JPH03297326A - Culture of food of fungus lump - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To shorten a growth period and to obtain a hard food of fungus lump having excellent durability by culturing mycelia in a culture bottle, developing a great number of primordia on a bed surface of the top of spawns without raking fungi, thickening the primordia under a condition of deficiency of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide gas. CONSTITUTION:A medium 16 is packed into a culture bottle 18 and sterilized. Spawns 24 are inoculated on the medium 16 and cultured. Without carrying out previous raking, a great number of projecting primordia 28 are developed on a bed surface of spawns 24 of the top of the spawns in a growth chamber at the stage where mycelia grow thick up to 1/3 the upper part in the medium. Then, the growth chamber is made under a condition of deficiency of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide gas, development of fruit body is suppressed, a cylindrical material 26 for formation having the widened top is attached to the bottle, the bottle is inverted and held on a supporting material, fungus lump is thickened with following the inner shape of the cylinder material 26 for formation to bond the primordia 28.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は菌塊食品の栽培方法に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a method for cultivating bacterial mass food.

（背景技術） シイタケ、シメン（シロタモギタケ）、ヒラタケ、エノ
キタケ等のキノコの人工栽培が普及している。(Background Art) Artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as shiitake, shimen (shirotamogitake), oyster mushroom, and enokitake has become widespread.

ところでこれら人工栽培で栽培されるキノコはいずれも
菌茎部と画素部からなる、はぼ天然に産するキノコに近
い形態を有するものであった。By the way, all of these artificially cultivated mushrooms had a morphology similar to that of naturally occurring mushrooms, consisting of a fungal stalk part and a pixel part.

このため、その利用法は主に鍋物材料として和食に供さ
れるのが多く調理法は限られていた。For this reason, its use was mainly as an ingredient in Japanese dishes, and its cooking methods were limited.

そこで発明者は先に、これらキノコがナイフ、フォーク
を使用する洋食にもなじむように、菌糸を癒合結着させ
てブロック状に肥大化させた菌塊食品およびその栽培方
法を開発し、特許出願を行っている（特願昭６２−１４
５８６号）。Therefore, in order to make these mushrooms suitable for Western cuisine that uses knives and forks, the inventor developed a food product in which mycelia are fused and enlarged into a block shape, and a method for cultivating the same, and filed a patent application. (Special application 1986-14)
No. 586).

このような大きな菌塊食品を得るには、子実体が発芽す
・る前に突状に菌糸組織である原基が発生した段階で、
生育条件を酸素欠乏、炭酸ガス過多の雰囲気に移行せし
めることによって、子実体の発生を抑制しつつ、原基を
伸長せしめ、これにより隣接する原基が次第に太くなっ
て接近して接触し、やがては癒合結着して大きな菌塊と
なるものであった。In order to obtain such large bacterial mass food, before the fruiting body germinates, at the stage when the primordium, which is a protruding hyphal tissue, has developed,
By changing the growth conditions to an oxygen-deficient and carbon-rich atmosphere, the development of fruiting bodies is suppressed and the primordium is elongated. As a result, adjacent primordia gradually become thicker and come into contact with each other. The bacteria formed a large bacterial mass by binding together.

（発明が解決しようとする課題） しかし、上記の栽培方法には次のような問題点があった
。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, the above cultivation method has the following problems.

すなわち、生育条件を酸素欠乏、炭酸ガス過多の雰囲気
にするため、必然的に生育が遅くなり、しかも最終的形
態を大きなブロック状とすることからも生育に長期間を
要し、生産性が悪かった。In other words, the growth conditions are oxygen-deficient and carbon dioxide-rich, which inevitably slows down growth, and because the final form is large block-like, it takes a long time to grow, resulting in poor productivity. Ta.

また全体の原基が癒合結着した大きなブロック状のもの
が一応得られたとしても固さが充分でなく、また日持ち
もよくないなどの問題点があった。In addition, even if a large block-like product in which all the primordia were bonded together could be obtained, there were problems such as insufficient hardness and poor shelf life.

そこで本発明は上記問題点を解消すべくなされたもので
、その目的とするところは、生育期間を短縮でき、生産
性の向上が図れ、また固くて日持ちのよい菌塊食品が得
られる菌塊食品の栽培方法を提供するにある。Therefore, the present invention was made to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to shorten the growing period, improve productivity, and produce a bacterial mass food that is hard and has a long shelf life. To provide methods for growing food.

（課題を解決するための手段） 上記目的による本発明では次の工程を含むことを特徴と
している。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention according to the above object is characterized by including the following steps.

次の工程を含むことを特徴とする菌塊食品の栽培方法、 （ａ）　　栽培びん内に培地を充填する工程、（ｂ）　
　培地を殺菌する工程、 （ｃ）　　培地上にキノコの種菌を植菌して菌糸の培養
を行う工程、 （ｄ）　　菌掻きを行わず、生育室で菌糸の増殖を図り
、種菌上面の種菌床面に菌糸組織である突状の多数の原
基を発生させる工程、 （ｅ）　　原基発生後、生育室内を酸素欠乏、炭酸ガス
過多の条件下に形成して、子実体の発生を抑制して原基
を肥大化させ、原基を癒合結着させる工程。A method for cultivating a bacterial mass food comprising the following steps: (a) filling a cultivation bottle with a medium; (b)
sterilizing the medium; (c) inoculating the mushroom seed on the medium and culturing the hyphae; (d) growing the hyphae in the growth chamber without scraping; (e) After the generation of primordia, the growth chamber is created under oxygen-deficient and carbon-rich conditions to suppress the development of fruiting bodies. The process of enlarging the primordium and binding the primordium through fusion.

原基発生後、原基を癒合結着させる工程を、生育室内で
栽培びんを支持体上に倒立させ、支持体を透過させてび
ん口内への空気流通を図り、以ってびん口内を酸素欠乏
炭酸ガス過多の条件下において行うことが好ましい。After generation of the primordium, the process of binding the primordium is carried out by inverting the cultivation bottle on a support in the growth chamber, allowing air to pass through the support and into the mouth of the bottle, thereby increasing oxygen inside the mouth of the bottle. It is preferable to carry out under conditions of deficient carbon dioxide gas and excess carbon dioxide gas.

また、原基を肥大化させる際、びん口に上部が拡径した
成形用筒体を取り付けてのち支持体上に倒立支持し、菌
塊を成形用筒体の内形に倣って生育させるようにすると
好適である。In addition, when enlarging the primordium, a molding cylinder with an enlarged diameter at the top is attached to the bottle mouth and then supported upside down on a support, so that the bacterial mass follows the inner shape of the molding cylinder. It is preferable to

培地はオガ屑を主体とし、これに通常のエノキタケ等の
キノコの人工びん栽培に用いる培地の１゜２倍以上の栄
養素を添加したものを用いる。The medium is mainly made of sawdust, to which is added 1.2 times more nutrients than the medium normally used for cultivating mushrooms such as enokitake in artificial bottles.

（作用） 菌掻きをせず、種菌の上面がら原基を発生させるので、
菌糸の活力が弱まらず、培養終了がら原基発生までの期
間が短縮され、全体の栽培期間が短縮される。(Effect) Since primordia are generated from the upper surface of the inoculum without scraping the bacteria,
The vitality of mycelia does not weaken, the period from the end of culture to the generation of primordium is shortened, and the overall cultivation period is shortened.

また通常のエノキタケ等の人工びん栽培に用いる培地の
１．２倍以上の栄養分を含む培地を用いることによって
、菌糸が培地の上面の１／３程にまで蔓延した時点で原
基の発生が可能となって培養期間が短縮される。さらに
原基発生後菌糸塊に生育する段階においても、豊富な栄
養源がどんどん補給される結果栽培期間が大幅に短縮さ
れる。In addition, by using a medium containing 1.2 times more nutrients than the medium used for the cultivation of ordinary enoki mushrooms in artificial bottles, it is possible to generate primordia once the mycelium has spread to about 1/3 of the top of the medium. This shortens the culture period. Furthermore, even at the stage of growth into a mycelial mass after primordium development, abundant nutrient sources are continuously supplied, resulting in a significant shortening of the cultivation period.

（実施例） 以下には本発明の好適な実施例を添付図面に基づいて詳
細に説明する。(Embodiments) Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the accompanying drawings.

第１図は得るべき画壇食品の説明図を示す。FIG. 1 shows an explanatory diagram of the food products to be obtained.

画壇食品１０は、根部側が切口面Ｉ２で、上面には無数
の微細なイボあるいはゴマ様のつふ、またはサンゴのよ
うな細い棒が突出している。この細い突起物は、従来の
キノコの菌茎部と画素部の生育を著しく抑制した結果生
じるもので、全く菌茎部および画素部の形態をなさない
ものである。この細い突起物には、従来のキノコの画素
部裏面に生しるヒダ状をなす胞子放出部は少なくとも肉
眼では視認できない。The root side of the art food 10 has a cut surface I2, and numerous fine warts, sesame-like welts, or coral-like thin rods protrude from the upper surface. These thin protrusions are produced as a result of significantly suppressing the growth of the fungal stalk and pixel portion of conventional mushrooms, and do not have the shape of the fungal stalk and pixel portion at all. In this thin protrusion, the fold-like spore-emitting part that grows on the back surface of the pixel part of a conventional mushroom cannot be seen, at least with the naked eye.

画壇食品は菌茎部には至らない、培地表面から盛り上が
った菌糸組織（以下これを原基という）とも言うべきも
のが生育過程で一体に癒合した大きな国境をなしている
ものである。Painting food is made up of large borders of mycelial tissue (hereinafter referred to as primordium) that does not reach the fungal stem but swells up from the surface of the culture medium and fuses together during the growth process.

この菌塊部は第２図の破断面形態からもわかるように、
下面から上面に向けてほぼ平行に伸びる菌糸束が多数癒
合しているもので、外観上ホタテ貝の断面組織に似てい
る。As can be seen from the fractured surface form in Figure 2, this bacterial mass is
It is made up of many fused hyphal bundles that extend almost parallel from the bottom to the top, and its appearance resembles the cross-sectional structure of a scallop.

画壇食品の大きさは栽培条件、栽培容器の大きさにもよ
るか、直径１０ｃｍ前後、厚さ３ｃｍ前後のものが得ら
れる。重量は５０ｇ〜８０ｇ程度となる。色は白色ない
し淡い灰色をなす。The size of the edan food depends on the cultivation conditions and the size of the cultivation container, but it can be obtained with a diameter of about 10 cm and a thickness of about 3 cm. The weight will be approximately 50g to 80g. The color is white or pale gray.

なお、キノコ菌の種類は特に限られないが、ヒラタケ、
シロタモギタケ、シイタケ、エノキタケの種菌が多く使
われる。The types of mushroom fungi are not particularly limited, but include oyster mushrooms,
Inoculum from Shirotamogitake, Shiitake, and Enokitake are often used.

なお発明者はヤマブシタケもブロック状に栽培できるこ
とを確認した。The inventor also confirmed that Yamabushitake can also be cultivated in block form.

ヤマフ゛シタケはヒダナシタケ目ハリタケ科ヤマブシタ
ケ属の美味な食用きのこで、秋、カシやブナなどの枯木
に逆さに生育し、基部は白色塊状で先端部側は無数の長
い針状となる態度わりなきのこである。Yamafushitake is a delicious edible mushroom of the genus Yamabushitake in the order Hidanashitake, family Aridaceae, and grows upside down on dead trees such as oaks and beech in autumn.It is a strange mushroom with a white lumpy base and countless long needles at the tip. be.

次に上記画壇食品の栽培方法の一例について説明する。Next, an example of a method for cultivating the above-mentioned art food will be explained.

本発明の画壇食品の栽培方法は、人工栽培のうちのびん
栽培に属する。用いる栽培びんは、広口のガラスびん、
プラスチングびん（好ましくはロ径６５ｍ＋ｎ〜７５鵬
のもの）等を使用する。The method for cultivating art food according to the present invention belongs to bottle cultivation among artificial cultivation. The cultivation bottle used is a wide mouth glass bottle.
A plastic bottle (preferably one with a diameter of 65 m+n to 75 mm) is used.

培地としては、容量比でオガ屑１０：米ヌカ１〜２を配
合し、さらにバカス、醤油粕、ビタミン、ミネラル等の
栄養成分を添加し、適量の水（水分含量が約６３％とな
るようにする）を加えて攪拌、混合して調整する。本実
施例で特徴とするのは、米ヌカを含めた栄養分の総量が
従来の通常の形態のシイタケ、シメン、ヒラタケ、エノ
キタケ等の人工びん栽培の場合と比して約２０％増とす
る点にある。すなわち栄養分を多くする。なお米ヌカの
代わりに、玄米、麦、トウモロコシ、粟、ヒエ等のｎＭ
を用いることもできる。As a culture medium, mix 10 parts of sawdust and 1 to 2 parts of rice bran by volume, add nutritional ingredients such as bakasu, soy sauce lees, vitamins, minerals, etc., and add an appropriate amount of water (so that the water content is approximately 63%). ) and stir to mix and adjust. The feature of this example is that the total amount of nutrients including rice bran is increased by approximately 20% compared to conventional artificial bottle cultivation of shiitake, cymen, oyster, enoki, etc. It is in. In other words, increase the amount of nutrients. In addition, instead of rice bran, nM of brown rice, wheat, corn, millet, millet, etc.
You can also use

上記のように培地を調整したのち、この培地１６を第３
図に示すように栽培びん１８に充填し、培地中央に植菌
用および空気流通用の孔２ｏを適当な棒状器具（図示せ
ず）を用いて穿設する。栽培びん１８への培地１６の充
填量は、例えば、口径６７ｍｍ、容量１０００ｃｃの栽
培びん１８に対して約６７０ｇ充填する。After adjusting the medium as described above, this medium 16 was
As shown in the figure, a cultivation bottle 18 is filled with the culture medium, and a hole 2o for inoculation and air circulation is made in the center of the culture medium using a suitable rod-shaped tool (not shown). The amount of culture medium 16 to be filled into the cultivation bottle 18 is, for example, about 670 g for a cultivation bottle 18 having a diameter of 67 mm and a capacity of 1000 cc.

なお、培地１６は栽培びん工８の首部２２下部まで充填
し、培地の上部は下部よりも固詰めとなるようにする。The culture medium 16 is filled up to the bottom of the neck 22 of the cultivation bottler 8, so that the upper part of the culture medium is packed more tightly than the lower part.

次に栽培びん１８の口縁にキャップ（図示せず）を被せ
、適宜な殺菌釜（図示せず）に収容して蒸気殺菌を行う
。Next, the rim of the cultivation bottle 18 is covered with a cap (not shown), and the culture bottle 18 is placed in a suitable sterilization pot (not shown) and steam sterilized.

殺菌終了後栽培びん１８を殺菌釜より取り出し、冷却し
た後、キャップを取り、首部２２内に種菌２４を充填し
て植菌し、再びキャップを被せて、培養室（図示せず）
内に収容して菌糸の培養を行つ。After sterilization, the cultivation bottle 18 is taken out from the sterilization pot, cooled, and then the cap is removed, and the neck 22 is filled with seed bacteria 24 and inoculated, and the cap is placed again and placed in a culture chamber (not shown).
culture of mycelia.

種菌２４はあらかじめ別途培地に培養した優良のものを
用い、菌糸が繁殖した培地を粒状に砕いたものを用いる
。通常のキノコの人工栽培では種菌の接種量は約１０ｇ
程度と少ないが、本実施例では約３０ｇ程度の多量の種
菌２４を培地上に接種する。これにより栽培びん１８の
首部２２内は種菌２４でほぼ満杯となる（第４図）。種
菌２４は上方から突棒（図示せず）等で押圧してその密
度を高める。The seed fungus 24 is a high-quality one that has been cultured in a separate medium in advance, and the medium in which mycelium has been propagated is crushed into granules. In normal artificial cultivation of mushrooms, the amount of inoculum inoculated is approximately 10g.
In this example, a large amount of about 30 g of inoculum 24 is inoculated onto the medium, although the amount is small. As a result, the inside of the neck 22 of the cultivation bottle 18 becomes almost full with the seed bacteria 24 (FIG. 4). The seed bacteria 24 is pressed from above with a protrusion (not shown) or the like to increase its density.

培養室内の温湿度は、菌の種類によっても異なるが、例
えばヒラタケの場合には温度２０°Ｃ前後、湿度７５％
〜８０％程度に調節する。The temperature and humidity in the culture room varies depending on the type of fungus, but for example, for oyster mushrooms, the temperature is around 20°C and the humidity is 75%.
Adjust to about 80%.

ヒラタケの場合、通常だと培養期間が約２５日程度を要
し、菌糸が培地的全体に真白に旺盛に繁殖して、この状
態となって初めて発茸可能となる。In the case of oyster mushrooms, the cultivation period usually takes about 25 days, and the mushrooms can only grow once the mycelium has grown in a bright white color throughout the medium.

しかし、上記のように、栄養分を通常栽培の２０％以上
増加させたことにより、本発明では第５図に示すように
、菌糸が栽培びん内の培地上部の約１／３程度にまで蔓
延した段階で種菌の上面に菌糸膜が張り、原基の発生が
可能となる。ここまでの培養期間はヒラタケの場合に約
２０日であり、従来より５日間程度短縮される。However, as mentioned above, by increasing the nutrients by more than 20% compared to normal cultivation, in the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, mycelium spread to about 1/3 of the upper part of the medium in the cultivation bottle. At this stage, a hyphal membrane is formed on the upper surface of the inoculum, allowing the development of primordia. The cultivation period up to this point is about 20 days for oyster mushrooms, which is about 5 days shorter than conventional methods.

この段階で栽培びん１８を生育室（図示せず）に移す。At this stage, the cultivation bottle 18 is transferred to a growth chamber (not shown).

この通常のきのこ栽培では培養終了時に古い種菌を除去
するいわゆる菌掻きを行って、培地表面に発茸させるが
、本発明では菌掻きを全く行わない。すなわち種菌上面
からそのまま原基を発生させるのである。In this normal mushroom cultivation, so-called fungal scraping is performed to remove old seed fungi at the end of cultivation to allow mushrooms to sprout on the surface of the culture medium, but in the present invention, no fungal scraping is performed at all. In other words, the primordium is directly generated from the top surface of the inoculum.

このように菌播きを全く行わないことによって、菌糸が
切断されないので菌糸の活力が高く、通常培養終了後原
基発生まで５日間程を要したのが本発明では２日程で原
基が発生し、ここでも３日程短縮できた。By not inoculating the fungus at all, the hyphae are not cut, so the hyphae have high vitality, and while it usually takes about 5 days for the primordium to form after completion of culture, in the present invention, the primordium is generated in 2 days. , we were able to shorten the time by 3 days here as well.

なお種菌上面に生成した菌糸膜は除去して平らな面に調
整するのが好ましい。種菌上面あるいは菌糸膜を除去し
た種菌上面を以下種菌床面とよふ。Note that it is preferable to remove the mycelium film formed on the top surface of the seed culture to prepare a flat surface. The upper surface of the starter or the upper surface of the starter with the hyphal membrane removed is hereinafter referred to as the seed bed surface.

生育室は暗室に保たれ、また換気装置、温湿度調整装置
を備えている。The growth room is kept dark and equipped with ventilation and temperature/humidity control equipment.

生育室での初期の段階では生育室の換気を充分に行う。During the initial stage in the growth room, the growth room should be sufficiently ventilated.

すなわち新鮮空気を豊富にして菌糸の一層の増殖を図る
。すると種菌床面の菌糸が盛り上がり、菌糸組織からな
る原基２８が発生する。In other words, by providing plenty of fresh air, the mycelium can further grow. Then, the hyphae on the seed bed surface swell, and a primordium 28 consisting of hyphal tissue is generated.

原基２８発生後、びん口に上部が拡径した成形用筒体２
６を取り付ける（第７図）。この成形用筒体２６は第６
図に示すように、比較的柔軟でかつ弾性を有するプラス
チック板により形成されていて、一端側が重なっており
、その弾性力に抗して押し開くことによって重ね合わせ
部分が開くようになっている。このように栽培びん１８
のびん口に成形用筒体２６を取り付けた後、酸素欠乏状
態、炭酸ガス過多の状態に生育室内環境を変更して菌糸
の生育を抑制する。After generation of the primordium 28, the molding cylinder 2 whose upper part is expanded in diameter at the bottle mouth
6 (Figure 7). This molding cylinder 26 is the sixth
As shown in the figure, they are made of relatively flexible and elastic plastic plates, one end of which overlaps, and the overlapping portion opens by pushing open against the elastic force. Cultivation bottle 18 like this
After attaching the molding cylinder 26 to the bottle mouth, the growth indoor environment is changed to an oxygen-deficient state and a carbon dioxide-rich state to suppress the growth of mycelia.

このため具体的には発明者らは、第８図に示すように生
育室内において栽培びん１８を倒立させるようにした。For this reason, specifically, the inventors made the cultivation bottle 18 upside down in the growth chamber as shown in FIG.

栽培びん１８は網がご状のコンテナ３０に例えば１６本
づつ収納されて生育室に収容されているのであるが、こ
のコンテナ３ｏ内で栽培びん１８を倒立させる。コンテ
ナ３ｏの内底面上には小孔３２が多数設けられたプラス
チックフィルム３４が敷かれており、栽培びん１８はこ
のプラスチックフィルム３４上に倒立される。すなわち
成形用筒体２６の開口縁がプラスチックフィルム３４上
に当接するように倒立されるのである。この場合に栽培
びんＩ８が倒れてしまわないように、例えば穴あきＩＩ
Ｊｉ（図示せず）により、コンテナ３０内に複数本倒立
された栽培びん１８の胴部中途部を支持するようにする
とよい。コンテナ３０、プラスチックフィルム３４等に
より支持体を構成する。For example, 16 cultivation bottles 18 are housed in a net-shaped container 30 in the growth chamber, and the cultivation bottles 18 are turned upside down in this container 3o. A plastic film 34 having a large number of small holes 32 is laid on the inner bottom surface of the container 3o, and the cultivation bottle 18 is placed upside down on this plastic film 34. That is, the molding cylinder 26 is turned upside down so that the opening edge comes into contact with the plastic film 34. In this case, to prevent the cultivation bottle I8 from falling over, for example, use a perforated bottle II.
It is preferable to support the middle part of the body of a plurality of cultivation bottles 18 that are inverted in the container 30 by Ji (not shown). The container 30, the plastic film 34, etc. constitute a support.

上記のように栽培びん１８を倒立支持することにより、
成形用筒体２６はプラスチックフィルム３４により閉塞
され、僅かにプラスチックフィルム３４の前記小孔３２
およびコンテナ３０の孔により生育室内空気が通ずるこ
とになり、成形用筒体２６内への空気流通がきわめて少
な（なる。この成形用筒体２６内には菌糸の呼吸作用に
よる炭酸ガスが排出されるから酸素欠乏で炭酸ガス過多
の状態となり、菌糸から発する炭酸ガス、小孔３２から
流通される室内空気とが次第に平衡し、上記の酸素欠乏
、炭酸ガス過多の状態が維持されるのである。By supporting the cultivation bottle 18 upside down as described above,
The molding cylinder 26 is closed with a plastic film 34, and the small hole 32 of the plastic film 34 is slightly closed.
The air in the growing room passes through the holes in the container 30, and the air circulation into the molding cylinder 26 is extremely small. This results in a state of oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess, and the carbon dioxide gas emitted from the hyphae and the indoor air flowing through the small holes 32 gradually balance out, and the above-mentioned oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess state is maintained.

この場合に都合のよいことは、成形用筒体２６内のみが
酸素欠乏、炭酸ガス過多の状態に自然的に維持され、生
育室内空気は通常の換気状態のままでよく、特別な制御
が必要なくなることである。What is convenient in this case is that only the inside of the molding cylinder 26 is naturally maintained in a state of oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess, and the air in the growing room can remain in a normal ventilation state, and special control is not required. It is to disappear.

また、原基は酸素が豊富な成形用筒体２６の入口側方向
に向かって伸びようとする。この場合に生育室内が暗室
に保たれていること、また成形用筒体２６内がやはり酸
素欠乏、炭酸ガス過多の状態に維持されていることから
、正常な子実体形成活動ができず、原基が伸長し、また
、隣接する原基が次第に太くなって接近し、やがては癒
合して結着し、成形用筒体２６内いっばいに広がって伸
長する。Further, the primordia tend to extend toward the entrance side of the forming cylinder 26, which is rich in oxygen. In this case, because the growth chamber is kept in the dark and the inside of the molding cylinder 26 is also maintained in a state of oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide gas excess, normal fruiting body formation activity is not possible and The primordia elongate, and adjacent primordia gradually become thicker and approach each other, eventually coalesce and bond, and spread and elongate within the molding cylinder 26.

なお生育条件がやはり酸素欠乏、炭酸ガス過多の状態に
維持されるため、生育速度が遅いと言えるが、本実施例
では前述のように培地内の栄養分が通常よりも２０％以
上も多く調整され、しかも原基発生当初菌糸が培地の上
部１／３程度にまでした繁殖していなかったものが生育
期間中に培地下部にまで蔓延し、豊富で新鮮な栄養分が
どんどん補給されるため、生育速度は速い。このため従
前の菌塊状のキノコの生育期間は、ヒラタケの場合にあ
っては、原基が発生した後約１５日間程であったが、本
実施例では約１０日間で収穫可能となり、ここでも約５
日間程の栽培期間の短縮化が図れた。しかもまた、培地
内の栄養分が豊冨なため、生育する菌糸が太く、したが
って密度の高い、比較的に硬い菌塊に生長する。It should be noted that the growth rate can be said to be slow because the growth conditions are maintained in a state of oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess, but in this example, as mentioned above, the nutrients in the medium were adjusted to be more than 20% higher than usual. Moreover, when the primordium first appears, the mycelia occupy about the top 1/3 of the medium, but during the growth period they spread to the bottom of the medium, and as rich and fresh nutrients are continuously supplied, the growth rate increases. is fast. For this reason, in the case of Oyster mushrooms, the conventional growth period for mushrooms in the form of fungi was about 15 days after the primordium was generated, but in this example, they can be harvested in about 10 days. Approximately 5
The cultivation period was shortened by about a day. Moreover, since the medium is rich in nutrients, the growing mycelium is thick, and therefore grows into a dense and relatively hard bacterial mass.

こうして菌塊状となって生育して菌塊食品を得ることが
できる。この菌塊食品の外形は成形用筒体２６の内形に
よって決定される。In this way, the bacteria grow in the form of a bacterial mass, and a bacterial mass food can be obtained. The outer shape of this bacterial mass food is determined by the inner shape of the molding cylinder 26.

なお、生育室の温度条件は７日目位までは１５°Ｃ前後
に調整し、以後収穫までは１０°Ｃ前後にまで低下させ
る。また湿度条件は、５日目位までは９５％前後　の高
湿度に保ち、６日〜８日までは９０％前後乙こ下げ、さ
らにこれ以後収穫までは７０％前後にまで低下させる。The temperature condition of the growth chamber is adjusted to around 15°C until about the 7th day, and then lowered to around 10°C until harvest. Humidity conditions are kept at a high level of around 95% until the 5th day, then lowered to around 90% from the 6th to the 8th, and then further reduced to around 70% until harvest.

上記のように生育室内の温湿度条件を、生育の初期の段
階では高温、高温に保ち、以後順次低下させていくのは
、生育の初期中期段階では原基の伸長を促して生育期間
の短縮を図り、後期にはむしろ原基の伸長を抑制して、
菌塊食品１０の密度、硬度をさらに増大させて腐敗を防
止し、日持ちを良くするためである。As mentioned above, the temperature and humidity conditions in the growth room are kept at high and high temperatures in the early stages of growth, and then gradually lowered.In the early and middle stages of growth, the growth period is shortened by promoting the elongation of the primordium. In the later stages, the elongation of the primordium is suppressed,
This is to further increase the density and hardness of the bacterial mass food 10 to prevent spoilage and extend its shelf life.

上記のようにして菌塊食品１０が成形用筒体２６いっば
いに広がって菌塊化した段階で成形用筒体２６を栽培び
ん１８のびん口から取り外し、びん口に沿ってナイフに
より切り離すことによって所定の菌塊食品１０を得るこ
とができる。When the bacterial mass food 10 has spread all over the molding cylinder 26 and formed a bacterial mass as described above, the molding cylinder 26 is removed from the bottle mouth of the cultivation bottle 18 and cut off along the bottle mouth with a knife. A predetermined bacterial mass food 10 can be obtained by this method.

以下にはとラタケ菌による菌塊食品の具体的な栽培例を
示す。The following is a specific example of cultivating bacterial mass food using Latake mushrooms.

（栽培例） 培地は、 オガ屑　　　　　　　　　ｇｇｇ 米ヌカ　　　　　　　　１００　ｇ ウィスキー絞り粕　　　　２５ｇ に水を加えて混合し、水分含量が約６３％前後となるよ
うに８周整した。(Cultivation Example) The culture medium was prepared by adding water to ggg sawdust, 100 g of rice bran, and 25 g of whiskey lees, and preparing the medium 8 times so that the moisture content was approximately 63%.

この培地を、口径６７ｍｍ、容器１０００　ｃｃの広口
びん形状のプラスチック製栽培びんに約６７０ｇ充填し
、培地内に第３図に示すように植菌用および空気流通用
の孔を穿設した。Approximately 670 g of this medium was filled into a wide-mouthed plastic cultivation bottle with a diameter of 67 mm and a container size of 1000 cc, and holes for inoculation and air circulation were made in the medium as shown in FIG.

次に栽培びんにキャンプをし、殺菌釜に入れて蒸気殺菌
を行った。Next, I camped it in a cultivation bottle, put it in a sterilization pot, and steam-sterilized it.

冷却後、キャップを取り、栽培びんの首部内にヒラタケ
菌の種菌を約３０ｇ入れて、上方から軽くプレスして植
菌を行った。種菌はヒラタケ菌をあらしめ別途培養した
ものを培地と共に砕いて粒状にしたものであり、粒径は
２．５１１ｆｆｆ１前後のものが一番多く含まれ、４．
５胴以上のものは取り除いたものを用いた。After cooling, the cap was removed, and approximately 30 g of Oyster mushroom inoculum was placed in the neck of the cultivation bottle, and inoculation was performed by pressing lightly from above. The inoculum is made by separately culturing the Oyster mushroom fungus and crushing it together with the culture medium into particles.
Those with 5 or more shells were removed and used.

植菌後、栽培びんを培養室に移し温度１９°Ｃ〜２１°
Ｃ１湿度７５％〜８０％の条件で培養を行ったところ、
約２０日で培地上部１／３程に菌糸が白く繁殖し、原基
発生可能となった。After inoculation, move the cultivation bottle to the culture room and maintain the temperature at 19°C to 21°C.
When cultured under conditions of C1 humidity of 75% to 80%,
In about 20 days, mycelia grew white in the upper 1/3 of the medium, making it possible for primordia to develop.

次いで、この栽培びんを生育室に移し、体育室内温度を
１５°Ｃ前後、湿度１００％近くに保ち、また室内に換
気を充分に行って酸素量の豊冨な条件に保ったところ、
菌糸がさらに増殖して種菌床面を覆い、２日程で原基が
発生した。Next, this cultivation bottle was moved to a growth room, and the temperature in the sports room was maintained at around 15°C and the humidity was close to 100%, and the room was sufficiently ventilated to maintain a rich oxygen content.
The hyphae further proliferated and covered the seed bed surface, and primordia emerged in 2 days.

次いで直ちに第６図に示す成形用筒体を栽培びんのびん
口に取り付け、小孔が多数設けられたプラスチックフィ
ルムが内底面上に敷かれた網かご状のコンテナ内に栽培
びんを倒立させて収納した。Immediately, the molding cylinder shown in Figure 6 was attached to the opening of the cultivation bottle, and the cultivation bottle was placed upside down in a mesh basket-like container whose inner bottom was covered with a plastic film with many small holes. I put it away.

生育室内の湿度を９５％前後に低下させた。The humidity in the growth chamber was lowered to around 95%.

成形用筒体はコンテナの孔とプラスチックフィルムの小
孔を通してのみ生育室内と連通ずるので、酸素欠乏、炭
酸ガス過多の状態となり、子実体の発生が抑制され、原
基が菌糸状態のまま伸長肥大して癒合結着し、原基発生
後約１週間で成形用筒体内にいっばいに広がり、１０日
目位で収穫可能となった。The molding cylinder communicates with the growth chamber only through the holes in the container and the small holes in the plastic film, resulting in a lack of oxygen and an excess of carbon dioxide, which suppresses the development of fruiting bodies and allows the primordia to elongate and enlarge while remaining in the mycelial state. The primordium formed a fusion bond, and spread all at once within the molding cylinder in about one week after the primordium was generated, and was ready to be harvested on the 10th day.

収穫時には成形用筒体をびん口から取り外し、びん口縁
に沿ってナイフで切断して収穫した。収穫量は１びん当
たり平均７５ｇであった。At the time of harvesting, the molding cylinder was removed from the bottle mouth, and harvested by cutting along the rim of the bottle with a knife. Yield averaged 75g per bottle.

なお生育室の温湿度は徐々に下げ、収穫期には温度を１
０°Ｃ前後、湿度を７０％前後に調整した。The temperature and humidity in the growth room will be gradually lowered, and the temperature will be lowered to 1 during the harvesting period.
The temperature was adjusted to around 0°C and the humidity to around 70%.

またヒラタケの他にシロタモギタケ、エノキタケ、ヤマ
ブシタケの場合にもほぼ同様な菌塊食品を得ることがで
きた。In addition to oyster mushrooms, almost similar bacterial mass foods could also be obtained from white tamogitake mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, and yamabushitake mushrooms.

（発明の効果） 以上のように本発明によれば、菌掻きをせず、種菌の上
面から原基を発生させるので、菌糸の活力が弱まらず、
培養終了から原基発生までの期間が短縮され、全体の栽
培期間が短縮される。(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the primordium is generated from the upper surface of the inoculum without scraping, so the vitality of the hyphae is not weakened.
The period from the end of culture to the generation of primordium is shortened, and the entire cultivation period is shortened.

また通常のエノキタケ等の人工びん栽培に用いる培地の
１．２倍以上の栄養分を含む培地を用いることによって
、菌糸が培地の上面の１７３程にまで蔓延した時点で原
基の発生が可能となって培養期間が短縮される。さらに
原基発生後菌糸塊に生育する段階においても、豊富な栄
養源がどんどん補給される結果栽培期間が大幅に短縮さ
れる。In addition, by using a medium containing 1.2 times more nutrients than the medium used for the cultivation of ordinary enokitake mushrooms in artificial bottles, primordia can be generated once the mycelium has spread to about 173 cm above the top of the medium. The culture period is shortened. Furthermore, even at the stage of growth into a mycelial mass after primordium development, abundant nutrient sources are continuously supplied, resulting in a significant shortening of the cultivation period.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明に係る菌塊食品の外形を模式的に示した
斜視図、 第２図は第１図に示した菌塊食品の継破断図、第３図は
栽培びん内に培地を充填しかつ、植菌用および空気流通
用の孔を穿設した状態を示す断面図、 第４図は培地に種菌を植菌した状態を示す断面図、 第５図は菌糸が培地上面のほぼ１！３程度にまで繁殖し
た状態を示す断面図、 第６図は成形用筒体の斜視図、 第７図は種菌床面上に原基が発生した状態を示す部分断
面図、 第８図はコンテナ内に栽培びんを倒立させた状態を示す
断面図である。 １０・・・菌塊食品、　　１２・・・切口面、１４・・
・上面、　　１６・・・培地、　　１８・・・栽培びん
、　２０・・・空気流通用の孔、２２・・・首部、　２
４・・・種菌、　２６・・・成形用筒体、　２８・・・
原基、　３０．、。 コンテナ、　　３２・・・小孔、　　３４・・・プラス
チックフィルム。 第　　　１ 図Figure 1 is a perspective view schematically showing the external shape of the bacterial mass food according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a cutaway view of the bacterial mass food shown in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a culture medium placed in a cultivation bottle. A cross-sectional view showing the state where the culture medium is filled with holes for inoculation and air circulation. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the state where the culture medium is inoculated with seed bacteria. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the condition where the hyphae are almost on the top surface of the medium. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the molding cylinder; Fig. 7 is a partial sectional view showing the state in which primordia have been generated on the seed bed; Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the cultivation bottle is inverted in the container. 10...Bacteria mass food, 12...Cut surface, 14...
・Top surface, 16... Culture medium, 18... Cultivation bottle, 20... Air circulation hole, 22... Neck, 2
4... Inoculum, 26... Cylindrical body for molding, 28...
Primordium, 30. ,. Container, 32...Small hole, 34...Plastic film. Figure 1

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １、次の工程を含むことを特徴とする菌塊食品の栽培方
法、 （ａ）栽培びん内に培地を充填する工程、 （ｂ）培地を殺菌する工程、 （ｃ）培地上にキノコの種菌を植菌して菌糸の培養を行
う工程、 （ｄ）菌掻きを行わず、生育室で菌糸の増殖を図り、種
菌上面の種菌床面に菌糸組織である突状の多数の原基を
発生させる工程、 （ｅ）原基発生後、生育室内を酸素欠乏、炭酸ガス過多
の条件下に形成して、子実体の発生を抑制して原基を肥
大化させ、原基を癒合結着させる工程。 ２、原基発生後、原基を癒合結着させる工程を、生育室
内で栽培びんを支持体上に倒立させ、支持体を透過させ
てびん口内への空気流通を図り、以ってびん口内を酸素
欠乏炭酸ガス過多の条件下において行うことを特徴とす
る請求項１記載の菌塊食品の栽培方法。 ３、原基を肥大化させる際、びん口に上部が拡径した成
形用筒体を取り付けてのち支持体上に倒立支持し、菌塊
を成形用筒体の内形に倣って生育させることを特徴とす
る請求項１または２記載の菌塊食品の栽培方法。 ４、通常のエノキ茸等のキノコの人工びん栽培に用いる
培地の１．２倍以上の栄養分を含む培地を用いることを
特徴とする請求項１、２または３項記載の菌塊食品の栽
培方法。 ５、培地がオガ屑と米ヌカを主成分としこれに必要な栄
養素を添加したものである請求項４記載の菌塊食品の栽
培方法。 ６、米ヌカの代わりに、玄米、麦、トウモロコシ、粟、
ヒエ等の穀類を用いることを特徴とする請求項５記載の
菌塊食品の栽培方法。 ７、菌糸が培地内上部の１／３程度にまで蔓延した段階
で種菌上面に原基を発生させることを特徴とする請求項
４、５または６記載の菌塊食品の栽培方法。[Claims] 1. A method for cultivating a bacterial mass food characterized by including the following steps: (a) filling a cultivation bottle with a medium; (b) sterilizing the medium; (c) A step of inoculating a mushroom inoculum onto a medium and cultivating hyphae; (d) Propagating the hyphae in the growth chamber without scraping the fungi, and forming protruding hyphae, which is a hyphal tissue, on the seedbed surface above the inoculum; Step of generating a large number of primordia, (e) After primordium generation, the growth chamber is formed under oxygen-deficient and carbon dioxide-rich conditions to suppress the development of fruiting bodies and enlarge the primordium. The process of bonding the bases together. 2. After the primordium is generated, the step of binding the primordium is carried out by inverting the cultivation bottle on a support in the growth chamber, allowing air to pass through the support and into the mouth of the bottle. 2. The method for cultivating a bacterial mass food according to claim 1, wherein the step is carried out under conditions of oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess. 3. When enlarging the primordium, attach a molding cylinder with an enlarged diameter at the top to the bottle mouth, then support it upside down on a support and grow the bacterial mass following the inner shape of the molding cylinder. The method for cultivating a bacterial mass food according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by: 4. The method for cultivating a bacterial mass food according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a medium containing 1.2 times or more of nutrients as a medium used for the cultivation of ordinary mushrooms such as enoki mushrooms in artificial bottles is used. . 5. The method for cultivating a bacterial mass food according to claim 4, wherein the medium contains sawdust and rice bran as main components, to which necessary nutrients are added. 6. Instead of rice bran, use brown rice, wheat, corn, millet,
6. The method for cultivating a bacterial mass food according to claim 5, characterized in that grains such as millet are used. 7. The method for cultivating a fungus mass food according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that primordia are generated on the upper surface of the inoculum at the stage when the mycelium has spread to about 1/3 of the upper part of the culture medium.