JPH04124682A - Magnetic toner - Google Patents
Magnetic tonerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04124682A JPH04124682A JP2243781A JP24378190A JPH04124682A JP H04124682 A JPH04124682 A JP H04124682A JP 2243781 A JP2243781 A JP 2243781A JP 24378190 A JP24378190 A JP 24378190A JP H04124682 A JPH04124682 A JP H04124682A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- particle size
- particles
- magnetic
- toner particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 fluororesins Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUZBYYLVVXPEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCOC(=O)C=C TUZBYYLVVXPEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSMUVYRMZCOLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N metsulfuron methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(C)=NC(OC)=N1 RSMUVYRMZCOLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、電子写真法、静電記録法、静電印刷法等にお
いて、静電荷像を現像するための磁性トナーに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a magnetic toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like.
（従来の技術）
電子写真法等において、静電荷像を現像する為に用いる
現像剤としては、二成分現像方式に使用するものと一成
分現像方式に使用するものとに大別される。二成分現像
方式においては、トナー粒子がキャリア表面に付着する
ことによって現像剤が劣化し、また、トナーのみが消費
されるために現像剤中のトナーの濃度割合を一定に保た
なければならず、その為の現像装置が大型化するという
欠点がある。したがって、その様な欠点のない一成分現
像方式が現像方式の主流になりつつある。(Prior Art) In electrophotography and the like, developers used to develop electrostatic images are broadly classified into those used in two-component development systems and those used in one-component development systems. In the two-component development method, the developer deteriorates due to toner particles adhering to the carrier surface, and since only the toner is consumed, the concentration ratio of toner in the developer must be kept constant. However, there is a drawback that the developing device for this purpose becomes large in size. Therefore, the one-component development method, which does not have such drawbacks, is becoming the mainstream development method.
−成分現像方式に使用される、いわゆる−成分現像剤に
ついては、従来から、種々のものが提案され、磁性トナ
ーも知られている。Various types of so-called -component developers used in the -component development system have been proposed, and magnetic toners are also known.
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
ところで、−成分現像方式を用いる場合、現像ユニット
の長寿命化及び省スペース化の目的で、トナーカートリ
ッジを、現像機とは別に特定の位置に設置し、トナー供
給を行なうカートリッジ供給方式のものが増えている。(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, when using the -component development method, for the purpose of extending the life of the developing unit and saving space, the toner cartridge is installed at a specific position separately from the developing machine, and the toner cartridge is Cartridge supply systems are increasingly being used.
しかしながら、従来の−成分磁性トナーをこのカートリ
ッジ供給方式に用いてコピー操作を行なうと、トナー消
費の繰り返しに伴い、現像性の低いトナーが消費されず
に現像機内に蓄積され、最終的には画像品質が損なわれ
るという問題が生じた。この問題は、補給するトナーの
供給方式にも依存し、例えば、現像機の片側からトナー
を供給するような方式では、現像性の低いトナーがトナ
ー供給口の反対側に蓄積され、その部分での画像品質の
劣化がさらに顕著になって現われるといった不具合が生
じた。さらにこのような現象は、トナーの粒径が小さい
ほど顕著に現れ、高画質化と高信頼性化との両立におけ
る妨げになっていた。However, when copying operations are performed using conventional -component magnetic toner in this cartridge supply method, as toner consumption is repeated, toner with low developability is not consumed and accumulates in the developing machine, and eventually the image A problem arose in that quality was compromised. This problem also depends on the toner supply method. For example, if toner is supplied from one side of the developing machine, toner with poor developability will accumulate on the opposite side of the toner supply port, and A problem occurred in which the deterioration of the image quality became more pronounced. Furthermore, this phenomenon becomes more pronounced as the particle size of the toner becomes smaller, and becomes an obstacle to achieving both high image quality and high reliability.
本発明は、−成分磁性トナーを使用した場合の上記のよ
うな問題点を解決することを目的としてなされたもので
ある。The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems when using a -component magnetic toner.
したがって、本発明の目的は、シャープな現像特性分布
を有し、トナーのカートリッジ補給を行なう現像方式に
使用した場合においても、初期から現像機の寿命が尽き
るまで、高画質を維持できる磁性トナーを提供すること
にある。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to develop a magnetic toner that has a sharp development characteristic distribution and that can maintain high image quality from the initial stage until the end of the life of the developing machine even when used in a developing system that replenishes toner cartridges. It is about providing.
（課題を解決するための手段）
本発明者等は、トナーの粒度分布を狭くし、かつ外添剤
の付着強度を強くした場合、現像機の片方の側からトナ
ーを供給するようなトナー供給方式の現像方式において
も、初期の高画質を維持できる磁性−成分トナーが得ら
れることを見出だし、本発明を完成するに至った。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present inventors have proposed a toner supply method in which the toner is supplied from one side of the developing machine when the particle size distribution of the toner is narrowed and the adhesion strength of the external additive is strengthened. The present inventors have discovered that a magnetic component toner that can maintain initial high image quality can be obtained even in this developing method, and have completed the present invention.
本発明は、少なくとも結着樹脂及び磁性体微粒子を含有
するトナー粒子と外添剤としてシリカ微粒子とよりなる
磁性トナーにおいて、該トナー粒子は、その平均粒径（
体積平均粒径）が６．５〜１１．５虜であり、かつ、粒
径５１１Ｒ以下が１２個数％以下の粒度分布を有するも
のであり、シリカ微粒子のトナー粒子表面における厚さ
が０．０５７ａ以下であることを特徴とする。The present invention provides a magnetic toner comprising toner particles containing at least a binder resin and magnetic fine particles, and silica fine particles as an external additive, wherein the toner particles have an average particle diameter (
The volume average particle diameter) is 6.5 to 11.5 mm, and the particle size distribution is 12% by number or less of particles of 511R or less, and the thickness of the silica fine particles on the toner particle surface is 0.057a. It is characterized by the following:
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。The present invention will be explained in detail below.
本発明の磁性トナーにおけるトナー粒子は、少なくとも
結着樹脂と磁性体微粒子とを含有する。The toner particles in the magnetic toner of the present invention contain at least a binder resin and magnetic fine particles.
使用される結着樹脂としては、公知の樹脂、例えば、ス
チレン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、オレフィン樹脂、ジエン樹
脂、ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フッ素樹脂、シ
リコーン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、石油樹脂、ウレタン樹
脂等の合成樹脂及び天然樹脂が使用できる。The binder resin to be used includes synthetic resins such as known resins, such as styrene resins, acrylic resins, olefin resins, diene resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, fluororesins, silicone resins, phenolic resins, petroleum resins, and urethane resins. Resins and natural resins can be used.
一方、磁性体微粒子としては、公知の磁性体、例えば、
鉄、コバルト、ニッケル等の金属及びこれ等の合金、Ｆ
ｅ ３０４．７− Ｆ ｅ ２０３、コバルト添加酸
化鉄等の金属酸化物、Ｍ ｎ Ｚ ｎフェライト、Ｎｉ
Ｚｎフェライト等の各種のフェライト、マグネタイト、
ヘマタイト等が使用できる。これ等磁性体微粒子の粒径
は、０．０５〜１ｍの範囲が好ましい。On the other hand, as the magnetic fine particles, known magnetic substances such as
Metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel and alloys thereof, F
e 304.7- Fe 203, metal oxides such as cobalt-added iron oxide, M n Z n ferrite, Ni
Various ferrites such as Zn ferrite, magnetite,
Hematite etc. can be used. The particle size of these magnetic fine particles is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 1 m.
本発明におけるトナー粒子は、上記結着剤を磁性体微粒
子と加熱混練し、冷却後、粉砕、分級することによって
形成される。結着樹脂の混合割合は、トナー粒子全体に
対して８０〜７ｏ重量％の範囲にあるのが好ましく、よ
り好ましくは４０〜６５重量％の範囲である。結着樹脂
が７０重量％を越える場合には、磁性体微粒子の量の低
下により、マグネツトによるトナーの搬送力が低下し、
トナーの飛散の問題が発生する。一方３０重量％よりも
低い場合には、濃度の再現性が低下するという問題が発
生する。The toner particles in the present invention are formed by heating and kneading the binder with magnetic fine particles, cooling, pulverizing and classifying. The mixing ratio of the binder resin is preferably in the range of 80 to 7% by weight, more preferably in the range of 40 to 65% by weight based on the total toner particles. When the binder resin exceeds 70% by weight, the amount of magnetic fine particles decreases, and the toner conveyance force by the magnet decreases.
Problems with toner scattering occur. On the other hand, if it is lower than 30% by weight, a problem arises in that the reproducibility of the concentration decreases.
また、本発明において、上記トナー粒子には、帯電制御
、電気抵抗制御等の目的で、種々の物質を添加すること
ができる。例えば、フッ素系界面活性剤、サリチル酸、
クロム錯体のようなりロム系染料、マレイン酸を単量体
成分として含む共重合体の如き高分子酸、４級アンモニ
ウム塩、ニグロシン等のアジン系染料、カーボンブラッ
ク等を添加することができる。Further, in the present invention, various substances can be added to the toner particles for the purpose of controlling charging, electrical resistance, etc. For example, fluorosurfactants, salicylic acid,
ROM dyes such as chromium complexes, polymeric acids such as copolymers containing maleic acid as a monomer component, quaternary ammonium salts, azine dyes such as nigrosine, carbon black, etc. can be added.
更にまた、耐オフセット性をより完全にするために、離
型剤を添加してもよい。離型剤としては、炭素数８以上
のパラフィン、ポリオレフィン等が好ましく、例えば、
パラフィンワックス、パラフィンラテックス、マイクロ
クリスタリンワックス等が使用できる。Furthermore, a mold release agent may be added to further improve offset resistance. As the mold release agent, paraffin, polyolefin, etc. having 8 or more carbon atoms are preferable, for example,
Paraffin wax, paraffin latex, microcrystalline wax, etc. can be used.
本発明においては、トナー粒子は、平均粒径６．５〜１
１．５，１１１１の範囲にあることが必要である。平均
粒径６．５虜よりも小さくなると、微粉が多く、現像性
が低下する。また、ＬＬ、５．ｉｓよりも大きくなると
、画質のかさつき感が強く、細線の再現性か悪く、太り
が生じてしまう。In the present invention, the toner particles have an average particle size of 6.5 to 1
It needs to be in the range of 1.5,1111. If the average particle size is smaller than 6.5 mm, there will be a large amount of fine powder and the developability will deteriorate. Also, LL, 5. If it is larger than is, the image quality will feel bulky, the reproducibility of fine lines will be poor, and thick lines will appear.
また、本発明においては、トナー粒子は、粒径５ａ以下
が１２個数％以下の粒度分布を有するものであることが
必要であり、それにより繰り返しコピー操作を行った場
合にも、高い画像品質のコピー画像が形成される。その
理由は、必ずしも明確ではないが、次のように考えられ
る。すなわち、現像の繰り返しに際しては、現像性の高
いトナー粒子から消費されて、現像性の低いトナー粒子
は蓄積される、いわゆる選択現像が起こるものと考えら
れ、その選択現像が画像品質の劣化を招くことになる。In addition, in the present invention, the toner particles must have a particle size distribution in which particles with a particle size of 5a or less account for 12% or less, so that high image quality can be maintained even when repeated copying operations are performed. A copy image is formed. Although the reason is not necessarily clear, it is thought to be as follows. That is, when development is repeated, it is thought that so-called selective development occurs, in which toner particles with high developability are consumed and toner particles with low developability are accumulated, and this selective development causes deterioration of image quality. It turns out.
ところが、粒径５虜以下が１２個数％以下になると、ト
ナー粒子の現像性が高いものとなり、このトナー粒子奔
補給して、繰り返し現像を行う場合には、予め高い現像
性を持つトナーを追加することになるので、初期の画像
品質を維持することができると考えられる。However, when the number of particles with a particle size of 5 mm or less is less than 12%, the developability of the toner particles becomes high, and when replenishing these toner particles and performing repeated development, toner with high developability is added in advance. Therefore, it is considered that the initial image quality can be maintained.
なお、本発明において、粒度分布は、コールタ−カウン
ターＴＡ−ＩＩ型で測定した値である。In the present invention, the particle size distribution is a value measured using a Coulter Counter Model TA-II.
上記トナー粒子に対して、その耐久性、流動性或いは帯
電性を向上させる目的で、外添剤としてシリカ微粒子が
添加される。Fine silica particles are added as an external additive to the toner particles for the purpose of improving their durability, fluidity, or chargeability.
本発明において使用するシリカ微粒子の粒径は４０ｎ■
以下、好ましくは２０ｎ−以下の範囲のものが好ましい
。The particle size of the silica fine particles used in the present invention is 40n■
Hereinafter, preferably those in the range of 20n- or less are preferred.
このシリカ微粒子は、通常、トナー粒子１００重量部に
対して、０．３．〜０，７０部部の範囲で添加するのが
好ましい。添加量が０．３重量部よりも少なくなると、
トナーの流動性或いは現像性が劣化し、また、０．７重
量部よりも多くなると、シリカ微粒子の吸湿により耐久
性が悪くなる。The silica fine particles are usually 0.3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of toner particles. It is preferable to add in an amount of 0.70 parts to 0.70 parts. When the amount added is less than 0.3 parts by weight,
The fluidity or developability of the toner deteriorates, and if the amount exceeds 0.7 parts by weight, the durability deteriorates due to moisture absorption by the silica particles.
本発明において、このシリカ微粒子は、トナー粒子表面
に強固に付着していることが必要であるが、そしてその
付着状態を規定するために、シリカ微粒子のトナー粒子
表面における厚さを測定して、その厚さを付着状態の目
安とした。なお、シリカ微粒子のトナー粒子表面におけ
る厚さは、ＴＥＭ（透過型電子顕微鏡）写真における外
添剤のシルエツト像から求めた値である。In the present invention, it is necessary that the silica fine particles firmly adhere to the toner particle surface, and in order to define the adhesion state, the thickness of the silica fine particles on the toner particle surface is measured. The thickness was used as a guideline for the adhesion state. The thickness of the silica fine particles on the toner particle surface is a value determined from a silhouette image of the external additive in a TEM (transmission electron microscope) photograph.
本発明者等の検討の結果、シリカ微粒子のトナー粒子表
面における厚さは、０．０５ａ以下である場合に、初期
の高画質が維持できることを確認した。As a result of studies conducted by the present inventors, it has been confirmed that the initial high image quality can be maintained when the thickness of the silica fine particles on the toner particle surface is 0.05a or less.
その厚さが０．０５ｍよりも大になると、シリカ微粒子
がゆるやかに付着した状態になるために、トナーの搬送
中に離脱し、現像性の低いトナーが蓄積され、画像品質
の劣化を招くようになる。If the thickness is greater than 0.05 m, the silica particles will be loosely attached and will separate during toner transport, resulting in accumulation of toner with poor developability and deterioration of image quality. become.
本発明において、シリカ微粒子のトナー粒子表面におけ
る厚さを０．０！ｕｓ以下にするためには、シリカ微粒
子をトナー粒子に添加した後、例えば、ヘンシェルミキ
サーによって混合処理すればよい。In the present invention, the thickness of the silica fine particles on the toner particle surface is set to 0.0! In order to make the amount less than 1.0 μs, fine silica particles may be added to toner particles and then mixed using, for example, a Henschel mixer.
（実施例） 以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.
しかしながら、本発明は、これらの実施例によって同等
限定されるものではない。なお、下記の説明において、
「部」は、すべて「重量部」を表わす。However, the invention is not equally limited by these examples. In addition, in the following explanation,
All "parts" represent "parts by weight."
実施例１
トナーの製造：
マグネタイト微粉末 ５０部（Ｈｃ
−１２００ｅ、粒径０．３ ｆｉ）スチレン−ブチルア
クリレート ４６部（８０／２０）共重合体（
Ｍｎ−約４０００、Ｍｙ−約３０００００）
帯電制御剤（含Ｃｒ染料二ＴＲＩＩ ） １部
ポリプロピレンワックス ３部上上記骨
を混合し、押出機により加熱混練して押し出し、冷却し
た後、ハンマーミルにより粉砕して、平均粒径的Ｉ■嘗
の粗粉砕組成物を得た。この粗粉砕組成物をさらに微粉
砕し、分級して、平均粒径約７虜、かつ、５ａ以下が１
１個数％のトナー粒子を得た。Example 1 Production of toner: 50 parts of magnetite fine powder (Hc
-1200e, particle size 0.3 fi) Styrene-butyl acrylate 46 parts (80/20) copolymer (
Mn - approx. 4000, My - approx. 300000) Charge control agent (Cr-containing dye 2 TRII) 1 part polypropylene wax 3 parts The above bones were mixed, heated and kneaded using an extruder, extruded, cooled, and then pulverized using a hammer mill. A coarsely pulverized composition having an average particle size of 1.5 times was obtained. This coarsely pulverized composition was further finely pulverized and classified to have an average particle size of about 7 grains, and 1 particle of 5a or less.
1% by number of toner particles were obtained.
このトナー粒子１００部に対して、平均粒径１６ｎ■の
疎水性シリカ微粒子０．６部を加え、５１ヘンシエルミ
キサーを用いて２２２０ ｒｐｍの条件で２０分間分分
散会して、表面にシリカ微粒子が０．０５ｍの厚さで付
着した磁性トナーを調製した。To 100 parts of the toner particles, 0.6 parts of hydrophobic silica fine particles with an average particle size of 16 nm were added, and the mixture was dispersed for 20 minutes at 2220 rpm using a 51 Henschel mixer to form silica fine particles on the surface. A magnetic toner having a thickness of 0.05 m was prepared.
なお、シリカ微粒子の厚さは、次のようにして行った。Note that the thickness of the silica fine particles was determined as follows.
■ 液体窒素下でコロジオン膜を張ったメツシュを用意
する。■ Prepare a mesh covered with collodion film under liquid nitrogen.
■ メツシュを液体窒素に漬けて霜を付ける。■ Soak the mesh in liquid nitrogen to frost it.
■ メツシュ表面をサンプルトナーに軽く押し、付け、
余分なトナーは払い落とす。■ Lightly press the surface of the mesh onto the sample toner to apply it.
Brush off excess toner.
■ メツシュ表面に薄いカーボン蒸着膜を形成する。■ Form a thin carbon vapor deposition film on the mesh surface.
■ Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ （１００−Ｂ 、日本電子■製）によ
って写真撮影しく加速電圧：８０ＫＶ、ＯＢＪ絞り：１
、倍率： ２００００倍）、得られたＴＥＭ写真から、
シリカ微粒子のトナー粒子表面における厚さを求める。■ Take photos using TEM (100-B, manufactured by JEOL ■) Acceleration voltage: 80KV, OBJ aperture: 1
, magnification: 20,000 times), from the obtained TEM photograph,
The thickness of the silica fine particles on the toner particle surface is determined.
上記の磁性トナーを用いてその特性を評価すると共に、
電子写真複写機（ＰＸ５０３０改造機、富士ゼロックス
■製）によって５０００枚のコピーテストを行った。こ
のコピーテストにおいて、トナー供給方式は、磁性トナ
ーを一方の側面に設けられた供給口からデベロパーハウ
ジング内に供給し、オーガーにより、反対側まで搬送す
るタイプのものを採用した。そして、トナー供給口付近
（ＯＵＴ ＢＯＡＲＤ）及び供給口の反対側（ＩＮ Ｂ
ＯＡＲＤ）の画質を評価した。それ等の結果を第１表に
示す。In addition to evaluating the characteristics using the above magnetic toner,
A 5,000 copy test was conducted using an electrophotographic copying machine (modified PX5030, manufactured by Fuji Xerox ■). In this copy test, the toner supply system used was one in which magnetic toner was supplied into the developer housing from a supply port provided on one side, and transported to the opposite side by an auger. Then, near the toner supply port (OUT BOARD) and on the opposite side of the toner supply port (IN B
The image quality of OARD) was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
実施例２
実施例１の粗粉砕組成物を、微粉砕して、平均粒径約Ｈ
ａ、かつ５虜以下が１１個数％のトナー粒子を得た。Example 2 The coarsely ground composition of Example 1 was finely ground to an average particle size of about H
A, and 11% by number of toner particles containing 5 particles or less were obtained.
このトナー粒子１００部に対して、平均粒径１．６ｎ＊
の疎水性シリカ微粒子０．６部を加え、５ｇヘンシェル
ミキサーを用いて２２２０ ｒｐ−の条件で２０分間分
分散会して、表面にシリカ微粒子が０．０４ｍの厚さで
付着した磁性トナーを調製した。For 100 parts of this toner particle, the average particle size is 1.6n*
0.6 part of hydrophobic silica fine particles were added and the mixture was dispersed for 20 minutes at 2220 rpm using a 5 g Henschel mixer to prepare a magnetic toner with silica fine particles adhered to the surface with a thickness of 0.04 m. did.
比較例１
実施例１におけると同様のトナー粒子及びシリカ微粒子
を、５ｇヘンシェルミキサーを用いて２２２０ ｒｐ−
の条件１０分間分分散会して、表面にシリカ微粒子が０
．０７４の厚さで付着した磁性トナーを調製した。Comparative Example 1 The same toner particles and silica particles as in Example 1 were mixed at 2220 rp- using a 5g Henschel mixer.
After 10 minutes of dispersion under these conditions, no silica particles were left on the surface.
．． A magnetic toner deposited at a thickness of 0.074 mm was prepared.
比較例２
実施例１の粗粉砕組成物を、微粉砕して、平均粒径約１
１ａ、かつ５ｓ以下が１５個数％のトナー粒子を得た。Comparative Example 2 The coarsely pulverized composition of Example 1 was finely pulverized to an average particle size of about 1
1a and 15% by number of toner particles of 5s or less were obtained.
このトナー粒子１００部に対して、平均粒径１６ｎｍの
疎水性シリカ微粒子０．６部を加え、実施例１と同様に
分散混合して、表面にシリカ微粒子が０．０４−の厚さ
で付着した磁性トナーを調製した。To 100 parts of the toner particles, 0.6 parts of hydrophobic silica particles with an average particle size of 16 nm were added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1, so that the silica particles adhered to the surface with a thickness of 0.04-. A magnetic toner was prepared.
比較例３
実施例１の粗粉砕組成物を、微粉砕して、平均粒径約１
２ｍｇ、かつ５−以下が１１個数％のトナー粒子を得た
。Comparative Example 3 The coarsely pulverized composition of Example 1 was finely pulverized to an average particle size of about 1
Toner particles weighing 2 mg and containing 11% by number of 5- or less particles were obtained.
このトナー粒子１００部に対して、平均粒径０．０４虜
の疎水性シリカ微粒子０．６部を加え、実施例１と同様
に分散混合して、表面にシリカ微粒子が０．０４ｍの厚
さで付着した磁性トナーを調製した。To 100 parts of the toner particles, 0.6 parts of hydrophobic silica particles with an average particle size of 0.04 mm were added and mixed in the same manner as in Example 1, so that the silica particles were coated on the surface with a thickness of 0.04 m. A magnetic toner was prepared.
上記実施例２及び比較例１〜３の磁性トナーについても
、実施例１と同様にしてコピーテストを行った。それら
の評価結果を第１表に示す。なお、判定は、目視による
限度見本で行なった。A copy test was also conducted on the magnetic toners of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. Note that the judgment was made by visual inspection using a limit sample.
第１表中、解像度の評価は次の通りである。Ｏ・・・良
好、×・・・不良。In Table 1, the evaluation of resolution is as follows. O...Good, ×...Poor.
ブラー、すなわち画像の飛び散りの評価は次の通りであ
る。Ｏ・・・少ない、×・・・多い。Evaluation of blur, that is, image scattering, is as follows. O...few, ×...many.
また、画質特性の槽中、ＯＢはトナー供給口付近、ＩＢ
は供給口の反対側を意味し、６例の上段は初期の値、下
段は５０００枚コピー時の値を示す。In addition, in the tank for image quality characteristics, OB is near the toner supply port, IB
means the opposite side of the supply port, the upper row of the six examples shows the initial value, and the lower row shows the value when 5000 sheets were copied.
以下余白
（発明の効果）
本発明の磁性トナーは、使用中の粒度変化が小さく、シ
リカ微粒子の脱離が少ない極めて安定したトナーである
。したかって、上記したような現像機の片方の側からト
ナーを供給するトナー供給方式を採用した電子写真複写
装置に使用した場合においても、初期の高画質を現像機
の寿命が尽きるまで維持することができる。Margins below (Effects of the Invention) The magnetic toner of the present invention is an extremely stable toner with little change in particle size during use and little detachment of fine silica particles. Therefore, even when used in an electrophotographic copying apparatus that employs a toner supply method that supplies toner from one side of the developing machine as described above, it is necessary to maintain the initial high image quality until the end of the life of the developing machine. I can do it.
出願人 富士ゼロックス株式会社Applicant: Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
トナー粒子と外添剤としてシリカ微粒子とよりなる磁性
トナーにおいて、該トナー粒子は、その平均粒径が６．
５〜１１．５μｍであり、かつ、粒径５μｍ以下が１２
個数％以下の粒度分布を有するものであり、シリカ微粒
子のトナー粒子表面における厚さが０．０５μｍ以下で
あることを特徴とする磁性トナー。(1) A magnetic toner comprising toner particles containing at least a binder resin and magnetic fine particles and silica fine particles as an external additive, the toner particles having an average particle size of 6.5 mm.
5 to 11.5 μm, and the particle size is 5 μm or less.
A magnetic toner having a particle size distribution of 0.05 μm or less on the surface of the toner particles of silica fine particles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2243781A JPH04124682A (en) | 1990-09-17 | 1990-09-17 | Magnetic toner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2243781A JPH04124682A (en) | 1990-09-17 | 1990-09-17 | Magnetic toner |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04124682A true JPH04124682A (en) | 1992-04-24 |
Family
ID=17108878
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2243781A Pending JPH04124682A (en) | 1990-09-17 | 1990-09-17 | Magnetic toner |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04124682A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6790575B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2004-09-14 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Two-component developer, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
-
1990
- 1990-09-17 JP JP2243781A patent/JPH04124682A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6790575B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2004-09-14 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Two-component developer, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
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