JPH02156828A - Artificial cultivation of shiitake mushroom - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation of shiitake mushroomInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02156828A JPH02156828A JP63313592A JP31359288A JPH02156828A JP H02156828 A JPH02156828 A JP H02156828A JP 63313592 A JP63313592 A JP 63313592A JP 31359288 A JP31359288 A JP 31359288A JP H02156828 A JPH02156828 A JP H02156828A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- mushrooms
- mushroom
- sawdust
- coffee grounds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 title claims description 20
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000016213 coffee Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 78
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000168667 Pholiota nameko Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000014528 Pholiota nameko Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical class O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011177 media preparation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218645 Cedrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000046038 Ehretia acuminata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009300 Ehretia acuminata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006499 Flammulina velutipes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016640 Flammulina velutipes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000533293 Sesbania emerus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000190021 Zelkova Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、シイタケの人工栽培方法に係り、特に大型の
品質のよいキノコを効率よく発生させるのに好適なシイ
タケの人工栽培方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms, and particularly to a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms that is suitable for efficiently producing large, high-quality mushrooms.
シイタケの人工栽培は、従来、専ら所謂ホダ木を用いる
方法によって行われてきたが、原木資源の入手難と労働
生産性の悪化という状況を反映して、ナメコ、ヒラタケ
、エノキタケなどと同様に米糠−オガ屑混合物に代表さ
れる合成培地を用いる人工栽培（以下、オガ屑栽培とい
う）への期待が高まっている。Artificial cultivation of shiitake has traditionally been carried out exclusively using so-called hoda wood, but due to the difficulty in obtaining raw wood resources and deterioration of labor productivity, rice bran cultivation has been carried out in the same way as nameko, oyster mushroom, and enoki mushroom. - Expectations are increasing for artificial cultivation using synthetic media such as sawdust mixtures (hereinafter referred to as sawdust cultivation).
シイタケのオガ屑栽培方法は、従来のナメコ、ヒラタケ
、エノキタケなどと同様に米糠、オガ屑などからなる培
地を瓶あるいは袋などに充填し、培地中に菌糸を蔓延さ
せた後に、温度、湿度、ＣＯｔ濃度、照度などの環境条
件を変化させることによってキノコを発生させることを
基本として試みられている。Shiitake mushrooms are cultivated using sawdust, as is the case with conventional nameko, oyster mushroom, and enokitake mushrooms, in which a medium made of rice bran, sawdust, etc. is filled in a bottle or bag, and after mycelia are spread in the medium, temperature, humidity, etc. Attempts have basically been made to generate mushrooms by changing environmental conditions such as COt concentration and illuminance.
しかし、ナメコなどでは消費者に対する商品イメージが
瓶や袋栽培品によって決定されているのに対し、シイタ
ケの商品イメージはあくまでもホダ木栽培である。換言
すれば、オガ屑法栽培品はホダ木栽培品と同様の品質が
保証されない限り、商品とはなり得ない。従って、オガ
屑法シイタケ栽培法では、特に単位培地重量当たりのキ
ノコ収量の増大とともにホダ木栽培品同様に主２３１本
当たりの重量を増大させることがキーポイントである。However, while the product image of Nameco and other products to consumers is determined by the products grown in bottles and bags, the product image of Shiitake mushrooms is strictly that of mushrooms grown on Hoda trees. In other words, products grown using the sawdust method cannot be commercialized unless they are guaranteed to have the same quality as products grown using sawdust. Therefore, in the sawdust method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, the key point is to increase the mushroom yield per unit weight of the medium, as well as increase the weight per mushroom, as in the case of Hoda wood-grown products.
この目的を達成するためには、培養期間中に培地中の菌
糸体濃度を高めるものの、キノコの発生本数を低下させ
る方策を講じることが必要となる。To achieve this objective, it is necessary to take measures to increase the mycelium concentration in the medium during the cultivation period, but to reduce the number of mushrooms that develop.
この具体的方策としては、使用する種菌の菌下部を適切
なものにするとともに培地組成の最適化を図ることが重
要である。ところが、菌糸が伸長し易く、菌糸体濃度が
高くなるような条件では概してキノコの発生も容易とな
るが、実際の栽培においてはキノコの発生本数を故意に
低下させる方法は行われていない。As a specific measure for this, it is important to ensure that the culture medium of the inoculum used is appropriate and to optimize the culture medium composition. However, under conditions where hyphae are easy to elongate and the mycelium concentration is high, mushrooms generally occur easily, but in actual cultivation, no method is used to intentionally reduce the number of mushrooms that develop.
上記のようにオガ屑法シイタケ栽培は、ナメコ、ヒラタ
ケ、エノキタケなどの人工栽培法を参考にして実施され
ている。しかし、これらのキノコは数千本の小型のキノ
コを包装単位として販売するためにキノコの発生本数を
多くして収量を上げて高品質化を図っている。従って、
従来のオガ屑シイタケ栽培では、収量を上げることは可
能であるが、主２３１本当たりの重量を増大させること
によって、大型の高品質のキノコを得ることは困難であ
った。As mentioned above, shiitake mushroom cultivation using the sawdust method is carried out with reference to artificial cultivation methods for nameko mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, and the like. However, in order to sell these mushrooms in packages of several thousand small mushrooms, the number of mushrooms produced is increased to increase yield and quality. Therefore,
Although it is possible to increase the yield with conventional sawdust shiitake cultivation, it has been difficult to obtain large, high-quality mushrooms by increasing the weight per mushroom.
本発明の目的は、上記した従来技術の課題を解決し、高
収量を維持するとともに主２３１本当たりの重量を増大
させて大型の高品質のキノコを得ることができるシイタ
ケの人工栽培方法を提供することにある。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms that solves the problems of the prior art as described above, maintains a high yield, and increases the weight per mushroom to obtain large, high-quality mushrooms. It's about doing.
上記した目的は、乾燥重量比で広葉樹オガ屑５０〜７０
重量部、穀類粉末からなる栄養源１０〜５０重量部、コ
ーヒー飲料等の製造時に副生ずるコーヒー粕５〜４０重
量部を含む培地を用いた培養工程を有することによって
達成される。The above purpose is to use hardwood sawdust with a dry weight ratio of 50 to 70%.
This is achieved by including a culture step using a medium containing 10 to 50 parts by weight of a nutritional source consisting of grain powder, and 5 to 40 parts by weight of coffee grounds, which are by-products during the production of coffee drinks and the like.
シイタケをオガ屑培地で栽培する場合、培地内に菌糸が
蔓延した後、更に菌糸の伸長を行わせ培地内の菌糸体が
キノコを生ずるに充分な濃度になった時に初めてキノコ
原基が培地表面に発生する。When cultivating shiitake mushrooms in a sawdust medium, mushroom primordia appear on the surface of the medium only when the mycelia have spread into the medium and the mycelium in the medium reaches a sufficient concentration to produce mushrooms. occurs in
この時、培地表層部に伸長して枯死した菌糸がその部分
の培地とともに褐色の被膜を形成している。At this time, the mycelium that has grown to the surface layer of the medium and died forms a brown film together with the medium in that area.
以下、このような培地表面の褐色化を「褐変」という。Hereinafter, such browning of the medium surface will be referred to as "browning."
この被膜の内側では、キノコ原基に生長するであろう菌
糸塊が多数形成されていると考えられる。この状態で（
１）培地表面の褐変が不充分で被膜が薄いとほとんどの
菌糸塊がキノコ原基に生長し、培地当たりの１回のキノ
コ発生本数が多くなる。（２）褐変が充分に行われてお
り被膜が厚ければ、活性な菌糸塊のみが厚い被膜を突き
破りキノコ原基となる。このような原基は発生本数が少
ないため、１ケ当たりの原基が利用できる栄養分は（１
）の場合よりも多く生長に利用でき、活性も高いので大
型のキノコとなる。また、菌糸の伸長は正常に行われる
がキノコの発芽は抑制されるような物質を含む培地にす
ればキノコの大型化あるいは大型キノコの増収は更に促
進されると考えられる。It is thought that many mycelial masses that will grow into mushroom primordia are formed inside this coat. In this state (
1) If the browning of the medium surface is insufficient and the coating is thin, most of the mycelial masses will grow on mushroom primordia, and the number of mushrooms generated per medium will increase. (2) If browning is sufficient and the coat is thick, only active mycelial masses will break through the thick coat and become mushroom primordia. Since such primordia occur in small numbers, the nutrients available for each primordium are (1
) can be used for growth in larger quantities and is more active, resulting in larger mushrooms. Furthermore, if the medium contains a substance that allows normal hyphal elongation but inhibits mushroom germination, it is thought that increasing the size of mushrooms or increasing the yield of large mushrooms will be further promoted.
本シメジやナメコ栽培でよく用いられる一般的なオガ屑
培地では、シイタケ発生時の培地表面は充分に褐変せず
被膜も薄い場合があり、この時、上記（１）のような発
生がおこる。しかし、本発明の方法により、上記培地材
料とともに発芽抑制剤としてコーヒー粕を添加すると、
その中に含まれる特定成分が培地表面の褐変を促進させ
キノコの発芽を抑制するために、上記（２）のような発
生を示す。In the general sawdust culture medium often used for cultivating Shimeji mushrooms and Nameko mushrooms, the surface of the medium may not turn sufficiently brown and the coating may be thin when Shiitake mushrooms develop, and at this time the growth as described in (1) above occurs. However, when coffee grounds are added as a germination inhibitor together with the above medium material according to the method of the present invention,
The specific component contained therein promotes browning of the surface of the medium and inhibits mushroom germination, resulting in the occurrence as described in (2) above.
ただし、この場合、高品質なキノコを多量に収穫するた
めには培地材料の混合比は限られたものとなる。すなわ
ち、キノコの発芽を抑制する効果を持つコーヒー粕は、
その添加量が少なければキノコ発生に対する抑制効果は
小さく、添加量が多ければキノコ発生本数は少なくなり
収量低下の原因となる。更に、栄養源の添加量によって
もキノコの発芽特性は変化するので、その添加量に合わ
せてコーヒー粕添加量の最適地も変化する。However, in this case, the mixing ratio of culture medium materials is limited in order to harvest a large amount of high-quality mushrooms. In other words, coffee grounds have the effect of inhibiting mushroom germination.
If the amount added is small, the inhibitory effect on mushroom growth will be small, and if the amount added is large, the number of mushrooms generated will decrease, causing a decrease in yield. Furthermore, since mushroom germination characteristics change depending on the amount of nutrients added, the optimum amount of coffee grounds to be added also changes depending on the amount added.
なお、キノコ栽培における培地調製材料としてコーヒー
粕を用いる方法（特開昭５７−５０８２６１号公報）が
提案されている。しかし、この方法ではコーヒー粕の物
理的特性を利用して培地の通気性、保水性、保型性を改
善し、キノコの発生・成育を向上させるものである。即
ち、コーヒー粕の細胞壁は極めて厚く、木材腐朽菌であ
る食用キノコ菌の腐朽力に対し耐性が強いため、これを
培地材料として用いると培地調製時の菌糸の伸長とキノ
コの発生に対して好適な通気性、保水性、保型性が長期
にわたり維持され、その結果、キノコ収量、品質等が改
善されものである。しかし、この場合、培地の好適な通
気性、保水性、保型性を達成するためには、粒度３〜１
６メツシユのコーヒー粕の使用が必要条件となる。Note that a method of using coffee grounds as a medium preparation material for mushroom cultivation (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-508261) has been proposed. However, this method utilizes the physical properties of coffee grounds to improve the aeration, water retention, and shape retention of the culture medium, thereby improving the emergence and growth of mushrooms. In other words, coffee grounds have extremely thick cell walls and are highly resistant to the decaying power of edible mushroom fungi, which are wood-destroying fungi. Therefore, when used as a medium material, it is suitable for the growth of hyphae and mushroom growth during medium preparation. Breathability, water retention, and shape retention are maintained over a long period of time, and as a result, mushroom yield, quality, etc. are improved. However, in this case, in order to achieve suitable air permeability, water retention, and shape retention of the medium, the particle size must be 3 to 1.
The requirement is to use 6 mesh coffee grounds.
また、培地に杉等のシイタケ菌糸に対する成育阻害物質
を含む針葉樹を混合すると、培地内の菌糸体濃度が低下
し、キノコ発生本数が抑制し、キノコ収量が低下する。Furthermore, if a coniferous tree containing a substance that inhibits the growth of shiitake mycelium, such as cedar, is mixed in the medium, the mycelium concentration in the medium will be reduced, the number of mushrooms generated will be suppressed, and the mushroom yield will be reduced.
発明の方法は、コーヒー粕の化学的特性、つまりコーヒ
ー粕に含まれる物質が菌糸の伸長には、発芽に対して抑
制効果を示し、培地表面の褐色被膜の形成を促進させる
ものである。従って、添加されるコーヒー粕は粒度を特
性する必要はなく、シイタケ人工栽培法におけるキノコ
発生本数を抑制して大型のキノコが得られ、収量が増大
する。The method of the invention is based on the chemical properties of coffee grounds, that is, the substances contained in coffee grounds have an inhibitory effect on mycelial elongation and germination, and promote the formation of a brown film on the surface of the medium. Therefore, the added coffee grounds do not need to have particle size characteristics, and the number of mushrooms generated in the artificial cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms can be suppressed, large mushrooms can be obtained, and the yield can be increased.
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.
第１図は本発明のシイタケの人工栽培方法の一実施例を
示す系統図である。培地調製にあたっては所定量のオガ
屑、栄養源にコーヒー粕を加えてよく混合し、水分含有
率６５％前後の培地とする。FIG. 1 is a systematic diagram showing one embodiment of the method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms of the present invention. To prepare a medium, a predetermined amount of sawdust and coffee grounds are added to the nutrient source and mixed well to form a medium with a moisture content of approximately 65%.
コーヒー粕、栄養源、オガ屑の混合比は添加する栄養源
、オガ屑の種類によっても異なるが、乾燥重量基準（重
量部）で５〜４０：１０〜５０：５０〜７０程度にする
のが望ましい。The mixing ratio of coffee grounds, nutrients, and sawdust varies depending on the nutrients added and the type of sawdust, but on a dry weight basis (parts by weight) it should be around 5-40:10-50:50-70. desirable.
コーヒー粕の添加量は、少なければその抑制効果は小さ
（キノコの発生本数は減少せず、一方多過ぎると抑制効
果が大きくキノコ発生本数が極端に少なくなり、収量低
下の原因となる。If the amount of coffee grounds added is small, the suppressing effect will be small (the number of mushrooms will not decrease), while if it is too large, the suppressing effect will be large and the number of mushrooms will extremely decrease, causing a decrease in yield.
栄養源の添加量は、少ないと栄養分が不足するため当然
キノコ収量は低下し、多過ぎれば空気保持容量の大きな
オガ屑の量が少なくなり菌糸体が窒息状態となり、かえ
ってキノコ収量が低下したりするので好ましくない。If the amount of nutrients added is too low, there will be a lack of nutrients, which will naturally reduce the mushroom yield, and if it is too high, the amount of sawdust, which has a large air holding capacity, will decrease and the mycelium will become suffocated, which will actually reduce the mushroom yield. Therefore, it is not desirable.
オガ屑としては、シイタケのホダ木栽培に使用されてい
る樹種を標準とし、それ以外でもブナ、ケヤキ等の広葉
樹オガ屑は使用可能である。また、栄養源としては、米
糠、フスマ、コーンプラン等各種穀類の糠および粉末が
使用可能であり、また、これらに適宜澱粉、酵母エキス
、各種塩類、微量元素等を添加することも可能である。The standard sawdust used is the tree species used for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, but sawdust from other broad-leaved trees such as beech and zelkova can also be used. In addition, as a nutritional source, bran and powder of various grains such as rice bran, bran, and corn plan can be used, and it is also possible to add starch, yeast extract, various salts, trace elements, etc. to these as appropriate. .
コーヒー粕は、その中に含まれる特定成分を菌糸が利用
するので粒度は問わない。さらに特定成分が含まれるも
のであればコーヒー豆の粉砕物、コーヒー液などでもコ
ーヒー粕にかわって使用可能である。The particle size of coffee grounds does not matter because the mycelium utilizes the specific components contained therein. Furthermore, ground coffee beans, coffee liquid, etc. can be used instead of coffee grounds as long as they contain specific components.
調製された培地は所定の瓶または袋に詰め込まれ、それ
ぞれ所定の栓あるいは輪ゴム、ホッチキスなどによる密
封処理を行った後、１２０″Ｃ（飽和水蒸気圧下）で２
時間程度かけて滅菌する。なお瓶あるいは袋に詰め込ん
だ際、培地に先端部の直径が１．０ｃｍ、上部が１．５
ｃｍ程度になるように棒を用いて孔を１ケあるいは数ケ
あけておくと菌糸伸長速度の増大が図られる。The prepared culture medium is packed into a specified bottle or bag, sealed with a specified stopper, rubber band, stapler, etc., and then heated at 120"C (under saturated water vapor pressure) for 2 hours.
Sterilize over time. When packed in a bottle or bag, the medium has a diameter of 1.0 cm at the tip and 1.5 cm at the top.
If one or several holes are made with a rod to a diameter of about 1.2 cm, the rate of hyphal elongation can be increased.
以下、袋栽培の場合について本発明の方法を詳しく説明
する。Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be explained in detail in the case of bag cultivation.
滅菌処理を施した栽培袋などは、内容物が充分に（２５
°Ｃ以下）冷却されるのを待って、砕いた種菌的５〜２
０ｇを培地中央部の孔と培地上面にほぼ均一になるよう
に添加する。あるいは、ホダ木栽培に用いられる種駒を
培地中央部の孔とその周りに数ヶ埋め込んでもよい。接
種が完了した栽培袋は再び速やかに口を栓などで密封し
、温度約２２°Ｃ，湿度６０〜７０％の培養室に搬入し
て培地中に菌糸を伸長させる。培地全体への菌糸の伸長
には通常３０日前後を要する。培地中に菌糸が蔓延した
後、適宜光を照射しながら温度約２２°Ｃに保ち培養開
始１．５〜２ケ月後に培地表面が***、コブ化して褐変
が始まり、培養開始約３ケ月後にはキノコの発生が可能
となる。この時、培地表面の褐変が不充分で被膜が薄い
とキノコの発生本数が多くなり、１本当たりのキノコ重
量が低下する結果となる。これに対し、本発明の方法に
よるコーヒー粕を添加して培地では、キノコ発生時の培
地表面は充分に褐変し被膜も厚くなっており、更に、コ
ーヒー粕に含まれる特定成分によりキノコ発生本数が抑
えられ大型のキノコが得られる。Sterilized cultivation bags etc. should be filled with sufficient contents (25
Wait for it to cool down (below 5°C), then crush the starter culture.
Add 0 g almost uniformly to the hole in the center of the medium and the top surface of the medium. Alternatively, several seed pieces used for Hoda tree cultivation may be embedded in the hole in the center of the medium and around it. Once the inoculation has been completed, the cultivation bag is quickly sealed again with a stopper and transported to a culture room at a temperature of about 22° C. and a humidity of 60 to 70% to allow mycelia to grow in the medium. It usually takes about 30 days for the hyphae to extend throughout the medium. After the mycelium has spread in the medium, the temperature is maintained at approximately 22°C while irradiating light as appropriate. 1.5 to 2 months after the start of culture, the surface of the medium becomes raised, becomes lumpy, and begins to brown, and about 3 months after the start of culture, Allows mushrooms to grow. At this time, if the surface of the medium is insufficiently browned and the coating is thin, the number of mushrooms will increase, resulting in a decrease in the weight of each mushroom. On the other hand, when the coffee grounds were added to the culture medium according to the method of the present invention, the surface of the culture medium was sufficiently browned and the film became thick when mushrooms were generated, and furthermore, the number of mushrooms that grew was reduced due to the specific components contained in the coffee grounds. It can be suppressed and large mushrooms can be obtained.
なお、本発明の方法は、特定の培地材料を用いた培養工
程を有する点に特徴を有し、したがって、培地詰め込み
工程からキノコの発芽生育の工程までの操作は、上記し
た例に制限されるものではない、すなわち、栽培容器の
形状、容積、培地詰め込み量、培地の滅菌方法、種菌の
種類及びその調整方法、培養、発芽、生育条件等は適宜
任意に選定することができる。The method of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a culture step using a specific medium material, and therefore, the operations from the medium filling step to the mushroom germination and growth step are limited to the above-mentioned examples. In other words, the shape and volume of the cultivation container, the amount of culture medium packed, the method of sterilizing the culture medium, the type of inoculum and its adjustment method, the culture, germination, growth conditions, etc. can be arbitrarily selected as appropriate.
次に本発明の方法を具体例を用いて更に詳しく説明する
。Next, the method of the present invention will be explained in more detail using specific examples.
実施例１
コーヒー粕：米糠：フスマ：プナオガ屑の混合比率が乾
物重量基準（重量部）で１０：１５：１５：６０の混合
物に水を加え、水分含有率６５％の培地を調製した。こ
の培地をポリプロピレン製の栽培袋にＩＫｇ詰め込み立
方体に成形した。次に、培地中央部に直径１．５ｃｍの
孔を１本、その周辺に直径０．５ｃｍの孔を４本それぞ
れ袋の底部まで到達するようにあけた。袋の口をウレタ
ン栓で密封した後に、１２０°Ｃの飽和水蒸気圧下に２
時間保って滅菌した。冷却後、米糠−フスマーブナオガ
屑培地で培養して種菌約１０ｇを培地内の孔と培地上面
にほぼ均一になるように添加した。種菌接種後培地を温
度２２°Ｃの条件下に置き培養を行った。種菌接種４５
日後培地上部から表面の褐変が始まり、接種７５日後に
は培地表面は完全に褐変していた。このまま培地を温度
２２°Ｃに更に１０日間置いた後に、温度１６°Ｃ１湿
度９０％、照度５０〜１５０１ｕｘの条件下に袋を開封
した状態にしてキノコを発生させた。発生処理開始８日
後に最初のキノコが収穫でき、その後も発生操作を続け
、５７日間で合計２３３ ｇ／袋のキノコ収量が得られ
た。この時、１本当たりのキノコ重量は５ｇ以下が２３
ｇ、５〜１０ｇが５９ｇ、１０ｇ以上が１５１ｇであり
だ。Example 1 Water was added to a mixture of coffee grounds: rice bran: wheat bran: puna grains in a ratio of 10:15:15:60 on a dry weight basis (parts by weight) to prepare a medium with a water content of 65%. This culture medium was packed into a polypropylene cultivation bag and shaped into a cube. Next, one hole with a diameter of 1.5 cm was made in the center of the culture medium, and four holes with a diameter of 0.5 cm were made around the hole so as to reach the bottom of the bag. After sealing the mouth of the bag with a urethane stopper, it was heated to 120°C under saturated steam pressure for 2 hours.
Sterilized over time. After cooling, the mixture was cultured in a rice bran-fusmer sawdust medium, and approximately 10 g of the seed bacteria was added almost uniformly to the pores in the medium and the upper surface of the medium. After inoculation of the inoculum, the culture medium was placed at a temperature of 22°C and cultured. Inoculum inoculation 45
A day later, the surface of the medium began to brown from the top, and 75 days after inoculation, the surface of the medium had completely browned. After the culture medium was left at a temperature of 22°C for another 10 days, the bag was opened and mushrooms were generated under conditions of a temperature of 16°C, humidity of 90%, and illuminance of 50 to 1501 ux. The first mushrooms were harvested 8 days after the start of the sprouting process, and the sprouting operation was continued thereafter, resulting in a total mushroom yield of 233 g/bag over 57 days. At this time, the weight of each mushroom must be 5g or less.
g, 5 to 10 g is 59 g, and 10 g or more is 151 g.
実施例２
培地組成をコーヒー粕２０％、米ＷＩＯ％、フスマ１０
％ブナオガ屑６０％にした以外は実施例１と同様に栽培
テストを行ったところ、種菌接種７０日後には培地表面
は完全に褐変した。そのまま温度２２°Ｃに１５日間置
いた後に培地を発生室に移したところ、６３日間で２０
８ ｇ／袋のキノコ収量が得られた。この時の１本当た
りのキノコ重量は５ｇ以下が２０ｇ、５〜ｌｏｇが４１
ｇ、１０ｇ以上が１４７ｇであった。Example 2 Medium composition: coffee grounds 20%, rice WIO%, bran 10%
A cultivation test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the beech sawdust was changed to 60%, and the surface of the medium completely turned brown 70 days after inoculation. After leaving it at a temperature of 22°C for 15 days, the culture medium was transferred to the generation chamber, and 20
A mushroom yield of 8 g/bag was obtained. At this time, the weight of each mushroom is 20g for 5g or less, and 41 for 5 to log
g, 10g or more was 147g.
実施例３
培地組成を乾物重量比でコーヒー粕３０％、米糠１０％
、フスマｌＯ％、ブナオガ屑５０％にした以外は実施例
１と同様に栽培試験を行ったところ、種菌接種６６日後
には培地表面は完全に褐変した。そのまま温度２２°Ｃ
に１９日間置いた後に培地を発生室に移し、７９日間で
２１３ｇ／袋のキノコ収量が得られた。この時の１本当
たりのキノコ重量は５ｇ以下が２７ｇ、５〜Ｌｏｇが３
３ｇ、１０ｇ以上が１５３ｇであった。Example 3 Medium composition: 30% coffee grounds and 10% rice bran in dry weight ratio
A cultivation test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the contents were changed to 10% of wheat bran, 50% of beech sawdust, and the surface of the medium completely turned brown 66 days after inoculation. Temperature 22°C
After 19 days, the culture medium was transferred to the germination chamber, and a mushroom yield of 213 g/bag was obtained in 79 days. At this time, the weight of each mushroom is 27g for 5g or less, 3 for 5 to Log
3g, 10g or more was 153g.
比較例１
培地材料のうちコーヒー粕を除外した以外は実施例１と
同様にして栽培テストを行ったところ、種菌接種７８日
後に培地表面にキノコ原基が形成され始めたので培地を
温度１６°Ｃの部屋に移しキノコを発生させた。この時
の培地表面は充分に褐変しておらず、被膜も薄いためキ
ノコ発生本数が５９本／袋となった。発生処理開始５９
日後までに３０８ ｇ／袋のキノコ収量が得られたが、
１本当たりのキノコ重量は１０ｇ以下のものが全体の約
８５％と小型のキノコが大半を占めた。Comparative Example 1 A cultivation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that coffee grounds were excluded from the culture medium materials. Mushroom primordia began to form on the surface of the culture medium 78 days after inoculation, so the culture medium was heated to a temperature of 16°C. I moved it to room C and made mushrooms grow. At this time, the surface of the medium was not sufficiently browned and the film was thin, resulting in 59 mushrooms/bag. Occurrence processing start 59
A mushroom yield of 308 g/bag was obtained after 1 day.
About 85% of the mushrooms weighed less than 10g per mushroom, making up the majority of the mushrooms.
本発明によれば、キノコ発生時の培地表面の褐変が充分
に行われて被膜が厚く形成され、コーヒー粕内の特定成
分によりキノコの発芽が抑えられるため、キノコ発生本
数が抑制され、大型で高品質なキノコを高収量に収穫で
きる。According to the present invention, the surface of the medium during mushroom growth is sufficiently browned and a thick film is formed, and mushroom germination is suppressed by specific components in the coffee grounds, so the number of mushrooms generated is suppressed and large-sized mushrooms are formed. High yields of high quality mushrooms can be harvested.
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は本発明のシイタケの栽培方法の−実施例を示す
工程図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an embodiment of the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms of the present invention.
Claims (3)
類粉末からなる栄養源１０〜５０重量部、コーヒー飲料
等の製造時に副生するコーヒー粕５〜４０重量部を含む
培地を用いた培養工程を有することを特徴とするシイタ
ケの人工栽培方法。(1) A medium containing 50 to 70 parts by weight of hardwood sawdust, 10 to 50 parts by weight of a nutritional source consisting of grain powder, and 5 to 40 parts by weight of coffee grounds, which is a by-product during the production of coffee drinks, etc., was used in dry weight ratio. A method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms, the method comprising a cultivation step.
豆搾り粕、オカラ又は小麦粉の少なくとも１種以上であ
る請求項（１）記載のシイタケの人工栽培方法。(2) The method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms according to claim (1), wherein the nutrient source is at least one of rice bran, bran, corn plan, soybean residue, okara, or wheat flour.
元素の少なくとも１種を含むことを特徴とする請求項（
１）記載のシイタケの人工栽培方法。(3) Claim characterized in that the medium contains at least one of starch, yeast extract, salts, or trace elements (
1) The artificial cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms described above.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63313592A JPH02156828A (en) | 1988-12-12 | 1988-12-12 | Artificial cultivation of shiitake mushroom |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63313592A JPH02156828A (en) | 1988-12-12 | 1988-12-12 | Artificial cultivation of shiitake mushroom |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02156828A true JPH02156828A (en) | 1990-06-15 |
Family
ID=18043173
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63313592A Pending JPH02156828A (en) | 1988-12-12 | 1988-12-12 | Artificial cultivation of shiitake mushroom |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02156828A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06153691A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1994-06-03 | Shigeki Yoshida | Method for cultivating mushroom with culture medium containing coffee bean pulp added thereto or as principal ingredient |
| JPH07255272A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1995-10-09 | Kinkou Shiitake Kyodo Kumiai | Spawn contained in formed package |
| KR20010069334A (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2001-07-25 | 유효열 | New Fermentation, Sterilization and Manufacturing Method of Pleurotus eryngii Medium |
| KR20010108876A (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2001-12-08 | 이수정 | Method for mushroom grow |
| KR100783489B1 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2007-12-07 | 망절용 | Composition of culture medium for cultivation of mushroom contained minerals and method for culture of the mushroom contained minerals |
| CN103553801A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 李洁 | Mushroom culture medium prepared from coffee grounds |
| CN103864504A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Solid fermentation matrix for culturing edible and medicinal fungus, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103910547A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-09 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | Domestic fungus medium, preparation method thereof and domestic fungus culture method |
| JP2021029219A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-01 | 株式会社ハイファ研究所 | Method for cultivating shiitake mushroom using coffee residue, and method for increasing functional components |
-
1988
- 1988-12-12 JP JP63313592A patent/JPH02156828A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06153691A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1994-06-03 | Shigeki Yoshida | Method for cultivating mushroom with culture medium containing coffee bean pulp added thereto or as principal ingredient |
| JPH07255272A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1995-10-09 | Kinkou Shiitake Kyodo Kumiai | Spawn contained in formed package |
| KR20010108876A (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2001-12-08 | 이수정 | Method for mushroom grow |
| KR20010069334A (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2001-07-25 | 유효열 | New Fermentation, Sterilization and Manufacturing Method of Pleurotus eryngii Medium |
| KR100783489B1 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2007-12-07 | 망절용 | Composition of culture medium for cultivation of mushroom contained minerals and method for culture of the mushroom contained minerals |
| CN103864504A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Solid fermentation matrix for culturing edible and medicinal fungus, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103910547A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-09 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | Domestic fungus medium, preparation method thereof and domestic fungus culture method |
| CN103910547B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-03-02 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | Culture medium of edible fungus and preparation method thereof and cultivation method for edible mushroom |
| CN103553801A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 李洁 | Mushroom culture medium prepared from coffee grounds |
| JP2021029219A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-01 | 株式会社ハイファ研究所 | Method for cultivating shiitake mushroom using coffee residue, and method for increasing functional components |
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