放飼したケージ（２２０Ｘ２
２０Ｘ３００ｍｍ）を準備した。誘因源として循環恒温
槽褐色瓶（底径６０’ｍｍ、高さ１００ｍｍ）２個を直
列にシリコンチューブで接続し、温水（３８°Ｃ）が循
環する装置を用いた。６０ｍｍＸ６０ｍｍの試料シート
を一個の褐色瓶の底面に貼り付け、もう−個の褐色瓶の
底面にはヒノキ精油を含有しない樹脂製シート（コント
ロール）を貼り付けその後、放飼ケージの片面に密着さ
せた。密着後、２．４．６分後の３回それぞれの瓶に誘
引された雌の蚊の数を観察した。蚊の数は、２反復で試
験を行った合計数で示した。Repellent activity test method (I): N. fasciata adults 200-4
A cage (220 x 2
20 x 300 mm) was prepared. As a trigger source, a device was used in which two circulating constant temperature amber bottles (bottom diameter 60'mm, height 100mm) were connected in series with silicone tubes and warm water (38°C) was circulated. A 60 mm x 60 mm sample sheet was pasted on the bottom of one brown bottle, and a resin sheet containing no cypress essential oil (control) was pasted on the bottom of the other brown bottle, and then it was placed in close contact with one side of the stocking cage. . After contact, the number of female mosquitoes attracted to each bottle was observed three times at 2, 4, and 6 minutes later. The number of mosquitoes was expressed as the total number of two replicate tests.
忌避活性試験法（■）：ポリ製カップ（直径１３ｃｍ、
高さ７ｃｍ）に、エサ（マウス用固型飼料少量）および
綿球に水をしみこませたものと共に紙製の一辺３０１、
長さ６０ｍｍの三角シェルタ−の中に３０ｍｍＸ ６０
ｍｍの試料シートを入れた。その後カップの中に、チャ
バネゴキブリ成虫雌１ｊ１５頭ずつを放飼し、ナイロン
ゴースでふたをした。−装置いて翌朝シェルタ−に接触
していない虫の数を観察した。尚、試験は２往復で行な
い、忌避した虫の数は、２往復試験の合計数で示した。Repellent activity test method (■): Poly cup (diameter 13 cm,
7 cm in height), one side made of paper 301, along with food (a small amount of solid food for mice) and cotton balls soaked with water.
30mm x 60 in a 60mm long triangular shelter
A sample sheet of mm was placed. Thereafter, 15 adult female German cockroaches were placed in each cup, and the cups were covered with nylon gose. -The next morning after installing the equipment, we observed the number of insects that had not come into contact with the shelter. The test was conducted in two round trips, and the number of insects repelled was expressed as the total number of the two round trips.
忌避率は以下の式より求めた。The repellency rate was calculated using the following formula.
（実施例）
ヒノキ精油３０重量部とエチレンーメチルメタクリレー
ト共重合体（住人化学工業■製アクリフ）ＷＨ２０２）
７０重量部を密閉式加圧ニーダ−で約１５分間混練し、
これをペレット化したものをマスターベレットとした。(Example) 30 parts by weight of cypress essential oil and ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (Acrif WH202 manufactured by Sumiya Chemical Industry ■)
70 parts by weight were kneaded for about 15 minutes in a closed pressure kneader,
This pellet was made into a master pellet.
このマスターペレット１００重量部にマトリックス樹脂
であるエチレン−メチルメタクリレート共重合体（アク
リフトＷＨ２０２）２００重量部とを密閉式加圧ニーダ
−で再び１５分間混練し、押出機に供給し押し出しなが
らホットカットを行い、ヒノキ精油含量１０重量％のベ
レットを得、該ペレットを用いてＴダイ押出機で厚さ１
ｍｍのシートを得た。100 parts by weight of this master pellet and 200 parts by weight of ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (Acrift WH202), which is a matrix resin, are kneaded again for 15 minutes in a closed pressure kneader, and then fed to an extruder and hot-cut while being extruded. A pellet with a Hinoki essential oil content of 10% by weight was obtained.
A sheet of mm was obtained.
シートを１００ｍｍＸ １００ｍｍＸ １＋ｎｎ＋とし
たものを試験試料として薬剤残存率試験に供したところ
、ヒノキ精油成分の残存率が１０％となるのは、３００
時間後であった。When a sheet of 100 mm x 100 mm x 1+nn+ was used as a test sample for a drug residual rate test, the residual rate of cypress essential oil component was 10% at 300 mm.
It was hours later.
また、６０１ｉＩ１１×６０１ＩＩＩ１１×１ｍｍとし
たシートを２５℃の恒温室で所定時間保持し経過させた
ものを害虫忌避活性試験（Ｉ）に供した。結果を第１表
に示す。Further, a sheet of 601iI11×601III11×1 mm was kept in a constant temperature room at 25° C. for a predetermined period of time and then subjected to pest repellent activity test (I). The results are shown in Table 1.
さらに、３０ｍｍＸ ６０ｍｍＸ １ｎｕ＋＋とじたシ
ートを害虫忌避活性試験（ｎ）に供した。結果を第２表
に示す。Furthermore, a 30 mm x 60 mm x 1 nu++ bound sheet was subjected to a pest repellent activity test (n). The results are shown in Table 2.
（比較例）
１００ｍｍＸ １００ｍｍＸ １ｍｍのパルプ材にヒノ
キ精油をその含量が１０重量％となるように含浸させた
ものを薬剤残存率試験に供した。ヒノキ精油成分の残存
率が１０％となるのは、３０時間後であった。(Comparative Example) A pulp material measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 1 mm impregnated with cypress essential oil to a content of 10% by weight was subjected to a drug residual rate test. The residual rate of the cypress essential oil component reached 10% after 30 hours.
本発明の害虫忌避性樹脂成形体は、薬効成分を徐放する
ことができるため忌避効果が長時間持続し、安全かつ簡
便に取り扱うことができる。本成形体を、例えば、ゴキ
ブリ等の出没する場所やダニ等の出る畳の下に敷設する
ことによって、これらの害虫を忌避できるし、また着衣
のポケット等に入れておくだけでも飛来害虫に対して忌
避効果を発揮できる。The pest-repellent resin molded article of the present invention can sustainably release medicinal ingredients, so its repellent effect lasts for a long time, and it can be handled safely and easily. For example, by placing this molded product in a place where cockroaches are infested or under a tatami mat where dust mites and the like are found, these pests can be repelled, and even just putting it in a pocket of clothing can protect against flying pests. It can exert a repellent effect.
１１ （ｆＣＪ”）11 (fCJ”)
Claims (1)
る害虫忌避性樹脂成形体。A pest-repellent resin molded article characterized by containing cypress essential oil in a synthetic resin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2334274A JP3038911B2 (en) | 1990-11-29 | 1990-11-29 | Pest repellent molded resin |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2334274A JP3038911B2 (en) | 1990-11-29 | 1990-11-29 | Pest repellent molded resin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04202105A true JPH04202105A (en) | 1992-07-22 |
| JP3038911B2 JP3038911B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 |
Family
ID=18275508
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2334274A Expired - Lifetime JP3038911B2 (en) | 1990-11-29 | 1990-11-29 | Pest repellent molded resin |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3038911B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0710719A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1995-01-13 | Maki Shoji Kk | Antibacterial agent, antibacterial fibrous material and antibacterial formed resin article |
| JPH0848607A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-02-20 | Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Ltd | Cockroach-repelling agent |
| JPH08130994A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-05-28 | Mikado Kako Kk | Mulching film for agricultural purpose |
| FR2901096A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-23 | Ab7 Ind Sa | Bracelet, useful to protect human from insect bite, comprises composite polymer of ethylenevinylacetate copolymer and lipophilic composition of active agent e.g. insecticide, low density polyethylene and thermoplastic polyurethane |
| JP2008143815A (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-26 | Kisco Ltd | Ring-shaped or sheet-like mosquito-repellent article made of elastomer and having excellent control of mosquito |
-
1990
- 1990-11-29 JP JP2334274A patent/JP3038911B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0710719A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1995-01-13 | Maki Shoji Kk | Antibacterial agent, antibacterial fibrous material and antibacterial formed resin article |
| JPH0848607A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1996-02-20 | Kawai Musical Instr Mfg Co Ltd | Cockroach-repelling agent |
| JPH08130994A (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 1996-05-28 | Mikado Kako Kk | Mulching film for agricultural purpose |
| FR2901096A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-23 | Ab7 Ind Sa | Bracelet, useful to protect human from insect bite, comprises composite polymer of ethylenevinylacetate copolymer and lipophilic composition of active agent e.g. insecticide, low density polyethylene and thermoplastic polyurethane |
| JP2008143815A (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-26 | Kisco Ltd | Ring-shaped or sheet-like mosquito-repellent article made of elastomer and having excellent control of mosquito |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3038911B2 (en) | 2000-05-08 |
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