JPH04129134A - Photoelectric surface with multiplier - Google Patents

Photoelectric surface with multiplier

Info

Publication number
JPH04129134A
JPH04129134A JP2248624A JP24862490A JPH04129134A JP H04129134 A JPH04129134 A JP H04129134A JP 2248624 A JP2248624 A JP 2248624A JP 24862490 A JP24862490 A JP 24862490A JP H04129134 A JPH04129134 A JP H04129134A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
plate
photocathode
photoelectric surface
microchannel plate
photoelectric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2248624A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2944045B2 (en
Inventor
Masashi Ota
正志 太田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Original Assignee
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamamatsu Photonics KK filed Critical Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority to JP24862490A priority Critical patent/JP2944045B2/en
Publication of JPH04129134A publication Critical patent/JPH04129134A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2944045B2 publication Critical patent/JP2944045B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent degradation of photoelectric sensitivity, improve resolution and at the same time obtain wideband spectral sensitivity characteristics by forming a photoelectric surface and a micro-channel plate in one body by the use of a semiconductor monolithic crystal material. CONSTITUTION:A face plate 2 is disposed at the front part of a tube 1, and a fiber plate 6 is disposed at the back part thereof. And inside the face plate 2, a photoelectric surface with multiplier 7 composed by forming a photoelectric surface 3 and a micro-channel plate 4 in one body is disposed and a phosphor screen 5 is formed on a plate 6. That is, on the light emitting side of a GaAs photoelectric surface 3 formed on the face plate 2, the photoelectric surface 3 and the plate 4 are formed in one body with the use of a semiconductor monolithic crystal material. In this arrangement, when an incident light hnu enters into the photoelectric surface 3, electrons are generated therein and the generated electrons are discharged into the inner part of a channel 8 of the micro-channel plate 4. Thereby, wideband special sensitivity characteristics with sensitivity over the range of visible region to ultraviolet region are obtained and at the same time life characteristics are improved and the whole shape may be miniaturized.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 「産業上の利用分野」 本発明は半導体単結晶材料を用いて光電面とマイクロチ
ャンネルプレートとを一体化させた増倍部付き光電面に
関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Industrial Application Field" The present invention relates to a photocathode with a multiplier section that integrates a photocathode and a microchannel plate using a semiconductor single crystal material.

「従来の技術」 光電面とマイクロチャンネルプレートとを内蔵した電子
管には、現在、イメージインテンシファイヤ管のような
撮像管や、マイクロチャンネルプレート内蔵光電子増倍
管などがある。
``Prior Art'' Electron tubes incorporating a photocathode and a microchannel plate currently include image pickup tubes such as image intensifier tubes and photomultiplier tubes with a built-in microchannel plate.

従来のこの種の増倍部付き光電面を、第4図に示すイメ
ージインテンシファイヤ管で説明すると、管(1)の前
面には、内側面に光電面(3)を形成した面板(2)を
取付け、この光電面(3)からある一定距離をおいてマ
イクロチャンネルプレート(4)を組込み、さらに、管
(1)の後面には、蛍光面(5)を形成したファイバー
プレート(6)を取付けてなるものである。
A conventional photocathode with a multiplier of this type is explained using the image intensifier tube shown in FIG. ), a microchannel plate (4) is installed at a certain distance from this photocathode (3), and a fiber plate (6) on which a fluorescent screen (5) is formed is installed on the rear surface of the tube (1). It is made by attaching.

前記光電面(3)は、AlGaAsを窓層としたガラス
ボンドタイプのPゝ−G a A s光電面である。こ
れは、通常、P”−GaAs光電面が2μmと大変薄い
ので、AlGaAs/P’″−GaAs/ A I G
 a As / G a A sの4層構造の結晶を、
G a A sを基板として、A I G a A s
を後述する化学エツチングの際、エツチング速度を調整
するためのバッファとして結晶成長させ、その上に所望
の光電面であるP ”−G a A s層、さらに窓層
としてAlGaAs層を結晶成長させて作り、第1層目
のAlGaAsの面でガラスボンディングし、化学エツ
チングにより、3層目と4層目のA I G a A 
s / G aAsを除去することにより1層目のA 
I G a A sを窓層としたP”−GaAs光電面
に作られる。
The photocathode (3) is a glass bond type P-GaAs photocathode with an AlGaAs window layer. This is because the P''-GaAs photocathode is usually very thin at 2 μm, so AlGaAs/P'''-GaAs/A I G
A crystal with a four-layer structure of a As / G a As,
Using Ga As as a substrate, A I Ga As
During chemical etching, which will be described later, a crystal is grown as a buffer to adjust the etching rate, and a P''-GaAs layer, which is the desired photocathode, and an AlGaAs layer as a window layer are grown on top of it as a buffer. glass bonding on the surface of the first layer of AlGaAs, and chemical etching to form the third and fourth layers of A I Ga As.
By removing s/GaAs, the first layer A
It is fabricated on a P''-GaAs photocathode with IGaAs as a window layer.

また、前記マイクロチャンネルプレート(4)は薄いガ
ラス板に無数の孔(チャンネル)をあけ、孔の内側にあ
る電気伝導度をもった物質をコーティングし、かつ孔の
両端に電極が形成されてなるものである。
In addition, the microchannel plate (4) is made by punching numerous holes (channels) in a thin glass plate, coating the inside of the holes with a substance that has electrical conductivity, and forming electrodes on both ends of the holes. It is something.

「発明が解決しようとする課題」 従来のイメージインテンシファイヤ管には、つぎのよう
な問題点があった。
"Problems to be Solved by the Invention" Conventional image intensifier tubes have had the following problems.

(1)マイクロチャンネルプレートはガラス材料にて形
成されているので、このガラスから放出されるガスが光
電面を汚染し、光電感度の著しい低下を招いていた。ま
た、光電面のP”−GaAs層の表面には、光電特性を
高めるためにCsの層が形成されているが、これがガラ
ス材料によって吸収され、不足してしまい、その結果、
光電感度の著しい低下を招いていた。
(1) Since the microchannel plate is made of a glass material, gas emitted from the glass contaminates the photocathode, causing a significant decrease in photoelectric sensitivity. In addition, a Cs layer is formed on the surface of the P''-GaAs layer of the photocathode to improve photoelectric properties, but this layer is absorbed by the glass material and becomes insufficient.
This resulted in a significant decrease in photoelectric sensitivity.

(2)イメージインテンシファイヤ管の製作において、
光電面とマイクロチャンネルプレートとの間が離れてい
るため、この間隔を設計値通りに組込むのが技術的に困
難で、これが解像度の限界を決めていた。
(2) In manufacturing the image intensifier tube,
Due to the distance between the photocathode and the microchannel plate, it is technically difficult to incorporate this spacing as designed, which limits the resolution.

(3)窓層はP”−GaAs光電面の補強の意味をもつ
が、その窓層の短波長における透過特性が劣るため、P
”−GaAs光電面の短波長における光電変換特性を生
かせないという問題があった。
(3) The window layer has the meaning of reinforcing the P”-GaAs photocathode, but since the window layer has poor transmission characteristics at short wavelengths,
``--There was a problem in that the photoelectric conversion characteristics at short wavelengths of the GaAs photocathode could not be utilized.

本発明は、光電感度が劣化せず、解像度が向上し、さら
にマイクロチャンネルプレートの部分が光電面の補強を
するので5広帯域の分光感度特性が得られるものを提供
することを目的とするものである。
An object of the present invention is to provide a device that does not deteriorate photoelectric sensitivity, improves resolution, and furthermore provides broadband spectral sensitivity characteristics because the microchannel plate portion reinforces the photocathode. be.

[課題を解決するための手段] 本発明は、光電面とマイクロチャンネルプレートとを、
ともに半導体単結晶材料を用いて一体化して構成したこ
とを特徴とする増倍部付き光電面である。
[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a photocathode and a microchannel plate,
This is a photocathode with a multiplier, characterized in that both are integrally constructed using a semiconductor single crystal material.

「作用」 マイクロチャンネルプレートを構成するSlまたはGa
Asの基板上に、光電面を構成するPゝ−Ga A s
を一体に成長させる。そしてマイクロチャンネルプレー
トとなる半導体単結晶材料に、光電面の反対側から光電
面に達するまで多数の小さな孔をあけ、かつ電極を形成
してマイクロチャンネルプレートを構成する。このよう
にして、光電面とマイクロチャンネルプレートとの組込
み時の間隔誤差の発生する余地をなくし、解像度を向上
せしめる。また、極めて薄い光電面を、マイクロチャン
ネルプレートの部分が補強するので、入射光の透過を妨
げる窓層をなくすことができる。したがって、短波長に
おける感度を得ることができる。
"Function" Sl or Ga constituting the microchannel plate
Pゝ-GaAs constituting the photocathode on the As substrate
grow together. Then, a large number of small holes are made in the semiconductor single crystal material that will become the microchannel plate from the opposite side to the photocathode, and electrodes are formed to form the microchannel plate. In this way, there is no room for spacing errors to occur during assembly of the photocathode and the microchannel plate, and resolution is improved. Furthermore, since the microchannel plate portion reinforces the extremely thin photocathode, it is possible to eliminate the window layer that prevents the transmission of incident light. Therefore, sensitivity at short wavelengths can be obtained.

マイクロチャンネルプレートはSiまたはG a A 
s半導体単結晶材料からなるので、従来のガラス材料に
比し、Csを吸収せず、ガス放出が極めて少いため、光
電面の劣化が著しく少ない。
Microchannel plate is made of Si or GaA
Since it is made of an s-semiconductor single crystal material, it does not absorb Cs and releases extremely little gas compared to conventional glass materials, resulting in significantly less deterioration of the photocathode.

「実施例」 以下、本発明をイメージインテンシファイヤ管に応用し
た場合の一実施例を第1図ないし第3図に基き説明する
Embodiment An embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an image intensifier tube will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

第3図において、(1)は管で、この管(1)の前部に
は面板(2)が設けられ、後部にはファイバープレート
(6)が設けられている。前記面板(2)の内側には、
光電面(3)とマイクロチャンネルプレート(4)を一
体化した本発明の増倍部付き光電面(7)が設けられて
いる。また、前記ファイバープレート(6)には蛍光面
(5)が形成されている。
In FIG. 3, (1) is a tube, and the front part of this tube (1) is provided with a face plate (2), and the rear part is provided with a fiber plate (6). Inside the face plate (2),
A photocathode (7) with a multiplier of the present invention is provided, which integrates a photocathode (3) and a microchannel plate (4). Further, a fluorescent screen (5) is formed on the fiber plate (6).

本発明の特徴とするところは、面板(2)に形成したG
 a A s光電面(3)の光出射側に、この光電面(
3)とマイクロチャンネルプレート(4)とをともに半
導体単結晶材料を用いて一体化して構成することである
。その結果、入射光hvが光電面(3)に入射すると、
その内部で電子が発生し、発生した電子をそのままマイ
クロチャンネルプレート(4)のチャンネル(8)の内
部に放出させるものである。
The feature of the present invention is that the G formed on the face plate (2)
This photocathode (
3) and the microchannel plate (4) are both integrally constructed using a semiconductor single crystal material. As a result, when the incident light hv enters the photocathode (3),
Electrons are generated inside the microchannel plate (4), and the generated electrons are directly released into the channels (8) of the microchannel plate (4).

本発明による上記増倍部付き光電面(7)の製作方法と
その構造を第2図に基きさらに詳しく説明する。
The manufacturing method and structure of the photocathode (7) with a multiplier according to the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.

(1)まず、第2図(a)に示すように、マイクロチャ
ンネルプレート(4)を構成する半導体単結晶材料とし
て厚さ700μm程度のSLまたはG a A s高抵
抗基板(9)を用意する。
(1) First, as shown in FIG. 2(a), an SL or GaAs high resistance substrate (9) with a thickness of about 700 μm is prepared as a semiconductor single crystal material constituting the microchannel plate (4). .

(2) (b)に示すように、この基板(9)上に光電
面(3)を構成する半導体単結晶材料として、10”c
n−3程度のP”−GaAsを約2μm成長させる。
(2) As shown in (b), a 10”c
P''-GaAs of about n-3 is grown to a thickness of about 2 μm.

(3) (c)に示すように、基板(9)側から、低圧
反応性イオンエツチングなどの方法により、前記P”−
G a A sの光電面(3)を残して円筒状の孔(チ
ャンネル)(8,3を全面にわたって多数穿設する。こ
の孔(8)の直径は例えば10μ墓とするが、用途に応
じて適切な値に設定される。
(3) As shown in (c), the P''-
A large number of cylindrical holes (channels) (8, 3) are bored over the entire surface, leaving the photocathode (3) of G a As. The diameter of this hole (8) is, for example, 10μ, but it can be changed depending on the purpose. is set to an appropriate value.

(4)面板(2)と高抵抗基板(9)との接合部に、接
着の媒介と反射防止のためSin、層(lO)を堆積さ
せる。ついで、約600℃の電気炉中で熱膨張係数がG
 a A sに近いガラス面板(2)と加圧しつつ熱圧
着する。
(4) A layer of Sin (IO) is deposited on the joint between the face plate (2) and the high-resistance substrate (9) to mediate adhesion and prevent reflection. Then, in an electric furnace at about 600°C, the coefficient of thermal expansion is G.
a Heat and press while applying pressure to the glass face plate (2) close to A s.

(5)前記多数の孔(8)の内側に、ある電気伝導度を
持った物質をコーディングし、かつ孔(8)の開孔端に
電極を形成し、また、光電面(3)を他端の電極として
マイクロチャンネルプレート(4)が形成される。これ
らを管(1)、面板(2)、ファイバープレート(6)
などからなる管球の中に組み込み、真空に排気するとと
もに、Csを導入する。
(5) Coating the inside of the many holes (8) with a substance having a certain electrical conductivity, forming an electrode at the open end of the holes (8), and forming a photocathode (3) on the other side. A microchannel plate (4) is formed as an end electrode. These are the tube (1), face plate (2), fiber plate (6)
It is assembled into a tube consisting of a tube, evacuated to a vacuum, and Cs is introduced.

以上のようにして増倍部付き透過型半導体光電面(7)
が形成されるとともに、イメージインテンシファイヤ管
が完成する。そしてマイクロチャンネルプレート(4)
の入出力側間に形成した電極に電圧を印加してチャンネ
ル方向に電位勾配を発生させる。この状態において、第
1図に示すように、光電面(3)に光hvが入射すると
、この光電面(3)内で電子が発生し、これがチャンネ
ル(8)の内壁に何回も衝突して指数関数的に増倍され
て、蛍光面(5)に衝突すると、蛍光面(5)で光に変
換され、ファイバープレート(6)を経て外部にとり呂
される。
Transmissive semiconductor photocathode with multiplier (7) as described above
is formed, and the image intensifier tube is completed. and microchannel plate (4)
A voltage is applied to the electrode formed between the input and output sides of the channel to generate a potential gradient in the channel direction. In this state, as shown in Figure 1, when light hv is incident on the photocathode (3), electrons are generated within the photocathode (3), which collide with the inner wall of the channel (8) many times. When the light is exponentially multiplied and collides with the phosphor screen (5), it is converted into light by the phosphor screen (5), and is transmitted to the outside via the fiber plate (6).

「発明の効果」 (1)使用する半導体単結晶が従来のAlGaAs層/
P”−GaAs層/ A I G a A s層/Ga
As基板の4層構造に代えて、P”−GaAs層/Ga
As(またはSi)マイクロチャンネルプレート層の構
造になり、AlGaAs層を窓層としていないため、紫
外から可視領域にも感度がある広帯域の分光感度特性が
得られる。
“Effects of the invention” (1) The semiconductor single crystal used is a conventional AlGaAs layer/
P''-GaAs layer/AIGaAs layer/Ga
Instead of the four-layer structure of the As substrate, a P”-GaAs layer/Ga
Since the structure is an As (or Si) microchannel plate layer and the AlGaAs layer is not used as a window layer, a broadband spectral sensitivity characteristic with sensitivity from the ultraviolet to the visible region can be obtained.

(2)マイクロチャンネルプレートをガラス材料に代え
て半導体単結晶材料を使用したことにより、マイクロチ
ャンネルプレートからのガス放出が少なく、光電面のア
ルカリバランスを一定に保つことができ、ライフ特性が
向上する。
(2) By using a semiconductor single crystal material instead of a glass material for the microchannel plate, there is less gas released from the microchannel plate, and the alkaline balance of the photocathode can be kept constant, improving life characteristics. .

(3)光電面とマイクロチャンネルプレートを密着し、
その距離をなくしたので、従来のイメージインテンシフ
ァイヤ管にみられるような光電面一マイクロチャンネル
プレート間の製作上のばらつきがなく、また解像度が向
上する。しかも本発明をイメージインテンシファイヤ管
に適用することにより、全体の形状をより小型化するこ
とができる。
(3) Bring the photocathode and microchannel plate into close contact,
Since this distance is eliminated, there is no manufacturing variation between the photocathode and the microchannel plate as seen in conventional image intensifier tubes, and the resolution is improved. Furthermore, by applying the present invention to an image intensifier tube, the overall shape can be further reduced.

(4)これらの効果はイメージインテンシファイヤ管以
外の撮像管やマイクロチャンネルプレート内蔵光電子増
倍管、マルチアノードマイクロチャンネルプレート内蔵
光電子増倍管などにも発揮される。
(4) These effects are also exhibited in image pickup tubes other than image intensifier tubes, photomultiplier tubes with a built-in microchannel plate, photomultiplier tubes with a built-in multi-anode microchannel plate, and the like.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明による増倍部付き光電面の一実施例を示
す拡大正面図、第2図は製作工程図、第3図はイメージ
インテンシファイヤ管に組込んだ断面図、第4WIは従
来のイメージインテンシファイヤ管の断面図である。 (1)・・・管、(2)・・・面板、(3)・・・光電
面、(4)・・・マイクロチャンネルプレート、(5)
・・・蛍光面、(6)・・・ファイバープレート、(7
)・・・増倍部付き透過型半導体光電面、(8)・・・
孔(チャンネル)、 (9)・・・基板、(10)・・
・Sin、膜。 出願人  浜松ホトニクス株式会社
Fig. 1 is an enlarged front view showing one embodiment of the photocathode with a multiplier according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a manufacturing process diagram, Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the photocathode assembled into an image intensifier tube, and FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional image intensifier tube. (1)...tube, (2)...face plate, (3)...photocathode, (4)...microchannel plate, (5)
... Fluorescent screen, (6) ... Fiber plate, (7
)... Transmissive semiconductor photocathode with multiplier, (8)...
Hole (channel), (9)...Substrate, (10)...
・Sin, membrane. Applicant Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)光電面とマイクロチャンネルプレートとを、とも
に半導体単結晶材料を用いて一体化して構成したことを
特徴とする増倍部付き光電面。
(1) A photocathode with a multiplier, characterized in that the photocathode and the microchannel plate are both integrally constructed using a semiconductor single crystal material.
JP24862490A 1990-09-20 1990-09-20 Photocathode with multiplier Expired - Fee Related JP2944045B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24862490A JP2944045B2 (en) 1990-09-20 1990-09-20 Photocathode with multiplier

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24862490A JP2944045B2 (en) 1990-09-20 1990-09-20 Photocathode with multiplier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH04129134A true JPH04129134A (en) 1992-04-30
JP2944045B2 JP2944045B2 (en) 1999-08-30

Family

ID=17180884

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP24862490A Expired - Fee Related JP2944045B2 (en) 1990-09-20 1990-09-20 Photocathode with multiplier

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2944045B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011517044A (en) * 2008-04-10 2011-05-26 アラディアンス インコーポレイテッド Image intensifier

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011517044A (en) * 2008-04-10 2011-05-26 アラディアンス インコーポレイテッド Image intensifier
JP2014067730A (en) * 2008-04-10 2014-04-17 Arradiance Inc Image intensifier device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2944045B2 (en) 1999-08-30

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